AGC/United Learning • 1560 Sherman Ave., Suite 100 • Evanston, IL 60201 • 800-323-9084
OBSERVING THE
PROPERTIES OF MATTER
Produced By…
Dr. Brian A. Jerome, Ph.D.
Teacher's Guide Written By…
Stephanie Zak Jerome
Published & Distributed by…
AGC/UNITED LEARNING
1560 Sherman Avenue
Suite 100
Evanston, Illinois 60201
1-800-323-9084
24-Hour Fax No. 847-328-6706
Website: http://www.agcunitedlearning.com
E-Mail: [email protected]
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means, without prior written permission from the copyright
holder is prohibited (Title 17, U.S. Code Sections 501 and
506).
©MCMXCIX Dr. Brian A. Jerome, Ph.D.
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OBSERVING THE PROPERTIES OF MATTER
Teacher’s Guide
Table of Contents
Introduction ..................................................... 1
Links to Curriculum Standards ....................... 1
Summary of the Video ................................... 1
Pre-Test ............................................................ 2
Video Quiz ....................................................... 2
Instructional Notes .......................................... 2
Student Preparation ....................................... 3
Introducing the Video ................................... 3
Student Objectives......................................... 4
View the Video ............................................... 4
FOLLOW-UP ACTIVITIES ................................... 4
Discussion Questions ...................................... 4
Blackline Masters ............................................ 5
Extended Learning Activities......................... 7
Internet Resources .......................................... 7
Answer Key ...................................................... 8
Script of Narration ........................................ 13
This video is closed captioned
The purchase of this video program entitles the user to
the right to reproduce or duplicate, in whole or in part,
this teacher's guide and the blackline master handouts
that accompany it for the purpose of teaching in conjunction with this video, Observing the Properties of Matter. This right is restricted only for use with this video program. Any reproduction or duplication in whole or in part
of this guide and the blackline master handouts for any
purpose other than for use with this video program is prohibited.
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Observing Properties of Matter
Teacher’s Guide
Grades 2 - 5
Introduction
This video is geared towards students in grades 2-5.
The goal of the program is to familiarize students with
observing matter, a principle of physical science.
All objects are made of matter - even objects we do
not see. In this program, students will learn how to use
their five senses of sight, hearing, taste, smell, and
touch, to determine the different properties of matter. Properties such as shape, size, color, texture, odor,
sound, weight, and taste are discussed. Everyday
examples of matter are examined through vivid images, helping students better to observe and describe
their world.
Links to Curriculum Standards
This video correlates to the following standards:
A. National Science Education Standards for Grades
K-4 in Physical Science (Content Standard B)
B. Benchmark for Science Literacy (American Association for the Advancement of Science - Project 2061)
- for Grades 3-5 - The Physical Setting
Summary of the Video
Through this video, students will learn how to observe
matter, and how to make both direct and indirect
observations. The video examines some of the physical properties of matter, including color, odor, texture,
shape, sound, and size, through vivid images and language that the elementary student can readily understand.
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The video is vocabulary-rich and uses key terminology
such as matter, senses, observation, indirect observation, direct observation, property, color, shape, size,
texture, hardness, temperature, odor, solids, liquids,
gas, and plasma . Numerous colorful and easy-tounderstand graphics greatly enhance student understanding of the key concepts involved with learning
about observing the properties of matter.
Pre-Test
An optional pre-test is provided on Blackline Master
#1: Pre-Test. This test will help you determine the level
of student comprehension prior to participating in this
lesson. An Answer Key appears on pages 8-12 of this
Teacher’s Guide.
Video Quiz
The video concludes with a ten-question Video Quiz
which may be used to gauge student comprehension immediately after the presentation of the video.
Blackline Master #2: Video Quiz provides students with
a printed copy of the questions and a list from which
to choose correct answers.
Instructional Notes
Before presenting this lesson to your students, we suggest that you preview the video, review this guide, and
the accompanying blackline master activities in order to familiarize yourself with their content.
