Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted by the Publisher (dated 2012)
ANALYSIS OF COLONIAL OATS.
By .J.
LEWTS,
M.A.
The following Analyses of Colonial Oats were \'ecently' pel'formed in the GoVel'lllllollt Analyt,ical Lahoratory.
The Samples we,re obtainerl frOl'n various Districts of the Cape Colony, throllgh the Civil COlllmissioners, and
represent the general product o~ the District as offered .for sale.
.
Table No. I .. gives details regarding. the nature of the soil, cultivation and yielcl of the crop from which the
Sample was drawn ;' Table II gives the weight, and proportions. of kernel and husk hi the grains of typical samples;
the rema,ining Tables give the Analytical data obtained, toget,her with the average Analyses from other .. countries.
TABLE. 1.
~D.i Natnre .of Soil.
Fertiliser per a.cre.
Treatment Df.Land.
Quantity .of
Seed.
Kind .of Seed.
Yield per
. a.cre.
Straw, per acre.
Weight
inlbs.,
pel'
bushel.
-I--~--I--·-·-------I-------------+-------I-------I-~----.-, ..--.--~-,--
PIQrJE'l1BERa,
2
3
Clay pebble.. ... N:DIlP.; manured previDus NDt cultivated, 2nd crop ...
year
Sandi~h kart'DD
PIDughed and harrDwed,
BDil
1st crDp
BrDken Dr mixeJ SUpel"phD~. about iiO Ibs. 1st crop .on brak land
I
-l
I;
ft
Sand
•••
I
I bag
'"
I bag
...
,;0 Ib~ ....
... , Land .laid fallDw in pre I;: bu~hel
ViDUS year. Year befDre
had barley .on brak land
with kraal manure
... ,PIDughed and harrDwed, Il~ bu~hel~
Hrd crDp
Xone
LDD3e ~Dii with I None
pebbles
CDIDniaJ,l. River 20 bags
Plate variety
10 bags
Algerian ...
Algerian, 2nd years' Ii! bags
cDl.
a,OOO.lbs.
;lq
.l-11lDad~
BO}
:~fi~·
2,000 lbs.
112
Algeria.n, 2nd crDp,
from Imported
seed
1 load, abDut 1':,110
.:~~ bag~
lhs.
... ,AIg-erian,ilrdyeltl'B'1 '10 bags, dry
8eed
eeltBDll
;lO~
.
Itt IDads ....... I,
;lj"~
lIIALMJ1JSiBTJRY.
i
,8
' '1
... ,Alge,ian ...
.'"
I ii. bags
... I 1,1)00 lbs.
ThDma~ PhD~phate, 200 Land plDughed raw. seed 501bs....
frDm 1st crop
.
Ibs.
J Ii) Ibi!. I Iml)Dr~ed Algerinn I 22~ hags .... I J wagDn IDad
Sandy and little GDVt. GllanD, 11)0 lbs .... PIDughed and harrDwed i bag
.once, 2nd crop
clay
Clay
=
__.,
~.'
_ ."
~
~
~._
~
-~-.
__
~
-_--7~·.,___._.--
:~:)~
...
•._
;l+
Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted by the Publisher (dated 2012)
ANALYSIS OF COLONIAL OATS.-TABLE I--(cOIlt'in1'nl).
Nature of Soil.
No
I
Fertiliscr
pCI'
Treatmeut of
acre.
QUltntity of
Seed.
T~and.
Weight
Yield pel'
acre.
Kim1 of Secd.
Straw per acre.
j111b~"
l)el'
bushel.
- - - - - - - 1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1 - , - - llr.fiL3IESBURYI~(continued)-.-I---~---I-~--~l--·--·--,--
-
I
I
Three years fallowed;. 1st !l- 'muid .. ,
loads
crop
,....,2nd crpp-Csimply ploug-hed) 17ii Ibs ....
i Mixed clay and None
! sllnd
1 bushel
'" , 2nd crop
Clay, s ton ey None this year .. '
ground
_
..
,
flO
lbs ... '
Sandy .. ,
Govt. GUl1no, if', Ibi, .. , I 2nd crop
'Sandy loam
9
Stable manure, 4 wagon
I
10
11
12
_.. ,Product of Aus, I (it bl1gs
tralian Oats
.. _ 2! bags
.. , , Algerian ...
