AP/IB HL-1 BIOLOGY Mrs. Whitman Poudre High School 2013-2014 Packet contents: Guidelines--------------------------------p. 2-3 IB learner profile-----------------------p. 4 Course outline---------------------------p. 5-7 Command terms-------------------------p. 8 IB scoring criteria for IA--------------p. 9-10 Clarifications of IA criteria------------p. 11-13 Check sheet for IA clarifications of criterion -------p. 14 Reminders for writing up labs---------p. 15 AP equations & formulas---------------last 2 pgs. 1|Page AP/ IB HL-1 BIOLOGY GUIDELINES—Whitman—2013-2014 Welcome to biology! This is a combination class: AP biology and the first year of the IB HL class. In addition to learning lots of cool biology, I’ll help get you ready for your AP/IB exams. (We’ll be practicing with past AP/IB exams.) The AP exam is May 12th. IB students’ diploma score for next year is determined in part (24%) on lab work (60 hrs. for HL over the 2 years), while the exam is worth 76%. 1. All IB/PHS policies will apply to this class. Of special note are the policies on late work and plagiarism. Assignments are always due at the beginning of the class period. It will be your responsibility to get work ahead of time (more than an hour!) to get full credit for an assignment if you have a school excused or pre-arranged absence. This year, daily assignments will be accepted only one day late for 60% of the original grade if you are present on the due date. Major assignments (including labs) can be accepted only one day late for 80% of the original grade if the absence wasn’t anticipated. All late assignments must be handed directly to me and have a completed late slip attached. Your best bet is to get things in on time! Please check the “Missing assignment” box for handouts you might have missed as well as Blackboard as I continue building my site. Academic honesty (plagiarism) is a serious violation and the IB policies reflect this. Even when you are working together on assignments, unless otherwise indicated, you must turn in your own original written work and ideas on the assignment. If you aren’t sure if it will be considered plagiarism, please ask me beforehand. We’ll do some good clarification of this when we do lab & group work. Classroom etiquette: Since your body is 70-95% water and you all know how important it is for cell function, drink water in class and nothing else. Please check with me about eating in the classroom. There are different circumstances that may apply. No eating during any labs, though. Since your brain can only process so many things at once, eliminate distractions (electronic devices not being used directly for class work) by turning them off, leaving them in your backpack, locker, friend’s car….Thanks!!!! (The protocol is that the device will be sent down to the dean on the first violation and a parent will have to retrieve it.) 2. Workload: I will do my best to be aware of the workload in my class and how it coincides with other classes, but realize that we are under a time limit to get you thoroughly prepared (including review time) for thes exams. Communication will be the key to work together. Teachers can be reasonable ☺ and we do all try to use the on-line “major assignment” calendar. 3. Grades: The overall grading scale for this class is: A = 90 - 100% B = 80 - 89.5% C = 70 - 79.5% D = 60% - 69.5% F = below 59.5% **Note: My policy for failing an individual test is to do test corrections for half credit and meet with me to go over the material. All students, regardless of their score, will do test corrections as a homework completion grade (5 pt.) (Great way to relearn info. correctly!) 4. Syllabus: Use the “official” IB syllabus as a study guide. Check which objectives correspond to the topics we’re covering and try to answer them. They are on Blackboard for each unit. Study groups are great for this! 2|Page 5. Materials: • colored pencils • a 3-ring binder with dividers (just for biology) • copies of assigned ppts. when we talk about them. • Campbell 9th ed. Biology book. Please bring your textbook or work out with your table partner who will have theirs here. You can use the online e-text at home. • IB students only will need to purchase Biozone 1 & 2 books from the IB office. (2 @ $19.95 = 39.90). Please write a check to: PHS-IB or bring exact change. You’ll be using these books for both years of HL bio. 6. Labs: Lab exercises and reports will be an important part of the biology course. We’ll refer to the guidelines on the last page and practice a lot this year. More information soon… 7. THE LATEST EDITION OF Campbells BIOLOGY will be used in class. Please put your name in the front cover. To access the online resources that go with the book, please fill in the following here & on a post-it in your textbook. Let me know what you find useful. • Go to: www.pearsonschool.com/access. • Enter the first 6 letters of your access code below. • Click on Covered Titles to select discipline & title. • Choose “student” registration • Accept Pearson license agreement • Access information with a username & password you’ve created. Access code: SSNAT-CTTTT-YOGIC-NEMAN-RETOT-HIKES Username: Password: P.S.