As you review the materials presented in this guide,
you may find it necessary to make some changes,
additions, or deletions to meet the specific needs of
your class. We encourage you to do so, for only by
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tailoring this program to your class will they obtain the
maximum instructional benefits afforded by the materials.
It is also suggested that the video presentation take
place before the entire group under your supervision.
The lesson activities grow out of the context of the
video, therefore, the presentation should be a common experience for all students.
Student Preparation
You may want students to look up the vocabulary
words addressed in the video, have them write down
the definitions, and review their spelling and pronunciation. Terms such as matter, senses, observation,
indirect observation, direct observation, property,
color, shape, size, texture, hardness, temperature,
odor, solids, liquids, gas, and plasma may be unfamiliar to students. By studying these terms before viewing the video, it will greatly enhance student understanding of the topic.
Introducing the Video
Ask students if they can define the word “matter.”
Have they ever heard the word used in a sentence?
What does the word “matter” have to do with science? Tell them that scientists define matter as “anything that takes up space.” Ask students to name some
examples of matter. How would they describe that
matter? Is it hard, soft, loud, quiet, bright, or sweet?
Tell them that scientists describe matter in these same
words - they’re called “properties.” Break the students
into small groups and assign each group a classroom
object. Give each group a few minutes to compile a
list of properties of that object. Encourage them to
use their hands, eyes, noses, and ears in describing
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the object’s properties. (While tasting is a great way
to gather information about the properties of matter,
make it clear to students that tasting substances can
sometimes be dangerous, and thus avoided unless we
know we’re safe.) Then have each group share its list
with the class. After discussing these observations of
matter, instruct students to pay close attention to the
video, as they will learn many of the ways scientists
describe matter.
Student Objectives
After viewing the video and completing the lessons
and activities, students should be able to do the following:
• Define matter;
• List the sense we use to describe matter;
• Describe the two types of observations:
indirect and direct;
• Identify the four different groups of matter;
• Identify some of the words which describe
matter.
View the Video
This video is approximately fourteen minutes in length.
FOLLOW-UP ACTIVITIES
Discussion Questions
Following the video, students may have additional
questions. Allow time for students to air their questions. Avoid answering the students’ questions directly,
ask them additional questions leading them to the
answer on their own, or encourage other students in
the class to answer questions.
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There are numerous issues which may warrant further
discussion. As a class, you may wish to discuss the
questions which appear on Blackline Master #3: Discussion Questions, which may be distributed prior to
class discussion. Answers to these questions appear
in the Answer Key on pages 8-12 of this guide.
1. How do we define matter?
2. What senses do we use when we describe matter?
3. What is an indirect observation?
4. What is a direct observation?
5. What are some of the words we use to describe
matter?
Blackline Masters
The following Blackline Master activity sheets are included with this guide. You may replicate and distribute them as needed. An Answer Key appears on
pages 8-12 of this guide.
(1.) Blackline Master #1: Pre-Test is to be given to
your students prior to viewing the video to assess their
prior knowledge of the topic.
(2.) Blackline Master #2 is the sheet corresponding
to the Video Quiz questions found at the end of the
video. You may want to stop the video before the
Quiz in order to distribute this sheet. Students should
select the answers from the list at the bottom of the
page. Review the questions and answers as a group,
or collect the Quizzes for grading; they will help you
determine student comprehension immediately following the video but before executing the Follow-up
Activities.
(3.)
Blackline Master #3: Discussion Questions correspond with the questions presented in the previous
section, and may be distributed prior to class discussion.
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(4.) Blackline Master #4: Vocabulary Exercise will
help students further to understand the terminology
of the subject matter. You will need the following supplies to complete this activity: orange, key, pencil,
grapes, baseball, colored pencils and/or crayons.
(5.) Blackline Master #5: What Am I? and Blackline
Master #6: The Fireworks Display are reading exercises
for the students to complete in class to further stress
the concepts of properties of matter. Students will
need colored pencils and/or crayons.
