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Great Britain: Roanoke
Area named “Virginia” (for “virgin queen”)
European Footholds in North America
Great Britain: Chesapeake
Sir Walter Raleigh, 1584: obtains charter
to start a colony
Location as base for anti-Spanish privateers
British, Spanish, & Croatoan feuds
prevented supply reinforcements
Supplies finally arrive; but
colonists are “lost”
Great Britain: Chesapeake
Virginia Company, 1607: Jamestown
Capture of Pocahontas brings
Joint-stock company funds expedition
surrender; she converts to Christianity
& marries John Rolfe
Too interested in quick riches; did not plant
crops & grew hungry in harsh winter
Cpt. John Smith led raid on Powhatan
38 of 105 survived
Servants
Great Britain: Chesapeake
Social change, 1619
VA Co sent 100 women; 120 lbs of
tobacco could purchase a wife
Dutch ship arrives with 20 Africans
○ Indentured servants preferred until
1670s; expensive & hard to recruit
John Rolfe adapts tobacco to VA’s
climate
Crop “saves” VA; VA Co. earns profit
Headright system & Indentured
Pocahontas legend
1st Anglo-Powhatan War
House of Burgesses, 1619: 1st
representative assembly in N.A.
Great Britain: Chesapeake
Maryland & Lord Baltimore
1632, proprietary land grant as
refuge for Catholics, few moved
Protestant majority
○ 1649: Toleration Act
○ 1654: Act revoked followed by
years of religious strife
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Great Britain: Chesapeake
Bacon’s Rebellion
Great Britain: New England
Berkeley’s fur-trade monopoly worked with Indians
Thomas Weston & VA Co, 1620
102 on Mayflower, ½ Separatists
○ Refused to aid frontier farmers from Indian attacks
Landed too far north; created
Mayflower Compact to give legal
status to Plymouth colony
Bacon led farmers against Berkeley
○ Jamestown pillaged & capital is burned
Bacon dies; 20 rebels hanged
○ Rich v. poor
○ Coastal v. inland farmers
○ Wealthy landowners shift to
slaves (less likely to rebel)
Great Britain: New England
Puritan “Great Migration” (1630/42)
Harsh winter & ½ died
Rest saved by Squanto & Samoset
Social tensions revealed
Plant corn w/ fish fertilizer
Indian alliance weakens due to stories of
Anglo-Powhatan War in VA
Great Britain: New England
Typical Puritan town layout
John Winthrop & “City on a Hill”
70,000 migrate in 12 year period
Communities
Powerful/respected ministers
Town plot for each family; common
Town meetings (male “saints” could vote)
Education for religious purposes
○ Harvard College: to train ministers
Low mortality rates
Great Britain: New England
“Bad” Puritans
Roger Williams, minister in Salem
○ Advocated separation of church & state
○ Supported “fairness” with Indians
○ Argued for full break with Anglicans
○ 1635: guilty of preaching “new and
dangerous opinions”
exiled to Rogues’ Island
○ Creates new colony based on religious
freedom
Great Britain: New England
“Bad” Puritans
Anne Hutchison, Boston
○ Highly educated; held home Bible studies
○ Critical of “good works” in predestination
○ Critical of control clergy had within society
Esp. of government’s economic policies
○ Put on trial for heresy
Superb knowledge of scripture
Claimed “direct revelation” from God
“guilty” and banished (RI then NY)
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Great Britain: New England
Pequot War (1636/37)
Great Britain: New England
Pequot as barrier to CT’s trade w/New Neth.
Salem has Witches? (1691/93)
Economic rift amid Salem Town & Salem Village
Ruthless war killing 100s of Indians
○ Most accusers: Village, young, poor, single girls
Pequot land given to CT & New Haven
○ Most accused: Town, middle-aged, wives/widows
at least moderate wealth
Rampant hysteria & procedural
King Philip’s (Metacom) War (1675/76)
Wampanoag respond to “punishment”
flaws in courts
○ Raided 53 towns; killed 2500 colonists
100s accused & 20 executed
○ Colonists blockade/destroy food supply & kill
Other clergy & Gov. Phips
5000 Indians
Great Britain: New England
brought end to trials
Ends major resistance to expansion
Great Britain: Middle
Decline of “City on a Hill”
Economic disputes between clergy &
1664: Peter Stuyvesant surrenders
during GB war against Netherlands
Proprietorship to Duke of York; split
merchants: what is a reasonable profit?
