A1
APPENDIX-I
Civilizations based on Semitic religions:
Christianity, Judaism and Islam have had a far more ambivalent attitude towards the
use of flowers than that based on other religions, such as Confucianism, Buddhism and
Hinduism.
The use of flowers not only enter into the life of civilization, but that each civilization
makes use of them in its own distinction, as offering and adornment, either directly or through
representation in variety of art forms. These variations are related to the conditions of material
life on the one hand and to religious, moral and aesthetic ideals and doctrines on the other.
Hence, the comparative study of flowers provides a point of entry into the variable and
changing relations between material life, religious beliefs and moral and aesthetic values
within and between civilizations.
The conversion to Christianity was a turning point in European civilization, and it
had its effect on the culture of flowers. The attitude to many of the traditional practices
changed, sometimes drastically, sometimes imperceptibly, partly because they were
inconsistent with Christian doctrine but also because of the taint by association with
paganism. The attitude of the early Christians to the use of flowers was luxury, ostentation,
iconic representation and a host of other subjects connected directly or indirectly, and
sometimes only very remotely, with flowers, though interesting in some respect, tends to be
long-winded. The significant point that emerges is that with the establishment of Christianity,
Europe experienced for several centuries a decline not only in the use of flowers but also in
botanical knowledge.
The role of religious doctrine in restricting the use of flowers is seen even more
clearly in the case of Islam. In the pagan civilizations of Greece and Rome, and above all, in
India, flowers were an integral part of religious worship and ceremonial, in the home as well
as the temple. Islam excluded the use of flowers from religious worship more consistently and
more continuously than Christianity. It not only excluded the use of flowers directly in
worship but also adopted a much more uncompromising attitude towards the icons and
'graven images' that were later to provide a fertile field for the representation of flowers in
medieval Christianity.
By the 12"' century 'The monastic garden contained plants of all kinds, including
flowers which supplied decoration for the altar and the church generally, as well as being used
for medicinal, spiritual and aesthetic purposes. The garden was a place of repose as well as of
A2
beauty; its flowers came to be used in services, in crowning priests, wreathing candies and
adorning slirines".'
Islam excluded flowers from the mosque, but not from the palace. Indeed, Islam
remained on the whole more tolerant of the secular uses of flowers than Christianity in its
more ascetic and puritanical phases, it is above all to Islamic civilization that we owe the
splendour of gardens, although China had an independent and somewhat different tradition of
gardens. "And we must not forget that the tulip, which raised such a storm in Europe in the
1630's, was brought there from Turkey."^
By the time of the late middle age and the renaissance, the use of flowers had again
become widespread in Europe, in the secular as well as the religious domain, in ceremonial as
well as in everyday life. But the culture of flowers did not by any means follow a smooth
course of progress thereafter. The reformation reawakened many of the old suspicions about
flowers as token of luxury and vice. The English puritans were hostile to the use of flowers as
well as to their representations in decorative art, and they carried their hostility into the New
World. But with the increasing secularization of the west, flowers came back into use again,
aided now by the growing resources of capitalist enterprise. At least as far as the advanced
societies are concerned, the market in flowers is now an international market.
The European case is interesting because of the ups and downs in the culture of
flowers that can be examined historically in some detail. India had presumably a more even
growth and development, or at least the book does not offer for India the kind of historical
account that it does for Europe. We need a great deal of careful historical investigation to be
able to say whether there have been significant breaches of continuity, where and when they
have occurred, and for what reasons. Here, as in other branches of inquiry, many dark patches
will probably remain not illuminated due to the sheer absence of historical material.
In moving from Europe to Asia, there was a significant feature of the appreciation of
flowers everywhere, namely, its association with cultural elaboration on the one hand and
social hierarchy on the other. The culture of domesticated flowers developed in societies that
were literate (in the sense of possessing a system of writing) and stratified (in relation to
productive resources), both of which facts had hierarchical effects upon culture generally and
upon the culture of flowers in particular. We know from Vatsyayana that, whatever its place
Goody,J. The Culture of Flowers, Necessities and Luxuries, Economic and Political
Weekly, June, 1993.p.l234
^
Ibid, p.1233
A3
in devotional or popular culture, the appreciation of flowers had become part of the life-style
of a highly self-conscious elite whose locus was urban rather than rural.
