Name: ______________________
Class: _________________
Date: _________
ID: A
Quarter 1
Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question and then put what page you found the
answer on. Be sure to write out the letter and correct response.
____
1. Which of the following is one of Buddhism’s Four Noble Truths?
a. All life is full of suffering, pain, and sorrow.
b. Before all, honor your father and your mother.
c. Superior men and women understand righteousness.
d. Nirvana may be reached through harsh self-denial.
____
2. One way in which Chandragupta Maurya established order in his empire was to
a. set up stone pillars promising just government.
b. create a bureaucracy to accomplish government tasks.
c. rule his empire by moral example, rejecting violence.
d. send missionaries to spread Buddhism across India.
____
3. Which of the following happened under the Gupta dynasty?
a. Indian artisans printed the first books.
b. Villages and city governments lost their power.
c. Religious warfare destroyed most centers of learning.
d. Mathematicians developed the decimal system.
____
4. Archaeologists believe that the people of the Indus civilization
a. were nomadic herders.
b. lived in carefully planned cities.
c. worshipped a single god.
d. did not have their own writing system.
____
5. Ancient Aryans measured their wealth in
a. gold and silver coins.
b. bronze tools.
c.
d.
cows and bulls.
weapons.
6. The chief Aryan deity was
a. Varuna, the god of creation.
b. Agni, the god of fire.
c.
d.
Taurus, the bull god.
Indra, the god of war.
____
____
7. What was true about the ownership of propery in ancient Indian village society?
a. It belonged to the entire family.
b. It could not be owned by women.
c. It belonged to the entire village.
d. It belonged to the oldest male of the household.
____
8. According to the Mandate of Heaven developed during the Zhou dynasty,
a. a ruler was divine and should never be overthrown.
b. society should not be divided into social classes.
c. the gods would end their support for a weak or corrupt ruler.
d. the system of feudalism was an unfair form of government.
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Name: ______________________
____
9. The Han emperor Wudi
a. reduced China’s overall territory.
b. eliminated taxes on peasants.
ID: A
c.
d.
broke up government monopolies.
opened the Silk Road to the West.
____ 10. Some Spartan women had the responsibility of running the family’s estate because
a. Spartan society was the freest and most democratic in Greece.
b. frequent warfare kept Spartan men away from home.
c. such duties were considered to be beneath the dignity of men.
d. the Spartan aristocracy consisted almost entirely of women.
____ 11. What Greek philosopher believed good conduct meant pursuing the “golden mean”?
a. Socrates
c. Sophocles
b. Plato
d. Aristotle
____ 12. What was a result of the Peloponnesian War?
a. It started the golden age of Athens under Pericles.
b. It ended the Athenian domination of the Greek world.
c. It resulted in the destruction of the Peloponnesian League.
d. It resulted in an alliance between Athens and Persia.
____ 13. What helped Alexander the Great to conquer the Persian empire?
a. Persia was no longer the great power it once had been.
b. Alexander captured the Persian emperor, Darius III.
c. Alexander allied with Egypt to create a powerful army.
d. Alexander defeated the Persians at Chaeronea.
____ 14. The
a.
b.
c.
d.
frescoes at Knossos tell us that
the Mycenaeans began the Trojan War.
the Mycenaeans worshipped the bull as a god.
Minoan women had fewer rights than in other cultures.
the sea was very important to the Minoan people.
____ 15. The most powerful Greek god was
a. Aphrodite.
b. Zeus.
c.
d.
Dionysus.
Achilles.
____ 16. Which of the following statements is true about Athens under the rule of Pericles?
a. Only landowners were allowed to participate in government.
b. Citizens elected jurors to carry out their wishes in the legislature.
c. Large numbers of citizens had the right to vote directly on laws.
d. The ancient practice of ostracism, or banishment, was forbidden.
____ 17. In his Republic Plato describes
a. his idea of the “golden mean.”
b. his vision of an ideal democracy.
c. the turmoil of the Peloponnesian War.
d. an ideal state ruled by a philosopher-king.
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Name: ______________________
ID: A
____ 18. Greek architecture, as shown by the Parthenon, seeks to reflect
a. the fearsome and chaotic power of the gods.
b. the creativity and uniqueness of the designer.
c. perfect balance and universal harmony and order.
d. the principles of action, excitement, and motion.
____ 19. Alexander the Great extended his empire as far east as
a. China.
c. Mongolia.
b. Southeast Asia.
d. India.
____ 20. What did the philosopher Zeno teach during the Hellenistic age?
a. Those who are unequal in society are not morally equal.
b. Avoid disappointments by accepting whatever life brings.
c. It is best to pursue the “golden mean,” or a moderate course in life.
d. The state should regulate every aspect of citizens’ lives.
