11/12/15 Unit II Review
 New World was filled with
fertile land and natural
resources
 Mercantilism – colonies exist
for the benefit of the mother
country as a source of raw
materials and a market for
finished goods
3. Describe the geography of the New England
colonies.
1. Why did Europeans
change from
exploration to
colonization?
2. What was the Mayflower Compact?
  Set up an organized, orderly
government
  Promised to obey laws for the good
of the colony
  Declared loyalty to the king
  Provided law and order
4. Describe the geography of the Middle
colonies.
  Poor, rocky soil
  Fertile coastal plain
  Swift rivers
  Moderate climate
  Waterfalls
  Four seasons
  Forests
  Natural harbors
1 11/12/15 5. Describe the geography of the Southern
colonies.
6. Identify the economies (industry and jobs)
of the New England colonies.
  Subsistence farms
  Wide coastal plain
  Fishing
  Fertile soil
  Lumbering
  Warm climate
  Shipbuilding
  Long growing season
  Trade
  Mills
7. Identify the economies (industry and jobs)
of the Middle colonies.
8. Identify the economies (industry and jobs) of
the Southern colonies.
  Large & small farms
  Huge farms – plantations
  wheat = #1 cash crop
  Slave labor
  “Bread Colonies”
  #1 cash crops – tobacco & cotton
  Factories
  Immigrant labor
  Cattle and pigs
9. What was the triangular trade?
10. What was the Middle Passage?
  Trade route that exchanged goods
between the West Indies, the
American colonies and West Africa
  Part of the triangular trade when
enslaved Africans were shipped to
the West Indies
2 11/12/15 11. Identify the political structure (government)
of the New England colonies.
  New England Town Meeting
12. Identify the political structure (government)
of the Middle colonies.
  County government – made local laws
  Direct democracy – anyone could
speak
  Made local laws
13. Identify the political structure (government)
of the Southern colonies.
14. Why was the French and Indian War
fought?
  County government – made local laws
  House of Burgesses – first colonial
legislature
15. List the terms (parts) of the Treaty of Paris
of 1763.
  England gained possession of Canada
  England gained land east of Mississippi
River
  Spain gained possession of land west of
Mississippi River
  England obtained Florida from Spain
  Who would control North America,
England or France?
16. What were the other results of the French
and Indian War?
  Settlers could move across Appalachian
Mountains
  Colonists realized they could defend
themselves
  Britain decided the colonists should
help pay for the cost of the war
  France maintained possession of few
islands in the Caribbean
3 11/12/15 17. Explain the Albany Plan of Union.
  Representatives met in Albany, NY to
discuss how to defend themselves from the
French
  Ben Franklin’s plan – single elected
legislature to govern all colonies
  Failed – no colonial assembly wanted to give
up power
19. Why did Britain begin to enforce the
Navigation and Trade Acts?
  Britain needed money to pay for the
French and Indian War
18. What were the 4 laws of the Navigation and Trade Acts?
  All colonial goods had to be carried on
British ships
  Some goods could only be sold to
England
  Some goods could only be manufactured
by England
  Foreign imports had to be sent first to
England where a tax was paid
20. What were the Writs of Assistance? Why
were the Writs of Assistance passed?
  Allowed the Redcoats to search
colonial homes and businesses
without a search warrant
  Passed to stop smuggling
21. What was the colonial reaction to the Writs
of Assistance?
  Invasion of privacy
  Violation of rights as loyal
Englishmen
22. What was the Quartering Act?
  Ordered colonists to provide
housing and food for the Redcoats
stationed in the colonies
  In England, a warrant was needed to
search
4 11/12/15 23. What was the colonial reaction to the
Quartering Act?
24. What was Pontiac’s Rebellion?
  Invasion of privacy
  Series of Native American raids
  Violation of rights as loyal
  Alliance joined together to fight the
Englishmen
British in the Ohio River Valley
  In England, soldiers were housed in
barracks
25. What was the Proclamation of 1763? Why
was the Proclamation of 1763 passed?
26. Why were colonists upset about the
Proclamation of 1763?
  King George closed all land west of
  Colonists just fought France for the
the Appalachian Mountains to
settlers, trappers and traders
  Passed because of Native American
land and won
  Felt king was just trying to keep
them where he could control them
uprisings – Pontiac’s Rebellion
27. What was the Sugar Act? Why was the Sugar
Act passed?
  Lowered the tax on molasses
imported by the colonists
  Eliminated trial by jury in smuggling
cases
  Passed to raise revenue to pay for
28. What was the Stamp Act? Why was the
Stamp Act passed?
  Tax on all printed items such as
newspapers, playing cards and legal
documents such as wills and
marriage licenses
  Passed to raise revenue
the French and Indian War
5 11/12/15 29. What was the colonial reaction to the
Stamp Act?
