Architectural Walking Map

A special thanks to Gayla Bechtol, AIA of Gayla
Bechtol Architect, Santa Fe, NM. She provided the
content, overall design, and photographs. The definitions of the styles are taken from the following
documents: The Town of Taos HOZ code, Taos
Valley Architecture 16.16.220.5 and NMDOT
Technical Series 2010-1 Roadside Architecture
and Objects in New Mexico by Laurel Wallace,
December 2011 and NM Historic Preservation
Division HCPI Instruction Manuals from 1980
and 10/25/2013.
The Honorable Dan Barrone, Mayor
Rick Bellis, Town Manager
Town of Taos Council
Council Member Judy Cantu
Council Member Nathaniel Evans
Council Member Darien Fernandez
Council Member Fritz Hahn
Town of Taos, NM
400 Camino de la Placita
Taos, NM 87571
575-758-2002
taos.org / taosgov.com
Lynda Perry, Grants Director
Louis Fineberg, Planning and Zoning Director
John Miller, Senior Planner
Karina Armijo, Marketing Director/
Graphic Design
TAOS
Walking Map
of Historical
Architectural
Styles
Copyright 2016 Town of Taos
This project has been funded in part by a grant from the
U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service,
Historic Preservation Fund administered by the New
Mexico Department of Cultural Affairs, Historic Preservation Division. The project received federal fi nancial
assistance for the identification, protection, and/or rehabilitation of historic properties and cultural resources
in the State of New Mexico. However, the contents and
opinions in this publication do not necessarily reflect
the views of policies of the U.S. Department of the Interior, nor does this publication constitute endorsement
or recommendation by the U.S. Department of the Interior. Under Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and
Section 504 of the rehabilitation Act of 1973, the U.S.
Department of the Interior prohibits discrimination on
the basis of race, color, national origin, or disability in
its federally assisted programs. If you believe that you
have been discriminated against in any program, activity
or facility as described above, or if you desire further
information, please write to: Office of Equal Opportunity, U.S. Department of Interior, 1849 C Street, NW,
Washington, D.C. 20240
N E W
M E X I C O
e
an
iL
l
va
Ri
siqu
le E
Cal
TAOS WALKING MAP
el
ive
Dr
a
ns
er
Str
ee
t
od
Cam
ino
de
Th
e
la P
l
acit
Taos contains a number of national and state
Cam
ino
de
mo
im
or
aS
tre
et
om
eC
rd
lve
Va
Be
l Pu
eblo
Highlighting Historical Architectural Styles
landmarks testimonial to the rich and complex
Folk Territorial 1880 - 1910
Hispanic Vernacular 1780 - 1910
Mission Revival 1899 - 1930
Mo
nte
cultural history of Taos. It also contains many
different styles of architecture; beginning
cit
oL
an
e
with the Taos Pueblo (Classical, pre-1275,
Lu
Bro
et
oks
o La
ne
et
de
lP
ue
blo
No
rte
tan
Stre
Pa
s
eo
rive
ican Vernacular Style popular locally from
ne
e
La
eP
Hin
d
nd
ne
La
e
an
Period, 1598-1848, then Hispanic / New Mex-
Hal
lD
lac
Tow
n
eo
zL
ne
ne
La
rti
ia
ar
ad
Am
M
Ma
subsequent Pueblo V and Spanish Colonial
Mon
Sec
re
St
to be constructed around 1350 through the
o La
nd
ne
and Pueblo IV Period, 1275-1598) believed
Cle
ve
la
1780-1910; the Territorial Style, 1846-1912, the
Las
Milp
as
de la P
arty the Spanish Pueblo Revival
1910, followed Mby
r’s L
a
tre
et
Camin
o
Ma
nz
an
(1908 to present) and Territorial Revival (1945
B
Street
to the present). Otherenthistoric
styles include the
lP
de
ne
La
oo
n
Lan
e
Las C
ruces
Road
e
Lan
Var
gas
Quesnel Street
styles in and around Taos Plaza.
