A special thanks to Gayla Bechtol, AIA of Gayla Bechtol Architect, Santa Fe, NM. She provided the content, overall design, and photographs. The definitions of the styles are taken from the following documents: The Town of Taos HOZ code, Taos Valley Architecture 16.16.220.5 and NMDOT Technical Series 2010-1 Roadside Architecture and Objects in New Mexico by Laurel Wallace, December 2011 and NM Historic Preservation Division HCPI Instruction Manuals from 1980 and 10/25/2013. The Honorable Dan Barrone, Mayor Rick Bellis, Town Manager Town of Taos Council Council Member Judy Cantu Council Member Nathaniel Evans Council Member Darien Fernandez Council Member Fritz Hahn Town of Taos, NM 400 Camino de la Placita Taos, NM 87571 575-758-2002 taos.org / taosgov.com Lynda Perry, Grants Director Louis Fineberg, Planning and Zoning Director John Miller, Senior Planner Karina Armijo, Marketing Director/ Graphic Design TAOS Walking Map of Historical Architectural Styles Copyright 2016 Town of Taos This project has been funded in part by a grant from the U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service, Historic Preservation Fund administered by the New Mexico Department of Cultural Affairs, Historic Preservation Division. The project received federal fi nancial assistance for the identification, protection, and/or rehabilitation of historic properties and cultural resources in the State of New Mexico. However, the contents and opinions in this publication do not necessarily reflect the views of policies of the U.S. Department of the Interior, nor does this publication constitute endorsement or recommendation by the U.S. Department of the Interior. Under Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and Section 504 of the rehabilitation Act of 1973, the U.S. Department of the Interior prohibits discrimination on the basis of race, color, national origin, or disability in its federally assisted programs. If you believe that you have been discriminated against in any program, activity or facility as described above, or if you desire further information, please write to: Office of Equal Opportunity, U.S. Department of Interior, 1849 C Street, NW, Washington, D.C. 20240 N E W M E X I C O e an iL l va Ri siqu le E Cal TAOS WALKING MAP el ive Dr a ns er Str ee t od Cam ino de Th e la P l acit Taos contains a number of national and state Cam ino de mo im or aS tre et om eC rd lve Va Be l Pu eblo Highlighting Historical Architectural Styles landmarks testimonial to the rich and complex Folk Territorial 1880 - 1910 Hispanic Vernacular 1780 - 1910 Mission Revival 1899 - 1930 Mo nte cultural history of Taos. It also contains many different styles of architecture; beginning cit oL an e with the Taos Pueblo (Classical, pre-1275, Lu Bro et oks o La ne et de lP ue blo No rte tan Stre Pa s eo rive ican Vernacular Style popular locally from ne e La eP Hin d nd ne La e an Period, 1598-1848, then Hispanic / New Mex- Hal lD lac Tow n eo zL ne ne La rti ia ar ad Am M Ma subsequent Pueblo V and Spanish Colonial Mon Sec re St to be constructed around 1350 through the o La nd ne and Pueblo IV Period, 1275-1598) believed Cle ve la 1780-1910; the Territorial Style, 1846-1912, the Las Milp as de la P arty the Spanish Pueblo Revival 1910, followed Mby r’s L a tre et Camin o Ma nz an (1908 to present) and Territorial Revival (1945 B Street to the present). Otherenthistoric styles include the lP de ne La oo n Lan e Las C ruces Road e Lan Var gas Quesnel Street styles in and around Taos Plaza. De styles. This map will locate and describe those e c an m Co Lan ical understanding of architectural forms and he De Tev es eet ux Str Ledo e Dr ag d uce Ojitos Road Ro a elements of each building leading to a histor- Spr yR oad Hat che r Ra Ran S. Plaza e Lan rts et ad os Ro nchit ue blo ne oad os R chit laza Kit Ca contained in the There are subtle visual clues rso n La tre Pa se o Placit e a rad Mo Rob e io S MissionN. PRevival Style(1899-1930). an Paseo del Pueblo Sur ton ita aL zar Roa d Territorial Revival 1945 to present An ar Sala Spanish Pueblo Revival 1938 to present Ro s Camin o de la Lo nit Bungalow/Craftsman Style (1907-1930) and a t Str ee ma Jua La Folk Territorial 1880 - 1910 Don