into New York, East Jersey, & West
Jersey
“Bad” Puritans challenged orthodoxy
Farmers moved away from towns
○ New York tried to recreate feudal era w/
Communal reciprocity turned to
large manor owners & rent paying
tenants
○ Religious feuds caused consolidation of
the Jerseys into royal colony of New
Jersey
individualism & materialism
Creation of new colonies
Puritan rule failed in England
Witch hysteria
Great Britain: Middle
Great Britain: Middle
1681: Charles II paid debt to William
Penn by giving proprietorship
Penn wanted safe place for Quakers
George Fox & Quakers:
1681: Quaker migration to
Pennsylvania best planning of
a European colony
Inner Light speaks equally to all people
Philadelphia: “city of brotherly love”
○ Planned city rather than haphazard
growth
Clergy not needed
“democracy” was limited; strong
Respect not based on socio-econ status
Refused to swear oaths
Ardently pacifist
governor
Religious toleration; Quakers
appointed to most gov’t positions
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Great Britain: Middle
1704: lower Delaware River valley cut
off from Pennsylvania to quiet down
Dutch & Swedish opposition
Success for Middle Colonies:
Great Britain: South
Early settlers from Barbados
Charles Town as port (1670)
Indentured servants to slaves
○ Experience w/rice in Africa
○ Immunities to malaria
○ 130 acre rice plantation = 65 slaves
Encouraging religious toleration
Encouraging ethnic pluralism
Lack of tax $$ to support official church
Great Britain: South
Origins of Georgia
Oglethorpe buys land from Creeks
○ Savannah founded in 1733
½ from Germany, Switzerland, & Scotland
Image Credits
Anti-slavery because:
○ Spanish might stir up slave revolts
○ Undermines poor whites (ideal
population)
○ Few moved so slave ban ended
Carolina, 1663 “restoration” colony
De Soto picture: http://www.nativevillage.org/Archives/2009%20Archives/NOV%20News/desoto2.gif
De Soto map: http://rs6.loc.gov/intldl/eshtml/images/florida_map.jpg
Coronado map: http://www.cabq.gov/veterans/images/Map-FranciscoVasquezdeCoronado.gif
Salinas mission photo: http://images.travelpod.com/users/exploreamerica/usroadtrip_2007.1181366580.img_0085.jpg
De Champlain painting: http://atlas.nrcan.gc.ca/sites/english/maps/historical/exploration/brule.jpg
French territorial map: http://www.quebecoislibre.org/06/060319map.jpg
New Amsterdam image: http://ushistoryimages.com/images/new-amsterdam/fullsize/new-amsterdam-1.jpg
Roanoke Island: http://www.lib.unc.edu/blogs/ncm/wp-content/uploads/2007/02/roanoke.jpg
Jamestown image: http://amciv.files.wordpress.com/2008/08/jamestown_overview_01.gif
Pocahontas Baptism: http://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/learning_history/pocohontas/pocahontas_baptism2_sm.jpg
Tobacco plant: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5c/Tobacco_and_smoking_indian.jpg
Jamestown Slave arrival: http://lehrman.isi.org/media/images/cache/Africans_Landed_at_Jamestown_1619.jpg/638pxAfricans_Landed_at_Jamestown_1619.jpg
Jamestown wives arrival: http://www.1st-art-gallery.com/thumbnail/193180/1/Wives-For-The-Settlers-At-Jamestown,From-Pioneers-In-The-Settlement-Of-America-By-William-A.-Craft,-1876.jpg
Lord Baltimore painting: http://www.msa.md.gov/msa/speccol/sc1500/sc1545/001100/001126/images/1545_1126.jpg
Act of Toleration painting: http://www.msa.md.gov/msa/speccol/sc5500/sc5590/images/religious_toleration.jpg
Bacon confronting Dunmore: http://www.understandingrace.org/images/482x270/society/colonial_exp.jpg
Plimoth Plantation ad:
http://www.plimoth.com/media/catalog/product/cache/1/image/5e06319eda06f020e43594a9c230972d/f/i/file_35.jpg
Puritans image: http://endtimepilgrim.org/puritans25.jpg
Harvard logo: http://www.erictipler.com/blogimages/Harvard-logo.jpg
Puritan village: http://apcentral.collegeboard.com/apc/public/repository/ap10_frq_us_history.pdf
Roger Williams statue: http://virtualology.com/nationalstatuaryhall/roger-williams.org/
Anne Hutchinson: http://www.buzzle.com/img/articleImages/591130-20.jpg
Metacom image: http://www.sonofthesouth.net/revolutionary-war/pilgrims/metacomet-Pokanoket.jpg
Witch hanging: http://www.zunal.com/myaccount/uploads/hanging.jpg
New England map: http://wps.ablongman.com/wps/media/objects/1483/1518969/DIVI036.jpg
Image Credits • 2
Stuyvesant image: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Peter_Stuyvesant.jpg
NY Manor map:
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Philipsburg_manor_map.png
/220px-Philipsburg_manor_map.png
William Penn image: http://www.philadelphia-reflections.com/images/william-penn.jpg
Homes in Pennsylvania: http://ushistoryimages.com/images/colonialpennsylvania/fullsize/colonial-pennsylvania-6.jpg
Philadelphia map: http://www.mapsofpa.com/articlepics/art3005.jpg
Delaware River map:
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/34/Delawarerivermap.png
Rice barge image: http://docsouth.unc.edu/nc/king/king435.jpg
Slave cabins: http://docsouth.unc.edu/nc/king/king431.jpg
Rice plant: http://fiehnlab.ucdavis.edu/projects/Rice_metabolome/k7577-1.jpg
Oglethorpe image: http://www.loveofsavannah.com/images/oglethorpe.jpg
Oglethorpe & Yamacraw tribe: http://georgiainfo.galileo.usg.edu/tdghdec/Oglethorpe%20&%20Tomochichinew.jpg
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