____ 21. Which statement summarizes part of the plot of the Illiad?
a. A powerful family is torn apart by betrayal, murder, and revenge.
b. Brave warriors under Leonidas battle invading Persians at Thermopylae.
c. Achilles withdraws from battle because he is insulted by his commander.
d. Odysseus begins the long trip home to his wife Penelope.
____ 22. In the Punic Wars, Rome gained control of lands around the Mediterranean Sea by defeating
a. the Sicilians.
c. the Persians.
b. the Carthaginians.
d. the Greeks.
____ 23. Which of the following statements is true about Jesus of Nazareth?
a. His teachings were rooted in Jewish tradition.
b. He questioned the teachings of the Jewish prophets.
c. He asked Paul to spread his teachings to gentiles.
d. He encouraged Jews to reject Roman rule.
____ 24. To
a.
b.
c.
d.
try to restore order to the empire, Roman emperor Diocletian
divided the empire into two parts.
overhauled the Roman legal system.
granted toleration to Christians.
encouraged the revival of the republic.
____ 25. The ancient Romans developed their religious beliefs from
a. Norse mythology.
c. Asian beliefs.
b. Greek religion.
d. Egyptian culture.
____ 26. Who was the great Carthaginian general who nearly defeated the Romans in the Second Punic War?
a. Mark Antony
c. Hannibal
b. Alexander the Great
d. Pompey
____ 27. Julius Caesar’s enemies assassinated him because
a. they were angry with him for his military failures in Gaul.
b. they feared he planned to make himself king of Rome.
c. they were opposed to his expansion into other lands.
d. they were fearful when he refused to disband his army.
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Name: ______________________
ID: A
____ 28. Roman emperor Augustus ordered a census of the Roman empire
a. to make it easier to find and punish those who opposed him.
b. so he could count the rebellious Christians in the empire.
c. so there would be records of all who should be taxed.
d. so he could find talented men to serve in government jobs.
____ 29. The
a.
b.
c.
d.
Romans used their engineering skills to build
the first Gothic cathedrals.
printing presses to publish Roman law.
aqueducts that carried water into cities.
advanced compasses to aid navigation.
____ 30. A system of law that developed under the Roman republic and applied to citizens was called
a. civil law.
c. common law.
b. constitutional law.
d. the law of nations.
____ 31. The highest-ranking official in the early Christian Church was the
a. deacon.
c. elder.
b. patriarch.
d. bishop.
____ 32. What contributed to the economic weakening of the late Roman empire?
a. A decline in population led to a shortage of soldiers.
b. Nobles would not pay taxes, so Rome could not support its armies.
c. Asian trade routes were blocked by the eastern Roman empire.
d. Heavy taxes helped to push the middle classes into poverty.
____ 33. What were the geoglyphs of the Nazca people?
a. desert etchings that probably had spiritual meaning
b. elaborate canals used to irrigate the land
c. a great road network that united their empire
d. step terraces on steep hillsides for agriculture
____ 34. We
a.
b.
c.
d.
know that the Hopewell people traded over a wide area because their mounds contain
stone records of their contacts with traders.
objects, such as shells, from the Gulf of Mexico.
drawings on stone walls, showing scenes of trade.
detailed maps, showing distant trade routes.
____ 35. How did early people of Mesoamerica adapt to their environment in a way that allowed their population
to expand?
a. They hunted and fished with spears.
b. They built large homes for their families.
c. They domesticated plants and animals.
d. They made weapons out of bronze.
____ 36. Which of the following is a true statement about Maya culture?
a. Slavery was strictly forbidden.
b. Sculptors had low social status.
c. Most people were merchants or traders.
d. Cities were sometimes governed by women.
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Name: ______________________
ID: A
____ 37. What helped Pachacuti Inca Yupanqui to establish the first dynasty of the Inca?
a. He built a system of roads for trade.
b. He shared his property with his warriors.
c. He allowed conquered people to govern themselves.
d. He enlisted conquered people in his armies.
____ 38. What was the role of the “Chosen Women” in Inca culture?
a. They studied religion and served Inti, the sun god.
b. They studied religion and served Tlaloc, the rain god.
c. They arranged marriages in an ayllu.
d. They assigned jobs in an ayllu.
____ 39. Which of the following statements is true about the Mississippian culture?
a. They left extensive written records about their civilization.
b. Most of them lived in small villages of only a few dozen people.
c. Their great center, Cahokia, housed as many as 20,000 people.
d. Their cliff dwellings at Mesa Verde included more than 200 rooms.
____ 40. The Inuit people were most likely to travel
a. in wagons pulled by mules.
b. on foot along dirt roads.
c.
d.
on horseback over the tundra.
by kayak in open waters.
