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12.1: Objectives
Ch. 12 & 13: Roaring 20’s
12.1: Post War Issues
• Stress of WWI, League of
Nations, Progressive Era &
economy all help to divide
the nation.
• Americans feared outsiders.
Gave rise to:
– Nativism – prejudice against
foreign-born people.
– Isolationism – staying out of
world affairs.
• Summarize the reaction in the
US to the perceived threat of
Communism.
• Analyze the causes and
effects of the quota system in
the US.
• Describe some of the postwar
conflicts between labor and
management.
Results of Post War Stress
Fear of Communism
• Anti-democratic, authoritarian, anti-capitalism
• Red Scare – fear the « Red’s » were taking over.
– Suspicious of foreigners & immigrants.
• Palmer Raids – Hunting suspected communists,
socialists, & anarchists.
– Trampled people’s civil rights.
• Sacco and Vanzetti – arrested for robbery &
murder and victims of Nativism.
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Limiting Immigration
• ‘‘Keep America for Americans’’
• KKK Rises Again – 1924,
membership rises to 4.5 mil.
– Due to anti-immigration, nativism
• Quota System
– Goal to limit European immigrantion
– Discriminated against Catholics, Jews,
Eastern & Southern Europe
12.2: Objectives
• Contrast Harding’s policy of
“normalcy” with progressive era
reform.
• Identify scandals that plagued the
Harding administration.
Time of Labor Unrest
• Striking workers were labeled communists
by employers
• Boston Police Strike, Steel Mill Strike & Coal
Miner’s Strike
• Union membership fell in 20’s
– Immigrants willing to work and language issue
– Farmers self-reliant
– Excluded African-Americans
12.2: Harding Presidency
• “Normalcy”
– return to pre-Progressive Era & WWI.
• Kellogg-Briand Pact
– countries reject war as national policy.
No enforcement.
• Fordney-McCumber Tariff
– raised tariffs to protect US business
– hurt Britain & France ability to pay
back US loans
– Dawes Plan – US help Germany to pay
reparations.
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Scandal Hits Presidency
Ch.12.3 Objectives
• « Ohio Gang » cabinet members who
were close friends of Presidents, caused
a lot of the scandals.
• Teapot Dome Scandal
-Summarize the reaction in the United States to the perceived
threat of communism
- Analyze the causes and effects of the quota system in the
United States
- Describe some of the postwar conflicts between labor and
management.
• Sec. Of Interior Albert Fall secretly
leased land to oil company
12.3: The Business of America
• Presidents Coolidge & Hoover kept gov’t
interference in business at a minimum & high
tariffs.
• Automible
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Backbone of American economy until 1970’s.
Contructed paved roads, Route 66.
New architectural styles, garages.
Car related businesses created.
Easier travel, liberated rural families, women
Urban sprawl – city growth
Symbol of success of free enterprise system.
• Airplane Industry
• Started as mail carrying service for
Post Office
• Charles Lindbergh & Amelia Earhart
promoted cargo & commercial
airlines.
• 1927, Pan American Airways first
transatlantic passanger flights.
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Superficial Prosperity
• Business expanded, increased
productivity
America’s Standard of Living Soars
• Increased wealth gap between workers
& managers.
• Electricity
– Factories & homes became electrified.
– Increase in electrical appliances allowed women free
time for community and leisure activities, working
outside the home.
• Farms, iron & railroad industries suffer
• Installment plan – enable people to buy
goods over an extended period of time.
• Modern Advertising
– Used psychologists to appeal to people’s desires.
• 1920’s Era of Contradictions
Ch.31.1 Objectives
13.1: Rural and Urban Differences
-Explain how urbanization created a new
way of life that often clashed with the
values of traditional rural society.
-Describe the controversy over the role of
science and religion in American education
and society in the 1900s.
Rural
• Small towns, slow pace, leisurely, conservative
values, close social relationships, same as 1800’s.
Urban –
• 1920 census, 51.2 % lived in urban areas
• Metropolis’, fast pace, liberal values, diverse
cultures, more strangers, impersonal & frightening,
competitive, ever changing.
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Prohibition Experiment
Prohibition Experiment
• 18th Amendment – Alcohol illegal
• Gov’t failed to budget money to enforce law.
• Prohibition – time when sale,
• Speakeasies hidden or secret saloons to get
manufacturing, & consumption of alcohol
was illegal.
Reformers –
Liquor cause of crime, abuse, accident on
jobs, other social problems
Supporters –
Protestants, rural south & west, Women’s
illegal liquor.
• Alcohol was allowed for medicinal &
religious purposes.
• Bootleggers – smuggler’s who sold & moved
liquor from Canada, Cuba, West Indies.
• Rise of organized crime, Al Capone in
Chicago.
Christian Temperance Movement
Science and Religion Clash
• Fundamentalists
– Protestants who believed in the literal interpretation of
the Bible.
– Skeptical of scientific discoveries & theories
– All important knowledge found in Bible.
– Rejected the Theory of Evolution
Science and Religion Clash
• Scopes Trial – fight over evolution & role of
science and religion in public schools & US society.
– March 1925, Tennessee passed first law outlawing
teaching of evolution.
– ACLU gave support to anyone willing to challene law
– John T. Scopes, young biology teacher, challenged law
– Clarence Darrow, most well known lawyer of the day,
hired to defend Scopes.
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Ch.13.2 Objectives
13.2: The Twenties Woman
• Many women began to assert their
independence, reject the values of the
-Explain how the image of the flapper
embodied the changing values and attitudes
of young women in the 1920s.
-Identify the causes and results of the
changing roles of women in the 1920s.
1800’s, & demand the same freedom as
men.
Ch. 13.3 Objectives
13.3: Educatoin and Popular Culture
-Describe the popular culture of the 1920s.
- Explain why the youth-dominated decade
came to be called the Roaring Twenties.
•The mass media, movies, and spectator sports played
important roles in creating the popular culture of the
1920’s – a culture that many artists and writers
criticized.
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Ch. 13.4 Objectives
13.4: The Harlem Renaissance
-Identify the causes and results of the
migration of African Americans to northern
cities in the early 1900s.
- Describe the prolific African-American
artistic activity that became know as the
Harlem Renaissance.
•A literary & artistic movement celebrating African –
American culture.
•African – Americans set new goals for themselves as
they moved north.
•Their attitude about themselves changed to « black is
beautiful »
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