—I teach part time—periods 4 & 7. I will be at school before and after those periods depending on the day, so please let me know how I can accommodate you if you need help. You can get a hold of me through e-mail: [email protected] or by phone: 488-6164. Please view my Blackboard site for announcements, missed assignments or to review ppt, etc. (I’ll give you updates… ☺ ) Please sign the line below and have your parents sign indicating that the entire “frog packet” has been read and understood. Thanks. Student signature _______________________________________ date_________________ Parent’s signature______________________________date_________________ 3|Page IB learner profile The aim of all IB programmes is to develop internationally minded people who, recognizing their common humanity and shared guardianship of the planet, help to create a better and more peaceful world. IB learners strive to be: Inquirers They develop their natural curiosity. They acquire the skills necessary to conduct inquiry and research and show independence in learning. They actively enjoy learning and this love of learning will be sustained throughout their lives. Knowledgeable They explore concepts, ideas and issues that have local and global significance. In so doing, they acquire in-depth knowledge and develop understanding across a broad and balanced range of disciplines. Thinkers They exercise initiative in applying thinking skills critically and creatively to recognize and approach complex problems, and make reasoned, ethical decisions. Communicators They understand and express ideas and information confidently and creatively in more than one language and in a variety of modes of communication. They work effectively and willingly in collaboration with others. Principled They act with integrity and honesty, with a strong sense of fairness, justice and respect for the dignity of the individual, groups and communities. They take responsibility for their own actions and the consequences that accompany them. Open-minded They understand and appreciate their own cultures and personal histories, and are open to the perspectives, values and traditions of other individuals and communities. They are accustomed to seeking and evaluating a range of points of view, and are willing to grow from the experience. Caring They show empathy, compassion and respect towards the needs and feelings of others. They have a personal commitment to service, and act to make a positive difference to the lives of others and to the environment. Risk-takers They approach unfamiliar situations and uncertainty with courage and forethought, and have the independence of spirit to explore new roles, ideas and strategies. They are brave and articulate in defending their beliefs. Balanced They understand the importance of intellectual, physical and emotional balance to achieve personal well-being for themselves and others. Reflective They give thoughtful consideration to their own learning and experience. They are able to assess and understand their strengths and limitations in order to support their learning and personal development. 4|Page AP/ IB HL-1 BIOLOGY COURSE OUTLINE Our main resource for this course will be Biology by Campbell (9th ed). Reading will be assigned by chapter but I’ll indicate specific pages if we’re skipping or supplementing the chapter. Before reading a chapter, read the “Summary of key concepts” in the “chapter review” section of each chapter. (I’ll give you a copy.) Plus, you’ll be working on “reading guides” to be completed for each unit. Keep up with your reading & make vocab flashcards! We’ll have some “reading quizzes”. We’ll do practice exam questions from old IB/AP exams, also. Topic numbers from your “official IB syllabus” are included below for both IB & AP students to keep track of what we’re covering. AP students: We’ll build your AP syllabus as learning objectives as we go through the year. Labs will be done with each main topic. IB students, your IA (Internal Assessment) for this class will be your 2 top scores of each criterion from all the labs you’ve done over the two years of HL biology. More emphasis will be put on that senior year. TOPIC 5: ECOLOGY Ch. 1—Introduction: Ten themes in the study of life Ch. 52---Introduction to ecology