Chemistry 1 Revision: C3 Metals, extraction and recycling
Task 1: Use the revision guide to produce a mini mind map or bullet point summary for the following key areas on this topic.
Task 2: Practise past questions and assess using the mark scheme
Extraction of metals
Copper
aluminium blast furnace carbon compounds concentrated
economically electrolysis energy expensive extracted gold metal
mined more ore oxygen reactive reduction stages titanium
acid rain ash bacteria displacement electrolysis heating
leachate low grade negative plants positive reactive
reduced reserves smelting solutions
An o……….. is a rock that contains enough m…….……….. to make it
Copper can be extracted from copper-rich ores by:
e……….……………………. worthwhile to extract. Unreactive metals such as
1. h…………………… the ores in a furnace (s………..………………..) e.g.
g…………. are found in the Earth as the metal itself, but most metals
are found as c………………………... that require chemical reactions to
extract the metal. Ores are mined and may be c…………………………...
Copper sulphide + oxygen → copper oxide + sulphur dioxide
Complete and balance the symbol equation for this reaction:
Cu2S
+ ..........O2 
..........CuO
+
SO2
before the metal is e……………..……. and purified. Metals that are less
The environmental problem which could be caused if the gas from
r…………………….. than carbon can be extracted from their oxides by
this reaction escaped into the atmosphere is a…………….. r…………….
r………………………………….. with c…………………., for example iron oxide is
reduced in the b………….. f……………………… to make iron:
carbon
+
oxygen
→
carbon monoxide
iron oxide
+
carbon
monoxide

iron
+
+
Copper oxide
+ carbon
→
copper
+ carbon dioxide
In this reaction copper oxide is r…………………………. by carbon because
carbon dioxide
carbon dioxide
carbon is more r……..………………. than copper
2. purification of copper by e…………………………………….:
iron oxide is reduced because o…………………… has been removed.
Complete and balance the symbol equation for this reaction:
Fe2O3
+
3 CO
 ……................ + …………………………
Metals that are m………………… reactive than carbon, such as
a……………………………….. and t……………………………….., are extracted by
e………………………………. of molten compounds. These metals are
e……………………………….. because
 there are many s………………….. in the processes
During electrolysis p……………………. ions move towards the n………………….
electrode.
 large amounts of e…………………. are needed
The supply of copper-rich ores is limited and r……………………. are
Alloys
being used up. New ways of extracting copper from l……… g………………
ores are being researched to limit the environmental impact of
traditional mining:
alloy brittle cast compression corrosion element hard
impurities low metal properties shaped soft stainless
high
uses
A mixture of a m……………… with at least one other e……………………… is
called an a……………… Iron from the blast furnace contains about 96%
 Phytomining uses p…………… to absorb metal compounds. The plants
are burned to produce a……..... that contains the metal compounds
iron. The i……………………. make it b…………………. and so it has limited
 Bioleaching uses b……………….……. to produce l……………………. solutions
that contain metal compounds.
uses. Blast furnace iron is used as c………… iron because of its
Copper can be obtained from s………………………. of copper salts by
strength in c…………………………….
e………………………………. or by d…………………………………. using scrap iron.
Most iron is converted into steels. Steels are alloys since they are
Mining and Recycling
mixtures of i………. with c……………….. Alloys can be designed to have
properties for specific u…………..:
 l……….. carbon steels are easily s……………….
 h………. carbon steels are h…………
 Some steels also contain another m……………., added to improve the
p……………….. e.g. s………………………… steels are resistant to c………………..….
Most metals in everyday use are alloys. Pure copper, gold, iron and
aluminium are too s…………. for many uses and so are mixed with small
amounts of similar metals to make them h….……… for everyday use
Properties and uses of metals
aircraft conductors
hammered heat
corrosion density electricity
medical transition water
acid rain carbon dioxide collection dust energy eyesore
global warming habitat jobs landfill noise quarrying
resources roads sulphur dioxide traffic transport water
Disdvantages of mining:
• h………………… loss
• extra t…………………..
• e……………………
• n…………… pollution • d…………… pollution
• potential pollution of w………………. supplies
• c………………… d………………. (from traffic) / adds to g………….. w………………
• damage r………….. / buildings by vibrations / shockwaves
Advantages of mining:
 provides j……………..  metals are useful r……………………….
Benefits of recycling metals:
Elements in the central block of the periodic table are called
 r……………………….. / ores are conserved
t……………………………… metals. Like other metals they are:
 less mining = less environmental problems eg q…………….…… /eyesore
 good c………………………….. of h……….. and e………………………..
/ d……………. / traffic / n……………… / loss of h………………………
 can be bent or h………………………… into shape
These properties make copper for electrical wiring and plumbing,
 saves e…………………….. resources used for extraction / processing
particularly since it does not react with w…………….
 decreases s……………….. d………………. (so less a………………… r………………….)
Low d…………………… and resistance to c………………………… make aluminium
 decreases waste so less l……………………… space needed
and titanium useful metals in a…………………… and m………………… implants
 decreases c……………….. d………………. (so less g………………… w………………….)