____ 41. What were the stelae in Maya culture?
a. a list of written laws that governed Maya society
b. religious ceremonies held before waging war
c. the highest class of priests within Maya society
d. tall monuments depicting Maya rulers and gods
____ 42. What is the oldest culture that archaeologists have found in the Andean region?
a. the Maya
c. the Hohokam
b. the Inca
d. the Chavín
____ 43. When the ownership of a manor was granted to a new lord, the serfs
a. were sold to the new lord.
b. were freed from service to the manor.
c. moved with their old lord to his new property.
d. remained on the land to serve the new lord.
____ 44. To achieve salvation, medieval Christians believed that they must
a. make a pilgrimage to Rome.
c. read the Bible completely.
b. receive the sacraments.
d. do volunteer work for the Church.
____ 45. Under Benedictine Rule, monks and nuns took vows of
a. obedience, honesty, and purity.
b. obedience, chastity, and purity.fraternity
c. obedience, poverty, and chastity.
d. obedience, poverty, and honesty.
____ 46. What crop restored fertility to the soil in the three-field system of rotating crops?
a. legumes
c. wheat
b. corn
d. potatoes
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Name: ______________________
ID: A
____ 47. What important step did King Clovis take in ruling his conquered lands in the late 400s?
a. He preserved the Roman legacy in his rule of Spain.
b. He rejected the Roman legacy in his rule of Gaul.
c. He converted to Islam, the religion of the people in Spain.
d. He converted to Christianity, the religion of the people in Gaul.
____ 48. Starting in the late 700s, which group attacked Western Europe from the sea and broke the last threads
of unity in Charlemagne’s empire?
a. Magyars
c. Franks
b. Vikings
d. Goths
____ 49. Feudalism developed as a way for medieval societies to
a. protect themselves.
c. feed the population.
b. increase trade.
d. build an empire.
____ 50. Chivalry was a
a. contract between knights and their lord.
b. musical style of the troubadours.
c. political system of the Middle Ages.
d. code of conduct for knights.
____ 51. What was the result of the Church reforms of Pope Gregory VII in 1073?
a. Monasteries performed a vital role in keeping learning alive.
b. The Church emphasized official Christian beliefs to combat heresies.
c. Only the Church could appoint Church officials, such as bishops.
d. Bishops could no longer interfere in monastery affairs.
____ 52. Friars differed from other monks in that they
a. translated Greek and Roman works.
b. traveled and preached the Gospels.
c. developed new methods of agriculture.
d. lived in isolated monasteries.
____ 53. What commercial practice did Europeans adopt from the Muslim merchants with whom they traded?
a. the use of gold coins
c. the use of city charters
b. the use of credit
d. the use of guilds
____ 54. English King Edward I changed Parliament by
a. allowing Parliament to approve all new taxes.
b. including representatives of the “common people.”
c. banning all lords and clergy from membership.
d. establishing a two-party system.
____ 55. One major reason why universities began to emerge in medieval Europe was that
a. people questioned Christianity and turned toward secular studies.
b. increasing numbers of women demanded a good education.
c. scientists hoped to find a cure for the Black Death.
d. better-educated clergy were needed for Church positions.
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Name: ______________________
ID: A
____ 56. In his work Summa Theologica, who concluded that there is no conflict between faith and reason?
a. Thomas Becket
c. Maimonides
b. Thomas Aquinas
d. Pope Gregory VII
____ 57. The Gothic style of architecture is noted for
a. its dark and gloomy interiors.
c.
b. its thick walls and towers.
d.
its graceful spires and tall windows.
its fortress-like appearance.
____ 58. Why did many rural peasants move to cities during the plague years of the late 1300s?
a. Due to high labor costs, landowners devoted less land to raising crops.
b. Needing new members, guilds encouraged villagers to relocate.
c. Villagers sought out new medical treatments available in the city.
d. Villagers feared the plague came from witches in the countryside.
____ 59. Which of the following brought on a decline in the power of the papacy in 1309?
a. Christians split to form the Roman and Byzantine churches.
b. Monarchs criticized the papacy over losses during the Crusades.
c. Pope Clement V moved the papal court to Avignon.
d. Emperor Henry IV forced Pope Gregory VII into exile.
____ 60. Which of the following was a result of the Hundred Years’ War?
a. The English monarchy became dominant over Parliament.
b. French kings were able to expand their power.
c. Monarchs sought more feudal vassals to fight their wars.
d. A schism developed in the Roman Catholic Church.
____ 61. Justinian’s most important achievement was probably
a. his international diplomacy.
b. his writings on democracy.
c. his “Body of Civil Law.”
d. his conquest of Hagia Sophia.
____ 62. What issue was the cause of a bitter battle between eastern and western Christianity?
a. A Byzantine emperor banned religious icons.
b. A Byzantine emperor allowed priests to marry.
c. The Roman Church rejected Justinian’s Code.
d. The Roman Church used Latin as its official language.