Fernando Street Lan re et St Va lv er de San ne No rte Spanish Pueblo Revival 1908 to present sS Folk Victorian / Queen Anne 1880 - 1910 are Hispanic Vernacular 1780 - 1910 lacita Folk Territorial (Folk Victorian) Style, 1880- iL l va Ri siqu le E Cal TAOS WALKING MAP Bungalow / Craftsman Bungalow / Craftsman Cam ino de t tre et Str ee Folk FolkTerritorial Territorial Th e la P l acit ive Dr a ns er or aS mo im od om eC rd lve Va Be l Pu eblo el LEGEND Cam ino de Folk / S-P Revival FolkTerritorial Territorial / S-P Revival Mo nte cit oL Folk / Territorial RevivalRevival FolkTerritorial Territorial / Territorial an e Hispanic HispanicVernacular Vernacular Hispanic / S-P/Revival HispanicVernacular Vernacular S-P Revival re St et oks Mon blo ue o La Stre ne et Mission MissionRevival Revival lP de La nd eP Cle ve la Hin d e New Vernacular NewMexico Mexico Vernacular Mar tyr’s Camin o as Northern New Mexico S-P Revival New Mexico / S-P /Revival Queen QueenAnne Anne 7 lacita de la P et tre sS are Milp Spanish Pueblo Revival S-P Revival Lan e S-P / Mission S-PRevival Revival / Mission Ma nz an Las No rte ue blo lP de ne La oo n Territorial / New Mexico Vernacular Territorial / New Mexico Vernacular Dr ag Ro a Lan e d e ne La ite nte Road Pe n Las C ruces Lan 5 Var gas Quesnel Street e rts on e a Pa se o Ca rs De Ojitos Road Kit e ch an m Co Territorial Revival Territorial Revival Lan ad o itos R h Ranc eet ux Str Ledo 6 Lan 2 1 Territorial Territorial e Lan uce Ribak Ran d Roa a rad Mo Spr 3 os chit S. Plaza Style S-P / Territorial / N. New S-PRevival Revival / Territorial / N.Mexico New Mexico et De Tev es S t ee tr et Bent Stre Rob e tre N. Pla za Paseo del Pueblo Sur io S yR oad de er lv Va ton ne Hat che r ad An e La zar Roa d a Ro ita Sala San ar an Camin o de la La omit Ro s aL Placit t Str ee nit Lo e an La L Don Fernando Street Jua ma oL im n ro Ge Va lv er de St re et 4 Style Mission / Bungalow MissionRevival / Bungalow Style eo Pa s ne e e rive an oL jill Hal lD lac ne La an u Tr Tow n eo zL ne ne La rti ia ar ad Am M Ma No rte tan Hispanic / Territorial HispanicVernacular Vernacular / Territorial Sec o La nd ne Lu Bro Lan Camin e No rte Bent Str eet eo de lP ue e nL an oo e Tev es Lan Folk Territorial 114 Padre Martinez Spanish Pueblo Revival 105 West Plaza Spanish Pueblo Revival / Mission 108 South Plaza e Hispanic Verncular / Territorial 208 Ranchitos Hispanic Verncular / Territorial 208 Ranchitos Las C ruces Territorial Revival 102 Padre Martinez Road Folk Territorial 106-108 Padre Martinez Var gas Spr uce t Lan e Lan Quesnel Stree De d e Ro a Elements: Massive room blocks, flat earth roofs supported by wood logs, vigas protruding through the wall plane, stepped wall buttresses, limited fenestration, small tiny window openings, low door openings, multi-light casement and double-hung openings, stepped back second-story terraces, adobe, rubble mud plaster and exposed wood lintels Lan on Territorial Revival 120 Camino de la Placita rts Ca rs Rob e Spanish Pueblo Revival 121 North Plaza he c an m Co 1 Dr ag Kit De L S. Plaza Paseo del Pueblo Sur Road reet x St edou N. Pl aza Pa s de la P lacita Camin o ad Ro itos h Classical and Pueblo IV Period Styles, pre-1598 to the present, include the architecture of the Puebloan peoples and is the foundation for the predominant architectural style ne in New Mexico, the Spanish Pueblo Revival Style. The original Pueblo Style was derived da La ora from construction using available materials, stone, adobe, wood logs and twigs, andM earth. The modular room, limited in size by the characteristics of these materials, was multiplied to create multi-storied villages and contiguous linear “L” shaped, rectangular and “u” shaped structures. The pueblo people constructed their dwellings using a form of puddled mud blocks or stone laid in mud mortar. When the Spaniards introduced sun dried mud brick, or adobe; this new construction material spread quickly. The newer villages, promulgated by the Spaniard Colonists and missionaries, were sometimes built on top of earlier dwellings and sacred spaces. blo o Street anc Taos Plaza Spanish Pueblo Revival 104 Padre Martinez yR oad Ojitos Road Spanish Pueblo Revival 222 Ledoux Street, Blumenshein