(6.) Blackline Master #7 is a Hands-On Experiment
for the students to complete in class to stress further
the concepts of properties of matter. The following
supplies are recommended: five shoe boxes, computer floppy disk, grapes, wool hat, tennis ball, dry
leaves, tape. You may substitute objects to place in
the shoe boxes.
Directions:
1. Put five objects in five separate small boxes and
tape them shut. Have your students use their indirect
observation skills to determine what object is in each
box. Have them pick up the box, shake the box, smell
the box, listen to the object inside. After observing
each box, have them complete the grid on Blackline
Master #7 to determine the contents.
2. After opening each box, have the students use the
direct observation skills to describe the object in each
box. Have them fill in each square of the grid on Blackline Master #7 by using their direct observation skills.
(7.) Blackline Master #8: What’s The Matter? corresponds to the Extended Learning Activity on the next
page.
(7.) Blackline Master #9: Post-Test is to be given to
your students after viewing the video and completing
the accompanying exercise to assess their knowledge
of the topic.
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Extended Learning Activities
What’s The Matter? Diary - Ask students to keep a
week-long diary of the properties of matter they encounter. For each day, they should try to describe at
least one liquid, one solid, and one gas. Pass out Blackline Master #8: What’s The Matter? and instruct students
to use the chart to record their objects’ properties. At
the end of the week, post students’ diaries on a bulletin board.
Career Connection - Invite a chef to visit your class
and describe how the properties of matter impact his
or her job. Ask the chef to describe some desirable
properties of the food he or she prepares, and some
undesirable ones. Did the study of the properties of
matter help the chef in his or her daily activities? Why
or why not?
Internet Resources
Use the following Internet websites to help your students discover more about the observing the properties of matter.
National Academy of Sciences
http://www.nas.edu/
Eisenhower National Clearinghouse
http://www.enc.org/nf_index.htm
National Science Education Standards
http:www.nap.edu/readingroom/books/nses/html/
Education World
http://www.education-world.com
Electric Library
http://www.k12.elibrary.com/classroom
Classroom Connect
http://www.classroom.com
NASA Spacelink
http://spacelink.nasa.gov
http://spacelink.nasa.gov/Spacelink.Cool.Picks
FREE - Federal Resources for Educational Excellence
http://www.ed.gov/free/s-scienc.html
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Answer Key
Blackline Master #1: Pre-Test
1.
T
2.
T
3.
F
4.
T
5.
F
6.
T
7.
T
8.
F
9.
T
10.
F
Blackline Master #2: Video Quiz
1.
matter
2.
observation
3.
indirect
4.
direct
5.
property
6.
plasma
7.
senses
8.
touching
9.
hearing
10.
odor
Blackline Master #3: Discussion Questions
1. We define matter as anything that takes up space.
2. We use our senses of smell, taste, sight, hearing,
and touch when we describe matter.
3. An indirect observation is an observation in which it
is not possible to use all your five senses to describe
matter. An example of an indirect observation is knowing that the wind is blowing outside.
4. A direct observation is an observation in which it is
possible to use all your five senses to describe matter.
An example of a direct observation is recognizing a
piece of fruit, such as an apple, by seeing it, smelling
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it, touching it, tasting it, and even hearing it being
eaten.
5. We use words such as color, shape, size, texture,
hardness, temperature, and odor to describe matter.
Blackline Master #4: Vocabulary Exercise
orange - Its color is orange. The shape is round. The
orange is about three inches wide. It can be
squeezed, but it is not soft. The skin is tough, but the
insides are soft. It is room temperatures, and has a
sweet odor
key - Answers will vary, but look for the following responses: The key is silver or gold in color. It has an
irregular shape, with a round end which has a hole in
it, with a long thin piece coming out of the circular
end. This end has a flat top and a jagged bottom. It
is about two inches long. It is made of metal and is
very hard. It is room temperature, and has no smell or
odor.