De
styles. This map will locate and describe those
e
c
an
m
Co
Lan
ical understanding of architectural forms and
he
De
Tev
es
eet
ux Str
Ledo
e
Dr
ag
d
uce
Ojitos Road
Ro
a
elements of each building leading to a histor-
Spr
yR
oad
Hat
che
r
Ra
Ran
S. Plaza
e
Lan
rts
et
ad
os Ro
nchit
ue
blo
ne
oad
os R
chit
laza
Kit
Ca contained in the
There are subtle visual clues
rso
n
La
tre
Pa
se
o
Placit
e
a
rad
Mo
Rob
e
io S
MissionN. PRevival Style(1899-1930).
an
Paseo del Pueblo
Sur
ton
ita
aL
zar
Roa
d
Territorial Revival 1945 to present
An
ar
Sala
Spanish Pueblo Revival 1938 to present
Ro
s
Camin
o de la
Lo
nit
Bungalow/Craftsman Style (1907-1930) and
a
t
Str
ee
ma
Jua
La
Folk Territorial 1880 - 1910
Don Fernando Street
Lan
re
et
St
Va
lv
er
de
San
ne
No
rte
Spanish Pueblo Revival 1908 to present
sS
Folk Victorian / Queen Anne 1880 - 1910
are
Hispanic Vernacular 1780 - 1910
lacita
Folk Territorial (Folk Victorian) Style, 1880-
iL
l
va
Ri
siqu
le E
Cal
TAOS WALKING MAP
Bungalow
/ Craftsman
Bungalow
/ Craftsman
Cam
ino
de
t
tre
et
Str
ee
Folk
FolkTerritorial
Territorial
Th
e
la P
l
acit
ive
Dr
a
ns
er
or
aS
mo
im
od
om
eC
rd
lve
Va
Be
l Pu
eblo
el
LEGEND
Cam
ino
de
Folk
/ S-P
Revival
FolkTerritorial
Territorial
/ S-P
Revival
Mo
nte
cit
oL
Folk
/ Territorial
RevivalRevival
FolkTerritorial
Territorial
/ Territorial
an
e
Hispanic
HispanicVernacular
Vernacular
Hispanic
/ S-P/Revival
HispanicVernacular
Vernacular
S-P Revival
re
St
et
oks
Mon
blo
ue
o La
Stre
ne
et
Mission
MissionRevival
Revival
lP
de
La
nd
eP
Cle
ve
la
Hin
d
e
New
Vernacular
NewMexico
Mexico
Vernacular
Mar
tyr’s
Camin
o
as
Northern
New Mexico
S-P Revival
New Mexico
/ S-P /Revival
Queen
QueenAnne
Anne
7
lacita
de la P
et
tre
sS
are
Milp
Spanish
Pueblo Revival
S-P Revival
Lan
e
S-P
/ Mission
S-PRevival
Revival
/ Mission
Ma
nz
an
Las
No
rte
ue
blo
lP
de
ne
La
oo
n
Territorial
/ New
Mexico
Vernacular
Territorial
/ New
Mexico
Vernacular
Dr
ag
Ro
a
Lan
e
d
e
ne
La
ite
nte
Road
Pe
n
Las C
ruces
Lan
5
Var
gas
Quesnel Street
e
rts
on
e
a
Pa
se
o
Ca
rs
De
Ojitos Road
Kit
e
ch
an
m
Co
Territorial
Revival
Territorial
Revival
Lan
ad
o
itos R
h
Ranc
eet
ux Str
Ledo
6
Lan
2
1
Territorial
Territorial
e
Lan
uce
Ribak
Ran
d
Roa
a
rad
Mo
Spr
3
os
chit
S. Plaza
Style
S-P
/ Territorial
/ N. New
S-PRevival
Revival
/ Territorial
/ N.Mexico
New Mexico
et
De
Tev
es
S
t
ee
tr
et
Bent Stre
Rob
e
tre
N. Pla
za
Paseo del Pueblo
Sur
io S
yR
oad
de
er
lv
Va
ton
ne
Hat
che
r
ad
An
e
La
zar
Roa
d
a Ro
ita
Sala
San
ar
an
Camin
o de la
La
omit
Ro
s
aL
Placit
t
Str
ee
nit
Lo
e
an
La L
Don Fernando Street
Jua
ma
oL
im
n
ro
Ge
Va
lv
er
de
St
re
et
4
Style
Mission
/ Bungalow
MissionRevival
/ Bungalow
Style
eo
Pa
s
ne
e
e
rive
an
oL
jill
Hal
lD
lac
ne
La
an
u
Tr
Tow
n
eo
zL
ne
ne
La
rti
ia
ar
ad
Am
M
Ma
No
rte
tan
Hispanic
/ Territorial
HispanicVernacular
Vernacular
/ Territorial
Sec
o La
nd
ne
Lu
Bro
Lan
Camin
e
No
rte
Bent Str
eet
eo
de
lP
ue
e
nL
an
oo
e
Tev
es
Lan
Folk Territorial
114 Padre Martinez
Spanish Pueblo Revival
105 West Plaza
Spanish Pueblo Revival / Mission
108 South Plaza
e
Hispanic Verncular / Territorial
208 Ranchitos
Hispanic Verncular / Territorial
208 Ranchitos
Las C
ruces
Territorial Revival
102 Padre Martinez
Road
Folk Territorial
106-108 Padre Martinez
Var
gas
Spr
uce
t
Lan
e
Lan