and the biosphere (skim pgs. 1153-1156 & 1159-1162) Ch. 54—Community ecology Ch. 55—Ecosystems & restoration ecology Ch. 53—Population ecology Ch. 56—Conservation biology & global climate change TEST—ch. 1, 52-56 (IB syllabus topics: 5.1-5.3, Opt. G) TOPIC 3: CHEMISTRY OF LIFE Ch. 2—The chemical context of life Ch. 3—Water & life Ch. 4—Carbon and the molecular diversity of life Ch. 5—Structure & function of large biological molecules Ch. 8—Introduction to metabolism TEST—Ch. 2-5,8 (IB syllabus topics: 3.1-3.3, 3.6, 7.5-7.6) TOPIC 2: CELLS Ch. 6—A tour of the cell Ch. 12—The cell cycle Ch. 16---Molecular basis of inheritance Ch. 7—Membrane structure & function TEST—Ch. 6, 7, 12, 16 (IB syllabus topics: 2.1-2.5, 3.4, 7.2) 5|Page TOPIC D: EVOLUTIONARY HISTORY OF BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY Ch. 25—History of life on earth Ch. 27—Bacteria and Archaea (will focus on concept 27.3- 27.4) Ch. 28—Protists (will revisit concept 28.1) TOPIC 3 Ch. 9—Cellular respiration & fermentation Ch. 10—Photosynthesis TEST—ch. 25, 27-28, 9-10 (IB syllabus topics: D.1, 3.7-3.8, 8.1-8.2) TOPIC D: HEREDITY AND EVOLUTION Ch. 22—Descent with modification Ch. 23—The evolution of populations Ch. 24—Origin of species Ch. 26—Phylogeny & the Tree of Life TEST—ch. 22-24; 26 (IB syllabus topics: D.2-D.5) TOPIC 4: GENETICS Ch. 13—Meiosis and sexual life cycles Ch. 17—From gene to protein Ch. 14—Mendel and the gene idea Ch. 15—Chromosomal basis of inheritance Ch. 20—Biotechnology Ch. 21—Genomes & their evolution (only sections 21.1-21.5) TEST—ch. 13-15,17; 20 & 21 (IB syllabus topics: 4.1-4.4, 10.1-10.3) TOPIC 6 & H: HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY ***(Highlights from all of these chapters will be used. IB students will revisit these senior year.) Ch. 40—Basic principles of animal form and function Ch. 50—Sensory & motor mechanisms (only section 50.5) Ch. 41—Animal nutrition Ch. 42—Circulation and gas exchange TEST—ch. 40-42; 50 (IB syllabus topics: 6.1, 6.2, 6.4, H.2-H.6) Ch. 43—The immune system Ch. 44—Osmoregulation and excretion Ch. 45—Hormones and the endocrine system TEST—ch. 43-45 (IB syllabus topics: 6.3, 6.5, 11.1, 11.3, H.1) Ch. 46—Animal reproduction Ch. 47—Animal development (only pgs. 1021-1028) Ch. 49—Nervous systems (only section 49.1) Ch. 48—Neurons, synapses & signalling TEST—ch. 46-49 (IB syllabus topics: 6.6, 11.2, 11.4) 6|Page PLANT FORM AND FUNCTION*** (Highlights from all of these chapters will be used. IB students will revisit these senior year.) Ch. 35—Plant structure, growth and development Ch. 36—Resource acquisition and transport in vascular plants Ch. 37—Soil and plant nutrition Ch. 38—Angiosperm reproduction & biotechnology Ch. 39—Plant response to internal & external signals TEST—ch. 35-38 (IB syllabus topics: 9.1-9.3) CLASSIFICATION—selected sections from the following chapters: Ch. 28—Protists Ch. 29—Plant diversity 1: How plants colonized land Ch.30—Plant diversity 2: Evolution of seed plants Ch. 31—Fungi Ch. 32—Overview of animal diversity Ch. 33—Intro to Invertebrates Ch. 34—Origin & evolution of Vertebrates KINGDOM SURVEY LAB (IB syllabus topics: 5.5) 7|Page IB COMMAND TERMS These command terms indicate the depth of treatment required for a given assessment statement. These command terms will be used in examination questions, so it is important that students are familiar with the following definitions. Objective 1 Define Draw Label List Measure State Give the precise meaning of a word, phrase or physical quantity. Represent by means of pencil lines. Add labels to a diagram. Give a sequence of names or other brief answers with no explanation. Find a value for a quantity. Give a specific name, value or other brief answer without explanation or calculation. Objective 2 Annotate Apply Calculate Add brief notes to a diagram or graph. Use an idea, equation, principle, theory or law in a new situation. Find a numerical answer showing the relevant stages in the working (unless instructed not to do so). Describe Give a detailed account. Distinguish Give the differences between two or more different items. Estimate Find an approximate value for an unknown quantity. Identify Find an answer from a given number of possibilities. Outline Give a brief account or summary. Objective 3 Analyse Interpret data to reach conclusions. Comment Give a judgment based on a given statement or result of a calculation. Compare Give an account of similarities and differences between two (or more) items, referring to both (all) of them throughout. Construct Represent or develop in graphical form. Deduce Reach a conclusion from the information given. Derive Manipulate a mathematical relationship(s) to give a new equation or relationship. Design Produce a plan, simulation or model. Determine Find the only possible answer. Discuss Give an account including, where possible, a range of arguments for and against the relative importance of various factors, or comparisons of alternative hypotheses. Evaluate Assess the implications and limitations. Explain Give a detailed account of causes, reasons or mechanisms. Predict Give an expected result. Show Give the steps in a calculation or derivation. Sketch Represent by means of a graph showing a line and labelled but unscaled axes but with important features (for example, intercept) clearly indicated. 