pencil - Answers will vary, but look for the following
responses: The pencil is yellow with a brown tip, a green
metal end, and a pink eraser. It is long and thin, about
seven inches long and less than one-half inch wide. It
is very hard, although it can be dented by something
hard. It is room temperature. It has a slight odor - a
mix of wood, paint, and graphite.
grapes - Answers will vary, but look for the following
responses: The grapes are light green with a brown
stem. The fruit is oval and attached to the stem. The
stem has many branches with lots of grapes attached
to it. The fruit is about an inch long, but the entire
bunch of grapes is about six inches. The fruit is very
soft and can be broken. The stem is hard, but can be
bent. The fruit is at room temperature and has a sweet
smell.
baseball - The color of the baseball is white with red
stitching. It is round and is about three inches wide. It
is very hard and cannot be dented. The ball is room
temperature and has no odor.
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Blackline Master #5: What Am I?
1.
soda can
2.
chalkboard
3.
banana
4.
stop sign
5.
ice-cream
Blackline Master #6: The Fireworks Display
1. They were having a bicentennial celebration.
2. China
3. red, white, blue, yellow
4. Fireworks are colorful and noisy because they are
made of a combination of gunpowder and other ingredients.
5. Fireworks are smelly because they contain sulfur, a
substance with a strong odor when burned.
6. Fireworks come in many different shapes and sizes,
for example starbursts..
7. Fireworks are dangerous because they contain
gunpowder.
8. They are displayed at night so that they can be
seen much better. The dark sky makes the fireworks’
colors and lights seem much brighter.
9. You can hear the burst of the explosion after you
see it because sound travels more slowly than light.
10. Drawings will vary.
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Blackline Master #7: Hands-On Experiment
Answers will vary if objects are changed.
Indirect Observations:
Your Guess
Sound
Smell
Weight
Other
Box 1
computer disk
makes a loud
sound when
shaken; lands flat
against box
no smell
very light
slides around
box
Box 2
grapes
several objects
rolling around
box
sweet smell
light
moist
Box 3
wool hat
some movement
but not much
sound
no smell
lightweight
but fills the
space
not much
movement
Box 4
tennis ball
loud thudding
sound - rolling in
box
no smell
heaviest box
sliding and
rolling sound
Box 5
dry leaves
swishing and
crackling sound
slight odor
of outdoors
very light
fills box, but
very light
Direct Observations:
Your Guess
Smell
Sight
Sound
Touch
Box 1
computer disk
no smell
black plastic,
white label,
metal on one
end
plastic makes
sound when
dropped
smooth top
and edges;
metal end
sharp edges
Box 2
grapes
sweet fruity smell
green, oval
shape
makes small
thud when
dropped
smooth
surface
Box 3
wool hat
smell of wool
answers will
vary
makes slight
whooshing
sound
smooth, soft
Box 4
tennis ball
rubber and wool
round,
yellow and
white
makes loud
bouncy
sound
rough
texture
Box 5
dry leaves
dried plant
material
brown,
orange,
green
crunchy
sound when
touched
rough, dry,
and fragile
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Blackline Master #8: What’s The Matter?
Answers will vary.
Blackline Master #9: Post- Test
1.
space
2.
sight, touch, hearing, taste, smell
3.
direct, indirect
4.
matter
5.
solid, liquid, gas, plasma
6.
color, shape, size
7.
texture, hardness, temperature
8.
rotten, sweet, lemony, perfumed, wooden
9.
sour, salty, sweet
10.
bell ringing, glass breaking, waves crashing
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Narration for Observing Properties of Matter
Script of Narration
What words would you use to describe this spectacular display
of fireworks? You might describe them as being very colorful and
loud.
Touch the leg of the chair you are sitting on or the desk in front of
you. It is solid and hard.
Look out the window. What do you see there? Perhaps you see
buildings, cars, or trees.
Close your eyes. Take a long, deep breath. What do you feel?
You feel air rushing into your nose and into your chest. You can
feel the air, but you cannot see it.
Now, look at this bubbling brook with its cool, rushing water. What
do all these things have in common? They are made of matter.