Algerian ".
'" , 6 bags
", ,
1~
wagon loads .. ,
34~
1,5001bs.
~(i
", \ l,fiOO Ibs.
:-lfl
.. , , Algerian,4th crop, (; bags (very: I
bad year)
from Imported
seed
34
UJ
33}
:-lG
Sl'HLiEINBOSCH.
...
JOO Ibs. Basic Slag, 50 I 2 plonghings, Ii harrowings I riO Ibs.
Ibs. G ovt.Guano, 20
1bs. SuI p hat e of
Potash. nO Ibs, Nitrate
-<
.... ,
o
13
H
ILight sandy
t'"'
UJ
GAlpE,
iii
:>z
:>-
ITj
o
o
t'"
o
Z
, .. , Algerian .. ,'
I 2,72:' Ibs,
'" , 1~~ bags '"
~4}
:;
t"
o
:>-
~
UJ
of Soda
r
lIl~1
17 I
18 I
19
r
:.W
i
2U
GALEID01Y.
I
Superhosphate;:, Ruppo~erl Ploughed nndef stuhble: I 22:; Ihs ....
to contain :-lll%
Sequence of crops:Gravelly clay {
Whel1t 2 seasons. Oats
:-l seasons, then fall 0 W
l
for -l or " yeard
BRBIJAISIJORP.
I
i
.. , , (J)
(2)
Al~el'ian
Texa~
rI
I
~
(il) River Plate ;
l
(
18 bags
,), 'f, of its weight .. ,
:H~
~(i
3.'l
~
I
40
ilil
l
38t
I
~
22
Sanely ...
... , Superpho~. 1 bushel
2 bushels
.. , , Algerian , ..
'" 'lIt bags , ..
37:i sheaves
:~6}
':';t
~
Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted by the Publisher (dated 2012)
-.
~o. Nature of Soil.
--
ANALYSIS OF COLON1At OATS.-'I'ABLE l-(aontinued).
--
-' ".
Fertiliserper acre.
Treatment of Lalld.
Qu~ntl~y of
.
Yield per
acre
Kind of Seed.
",ee .
- -
........ .--
.
---
-~
..
Weight
Straw per acre.
inpl~~",
W
0'>
o
bushel.
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - . _ - - - - - - - ._-- - - - - - - - - - - - - - ---------- - - BIlBDASDOBP-(continned).
2:~
Clay and mnd... Superphos:
24
Clay...
2ii
Clay and sand ... Guano,:Ie bag...
2G
Clay...
2.1
Clay...
-t
bag
... Superpho~. 50 Ibs.
... Superphos"t bag
... Supherphos. 75 lbs.
-
... Ploughed and harrowed, 1 bag ...
f)th crop
... Shallo';' 1)loughing, 3rd 75lbs....
crop
.._ Land treated in first class -t muid...
order, 3rd crop
... Ploughed and harrowed, ~ bag _..
Brd crop
,
... Ploughed:-l in. well worked, 1001bs....
Brd crop
.... Texas
...
...
9 bags
... 300 bundles
...
iH
... Algerian...
...
it bags
38
... Colonial...
... , 10 bags
... 2S0 bundles (bundIe =H Ibs )
... 60 grain bags ._.
... Texas
... Q-l0 bags BOO bundles
...
...
37
XI;
to
... Texas
...
... 9-bags
... 300 bundles
...
38!
Clay...
.. . None
...
...
2&
Kanoo cla.y
... None
...
...
30
Karroo clay
...
...
...
None
:n
Karroo sandy ... None
...
...
X2
Karroo clay
...
...
...
None
... Ploughed and harrowed, 1st ! bag ...
crop
... Ploughed and harrowed, 2 501\)s....
watering~, 3rd cro p
... Ploughed and harrowed, 3 bushels
no water, 1st crop
... Ploughed and harrowed, [bag...
1st crop
... Ploughed and harrowed, 2 7 fi Ibs....
waterings, 1st crop, but
EOwn late
~
to
~
... Texas
...
... 20 bags
... 500 bundles
...
354
... Texas -...
... 71 bags
... 1,4501bs.
...
3(',
._.
3]
...