8|Page Solve Suggest Obtain an answer using algebraic and/or numerical methods. Propose a hypothesis or other possible answer. IB SCORING CRITERIA FOR IA (2009 onward) Design Aspect 1 Levels/marks Defining the problem and selecting variables Complete/2 Formulates a focused problem/research question and identifies the relevant variables. Formulates a problem/research Partial/1 question that is incomplete or identifies only some relevant variables. Does not identify a problem or Not at all/0 research question and does not identify any relevant variables. Aspect 2 Controlling variables Aspect 3 Developing a method for collection of data Designs a method for the Develops a method that allows effective control of the variables. for the collection of sufficient relevant data. Designs a method that makes Develops a method that allows some attempt to control the for the collection of insufficient variables. relevant data. Designs a method that does not control the variables. Develops a method that does not allow for any relevant data to be collected. Data collection and processing Aspect 1 Levels/marks Recording raw data Complete/2 Partial/1 Not at all/0 Aspect 2 Aspect 3 Processing raw data Presenting processed data Records appropriate quantitative Processes the quantitative raw Presents processed data and associated qualitative raw data correctly. appropriately and, where data, including units and relevant, includes errors and uncertainties where relevant. uncertainties. Records appropriate quantitative and Processes quantitative raw data, Presents processed data associated qualitative raw data, but but with some mistakes and/or appropriately, but with some with some mistakes or omissions. omissions. mistakes and/or omissions. Does not record any appropriate No processing of quantitative raw Presents processed data quantitative raw data or raw data data is carried out or major inappropriately or is incomprehensible. mistakes are made in incomprehensibly. processing. Conclusion and evaluation Aspect 1 Levels/marks Concluding Complete/2 Partial/1 States a conclusion, with justification, based on a reasonable interpretation of the data. States a conclusion based on a reasonable interpretation of the data. Aspect 2 Evaluating procedure(s) Evaluates weaknesses and limitations. Aspect 3 Improving the investigation Suggests realistic improvements in respect of identified weaknesses and limitations. Identifies some weaknesses and limitations, but the evaluation is weak or missing. Suggests only superficial improvements. 9|Page Not at all/0 States no conclusion or the conIdentifies irrelevant clusion is based on an unreasonableweaknesses and limitations. interpretation of the data. Suggests unrealistic improvements. Manipulative skills (assessed summatively) Aspect 1 Aspect 2 Aspect 3 Levels/marks Following instructions* Carrying out techniques Working safely Competent and methodical in the use of Pays attention to Follows instructions accurately, Complete/2 a range of techniques and equipment. safety issues. adapting to new circumstances (seeking assistance when required). Follows instructions but requires Usually competent & methodical in the use Usually pays attention Partial/1 of a range of techniques & equipment to safety issues. assistance. Rarely follows instructions or Rarely competent & methodical in the useRarely pays attention Not at all/0 requires constant supervision. of a range of techniques & equipment. to safety issues. Personal skills (for group 4 project assessment only) Aspect 1 Levels/marks Aspect 2 Self-motivation and perseverance Working within a team Approaches the project with self-motivation and follows it through to completion Collaborates and communicates in a group situation and integrates the views of others. Aspect 3 Self-reflection Shows a thorough awareness of their own strengths and weaknesses and gives thoughtful consideration to their learning experience. Completes the project but Exchanges some views Shows limited awareness of their Partial/1 sometimes lacks selfbut requires guidance to own strengths and weaknesses motivation. collaborate