Studio La ne Spanish Pueblo Revival 222 Ledoux Street, Blumenshein Studio Spanish Pueblo Revival 238 Ledoux Street, Harwood Museum Lan e Tev es a m Co Fenestration was limited, although most of buildings of this style have had windows added in the course of remodeling. The simple ornamentation is limited to corbel brackets and zapatas used as capitals in portals, protruding vigas as roof structure, roughhewn panel doors and window grilles. e h nc e Lan 2 rts o n R Colonial Period/Pueblo Spanish Style 1598-1848 was Pueblo V Period/Spanish oa colonists traveling from Mexico to the new territory brought to New Mexico by the Spanish d of New Mexico. The basic building technology of stone, log and adobe walls covered by flat roofs of wood and dirt were adapted from the Pueblo designs. However, metal tools introduced by the colonists made simple wood ornamentation, wood doors and windows, and the use of larger beams for wider rooms possible. The rooms were laid out in-line contiguous room structure surrounding an open area. Portals were also introduced. Foundations were of stone laid in mud mortar or no foundations at all. De L Ca rs Rob e reet x St edou Ledoux Street / Ranchitos Road Kit Paseo del Pueblo h c Ran S. Plaza Sur oad R s ito N. Pl aza Dr ag oo n Camin o de ne Pa se o la Pla La her ita Hat c an Q uedesign snelhad Straesala, The residential et or single large rectangular room forming the starting point. It was used for cooking, bathing, sleeping, entertaining. Other rooms were added in linear fashion to the sala. Often, uses of spaces would change depending on the season. Common Construction Materials and Character Defining Features: Flat earth roofs supported by wood logs, covered with split wood latillas, vigas protruding through the wall plane, stepped wall buttresses, multi-light casement and double hung windows, adobe construction, portals, vigas, canale, corbel brackets (zapatas) Spanish Pueblo Revival 222 Ledoux Street, Blumenshein Studio Spanish Pueblo Revival 203 Ledoux Street Las C ruces Road Spanish Pueblo Revival 118 Camino de la Placita io S et e tr tre S Ribak et oad R s o t chi Ran Sala Va ton Folk Territorial 108A San Antonio Street Hispanic Vernacular 112 San Antonio Street New Mexico Vernacular San Antonio de Padua La Loma Plaza Spanish Pueblo Revival 102 La Loma Plaza S. Plaza Elements: Adobe construction, portals, vigas, corbels, narrow buildings, wood shingles in gable, influence of hippedOjitos box Road Spanish Pueblo Revival/Hispanic Vernacular 104-112 La Loma Street Pa s la Plac ita Camin o de Hispanic Vernacular Style (1780-1900) covers modest, linear, and flat roofed, owner-built houses through approximately 1950 and includes most early construction in Taos. Typically, in the NM Spanish tradition, houses had single-fi le plans that reflected their room-at-a-time evolution, flat roofs covered with adobe or corrugated metal, adobe walls and in some cases d single-file room had its own exterior aeach o horizontal or vertical (jacal) log construction. Often R os constructed, the houses’ footprint may have door and, after the first 3 or 4 rooms c had hitbeen n RaIn some cases the Spanish ideal of a full courtyard house evolved into an L-shape or U-shape. was achieved in this manner. In the traditional evolution, pitched egable t roofs were later added e r t S above the flat roofs (often called New Mexican Vernacular). ux Gabled roofs sometimes hipped or Ledo metal, mud plaster and cement plaster with hipped sections covered with terne or corrugated walls, often with a porch extending along the front façade, simple wooden porch posts, e dormers, chdoors and n brick chimneys, with one over one or four panel or one light over three panel wood ma double-hung wood windows with simple wood trim, with little or no ornamentation. o C 3 N. Pl aza Spanish Pueblo Revival/Hispanic Vernacular 124 La Loma Street ur e rd e lv An ne e Paseo del Pueblo S ad La La Loma Plaza an yR oad a Ro ita Roa d omit San ar zar La L Ro s aL her ma La e Lo an nit Hat c St oL m ni Jua Recent Spanish Pueblo Revival Hispanic Vernacular 107 La Loma Street Spanish Pueblo Revival/Hispanic Vernacular 104-112 La Loma Street Hispanic Vernacular La Loma Plaza Cle Mar tyr’s Lan