One of the most striking features of the culture of flowers in India has been the
presence of distinctive castes and sub-castes responsible for their production and supply. In
large temples, land was typically set aside for the maintenance of one or more families of
malis or phulmalis who had to supply flowers for worship and other ceremonial occasions.
The Muslims brought in a different variant of the culture of flowers, associated with the
palace rather than the temple, and its effects may be detected even today in the broad
variations between the north and the south.
All people irrespective of their ethnic origin, race, sex and cadre love flowers. It is for
this reason that the Society of America Florists has adopted a slogan 'say it with flowers'.
Generally, flowers are offered by devotees in temples, gurdwaras, mosques and churches.
Historical records show that the art of flower decoration was a highly developed one in
ancient India.
It is fascinating to see the floral decorations, colorful carpet designs made of petals of
different colours, shades, beautifully depicting a pattern, mostly symmetrical in the 'Onam'
festival in Kerala. Mostly women do this with flowers such as rose, marigold, tuberose, and
button rose. Further, garlands made of colourful blossoms in contrasting hues play a
prominent role in the religious and social life of people. Their presence is required in every
aspect of Hindu life - a gesture of welcome, affection, respect of celebration. Garlanding a
VIP in South India especially with a huge garland anything from 1.2m to 1.5m long and 2025 cm thick is a gorgeous sight and unique for its grace and dignity.
Cut flowers with exotic foliage are arranged in a vase to evoke a vision of beauty
indoors. They can brighten dull interiors and bring joy, life and beauty to the drab
surroundings. Ikebana, the unique Japanese art of flower arrangement, represents the cosmic
harmony between man and nature. Ikebana is a very interesting hobby and one can master it
by acquiring the knowledge of principles of arrangement with practice and patience.
Today bocks of carnations, chrysanthemum, roses, anthuriums, gladioli, orchids etc.,
are transported across the Atlantic by cargo planes to reach florists in USA, Germany, Japan,
and other countries. Though Holland is the topper in floriculture, it imports a wide variety of
flowers to meet the ever rising demand of the world market. The Dutch have also taken keen
interest in developing the infrastructure for boosting up floriculture in India.
A4
God and their Flowers:
1. Muruga: Lord Muruga has been identified as the deity of Kurunji landscape, which includes, hill,
hill forests and mountain regions. The attributed flower of this landscape is Kurinji and
the inhabitants worshipped the deity Muruga offering
Kurunji flowers. Other than these, they also used some other flowers such as Kandhal,
Kadambu, Karaveeram. They also made a garland using a kind of pachehilai (green leaf)
along with Kadamba flowers and offered it to Him. This has been clearly described by
Puranaanooru.
"Kaar narung kadambin paachilaith theriyal cuur navai Murugan " - Puram - 23
Lord Murugan is adorned with flowers strewn of green leaves. According to the
Perumbanaatrupadi, the inhabitants of the Kurunji landscape used to worship the Kadamba
tree, because it is believed as an incarnation of Lord Muruga. Thus, the Kadamba garland
became an emblem of Lord Muruga who is also addressed as Kadamba in a few literary
works.
2. Siva:
According to Puranaanooru, the Kontrai (Indian labumam / Cassia fistula) is an emblem
of Lord Siva, since He always used to wear the garland made by the flowers of Konrai tree.
"kanni kaar narun kinrai, kaamar ("'Lord Siva's beautiful colourful chest is
vanna maarbin, daarung konarai",{adorned with the strewn flower of konrai").
3. Brahma:
The earliest literature of Tamil is Perumbanaatrupadai, which describes creator Brahma,
who always stayed in the Lotus (Nelumbium speciosumm) flower. The lotus is said to have
originated from the umbilicurs (navel) of Lord Vishnu. Brahma is believed to have stayed in
that lotus itself.
4. Tirumaal:
Paripaadal, one of the Paththuppaattu described the tinged form of Lord Tirumaal. "
Lord Tirumal's abode is on blossoming flower with tuisi". Lord Tirumal has been attributed
to the Mullai landscape and associated with the characteristic flowers such as wild lily,
Kandhal and wild Jasmine. The flowers of the kaya (Memecylon heynea-num) look like His
divine tinge. The Mullai landscape is named after the fragrant mullai (jasmine/jasminum
auricultum) flower.
A5
5. Tirumagal
Kalithogai, one of the Ettuthogai, mentions that Goddess Tirumagal always stood in
the Lotus flower. Kotravai, the Goddess of war, is the distinctive deity of the Paalai
landscape. Paalai includes an arid dry sandy desert tract. The Paalai region is named after the
Paalai tree (Manilkara hexandra).