During the next few minutes. we are going to talk about matter,
the different types of matter, and how matter is described. So
come along on our journey to learn about matter.
These insects, called bees, the air filling this plastic bag, and this
soft drink are all made of matter. Matter is anything that takes
up space. Whether an object is small or large, heavy or light, it is
made of matter.
How do we learn about the world around us? How do you know
that these pumpkins are orange? How do you know that rain is
wet? How do you know that this train is loud? How do you know
this candy is sweet? And how do you know these flowers smell
nice? We can tell all these things through our senses. Senses are
your body’s ability to see, touch, hear, taste, and smell.
Most animals learn about the world around them by seeing with
their eyes, like this cow, or hearing with their ears, like this mule, or
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tasting with their mouths and tongues, like these calves, or smelling with their noses, like this ox, and by touching. We learn about
our world by observing. An observation is information gained
about matter by using our five senses: seeing, touching, smelling, hearing, and tasting. Let’s look at these different types of
observations.
There are two types of observations: indirect observations and
direct observations. Let’s explore why they are different.
How do you know the wind blows? You cannot see the wind.
But you can see things that it moves, like these flags. You can
also feel the wind, and even hear the wind. Therefore, we can
tell the wind is blowing by seeing the things it moves, feeling it,
and hearing it. These are all indirect observations of wind. In an
indirect observation, it is not possible to use all your five senses to
describe matter.
Let’s take another example of indirect observations by describing the object in this box. By tilting this box, we can hear the
object inside moving. It sounds like it is rolling, but we cannot see
it rolling. We can also tell that the object is small and not very
heavy by quickly shaking the box. What is the object? Let’s see
how good your indirect observation skills are by guessing what
the object is. As you can see, the small, round object is a marble.
Now let’s look at how we make direct observations. In a direct
observation, it is possible for us to use all our five senses to observe and measure matter. Let’s take a look at the fruit growing
on this tree. Do you know what kind of fruit it is? Before you answer the question, let’s make some observations.
Using our sight, we can see that the fruit is red. We can touch the
fruit and tell that is hard. We can also smell the fruit. It does not
have a strong odor, but when we cut the fruit, it has as sweet
smell. And finally, we can taste it. Mmm, it tastes like a fresh, tart
apple!
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When we describe matter, we are stating the properties of matter. A property is a characteristic of matter. During the next few
minutes, we will examine some of the different properties of matter.
Matter can be grouped as a solid, liquid, gas, or plasma We come
in contact with many of these materials everyday. Our bodies
contain solids, liquids, and gases. Most living things, such as this
flower, contain solids.
Solids have a definite shape, and also take up a definite amount
of space. Solids come in many different shapes, colors, and have
many different characteristics.
Liquids, like water in this waterfall, do not have a definite shape,
but liquids do take up a definite amount of space Liquids are
different from solids in that they take the shape of their container
and are free-flowing, such as the water in this fountain.
Gases are another form of matter. We breathe gases, such as
the oxygen from the air. Gases do not have definite shape and
do not take up a definite amount of space. Most gases cannot
be seen, but many of them, such as that in this propane tank,
give off an odor.
Plasma is the fourth kind of matter, and is not very common on
earth. Plasma is a gas-like mixture that is high in energy. Fluorescent bulbs, like this one, contain plasma. Plasma is very common
in space, where it is one of the major ingredients in stars. Now
let’s move on to matter which we can see.
One of the most important ways to observe matter is by using
our sight. Color is an important property of matter . Most objects
have color. For example, the leaves on this tree are green. And
some objects, such as these balloons, are made in many colors.
Shape is another important property of matter. Shape is the
outward form of an object. Some objects, such as this ball, have
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a round shape. This building has a square shape. But many objects, such as these sheep horns, have an irregular shape. Objects with irregular shapes do not have a definite shape, and are
curvy or rounded, like these boats.