Spanish Pueblo Revival style, 1908 to present, is named for the two cultures which contributed to its development. Original versions of this style, still being built in the end of the 19th Century, particularly in Pueblos and Hispanic villages, were models for the revival style. So successful was the revival of the Spanish Pueblo Style, it continues to be one of two most popular styles constructed in larger communities of New Mexico today. Historic styles ordinances passed in Santa Fe and Taos are based on preserving and building in this and the Territorial Revival Style. e Bent Str eet blo No rte Elements: Flat roof, corbel brackets, projecting vigas, recessed setback and massing, exposed lintels, rounded parapets, battered walls, wood corbel brackets and zapatas used as capitals in portals, rough hewn panel doors and window grilles, battered or rounded corners and parapets, sharp, then stepping buttresses, wood canales (scuppers),nrectangular, e a L “L” shaped, linear, “U” shaped and courtyard centered plans, front portals a(porches), corner rad o fireplaces, and modular square rooms M de Hispanic Vernacular / Spanish Pueblo Revival 133 Paseo del Pueblo Norte eo Territorial Revival style, 1945 to present: Found mainly in New Mexico, the Territorial Revival Style followed in the wake of the popular Spanish-Pueblo Revival Style. It is a revival of the Provincial Greek Revival or Territorial Style of c. 1846-80. It incorporates most of the decorative elements of the Territorial Style including true divided light wood windows and four-panel wood doors, stuccoed walls, brick coping, square columns with molding capitals. Ro a Lan e d t Mission Revival 122 Paseo del Pueblo Norte Mission Revival 125 Paseo del Pueblo Norte Hispanic Vernacular / Spanish Pueblo Revival / Mission Revival 136 Paseo del Pueblo Norte ne Quesnel Stree New Mexcio Vernacular 122 Paseo del Pueblo Norte ce L Hispanic Vernacular / Spanish Pueblo Revival 117 Bent Street pru Territorial 120 Bent Street ane Tev es Rob erts on Spanish Pueblo Revival, 115 Civic Plaza Drive Dr ag Ca rs oo nL an e Pa s Kit De m Co lP ue he c an S. Plaza lo Sur lacita de la P Camin o reet ux St N. Pl aza 4 Lan e Camin o de la P la cita Bent Street or t blo N ue ra lP Mo Pa se o de ta Ro a e d 5 Lan In remote areas, the Territorial Style continued well into the 20th Century. Regional variations of wood ornamentation developed which elaborated on simple Greek and Gothic Revival details. Local builders added invented elements to them. Applying hand saw, jig saw, molding plane, and miter box to milled lumber, isolated carpenters developed distinctive individual styles. Local surveys help to pinpoint these styles and identify some of the carpenters. e Spanish Pueblo Revival/Hispanic Vernacular 108 Quesnel Street Lan on rts Ca rs Folk Territorial (Folk Victorian) 1880-1920 This style was made possible by the advent of the railroad. Common forms are “L” shaped, rectangular and square with steeply pitched roofs. The style is defined by the presence of Victorian decorative detailing on simple folk or vernacular house forms, which are generally much less elaborate than the Victorian styles. The details are usually of either Italianate or Queen Anne inspiration; occasionally the Gothic Revival influence is seen. Rob e Kit Dr ag oo S. Plaza nL an e N. Pl aza e Kit Carson Lan Road / Quesnel Street da Tev es Elements: Adobe buildings with pitched roof, inventive decoration of posts and doors, shingles in gable; Queen Anne elements: lather turned columns, wrap around porch, shingles in gable Territorial 113 Kit Carson Road Territorial 113 Kit Carson Road Spanish Pueblo Revival 114 Kit Carson Road Hispanic Vernacular 122 Kit Carson Road Folk Territorial 109 Des Georges Lane Hispanic Vernacular/Spanish Pueblo Revival 146 Kit Carson Road ite nte La n e Queen Anne 101 Des Georges Lane Pe n Road Var gas Las C ruces De uce t Lan e Lan Quesnel Stree e Territorial Elements: Brick coping, molding capitals, pedimented lentils, dentil courses, classical portico Spr Paseo del Pueblo Sur De e Hispanic Vernacular/Spanish Pueblo Revival 119 Quesnel Street Folk Territorial 111 Quesnel Street Dragoon Lane / Mabel Dodge da ora e Lan nL an e M Bungalow/Craftsman