  Formed Stamp Act Congress
  Formed Sons of Liberty
31. Why was the Stamp Act Congress formed?
  To protest the Stamp Act
30. What was the Stamp Act Congress?
  28 representatives from nine
colonies were sent to New York as a
sign of unity to discuss the Stamp
Act
32. What did the Stamp Act Congress do?
  Sent petition to King George asking to
repeal the Stamp Act
  Declared loyalty as Englishmen
  Declared only representatives can make
laws
  “No taxation without representation”
33. What was the Declaratory Act? Why was the
Declaratory Act passed?
  Parliament had the right to tax and
make decisions for the British
colonies
  Passed to show Parliament had
control over the colonies
34. Who were the Sons of Liberty? What did the Sons of
Liberty do?
  Group of radicals led by Sam Adams formed
to protest against the Stamp Act
  Burned tax stamps, tarred and feathered tax
collectors, boycotted British goods, formed
Committees of Correspondence, effigies,
Boston Massacre engraving, Boston Tea
Party
6 11/12/15 35. What were Committees of Correspondence?
  Wrote letters to people outside
Massachusetts informing them what
was happening in Boston and urging
them to do similar things
36. What was the Townshend Acts?
  Tax on glass, lead, paper, paint and
tea imported into the colonies for
sale
37. What was the Boston Massacre?
38. What was the effect of the Boston Massacre?
  Protest against Townshend Act led to
  Parliament repealed the Townshend
violence, 5 colonists died
Act, but kept the tax on tea
  Propaganda – Paul Revere’s
engraving sent through the colonies
to influence opinion
39. What was the Tea Act?
  Law that gave the British East India
Company the exclusive right to sell
tea in the colonies without paying
the tax on tea
40. What was the colonial reaction to the Tea
Act?
  Sons of Liberty boarded 3 ships
belonging to the British East India
Company and destroyed the tea
  monopoly
7 11/12/15 41. What was the cause of the Boston Tea Party?
  Tea Act
43. What were the four parts of the Coercive /
Intolerable Acts? Why were they passed?
  Laws passed to punish colonists for the
Boston Tea Party
  Closed port of Boston
  Closed Massachusetts legislature and sent
42. What was the effect of the Boston Tea
Party?
  Parliament passed the Coercive Acts
44. What was the colonial reaction to the
Coercive / Intolerable Acts?
  Meeting of the First Continental
Congress
General Gage to rule the colony
  Any Redcoat who committed a crime was
sent to England for trial
  Amended the Quartering Act
45. What was the First Continental Congress?
Why did it meet?
  1774 - 12 colonies sent
representatives to Philadelphia
  Met to discuss the Coercive Acts
46. What were the four major accomplishments
of the First Continental Congress?
  Boycott British goods
  Organize militias
  Petition the king
  Declare loyalty to England
8 11/12/15 47. What was the cause of the Battles of
Lexington and Concord?
  British army went to capture guns
and ammunition the colonists were
stockpiling
48. What was the colonial reaction to the
Battles of Lexington and Concord?
  Meeting of the Second Continental
Congress
  Sent to capture John Hancock and
Samuel Adams
49. What was the Second Continental
Congress? Why did it meet?
  1775 all 13 colonies met in
Philadelphia
  Met to discuss Lexington and
Concord
50. What were the five major accomplishments
of the Second Continental Congress?
  Formed a Continental Army
  Chose George Washington as
Commander in Chief
  Formed a navy of privateers
  Sent the Olive Branch Petition – last
hope for peace
  Sent a representative to France
51. What was the Olive Branch Petition?
  Last hope for peace
  Stated loyalty as Englishmen who just
wanted their rights
52. What happened at the battle of Bunker
Hill?
  3 times the British attacked and were
pushed back
  Americans surrendered when they ran
out of bullets
  Breed’s Hill
  Showed both sides war would be long,
hard and expensive
9 11/12/15 53. Why it was Common Sense important?
  Propaganda by Thomas Paine
  First time public opinion swung
54. Who was George III?
  King of England during the
American Revolution
toward revolution and independence
  America should be ruled by law not
a monarch.
55. What organization did Samuel Adams form?
  Sons of Liberty
56. What was George Washington’s role in the
American Revolution?
  Commander in Chief of the
Continental Army
57. What important document did Thomas
Jefferson write?
  The Declaration of Independence
58. What was Benjamin Franklin’s role in the
American Revolution?
  Patriot
  Albany Plan of Union
  Representative from Pennsylvania at
Continental Congress
  Member of committee to write the
Declaration of Independence
10 11/12/15 59. Who was John Adams’ role in the American
Revolution?
  Patriot
60. What pamphlet did Thomas Paine write?
  Common Sense
  Representative from Massachusetts
at Continental Congress
  Member of committee to write the
Declaration of Independence
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