Size is another important property that we can see. This truck is
big compared to this car. We often compare the size of objects
by saying that one is bigger or smaller than the other. But a more
accurate way to describe the size of objects is by measuring
them.
By touching objects, we can describe certain properties of matter. Texture is an aspect of matter we can experience through
touch. For example, this polished table top has a smooth surface, but this sandpaper has a rough texture.
Hardness is another characteristic. The wood in this pile is hard.
This marshmallow may look hard, but it is actually very soft and
mushy.
Temperature is another very useful way to describe matter. We
can tell these blocks of ice are cold by touching them. And we
know that this cup of hot chocolate is warm by sipping it. But we
can get a more accurate measurement of temperature by using this thermometer.
We use our sense of hearing to make observations about matter
everyday. For example, we know what a bell sounds like, even
when we do not see it. What does this sound like? That’s right it’s glass breaking. And what do you think this sound is? Yes, waves
breaking in the ocean. What about this sound? Air rushing out of
a bicycle tire. We use many words to describe sounds including
“soft”, “loud,” and “hissing.”
Have you ever smelled something and have known exactly what
it is without seeing it? Smoke is a good example of something we
recognize immediately and is a sign that something is burning.
Homemade pie has a strong, sweet smell.
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“Odor” is another word for smell. We can describe odors as being strong, sweet, burnt, musty, and rotten.
All animals need to eat. When we eat food, we taste matter.
Different foods and the spices we put on foods have many different tastes. How would you describe the taste of this dill pickle?
That is right, it has a sour taste. And what about this cake? That’s
right it tastes sweet and chocolatey.
During the past few minutes, we have looked at some of the
ways we describe matter, including whether it is a solid, a liquid,
or a gas. We have also described the many different properties
of matter, including its shape, size, color, texture, temperature,
odor, and taste. Next time you get a chance, spend some time
exploring and describing matter around you. You just might look
at the world a little differently.
Fill in the correct when you hear this tone. Good luck and let’s
get started.
1. __________ is anything that takes up space.
2. An ____________ is information gained about matter by using
our five senses.
3. In an ______________ observation it is not possible to use all your
five
senses to describe matter.
4. In a ___________ observation it is possible to us all our five senses
to
observe and measure matter.
5. A _____________ is a characteristic of matter.
6. Matter can exist as a solid, a liquid, a gas, or as a _____________.
7. Matter is observed by using the body’s five __________.
8. By _____________ objects with our fingertips we can describe
certain
properties of matter.
9. By using our sense of _________ we can make observations
about the
sounds of objects.
10. _____________ is another word for the smell of an object.
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1
Name_________________________
Pre-Test
Directions: Circle the “T” if a statement is true or “F” if it is false (F).
1. Matter is anything that takes up space.
T
F
2. Senses are your body’s ability to see, touch, hear, taste and smell.
T
F
3. An observation is information gained about matter using our two
senses.
T
F
4. There are two types of observations.
T
F
5. In a direct observation, it is impossible for us to use our five senses to
observe and measure matter.
T
F
6. Solids, liquids, and gases are properties of matter.
T
F
7. Plasma is a kind of matter not common on earth.
T
F
8. Color, size, and shape are not properties of matter.
T
F
9. Texture, hardness and temperature are properties we feel.
T
F
10. Sour, sweet, salty, and spicy are properties we see.
T
F
“Observing Properties of Matter”
©1999 Dr. Brian A. Jerome, Ph.D.
Distributed by AGC/United Learning
Name_________________________
2
Video Quiz
Directions: Fill in the blank with the correct word from the list at the bottom of the page. Not all
words from the list will be used.
1. __________ is anything that takes up space.
2. An ____________ is information gained about matter by using our five senses.
3. In an ______________ observation it is not possible to use all your five senses to describe matter.
4. In a ___________ observation it is possible to us all our five senses to observe and measure
matter.