Five Gods
The author of the Kalithogai, described the flower which blooms in the mountains.
His divine precepts is to be observed with undeviating scrupulosity, the poet compares the
resemblance of the flower colour and the tinge of the Gods. Also, the colour of the flowers
awoke the attention of the poet about the five Gods. Thus, the custom of offering flowers to
deities as a sign of devotion is an age old practice as evidence by the Sangam anthologies, and
the event occupies the top most place among associated events of divine representation of
flowers.
Flowers worship in Tamil Literature:
Tamil is the oldest living Dravidian language the age old which cannot be specified.
The Sangam literature consists of Tolkappiyam and Padinenkezhkanakku (Ettuthogai and
Paththuppattu). The cultural and religious history of the Tamils in early times can be
understood only through Tolkappiyam literature. All these literatures have directed the term
"Tinai", that is the geological division of land, the ecological, traditional and prescriptive, to
precising the directions of the land; also, it denotes the distinctive mode of behaviour, social
or moral of the people of each physio-graphical division of the land, viz., Kurinji, Mullai,
Marudham, Neithal and Palai. "Of these Tinai is again laid down into 16 characters, the first
is about deity and the eleventh and twelfth are about flowers." The flowers have played a
very important socio-cultural role and socio religious role in classic anthologies. Offering of
flowers to God is common to almost in all religious celebrations from ancient times as
evidenced by the anthology. M. Amirthalingam in his article of flower worship in Tamil
literature, he pointed out that, the flowers and the trees have played a very important sociocultural role and socio- religious role in classical anthologies. In his article, mention is made
about flowers in religion and its association with Gods as given by Tamil literature.
Offerings of flowers to God are common to almost all religious celebrations from ancient
times as evidenced by anthology. Since the remote past of Tamil culture, flowers have
specials position and intimately identified with the worship of Gods. The word poosai / poja
is derived from the root word 'poo'(flower) mainly offered for the performance of puja.
A6
APPENDIX-II
SCHEDULE
COMMISSION AGENT
1. Name and address :
2. Educational qualification : below 8"' Std.(); SSLC(); +2(); above +2().
3. Experience in this line of business: in Years:
5()
5-10()
10-15 ( ) ;
15-20() 20-25()
above25
4. Number of generations (if it is hereditary)
5. Number of paid employees:
Wages: Rs.
6. Working hours :
7. Flowers arrival
Time &Price(Rs)
-disposed between
AM6-7:
7-8
8-9
9-10
10-11 11-12 PM
Price (Rs. per kg)
a) Jasmine
b) Rose
c) Chrysanthemum"
d) Crossandra
e) Tuberose
f) Marigold
g) Kakkarattan
h) Others
8. important flowers traded (in kg) per Year
Flowers
Seasons (Month)
I Quarter
I!
ill
iV
Jasmine
Rose
Chrysanthemum
Crossandra
Tuberose
Marigold
Kakkarattan
Others
9. Estimate of turnover in the market :per Day per Week
Flowers
kg
Jasmine
Rose
Chrysanthemum
Crossandra
Tuberose
Marigold
Kakkarattan
Others
10. Usual commission charged: per kg./ per Rupee
11. Basis of the grower's loyalty:
Financing
Courteous service
Friendship
per Month
per Year
A7
12. Amount of money lent :
Purpose:
Security:
Mortgage
Rate of interest:
13. Mode of repayment:
14. Sources of funds : Owned ( )
Borrowed - Sources:
Amount
Period
Interest rates
Mode of repayment
Bank
Money Lenders
15 Difficulties encountered:
In procurement of flowers
Quantity
Quality
Pricing
Disposing
Wastage in marketing:
Transporting
Storing
Competitions from: Artificial flowers
: Dried flowers
16. Nature of arrangement with outside market:
17. Do you have storage facility? Yes ( ) ; No ( ).
18. What is the storage cost - per kg. (Rs):
19. Do you sell flowers only for local consumption? Yes( )
20. Do you send flowers to other places inside India? Yes ( )
No ( )
No ( )
21. If it is Yes, What are the Places?
22. Do you engage in export of flowers?(outside India)Yes ( )
23. If it is Yes, What are the countries?
24. If you export what type of package do you have?
25. What is the cost of package? Per kg (Rs.):
26. What is the cost of transport? Per kg (Rs):
No ( )
Friends
A8
27. How do you fix the prices for difTerent kinds of flowers?
a) based on Quantity
b) based on Quality
c) based on the demand of the day- festivals / marriages /
d) based on the demand form the wholesalers
e) based on the arrival of the flowers (seasons)
f) based on the variety of flowers
g) other reasons
28. Do you have uniform price for all type of flowers? Yes ( ) No ( )
29. is there any organization / machinery to redress the difficulties?