Quesnel Stree
De
d
e
Ro
a
Elements: Massive room blocks, flat earth roofs supported by wood logs, vigas
protruding through the wall plane, stepped wall buttresses, limited fenestration, small tiny
window openings, low door openings, multi-light casement and double-hung openings,
stepped back second-story terraces, adobe, rubble mud plaster and exposed wood lintels
Lan
on
Territorial Revival
120 Camino de la Placita
rts
Ca
rs
Rob
e
Spanish Pueblo Revival
121 North Plaza
he
c
an
m
Co
1
Dr
ag
Kit
De
L
S. Plaza
Paseo del Pueblo
Sur
Road
reet
x St
edou
N. Pl
aza
Pa
s
de la P
lacita
Camin
o
ad
Ro
itos
h
Classical and Pueblo IV Period Styles, pre-1598 to the present, include the architecture of the Puebloan peoples and is the foundation for the predominant architectural style
ne
in New Mexico, the Spanish Pueblo Revival Style. The original Pueblo Style was derived da La
ora
from construction using available materials, stone, adobe, wood logs and twigs, andM
earth.
The modular room, limited in size by the characteristics of these materials, was multiplied to
create multi-storied villages and contiguous linear “L” shaped, rectangular and “u” shaped
structures. The pueblo people constructed their dwellings using a form of puddled mud
blocks or stone laid in mud mortar. When the Spaniards introduced sun dried mud brick, or
adobe; this new construction material spread quickly. The newer villages, promulgated by the
Spaniard Colonists and missionaries, were sometimes built on top of earlier dwellings and
sacred spaces.
blo
o Street
anc
Taos Plaza
Spanish Pueblo Revival
104 Padre Martinez
yR
oad
Ojitos Road
Spanish Pueblo Revival
222 Ledoux Street, Blumenshein Studio
La
ne
Spanish Pueblo Revival
222 Ledoux Street, Blumenshein Studio
Spanish Pueblo Revival
238 Ledoux Street, Harwood Museum
Lan
e
Tev
es
a
m
Co
Fenestration was limited, although most of buildings of this style have had windows added in the course of remodeling. The simple ornamentation is limited to corbel brackets and
zapatas used as capitals in portals, protruding vigas as roof structure, roughhewn panel doors
and window grilles.
e
h
nc
e
Lan
2
rts
o
n R Colonial Period/Pueblo Spanish Style 1598-1848 was
Pueblo V Period/Spanish
oa colonists traveling from Mexico to the new territory
brought to New Mexico by the Spanish
d
of New Mexico. The basic building technology of stone, log and adobe walls covered by
flat roofs of wood and dirt were adapted from the Pueblo designs. However, metal tools
introduced by the colonists made simple wood ornamentation, wood doors and windows, and
the use of larger beams for wider rooms possible. The rooms were laid out in-line contiguous
room structure surrounding an open area. Portals were also introduced. Foundations were of
stone laid in mud mortar or no foundations at all.
De
L
Ca
rs
Rob
e
reet
x St
edou
Ledoux Street / Ranchitos Road
Kit
Paseo del Pueblo
h
c
Ran
S. Plaza
Sur
oad
R
s
ito
N. Pl
aza
Dr
ag
oo
n
Camin
o de
ne
Pa
se
o
la Pla
La
her
ita
Hat
c
an
Q
uedesign
snelhad
Straesala,
The residential
et or single large rectangular room forming the starting
point. It was used for cooking, bathing, sleeping, entertaining. Other rooms were added in
linear fashion to the sala. Often, uses of spaces would change depending on the season.