Old Colonial Oats. Notknown.: Notknown
average ;;
. muidsfrom
1 bushel
... Colonial...
... IG bags ... Notknown
.. _ Algerian...
...
'"
'"
9 bags
... Not known
Sandy...
.._ None
X-l
Dark sand
'"
...
...
Cattle kraal manure
... Ploughed, s()wn, and har- 751b8. _..
rowed in usual way
... Old land cropped once a ~ bag .. ,
year
Egyptian_..
... Egyptian...
t"
...o
c:
to
Z
-~
t"
.. _
36~
. ...
38,t
Sold asOitt- None threshed...
hay
...
...
Does not thresh;
sample from oathay
:~(i~
ALEXA NIJRIA.
in
8
c:
c:
ROBEB l'SON.
28
~
co:>
30
ANALYSIS OF
No.
N aturc of Soil.
Fertiliser per acre.
COLONIAJ~
OATS.-TABLE
I-(cll7~Un1/ed).
Quantity oJ'
Seed.
Treatmcnt of Litllll.
Yield per
acrc.
Kind of Seed.
--
------------ ------------------ -- ---------------- '--._------ .---- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
35
Black sand
... None
...
...
...
S(l
Sandy surface ... None
...
...
...
'"
37
Weight
Straw pel' acre.
----_
ALN.1ANDRIA -(continued).
Sand and clay ... None
...
'"
Ploughed once a year, 1st 37:t lbs....
... Egyptian ...
crop
KINO WILLI ~UL' S 1'0 lVN.
Plciughed Imd harrowed,
1st crop
Ploughed and well harrowed, .2nd crop
~
sack ...
1 bag .. ,
... Imported ...
...
... 3 bags
...
12~
per
..- - . - - - ....
...
sacks ...
illlb~.,
bushel.
32,t
~,lo,rge wngonload
i>-
36
Z
i>-
Egyptian ...
...
I)
bags
.. . 400 bundles
...
t"'.
B2
..-:
[Jl
H
[Jl
o
Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted by the Publisher (dated 2012)
CATH CARl'.
BS
S9
40
..
Sandy ...
,
None
...
...
... None, irrigated '"
Light sandy
'"
...
Plonghed 3 times and
harrowed, 3rd crop
Ploughed twice, 1st crop 1';01bs.
...
Kraal mannre, S,OOO lbs: Ploughed and
1st crop
42
4B
...
None
~4
~"
!(l
41
Black, inclined None
to be sanny
..
...
harrowed; '150lbs.
,
,
.
...
...
'"
...
... 4 bags of 130 About 250 bundles
lbe. each
..
sold as Ont·
hay
Colonial short ... SO (l:'Olbs.) .2,2;;01bs.
bags
...
37t
B2
..,
...
43
S5
Good seed Oats, 40 bags ... 40 bales .. ,
particular kind,
not known
.., Algerin,n ...
... 6 bn,gs of 1,,0 1,1,'01bs.
lbs.
... Algerian '"
... ,~O bags ... 40 bales ...
...
33
41
'"
BB}
.. .
Sa?
...
soldn,s Oat·
hn,y
-
Z
H
i>-
t"'
2S}
... Not threshed, None
o
t"'
o
o
Ploughed and hn,rrowed, 1 bn,g (180 lbs.)
2nd crop
...
...
.. . Not threshed, Not threshed
Q
BO
...
1st crop
...
..
Algerian' ...
... Egyptian ...
...
...
... ...
'"
...
... Ploughed n,nd harrowed, ! bag = 7" lbs. Algerian ...
Plonghed and irrign,ted ,~ bag
once, 1st crop
.
Heavy' bln,ck, Kraal manure, 5 wngon Plouged and harrowed, 1st I bn,g
loads
crop
inclined to :l)e
. Cli,(Vey '. -",/
Sandy ...
None
...
...
"J
...
bag
...
41 . S:),ndy ...
Red soil
~
-
-
-_.-
..,
i>-
rn
~
0>
-.
"""
AKALY6IS OF OOLONIAL OA.T8.-TABLE l-(r;"ntil~"ell).
I
No.
Fertili~or
Nature of Soil.
per acre.
Quantity of
Seed.
Treatment of Land.