30. What is your reactions about the establishment of an extraction / perfumery industry in
the district?
31. What is the trend / challenges in future for this trade?
32. What are your other difficulties:
a) on the quality of the flower
b) on fixing the prices
c) on wastage
d) from the local body- municipality
e) from the Government
f)
from the flower growers
g) from the wholesalers - outside the district
h) from the retailers
33. Suggestions
A9
GROWER
THE SCHEDULE
1. Name of the cultivator and address:
2. Educational qualification: Below 5''' std; 6 - 8 ; SSLC; +2; Above +2
3. Number of persons involved in flower cultivation:
4. Ownership status : Owner ( ) Tenant ( )
5. How long have you been in flower cultivation? Less than 2 years ( ) ; 2 - 5 ( ) ; 5 - 1 0 ( ) ;
More than 10 years ( )
6. Reasons for choosing flower cultivation: a) major agricultural produce of the area ( )
b) gives more profit than other crops ( )
c) long experience in the cultivation of flowers ( )
d) suitability : soil ( ) and climate ( )
e) other reasons ( )
7. Land owned and leased:
Owned ac.
Leased ac.
8. Types of soil:
9. Typeof irrigation: a) by river ( );b)bywell( );c) other ( )
10. Name of flowers grown:
(A) Traditional Flowers and acreage
a) Jasmine
ac.
b) Rose
c) Crossandra
ac.
d) Chrysanthemum
ac.
e) Tuberose
ac.
f) Marigold
ac.
g) Kakkarattan
ac.
h) Others
ac.
(B) Cut Flowers and acreage:
1. Rose
ac.
2. Chrysanthemum ac.
3. Orchids
ac.
4. Tuberose
ac.
5. Carnation
ac.
6. Dahlias
ac.
ac.
7. Gladiolus
8. Gerbera
ac.
9. Anthurium
ac.
ac.
A10
11. Cost of cultivation: per ac: (Rs.)
a) ploughing
b) seedlings
c) weeding
d) manuring-pesticide
e) labour
f) other expenses
g) Total cost
12 What is the Total cost of different types of flowers (per ac) Rs.
Rose
Jasmine
Crossandra
Chrysanthemum
Tuberose
Kakkaratan
Others
13 Flowering Seasons -flowering period (months): harvesting periods
1
II
III
a) jasmine
b) rose
c) crossandra
d) chrysanthemum
e) tuberose
0 Kakkaratttan
g) Marigold
h) Others
14 Age/longevity of Plant
a) Jasmine
b) Rose
c) Crossandra
d) Chrysanthemum
e) Tuberose
f) Kakkarattan
g) Marigold
h) Others
Months
15 Yield (per acre)
average yield in I Year: II year
a) Jasmine
b) Rose
c) Crossandra
d) Chrysanthemum
e) Marigold
f) Kakkarattan
g) Tuberose
h) Others
Years
III year
A11
16 Picking charge: (Rs.)
a) per leg
b) per hour
c) per day
17 Packing - materials used:
a) acardboard box ( ):
b) bamboo basket ( );
c) other
Cost of the packing materials (Rs.)
18 Distance from the farm to the market: (km) below 5 ( ) ; 5-10(); 10-15 (); 15-20(); above
20 ( )
19 Mode of transport up to the market:
a) by Bus
b) by Cycle
20 Cost of transport: (Rs)
c) by Lorry / Van
d) Train
21 Do you have storage facilities? a) Yes ();b) No ( )
22 What is the cost of storage (per kg. Rs).
23 How do you sell the flowers? ( To whom sold )
a) To pre-harvesl contractors ( )
•=> If there is a sale to pre-harvest contractors, what are the reason for choosing them:
Merits
Demerits
Price: per kg (Rs).
b) Direct to consumer: ( )
•=> If you sell through commission agents/ wholesalers:
Merits
Demerits
Price: per kg (Rs).