with others. and gives some consideration to their learning experience. Lacks perseverance and Makes little or no attempt Shows no awareness of their own Not at all/0 motivation. to collaborate in a group strengths and weaknesses and situation. gives no consideration to their learning experience. The assessment can be assisted by the use of a student self-evaluation form, but the use of such a form is not a requirement. Complete/2 10 | P a g e IMPORTANT clarifications of the IA criteria 2009 exam session (and beyond) DESIGN: DESIGN: ASPECT 1: DEFINING THE PROBLEM AND SELECTING VARIABLES a) b) c) d) Focused research question (not just a restatement of the teacher’s question). Not a hypothesis, but can have a directional prediction if appropriate. Explicitly identify dependent, independent and controlled variables and qualify them. Uncontrolled variables are not marked by IB, but please list as they are helpful to consider in your evaluation section. A table of controlled & uncontrolled variable and what they might affect is the best format. e) Literature searches or background info. are not graded by the IB, but are worth 5 pt. for my class when assigned. They are very helpful to consider in your conclusion. This would include info. that allows you to make a cause and effect relationship about your focused research question. ASPECT 2: CONTROLLING VARIABLES a) This is basically your “procedure”, but additionally describes how you’ll control your independent variable (or how you will keep other factors from influencing the I.V.). b) There should be expanded descriptions/justifications within the numbered procedural steps. c) If a standard protocol is used such as a measuring technique and is then expanded upon or adapted, then the standard protocol must be cited/referenced. (Previous lab worksheets can be referenced.) ASPECT 3: DEVELOPING A METHOD FOR COLLECTION OF DATA a) This is also part of your procedure and explains how to collect the data, how much and what kind of data to collect. b) If error analysis involving standard deviation is used, have at least 5 trials. c) Include diagrams of the experimental set-up and refer to them in your description of the experiment. d) Include a description of what data processing will be done in the next section. NOTES: 11 | P a g e DATA COLLECTION AND PROCESSING: PROCESSING ASPECT 1: RECORDING RAW DATA a) This is the actual data collected and how to present it. b) Quantitative data is the only kind that will be IB IA assessed. Qualitative should be included if those observations enhance the interpretation of results. c) Correct significant figures are to be used. d) Uncertainties within the raw data should be quantified here. Even if it’s an estimate of the magnitude of the uncertainty (such as reaction time using a stopwatch). We’ll discuss uncertainties in more detail and a handout will be provided. e) Students should determine how best to record and format the data (tables with titles, etc.) f) The recording of the level of precision of the data should be from the point where the student organizes, prepares and carries out the experiment. For example, students would not be expected to state the precision in a solution prepared for them. g) Data can be collected in groups or pooled as class data, but formatting, making decisions on uncertainties, sig. figs and descriptions of qualitative data must be done individually. In addition, students must clearly indicate/note which data is their own. (Moderators need this very clear!) ASPECT 2: PROCESSING RAW DATA a) This is what you do with your raw data—determining mean, median, mode, range, standard deviation, level of significance, percent error, etc. b) Choose what is most appropriate to get you to transform data into a summary graph. c) If data is already in a form suitable to graph (EX—distance travelled by pill bugs against temperature), make a line of best fit to “process” it. The calculation or how the line was derived should be shown, but would be “presented” in Aspect 3. d) Recorded raw data and processed data can be shown in the same table as long as they are clearly identified. e) If data was collected electronically and a graph is generated from that, show the slope calculation. ASPECT 3: PRESENTING PROCESSED DATA a) Determine the most suitable format (spreadsheet, table, graph, chart, flow diagram, etc.) b) Headings for calculations, tables, graphs. c) Graphs need appropriate scales, units, accurately plotted data points with suitable bestfit line or curve (not scattergraphs with data-point to data-point connecting) d) Present the data so that all stages to the final result can be followed. e) Sig figs! f) Uncertainties associated with raw data should be taken into