--1-------1----------,-1--'--------\
Q(jBE.:W;;I TO lV-,'~
+8
Xone
·H)
P,uts Handy', None
loose Hoil : part~
vlei, black soil
Sandy
NOlle
;;0
fil
52"
Clay
Sandy
Old lands cultivated for
last 20 yearH
3rd crop
None
,Farmyard mannre
Yield per
acre.
Kind of Seed.
Straw per acrc.
1---------1------1--
Weight
in lbs.,
per
bushel.
~
t\:)
---,---
:H
bag
Ploughed 3 times before J ,~O lbs.
sowing 1st erop
2nd erop
150 lb8,
'" I Ploughed, 15th crop
I bag
,)11.
Algerian, 001. seed
Algerian '"
.:>2.} bags ...
33~,
3-1'
Algerian ...
2;; bags "'ll,50l) lb8.
17.}bag-:;(not 1,000 bUl1l1lm;
threshed)
I>-
o
\:1:1
:~2
o
C1
t'
""
C1
Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted by the Publisher (dated 2012)
\:1:1
l>t'
TAnLE II,
No,
Weight per bushel.
WEW,H'I' IN GRAMME."
I
Percentage weight of '
kernel in grain.
Weight of lUO grain",
,
.~
6
:~O!,
37~
33
+0
,30
Itl
1\)
3S
3!l
30
37·~
·11
2D·~
3t
,13
42
No,
~2
lbs,
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
Weight of kernels:
I
I
---
I
Weight of husks.
3'297
:,'3\13
2'I!H
2''!2(i
1'067
;J'25"
2'151;
1 '099
3'331;
3'427
2'220
2'2,,7
1 '777
I' :,+Ii
I ' Ill;
1 '170
.8",1
2'1i:ll
2'1;03
2'%7
1 . 1>[:1
2',I!)/)
l'7H
61;'"
I;S'"
66'1;
66'3
I'LU3
1 '/li;7
\. 3,,1
. 7W
I
(;5'S
.,
I
,
><="-------~
G7'5
\
I
5H'4 '
rd':{
7\ . j
'--'
was a particularly fine sample, a well-drcEsed white on.t, rich in kernel, and representing a good milling artiele, ,It was probably grown,
from Canadian seed.
'"C1o
\:1:1
Z
l>t'
Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted by the Publisher (dated 2012)
TABLK III.
In
In Atih,
No.
Moi8ture,
Proteius
Nx(j';l1.
Fat,
Dig-estible
earbohydrateti,
Orude fibre,
I
Crude ash,
Oltt~,
I·------,------~ I.,.--------..,-~---
Phosphoric
oxide
Lime,
Pho8phorie
oxide,
Lime,
- - ' - - - ' - - - 1 - - 1 - - - ,-1------ -I----I----~-\----\----PIQU" TUBE(",
J
11'32
2
10'07
9'84
10'22
10'40
10'37
;I
{
[,
6
9'34
8'249'0(;
10' 16
11'26
11'48
6'18
0'21
()'20
ii'83
0'52
0'7'7
57'70
(,1'0;1
Hl'I5
58- 7_~
59-0;1
59-07
11 '96
IO'SO
10'60
II '60
9'74
10'10
;1',,0
;1'1),.
9'15
14-02
19-:38
22-:34
2-86
2-95
2-5;;
Cl-IO
;1'01
1()' .~?')
2-20
14'08
16-~0
~'46
;\'On
9'21
- ()7
-100
-101;
-080
-107
-G8
iODZ
-4!J
'fiH
'+4
-,,3
-07l
8
9'37
9'16
9
10-09
10
9'70
9-48
9'22
11
12
9'50
9'28
12'ClI
8'50
9'05
8'73
6'2"
6'41
5'98
ii'47
0'45
(i '41
61 'Of>
62-07
ii9-27
62-70
61 - 4-7
6;1-] ii
14 -82
;I-{8
-~8
-8]
-{G
!j-4-;\
;j-!12
9-62
4-01
11-89
12-03
18-9il
17-10
2'72
:3-50
2-0!)
;\'41
;\-]i'.
I~
2 '4()
2'!)4-
-il"
-48
-li4-:i4
-092
-089
'102
'084'084
'093
JCl
10'24
]0-03
8'71
i; '9~
7'2!.