c) Direct to retailer through commission agent: ( )
•=> If you sell direct to consumers:
Merits
Demerits
Price: per kg. (Rs)
d) Direct to wholesaler / commission agent: ( )
•=> If you sell direct to retailers:
Merits
Demerits
Price: per kg. (Rs)
A12
24 What would be the weekly average price per kg? Rs.
Flowers
Price (Season)
Price (Non-season)
Lowest - Highest
Lowest - Highest
Rose
Jasmine
Chrysanthemum
Crossandra
Tuberose
Kakkaratan
Others
25 Commission charges: a) per kg. (Rs):
b) per Rupee (Rs):
26 Nature of sales
for cash: ( )
On credit: ( )
=
| > If the sale is on credit what is the price? Rs.
•=> What is the bad debt? Rs.
^ How do you collect?
==> What is the collection period?
27 Sources of finance :
a) personal funds: ( )
b) by borrowing from Banks: ( )
Amount (Rs):
Period:
Rate of interest:
Mode of repayment:
c) by borrowing from the local moneylender / land lords:
Amount (Rs):
Period:
Rate of interest:
Mode of repayment:
d) by borrowing from the commission agents:
Amount (Rs):
Period:
Rate of interest:
Mode of repayment:
28 what is the average annual net income per acre: below Rs.5,000;/ Rs.5000-10000;/ 1000015000
29 Do you have flower growers associations? Yes ( ) ; No ( )
A13
30 Who owns the flower market/ centre / place ?
a) Private Party ( )
b) MunicipaMty ( )
c) Association ( )
31 Is there any extraction of flower perfumery industry in this district? Yea (); No ( )
32 If there is No, do you welcome the establishment of an extraction perfumery industry in
the district?
Yes ( ); No ( )
33 Kindly suggest with reason the probable location of the perfumery industry in the district?
34 What will be the impact of cultural changes on traditional flowers ?
35 Do you face any competition from artificial flowers? Yes ( ); No ( )
36 What are the problems you come across in this trade?
37 What are the suggestions you want to make?
A14
RETAILERS
(STREET VENDORS / STALL HOLDERS)
THE SCHEDULE
1. Name and address:
2. Nature of the Retailer: Street vendor ( ) Stall-holder ( )
3. Religion:
Hindu();
Musiim();
Christian().
4. Number of persons of the household engaged in this line of business:
5. Experience: below 5 years / 5 - 10 years 1 0 - 1 Syears / 15 - 20 years / above 20 years
6. What is the working hours?
7. Quantity (per kg) and value (Rs.).
Traditional Flowers
Purchase value
a) Jasmine
b) Rose
c) Chrysanthemum
d) Crossandra
e) Tuberose
f) Marigold
g) Kakkarattan
h) Others
Sale value
Cut Flowers
purchase value
8. What are the other material do you use to sell the flowers?
9. What is the cost of the materials? Rs.
10. What sort of packages used: carry-bag / paper bag / plant leaves/ etc.
11. Package cost: (Rs)
12. Labour cost: (Rs)
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
Stringing
Garland Making
Bouquet Making
Veni
Others
13. Nature of ownership: Owned(); Tenant(); Both().
14. Rent and other charges paid to local authorities: (Rs.)
sale value
A15
15. Wastage (value): (per kg per day) in Stringing / handling
a) Jasmine
b) Rose
c) Chrysantlnemum
d)
Crossandra
e)
f)
g)
h)
Tuberose
Marigold
kakkarattan
Others
16. What do you do with unsold flowers: (kg)
17. What will be the worth of the unsold flowers (Rs):
18. Season / time in which the unsold flowers are more:
19. Do you have any preservation methods for unsold flowers: Yes();
No()
20. Cost of storage: (Rs. Per kg)
21. Capital required: for the stall/shop: Fixed Capital(Rs. ); Working capital(Rs. )
22. Sources of finance: personal funds( )
Amount
Period
Money lenders ( )
Rate of interest
banks: ( )
23. Mode of repayment:
24. Types of clientele :
a)
Men
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
Women
Temples
Institutions and the commission
Hotels and the commission
Other institutions and the commission
25. Purpose for which flowers are bought
Seasons
a) Marriage purpose
b) Religious purpose
c) Meetings
d) Funeral
e) Day-to-day use
f) Decorative purpose
g) Festivals
h) Industrial (extraction)
Qty
Value (Rs)
A16
26. Flowers used for:
Purchase price of flowers (Rs.)