Common Construction Materials and Character Defining Features: Flat earth roofs
supported by wood logs, covered with split wood latillas, vigas protruding through the
wall plane, stepped wall buttresses, multi-light casement and double hung windows, adobe
construction, portals, vigas, canale, corbel brackets (zapatas)
Spanish Pueblo Revival
222 Ledoux Street, Blumenshein Studio
Spanish Pueblo Revival
203 Ledoux Street
Las C
ruces
Road
Spanish Pueblo Revival
118 Camino de la Placita
io S
et
e
tr
tre
S
Ribak
et
oad
R
s
o
t
chi
Ran
Sala
Va
ton
Folk Territorial
108A San Antonio Street
Hispanic Vernacular
112 San Antonio Street
New Mexico Vernacular
San Antonio de Padua La Loma Plaza
Spanish Pueblo Revival
102 La Loma Plaza
S. Plaza
Elements: Adobe construction, portals, vigas, corbels, narrow buildings, wood shingles in
gable, influence of hippedOjitos
box
Road
Spanish Pueblo Revival/Hispanic Vernacular
104-112 La Loma Street
Pa
s
la Plac
ita
Camin
o de
Hispanic Vernacular Style (1780-1900) covers modest, linear, and flat roofed, owner-built
houses through approximately 1950 and includes most early construction in Taos. Typically,
in the NM Spanish tradition, houses had single-fi le plans that reflected their room-at-a-time
evolution, flat roofs covered with adobe or corrugated metal, adobe walls and in some cases
d single-file room had its own exterior
aeach
o
horizontal or vertical (jacal) log construction. Often
R
os constructed, the houses’ footprint may have
door and, after the first 3 or 4 rooms c
had
hitbeen
n
RaIn some cases the Spanish ideal of a full courtyard house
evolved into an L-shape or U-shape.
was achieved in this manner. In the traditional evolution, pitched egable
t roofs were later added
e
r
t
S
above the flat roofs (often called New Mexican Vernacular).
ux Gabled roofs sometimes hipped or
Ledo metal, mud plaster and cement plaster
with hipped sections covered with terne or corrugated
walls, often with a porch extending along the front façade, simple wooden porch posts, e
dormers,
chdoors and
n
brick chimneys, with one over one or four panel or one light over three panel wood
ma
double-hung wood windows with simple wood trim, with little or no ornamentation.
o
C
3
N. Pl
aza
Spanish Pueblo Revival/Hispanic Vernacular
124 La Loma Street
ur
e
rd
e
lv
An
ne
e
Paseo del Pueblo
S
ad
La
La Loma Plaza
an
yR
oad
a Ro
ita
Roa
d
omit
San
ar
zar
La L
Ro
s
aL
her
ma
La
e
Lo
an
nit
Hat
c
St
oL
m
ni
Jua
Recent Spanish Pueblo Revival
Hispanic Vernacular
107 La Loma Street
Spanish Pueblo Revival/Hispanic Vernacular
104-112 La Loma Street
Hispanic Vernacular
La Loma Plaza
Cle
Mar
tyr’s
Lan
Spanish Pueblo Revival style, 1908 to present, is named for the two cultures which
contributed to its development. Original versions of this style, still being built in the end of
the 19th Century, particularly in Pueblos and Hispanic villages, were models for the revival
style. So successful was the revival of the Spanish Pueblo Style, it continues to be one of two
most popular styles constructed in larger communities of New Mexico today. Historic styles
ordinances passed in Santa Fe and Taos are based on preserving and building in this and the
Territorial Revival Style.
e
Bent Str
eet
blo
No
rte
Elements: Flat roof, corbel brackets, projecting vigas, recessed setback and massing,
exposed lintels, rounded parapets, battered walls, wood corbel brackets and zapatas used
as capitals in portals, rough hewn panel doors and window grilles, battered or rounded
corners and parapets, sharp, then stepping buttresses, wood canales (scuppers),nrectangular,
e
a
L
“L” shaped, linear, “U” shaped and courtyard centered plans, front portals
a(porches), corner
rad
o
fireplaces, and modular square rooms
M
de
Hispanic Vernacular / Spanish Pueblo Revival
133 Paseo del Pueblo Norte
eo
Territorial Revival style, 1945 to present: Found mainly in New Mexico, the Territorial
Revival Style followed in the wake of the popular Spanish-Pueblo Revival Style. It is a revival
of the Provincial Greek Revival or Territorial Style of c. 1846-80. It incorporates most of the
decorative elements of the Territorial Style including true divided light wood windows and
four-panel wood doors, stuccoed walls, brick coping, square columns with molding capitals.