0';19
Gl-41
G2'72
JO'6J
9-;\9
H
Cl
o
r
o
z
H
~
r
o
..,
~
Ul
CAIPlt_
H
Ul
o
2-G4
;1-29
9-;\4
~
><
"'J
I J - 19
H-79
10-14
z
r
Ul
JlfA LJlfBISIIIJRY
7
~
14-27
;1-74
-44
-116
12-0~
2-42
'50
'101
14-8!)
;\-ii2
-:;0
'118
;\ -!ll
]2-37
1O-8i;
2'22
2'71
-48
;\-!);\
-089
'107
;\- 10
4-,18
81'ELLltINBOSCH.
I :i
10'35
8'06
5'85
li2-3f>
10-0"
6'58
(i] - f>4-
9-92
(,'21
(il)"
7f)
1O-!li)
;\ '34·
CALlEDOj\:
]I;
9'55
17
9'73
8'00
g'Cl9
,
~."_
\_ '-::C _"
-4;\
5
,~
TABLE "itt.-u01itil<iied,
-..,~....
..
.-
..
..
..
No.
---
l\loi~tl1rc,
Fat,
------ - - -- - - -
Digestible
car bobydrates,
~-----
Crude fibre,.
H-
In Oats,
In A.sh,
Proteids
Nx lUll.
~
'm'
Orude ash,
Phosphoric
oxide,
Lime,
Phosphoric
oxide,
Lime,
- - - - - , - - - - - - - - - . - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - -
CALEDOll. - co,ltt'inned,
18
19
20
21
9'30
10'06
10'-1.3
!)'62
7'!)i5
6'9~
61 'ii!)
8'61
:)'5U
8'73
Ij'()(;
;,i)'52
,j!) , 6!)
60'8li
G':~~
6'4"
11 ' I i5
11 'I!)
11 '3il
10'30
3'07
3'6G
:~'71
.J.'(j.J.
10'23
1:)'29
I ~,!),;
13'88
2'no
Z"fJ:-)
'ill
',,0
2'(;0
2"r,7
'56
'~8
'080
'O!Jil
'OUG
' 10·1
Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted by the Publisher (dated 2012)
9-38
n'I7
!J'Oi,
8-0(;
8'17
7'17
lil '7f> Iii 'ii9
GO'16
iii '56
62'28
IiI' 5:~
(i'lq
Ii '81
!i'iilj
f)'(j!!
Ij'GS
G'3tj
8'9.J.
\l'3n
!)'Z6
9'S3
!)'13
10-08
3'11
3'5!!
3'43
3'38
"3 '31
4'O!)
I~ 'O:~
3' i52
11 '4!)
J 1'73
II. '67
15'31
12'48
:~'38
2'84
2'Ii2
. f>7
'·U
'~O
2'8·~
' :~!)
, i,I
2 "~2
'51
'IO!!
'121
'O!)7
'08!)
'Ofj.J.
'09!!
33
'3{'
:15
\
9-52
9'77
lO'4.J.
9'56
S'9R
fj'SG
10; 4ot.
()'82
8 '17
9'38
!!' !)4
7'S3
R'fj3
7'!1+
11'04
10'38
"'17
Ij'12
5'6[,
6'37
(j'Olj
liI'lJI
,-,9'92
1>7'93
GO'41
,
-
liil':~2
lO'611
10'S1
12'59
11'61
!J'OO
4'44.
4'00
3'44
4-22
3'71
,;-(;~
(jQ'g,
,;9'Or,
liO'7,-'
II'St)
10'04.
t)'8.J.
3'70
3'l!1
3-71
to'
'oc:"'
l:tj
z
to'
1,,'80
2'G4
'70
a'n
2'(;2
3'i;8
'"g
'63
'llG
2'M
3'12
'75
'liS
'107
'1 J ,;
'102
'IOi,
18-24
17'76
IS'ili'
'1l7
'105
'llG
ALRXA J\'JJRIA,
(,'22
,,'5U
la>-
~
lWBl!. R'I'SON.
28
29
30
31
32
...
C'l
c:
E;
BREDA SDORP.
~L __ 10:18
!)' 41.
23
n'54
2.J.