5. A _____________ is a characteristic of matter.
6. Matter can exist as a solid, a liquid, a gas, or as a _____________.
7. Matter is observed by using the body’s five __________.
8. By _____________ objects with our fingertips we can describe certain properties of matter.
9. By using our sense of _________ we can make observations about the sounds of objects.
10. _____________ is another word for the smell of an object.
matter
observation
indirect
direct
property
plasma
sight
touching
hearing
odor
senses
phase
“Observing Properties of Matter”
©1999 Dr. Brian A. Jerome, Ph.D.
Distributed by AGC/United Learning
Name_________________________
3
Discussion Questions
Directions: Answer the following questions in the space provided or out loud.
1. How do we define matter?
2. What senses do we use when we describe matter?
3. What is an indirect observation?
4. What is a direct observation?
5. What are some of the words we use to describe matter?
“Observing Properties of Matter”
©1999 Dr. Brian A. Jerome, Ph.D.
Distributed by AGC/United Learning
4
Name_________________________
Vocabulary Exercise
Direction: Your teacher will display examples of several objects for you to draw and describe.
Using colored pencils or crayons, draw and color each of the objects. Describe the picture by
using these vocabulary words:
color
shape
size
hardness
temperature
odor
orange
key
pencil
grapes
baseball
“Observing Properties of Matter”
©1999 Dr. Brian A. Jerome, Ph.D.
Distributed by AGC/United Learning
5
Name_________________________
What Am I?
Directions: Read each of the following paragraphs and guess what each object is. Each object
is described using the various properties of matter and the five senses.
1. I am a cylinder about 12 centimeters tall. I usually have a colored sides and a silver top and
bottom. My texture is smooth. I am made of aluminum. In some places you can bring me to
a store and get money in return, usually five or ten cents. When I am opened I make a hissing
sound. My contents are sweet, sugary, and fizzy. I do not have a smell. What am I?
2. My color is black. My texture is smooth. When you rub your hand on me, I sometimes can
leave a white dusty mess on your hands. I can cover a small area or an entire wall. Your
teacher uses me to help you learn. I don’t make a sound unless something is scratched against
me, then I can make a terrible squeaky sound. I do not have a smell. What am I?
3. I am yellow. I am fragile and bruise easily. I am long and narrow and usually measure about
20 centimeters long. My outside skin is a smooth texture, but the end of my stem is rough. After
my covering comes off, my insides are soft. I smell sweet. I do not make a sound, except for a
quiet ripping when my skin comes off. I taste very good and most children like me. What am I?
4. My colors are red and white. I have eight equal sides and am very thin about .5 centimeter
deep. I am about 2.5 meters tall and 30 to 40 centimeters wide. My texture is smooth and
indented for the letters used on me. I am normally on the end of a long green pole. I give a
command to anyone driving a car, yet I am silent. I have no smell or taste. What am I?
5. I am very cold to touch. My texture is usually soft and squishy. I taste sweet and yummy. I
have a pleasant smell. I can have many different colors, such as white, brown, pink, green,
purple and orange, depending on my taste. In a store, I can be purchased in a rectangular
box or a small- or medium- sized cylindrical carton. When I am very cold, I have a definite
shape, but when I am warm I have no definite shape. Most kids love me. What am I?
“Observing Properties of Matter”
©1999 Dr. Brian A. Jerome, Ph.D.
Distributed by AGC/United Learning
6a
Name_________________________
The Fireworks Display
Directions: Read the story and answer the questions on the next page.
Annie’s home town was going to celebrate its bicentennial, the town’s 200th anniversary of its
founding. She was very excited because her fourth grade class and her entire school was
going to join in the festivities. Her elementary school raised money all year to sponsor the
town’s fireworks. The fireworks were going to be displayed as the final event following a daylong celebration. The festivities were going to include a parade, picnic dinner, town dance,
and fireworks. The magificent display of fireworks were going to be held in the elementary
school playing fields at 8:00 p.m. that evening. She could not wait until the day of the bicentennial
celebration.
Because the teachers and students had worked hard all year to raise enough money to sponsor
the fireworks, Annie’s teacher wanted her class to learn all about fireworks and what made
them so colorful, loud, smelly, exciting, and dangerous. All the students in the class conducted
research about fireworks and this is what they learned.