account and shown on the graph—such as in graphical analysis using appropriate best fit line. g) Error bars are an acceptable way to express the degree of uncertainties. NOTES: 12 | P a g e CONCLUSION AND EVALUATION: EVALUATION ASPECT 1: CONCLUDING a) May include comparisons of different graphs or descriptions of graph trends. Should contain observations, trends or patterns revealed by the data. b) Refer back to a resource & cite it. If measuring an already known and accepted value or trend of a physical quantity, draw a conclusion as to your confidence in the results by comparing the experiment value or trend with the textbook or literature value. Cite sources! c) Give an explanation of why the data trend occurred. It is good practice to analyze results. d) Always use paragraph form in the CE. ASPECT 2: EVALUATING PROCEDURE a) The design and method of the investigation must be commented on as well as the quality of the data. Point out any ways you tried to control variables. (Include processes, equipment use and time management.) b) List the weaknesses and discuss how significant they are, as well as how they may have led to error (effect on data). (Minimum of 3.) c) Comment on precision and accuracy of measurements. ASPECT 3: IMPROVING THE INVESTIGATION a) Suggestions for improvements should be based on the identified weaknesses in Aspect 2. b) Technique modifications, changes in data range, number of trials and specifics about the equipment are appropriate. c) Make modifications realistic and explain clearly. NOTES: NOTES See the “IB scoring criteria for IA (2009 onward)” handout for explanations of: MANIPULATIVE SKILLS (SUMMATIVE) 13 | P a g e PERSONAL SKILLS (ONLY ASSESSED ON G4P) Adapted by J. Whitman 2008 from IBO Diploma Programme Biology Guide (First examinations 2009) Check sheet for IA clarifications of criterion Name: Lab name: Date: Please use this as a guide to help you learn the IA criterion and make sure you’re covering each assigned section (D, DCP, CE). • Staple this “checked” sheet to each IA completed. Highlight the section headings you were assigned. (Remember the IB score for each section is 2 per “aspect” = 6 pt.) • Reference your packet pages with “IMPORTANT clarifications of the IA criteria” to correlate the clarifications. • Check off which clarifications you completed for each aspect. Add a comment or reminder in the box. (You won’t receive credit if there are not comments/notes, etc. Make it work for you!) • Some labs don’t lend themselves to “formal IA” format, so only parts of this will be completed or a worksheet. • This sheet is 5 pts. of your lab score. 1. Attach lab instruction sheet to front of lab & raw data to back. 2. Background information (If assigned) a) Explanation of observations, info from class & research that led you to your question. Include why you are doing this experiment. b) Written in paragraph form & in own words. c) Sources cited 3. DESIGN: DESIGN: ASPECT 1: DEFINING THE PROBLEM AND SELECTING VARIABLES a) b) c) d) e) ASPECT 2: CONTROLLING VARIABLES a) b) c) ASPECT 3: DEVELOPING A METHOD FOR COLLECTION OF DATA a) b) c) d) 4.DATA COLLECTION AND PROCESSING: PROCESSING ASPECT 1: RECORDING RAW DATA a) b) c) d) e) f) g) ASPECT 2: PROCESSING RAW DATA a) b) c) d) e) ASPECT 3: PRESENTING PROCESSED DATA a) b) c) d) e) f) g) CONCLUSION AND EVALUATION: EVALUATION ASPECT 1: CONCLUDING ASPECT 2: EVALUATING ASPECT 3: IMPROVING THE 14 | P a g e a) b) c) d) PROCEDURE INVESTIGATION a) b) c) a) b) c) REMINDERS FOR WRITING UP LABS: • • • • • • • • • • • • • Some labs will be full write-ups and others will only require a portion of the lab to be turned in. They will usually be graded with the IB criteria. Use proper bibliographic citations for all background research. You will not need a separate lab notebook. Labs must be typed. (Great for back-up copies!) Include your IB candidate number on each lab with a date. Use the title given, then add your own creative one. Please include the name of your lab partners. Raw data must be recorded during the lab and turned in at the back of the lab write-up. (Worth 1 pt.) All handouts or instructions (verbal or typed) must be stapled to the front of your lab write-up. (Worth 5 pt.) Use the IB criteria “headings” for the sections of your lab. Use the “Clarifications of the IA criterion” & print out a check sheet for each lab. There may be lab “checks” before performing a lab which requires that you come prepared to each lab session. IB students will need to keep their labs in the classroom lab folders and record the mark for each criterion. You can borrow these to improve on future labs, but losing them is not an option! 15 | P a g e
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