10'48
2"
2(;
10'43
27
10'77
>-
c;l
l:tj
12'81
21 '31
i!'12
'47
:~'2·1
'68
H'HH
:!' 8·'
. tjf)
Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted by the Publisher (dated 2012)
TABLE IlI.-continued.
In Oats.
In A~h.
No.
M.oisture.
Proteids
N x r;.:~1.
}?at.
Digestible
carhohydrates.
Orude fibre.
Crude ash.
Pho~phoric
mdde.
~~'-
--------
---~- ---~----
----
- - - - -------
Lime.
Phosphoric
oxide.
------------
Lime.
-----
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Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted by the Publisher (dated 2012)
ihBL,E IV,-AVERAG]Js.
..- .
,
No. of
Samples.
District.
Moisture.
..
.
Piquetberg
...
... ..
Malmesbury ...
.. , ...
Cape
...
... ...
Stellenbosch ...
.. ,
...
Caledon .. ,
...
.. , .. .
.. , ...
Breda.sdorp
'"
Robertson
...
...
a,
Alexandria
...
2
, King William's Town ...
...
10
' Cathcart'
.. ,
...
5,
' queenstown .. ,
.. ,
...
-----.
.----52'
Cape Colony ...
.. .
.. '
--. (;
6
2
1
6
6
5
..'
...
10'37
9'50
10'13
10'30
9'78
10'48
9'66
10'05
8'98
9'59
9'69
9'92
9'56
8'00
B'06
8'45
B'M
B:85
9'79
9'S9
10'50
11'09
9'8b
9'53
Digestible
carbohydrates.
Fat.
Proteids.
Crude fibre,
Phosphoric
-oxide.
'I
1i'08
5'79
6,:n
5'06
0'33
59'45
61'62
(;2'06
62'35
60'66
61'48
60'52
lio"26
62'19
(;0'50
60'20
10'80
9'92
W'OO
10'05
10'81
9'43
10'94
10'59
9'7J
10'09
9:b1
'57
' '48
.. 46
'50
"41i
'47
'67
'07
'48
'62
'76
(i'03
60'77
19'20
'56
6'12
6'H;
6'lH
5'85
6'58
6'6:~
- - - - - ------- - - .
W
Lime.
0'>
0'>
'093
'09]
'lOB
'118
'095
'102
'112
'107
'08(;
'104
'120
-'--.-'102
.
N··I·
No. of
Samples,
-
1
2
3
4
5
S
-7.
8
Middle and North Germany
South and West Germany
Austria-Hungary...
."
' France
.. ,
-.. '- ---....
England and Scotland ...
.. ,
AD;ierica
.. ,
."
Various
...
...
...
--
...
....
...
,.
...
I
103
44
34
196
Hi
22
11I.--.1 Prow..
I
Fat.
"',
58'23
5B'12
56'40
60' ,j.7
53'16
59,35
12'-15
13'39
lO'B2
11'83
13'50
13'74
10'67
11'41
9'52
13'05
11'26
5'SO
5'30
5'84
5'46
6'15
4'96
' 13·aO
10':l2
4'77
58'] !)
..,
...
...
U'ilS
...
1 Crude
fibre.
-Phosl,>horic
I
1
OXide.
Um~
,
------- - - - - - - - - ' - - - 273/,;liO
Digestible
1carbohydrates,
-----~
COl
It'
~
c:
=0
TABLE V.-AVERAG1!JS FROM OTHER COUNTRIES,
Name of Country.
'"
oc:
10'25
9'93
11'01
9'18
11'89
9'33
-~--
1O':l2
'"
...
..,
...
... "1
'
...
~ .Konig,
...
...
... J
------- - - - - '(;9
Dietrich &
.. .
...
..
...
...
--~-
'/ill
'\00
Konig.
Wolff.
---
-
From the above tables it is evident that as regards organic 'food material Colonial Oats are equal in value to those of
other countries, The percentage of lime is normal, but that of phosphoric oxide is. somewhat lower ('56 % as compared
with '69 %), This deficiency, however, is of less importance as all Oats supply a large excess of phosphoric oxide relativ'lIy
to lime, and the depciency of the latter compound Ulust always be made up to t.he animal from other Sources,
't""
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It'
.,~
r