Labour cost
Material cost
Package cost
Transport cost
Commissions
Taxes
Other charges, if any
Sale price
Net profit
Garland
and bouquet making
27. How do you fix the prices?
a) Based on the Supply( Seasons)
b) Based on the Demand(Seasons)
c) Based on the users of fiowers
d) Based on supply and demand
28. Strategies to boost sales when there is decrease in demand:
29. Why there is decrease in demand?
30. Difficulties encountered in:
a) Purchasing
b) Transporting
c) Storing
d) Financing
e) Selling
31. Who are your competitors? (artificial flowers)
32. Aren't the users of traditional flowers decreasing? Yes ( ); No ( )
33. Turn over
a) Per month (kg): -
b)
minimum TO
Annual TO (kg.)
34. Daily net profit: (Rs.)
35. Annual net profit (Rs)
36. Why do you do this business?
a) because this gives me more profit than other job ( )
other job gives Rs.
Flower business Rs.
b) hereditary - long experience ( )
c) suitability - handicap ( )
d) other reason ( )
Maximum TO
A17
37. What are the problems you face in this business?
a) in procurement
b) quantity
c) quahty
d) pricing
e) selling
0 wastage
g) transporting
h) storing
i) competition form:
artificial flowers
dried flowers
others - people, officials
38., Suggestions:
A18
WHOLESALER
THE SCHEDULE
1. Name and address:
2. Educational qualification: Below 5"' Std / 5 - 8'" Std / 8 - lO"' Std / + 2 / UG / PG
3. Number of paid employees:
4. Experience in the line of business: Below 5 years 7 5-10/ 10-15 / 15 - 20/20-25 /
Above 25 years
5. Why do you do this flower business?
a) long experience in this business ( )
b) hereditary
c) gives more profit that other business:
flower business (Rs):
other business (Rs):
d) other reasons
6. Working hours:
7. Do you get regular supply of flowers? Yes ( ); No ( )
8. Sources of Funds: Owned ( )
Borrowed: Sources: Banks ( )
Amount
Period
Moneylenders ( )
Amount
Period
9
Flowers:
Quantity
a) Jasmine
b) Rose
c) Crossandra
d) Chrysanthemum
e) Tuberose
f) Kakkarattan
g) Others
Rate of interest
Rate of interest
Purchase value
10 Capital employed : - Fixed Capital (Rs.):
Sale value
working capital(Rs.):
11 Do you have your own shop (or) rented ? Owned ( ); Rented ( )
12 What is the cost of rent for the shop? Rs)
13 Packing:
Material
in baskets of palmyra
in bamboo
in mats
in others
Cost(Rs.)
A19
14 Distance from the flower market to the selhng place:
15 Mode of transport:
Lorry( );
by Bus( );
by Rail( );
byair( ).
16 Cost of the transport (Rs.)
17 Arrangement for procuring the containers:
18 Arrangement for sending back the containers:
19 Do you have storage facilities? Yes ( ); No ( )
Public ( )
20 Cost of storage (Rs.)
21 Miscellaneous handling charges ( Rs)
22 Method of sale:
a) auction ( ); Merits
Demerits
b) contract(); Merits
Demerits
c)
Self- through agent ();
Merits
Demerits
d)
Retailers ( ).
Merits
Demerits
23 How do you fix the price?
a) Based on the Supply( Seasons)
b) Based on the Demand(Seasons)
c) Based on the users of flowers
24 What is the media through which you know the change in prices?
a) News paper
b) Telephone
c) Others
Private ( )
A20
25 Natureof sales: for Cash ( )
On Credit ( )
If the sale is on credit what is the bad debt?
How do you collect them?
26 Do you sell cut flowers: Yes(); No().
27 Natureof buying cut flowers:
in kilogram.
n number
28 Source of cut flowers?
29 What is the cost of cut flowers?(Rs)per kg.
30 Do you have the problem of unsold flowers? Yes ( ) No ( )
31 If you have unsold flowers how do you dispose them?
32 Do have wastage? Yes ( )
No ( ).
33 What is the cost of the wastage? (Rs)
34 Daily net profit (Rs)
35 What is your reaction towards the establishment of extraction perfumery industry in the
district?
36 Difficulties encountered &
a) Purchasing
b) Transporting
c) Storing
d) Financing
e) Selling
37 Suggestions
their Cost (Rs )
A21
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