Style 1907-1930 A very popular early 20th Century alternative to the Classical and other Period Revival styles was the Bungalow/Craftsman Style. The typical bungalow house form is a one or a one-and-a-half story rectangular gable-roofed rectangular mass with a prominent, gabled or incised front porch, often full width. It typically incorporates materials in close to their rustic or natural state: rock faced or undressed stone, cobblestone, shingle siding and earth-toned color schemes, and emphasizes structural details. The best examples skillfully contrast a variety of materials. e Lan Lan Spanish Pueblo/Hispanic Vernacular 119 Dragoon Lane Morada near Mabel Dodge Luhan House Spanish Pueblo Revival, 335 Penetente Lane Pe n ite nte La ne ane De Road Var gas L uce Spr Las C ruces Tony Lujan/Victor Higgins House Spanish Pueblo Revival, 239 Morada Lane Elements: One or one and half stories, rectangular, gable roofed form, exposed wood and structural wood decorative detailing (Craftsman style) including porch railings, rafters, beams, purlins, barge boards or knee brace brackets, shingle cladding, rustic local stone e De Tev es Rob e rts Lan e Dr ag oo In NM, the small bungalow, often little more than a cottage or cabin, was typically a front-gable form with a gabled porch of less than full width and with a distinctive floor plan that it shared with Mission, Pueblo, Mediterranean and Modernistic Styles. The plan is closely associated with the rapid growth of the middle class and the rise of a more informal life style just before and after the First World War. The house is organized with the public spaces to one side and the private ones to the other. Additions are usually added to the rear of the building. Inside, a broad opening separates the living and dining rooms – often screened by a pair of low, built-in bookcases and full-height piers. 6 Mission Revival Style 110 Dragoon Lane Spanish Pueblo Revival 228 Morada Lane Mabel Dodge Luhan House Spanish Pueblo Revival, 240 Morada Lane Mabel Dodge Luhan House Spanish Pueblo Revival, 240 Morada Lane Mabel Dodge Luhan House Spanish Pueblo Revival, 240 Morada Lane el P ueb lo no d t Cam i Str ee tre et er Cam ino de Th la P laci e riv ta D ns mo om eC im eo do ra S rd lve Va Be Paseo del Pueblo Norte Mo nte cit oL e re St t rte No blo ue Stre et ne La nd Las Milp as Mar tyr’s Lan e da ne La e Spanish Pueblo Revival 227 Paseo del Pueblo Norte Spanish Pueblo Revival/Mission 215 Paseo del Pueblo Norte e Lan ane Tev es d De e ch an m Co Ro a Lan on rts Ca rs Rob e Kit Spanish Pueblo Revival 212 Paseo del Pueblo Norte eet e Lan oo n S. Plaza Pa s N. Pla za eo de lP ra Mo Dr ag Camin o de la P lacita ue blo No Bent Str eet rte Camin o de la P lacita Cle ve la Hin d eP lac ne e Pa s eo de rive Red tile roofs and light colored stuccoed walls are its trademarks and usually there is at least one aperture emphasized by a round-arched opening or picturesque grouping of windows, Often tile is restricted to porches or parapets which front otherwise flat roofs, and in some case; the tile is in fact a pressed metal imitation. Most often a residential style, the larger examples make frequent use of wood or wrought iron balcony railings and window grilles. Also ornamental decoration of cast stone such as twisted columns or door frames are applied to the faces. Elements: Curvilinear parapet, rounded openings, red tile roof, white or earth tone smooth plastered stucco walls, thick walls sometimes with nichos, arcades, arched windows and entrances, low pitched predominantly tiled roofs lP nH all D o La e Sec nd oks tan an o La ne Lu Bro Mon Mission Revival 1899-1930 An early indication of the revival of interest in the Spanish Colonial heritage of the American Southwest, the Mission Style was first promoted by the Atchison, Topeka, and Santa Fe Railroad (AT&SFRR) and it grew in popularity in New Mexico. It was the AT&SF’s official style for their stations and resort hotels. Its design was heavily influenced by California’s early Spanish missions. 7 Spanish Pueblo Revival 412 Paseo del Pueblo Norte Spanish Pueblo Revival 412 Paseo del Pueblo Norte Simplified Fachwerk 215 Beimer Avenue
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