Ro
a
Lan
e
d
t
Mission Revival
122 Paseo del Pueblo Norte
Mission Revival
125 Paseo del Pueblo Norte
Hispanic Vernacular / Spanish Pueblo Revival / Mission Revival
136 Paseo del Pueblo Norte
ne
Quesnel Stree
New Mexcio Vernacular
122 Paseo del Pueblo Norte
ce
L
Hispanic Vernacular / Spanish Pueblo Revival
117 Bent Street
pru
Territorial
120 Bent Street
ane
Tev
es
Rob
erts
on
Spanish Pueblo Revival, 115 Civic Plaza Drive
Dr
ag
Ca
rs
oo
nL
an
e
Pa
s
Kit
De
m
Co
lP
ue
he
c
an
S. Plaza
lo Sur
lacita
de la P
Camin
o
reet
ux St
N. Pl
aza
4
Lan
e
Camin
o
de la P
la
cita
Bent Street
or
t
blo
N
ue
ra
lP
Mo
Pa
se
o
de
ta
Ro
a
e
d
5
Lan
In remote areas, the Territorial Style continued well into the 20th Century. Regional
variations of wood ornamentation developed which elaborated on simple Greek and Gothic
Revival details. Local builders added invented elements to them. Applying hand saw, jig saw,
molding plane, and miter box to milled lumber, isolated carpenters developed distinctive individual styles. Local surveys help to pinpoint these styles and identify some of the carpenters.
e
Spanish Pueblo Revival/Hispanic Vernacular
108 Quesnel Street
Lan
on
rts
Ca
rs
Folk Territorial (Folk Victorian) 1880-1920 This style was made possible by the advent
of the railroad. Common forms are “L” shaped, rectangular and square with steeply pitched
roofs. The style is defined by the presence of Victorian decorative detailing on simple folk or
vernacular house forms, which are generally much less elaborate than the Victorian styles.
The details are usually of either Italianate or Queen Anne inspiration; occasionally the Gothic
Revival influence is seen.
Rob
e
Kit
Dr
ag
oo
S. Plaza
nL
an
e
N. Pl
aza
e
Kit Carson
Lan Road / Quesnel Street
da
Tev
es
Elements: Adobe buildings with pitched roof, inventive decoration of posts and doors,
shingles in gable; Queen Anne elements: lather turned columns, wrap around porch, shingles
in gable
Territorial
113 Kit Carson Road
Territorial
113 Kit Carson Road
Spanish Pueblo Revival
114 Kit Carson Road
Hispanic Vernacular
122 Kit Carson Road
Folk Territorial
109 Des Georges Lane
Hispanic Vernacular/Spanish Pueblo Revival
146 Kit Carson Road
ite
nte
La
n
e
Queen Anne
101 Des Georges Lane
Pe
n
Road
Var
gas
Las C
ruces
De
uce
t
Lan
e
Lan
Quesnel Stree
e
Territorial Elements: Brick coping, molding capitals, pedimented lentils, dentil courses,
classical portico
Spr
Paseo del Pueblo
Sur
De
e
Hispanic Vernacular/Spanish Pueblo Revival
119 Quesnel Street
Folk Territorial
111 Quesnel Street
Dragoon Lane / Mabel Dodge
da
ora
e
Lan
nL
an
e
M
Bungalow/Craftsman Style 1907-1930 A very popular early 20th Century alternative to
the Classical and other Period Revival styles was the Bungalow/Craftsman Style. The typical
bungalow house form is a one or a one-and-a-half story rectangular gable-roofed rectangular
mass with a prominent, gabled or incised front porch, often full width. It typically incorporates materials in close to their rustic or natural state: rock faced or undressed stone, cobblestone, shingle siding and earth-toned color schemes, and emphasizes structural details. The
best examples skillfully contrast a variety of materials.