Fireworks have been in existence for many centuries, and were first invented several hundred
years ago in China. They are a combination of gunpowder and other ingredients that, when
combined, explode, making loud noises and colorful sparks and flames. They are very colorful
and very noisy. Fireworks are very dangerous because they contain gunpowder. They should
be handled only by experts who understand that extreme caution and skill is needed. Fireworks
can be very smelly, too. This is caused by the burning sulfur and paper. Fireworks come in
different shapes and sizes. The different types of fireworks are the result of various paper
containers the mixture is put in.
After the town picnic, Annie and her mother, father, and brother set out for the elementary
school playing fields. Her mother put out a blanket on which for her family to sit, poured hot
chocolate, and gave everyone oatmeal cookies to eat while they waited for the fireworks to
start. Just as it became very dark and everyone in the crowd became restless, the fireworks
began. Annie and her little brother laid down on the blanket and stared up at the night sky.
The fireworks were more beautiful than Annie could have ever imagined. The first one was like
a huge exploding star in the colors of red, white, yellow, and blue. The next blast was completely
different and looked like the sky was producing purple, pink, and orange snow. It seemed as if
each following burst was more brilliant and larger than the last. As the booms and blasts of the
fireworks continued, the sky became cloudy with smoke and the smell of sulfur hung silently
over the crowd. The sound of each display echoed in the looming mountains that surrounded
her small town. Each blast seem to last for hours and then blend into the next display. It was
indeed a special way to end the town’s bicentennial celebration and one that Annie and her
fellow classmates will never forget.
“Observing Properties of Matter”
©1999 Dr. Brian A. Jerome, Ph.D.
Distributed by AGC/United Learning
Name_________________________
6b
The Fireworks Display
Directions: Answer the following questions based on the story “The Fireworks Display.”
1. Why was Annie’s home town having a celebration?
2. Where were fireworks invented?
3. What are some of the colors that fireworks display?
4. Why are fireworks noisy and colorful?
5. Why are fireworks smelly?
6. What are some of the shapes in which fireworks come?
7. Why are fireworks dangerous?
8. Why are fireworks displayed at night and not in the daytime?
9. Why do you hear the burst of the explosion after you see it?
10. On the back of the page, draw a fireworks display. Use colored pencils to diagram the
burst.
“Observing Properties of Matter”
©1999 Dr. Brian A. Jerome, Ph.D.
Distributed by AGC/United Learning
7
Name_________________________
What’s The Matter?
Directions: Use the following chart to observe matter at school and at home for one week. Try to
observe one solid, one liquid, and one gas each day. Write its name and describe its properties
in the spaces on the chart.
DAY OBJECT
TYPE
SMELL
FEEL
SOUND
LOOK
solid
liquid
gas
solid
liquid
gas
solid
liquid
gas
solid
liquid
gas
solid
liquid
gas
solid
liquid
gas
solid
liquid
gas
“Observing Properties of Matter”
©1999 Dr. Brian A. Jerome, Ph.D.
Distributed by AGC/United Learning
Name_________________________
8
Post - Test
Directions: Fill in the blank with the correct word and answer the questions with the appropriate
response.
1. Matter is anything that takes up ___________________________. (5 pts.)
2. What are the body’s five senses? (20 pts.)
3. What are the two types of observations? (10 pts.)
4. A property is a characteristic of ____________________. (5 pts.)
5. What are the four different phases of matter? (15 pts.)
6. What are three properties of matter which we see? (10 pts.)
7. What are three properties of matter which we can feel? (10 pts.)
8. What are three properties of matter which we can smell? (5 pts.)
9. What are three properties of matter which we can taste? (10 pts.)
10. What are three properties of matter which we can hear? (10 pts.)
“Observing Properties of Matter”
©1999 Dr. Brian A. Jerome, Ph.D.
Distributed by AGC/United Learning