e
Lan
Lan
Spanish Pueblo/Hispanic Vernacular
119 Dragoon Lane
Morada near Mabel Dodge Luhan House
Spanish Pueblo Revival, 335 Penetente Lane
Pe
n
ite
nte
La
ne
ane
De
Road
Var
gas
L
uce
Spr
Las C
ruces
Tony Lujan/Victor Higgins House
Spanish Pueblo Revival, 239 Morada Lane
Elements: One or one and half stories, rectangular, gable roofed form, exposed wood
and structural wood decorative detailing (Craftsman style) including porch railings, rafters,
beams, purlins, barge boards or knee brace brackets, shingle cladding, rustic local stone
e
De
Tev
es
Rob
e
rts
Lan
e
Dr
ag
oo
In NM, the small bungalow, often little more than a cottage or cabin, was typically a
front-gable form with a gabled porch of less than full width and with a distinctive floor plan
that it shared with Mission, Pueblo, Mediterranean and Modernistic Styles. The plan is closely
associated with the rapid growth of the middle class and the rise of a more informal life style
just before and after the First World War. The house is organized with the public spaces to one
side and the private ones to the other. Additions are usually added to the rear of the building.
Inside, a broad opening separates the living and dining rooms – often screened by a pair of
low, built-in bookcases and full-height piers.
6
Mission Revival Style
110 Dragoon Lane
Spanish Pueblo Revival
228 Morada Lane
Mabel Dodge Luhan House
Spanish Pueblo Revival, 240 Morada Lane
Mabel Dodge Luhan House
Spanish Pueblo Revival, 240 Morada Lane
Mabel Dodge Luhan House
Spanish Pueblo Revival, 240 Morada Lane
el P
ueb
lo
no d
t
Cam
i
Str
ee
tre
et
er
Cam
ino
de
Th
la P
laci
e
riv
ta
D
ns
mo
om
eC
im
eo
do
ra
S
rd
lve
Va
Be
Paseo del Pueblo Norte
Mo
nte
cit
oL
e
re
St
t
rte
No
blo
ue
Stre
et
ne
La
nd
Las
Milp
as
Mar
tyr’s
Lan
e
da
ne
La
e
Spanish Pueblo Revival
227 Paseo del Pueblo Norte
Spanish Pueblo Revival/Mission
215 Paseo del Pueblo Norte
e
Lan
ane
Tev
es
d
De
e
ch
an
m
Co
Ro
a
Lan
on
rts
Ca
rs
Rob
e
Kit
Spanish Pueblo Revival
212 Paseo del Pueblo Norte
eet
e
Lan
oo
n
S. Plaza
Pa
s
N. Pla
za
eo
de
lP
ra
Mo
Dr
ag
Camin
o
de la P
lacita
ue
blo
No
Bent Str
eet
rte
Camin
o
de la P
lacita
Cle
ve
la
Hin
d
eP
lac
ne
e
Pa
s
eo
de
rive
Red tile roofs and light colored stuccoed walls are its trademarks and usually there is at
least one aperture emphasized by a round-arched opening or picturesque grouping of windows, Often tile is restricted to porches or parapets which front otherwise flat roofs, and in
some case; the tile is in fact a pressed metal imitation. Most often a residential style, the larger
examples make frequent use of wood or wrought iron balcony railings and window grilles.
Also ornamental decoration of cast stone such as twisted columns or door frames are applied
to the faces.
Elements: Curvilinear parapet, rounded openings, red tile roof, white or earth tone
smooth plastered stucco walls, thick walls sometimes with nichos, arcades, arched windows
and entrances, low pitched predominantly tiled roofs
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Mission Revival 1899-1930 An early indication of the revival of interest in the Spanish
Colonial heritage of the American Southwest, the Mission Style was first promoted by the
Atchison, Topeka, and Santa Fe Railroad (AT&SFRR) and it grew in popularity in New
Mexico. It was the AT&SF’s official style for their stations and resort hotels. Its design was
heavily influenced by California’s early Spanish missions.
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Spanish Pueblo Revival
412 Paseo del Pueblo Norte
Spanish Pueblo Revival
412 Paseo del Pueblo Norte
Simplified Fachwerk
215 Beimer Avenue