____ 63. What helped cause the decline of the Byzantine empire?
a. Mongol raiders plundered Constantinople.
b. Venetian merchants gained control of Byzantine trade.
c. Rebels overthrew the Byzantine emperor.
d. Ottoman Turks captured Venice, a key ally.
____ 64. Which region of medieval Russia served as a great highway for nomadic migration?
a. the northern forests
c. the Ural Mountains
b. the Balkan Peninsula
d. the southern steppe
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Name: ______________________
ID: A
____ 65. Ivan the Great
a. sought to limit the power of landowning nobles.
b. was the first Russian ruler to be officially crowned tsar.
c. organized the oprichniki to enforce his will.
d. reformed Russian law based on Western traditions.
____ 66. In the 900s, West Slavs of Poland were influenced by missionaries spreading
a. Eastern Orthodox Christianity.
c. Judaism.
b. Roman Catholicism.
d. Lutheranism.
____ 67. The city of Constantinople was in a key location on the strait that links the Mediterranean Sea with the
a. Red Sea.
c. Caspian Sea.
b. Aegean Sea.
d. Black Sea.
____ 68. The rule of the Byzantine emperor Justinian differed from the rule of monarchs in Western Europe in
that
a. Justinian’s Code established a republic.
b. Justinian’s Code limited the monarchy.
c. Justinian had both political and spiritual power.
d. The Byzantine church was the ruling power.
____ 69. After the Great Schism, the Byzantine church became known as the
a. Roman Catholic Church.
c. Eastern Orthodox Church.
b. Greek Patriarchal Church.
d. Reformed Catholic Church.
____ 70. Medieval Russian traders most often reached the Byzantine world
a. over an advanced network of dirt roads.
b. through canals dug by the ancient Romans.
c. through sea lanes from ports in the Baltic region.
d. through rivers running from north to south.
____ 71. What was an effect of Mongol rule over medieval Russia?
a. Their code of laws served as a model for later Russian rulers.
b. Their teachings helped establish the Russian Orthodox Church.
c. They disrupted important trade routes of Russian merchants.
d. They cut Russia off from contacts with Western Europe.
____ 72. In 1380, the Russian princes of Moscow took control from the Mongols by
a. encouraging the Mongols to fight among themselves.
b. converting the Mongols to Roman Catholicism.
c. defeating the Golden Horde at the battle of Kulikovo.
d. defeating the Golden Horde at the battle of Novgorod.
____ 73. Russian tsar Ivan the Terrible
a. issued laws protecting the rights of Russian Jews.
b. issued laws that tied Russian serfs to the land.
c. helped to revive the power of the old boyar families.
d. abolished the manor system within Russia.
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Name: ______________________
ID: A
____ 74. In medieval Eastern Europe, goods and cultural influences traveled along the
a. Volga and Urals.
c. Don and Rhone.
b. Rhine and Loire.
d. Danube and Vistula.
____ 75. Islam was introduced to some areas of the Balkans in the 1300s by the invading
a. Ottomans.
c. Magyars.
b. Khazars.
d. Mongols.
Short Answer
“All men are my children. Just as I seek the welfare and happiness of my own children in this world and
the next, I seek the same things for all men.
It is difficult to achieve happiness, either in this world or in the next, except by intense love of Dharma,
intense self-examination, intense obedience, intense fear [of sin], and intense enthusiasm. Yet as a result
of my instruction, regard for Dharma and love of Dharma have increased day by day and will continue to
increase. . . .
The faiths of others all deserve to be honored for one reason or another. By honoring them, one exalts
[raises up] one’s own faith and at the same time performs a service to the faith of others. . . .
Whatever good deeds I have done the people have imitated, and they have followed them as a model. In
doing so, they have progressed and will progress in obedience to parents and teachers, in respect for
elders, in courtesy to priests and ascetics [those who live a life of self-denial], to the poor and distressed,
and even to slaves and servants.”
–from the stone pillars of Emperor Asoka Maurya
76. Determine Relevance Use information from the excerpt to explain the philosophy by which Asoka
governed his empire. How did his leadership help unify India?
77. Synthesize Information Where did the earliest Chinese cultures develop? Why?
78. Identify Point of View Explain how those of the lower castes viewed their position in Indian society.
Why do you think the Indian caste system did not cause more social unrest among the lower castes?
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Name: ______________________
ID: A
SPARTA
ATHENS
Lives of Men
At age 18-20, tested on fitness, military ability, Spent much time away from home working at
and leadership skills. Those who passed became farming or trade. Often involved in political
citizens and soldiers; those who failed could
meetings. Enjoyed physical activities such as
not become citizens. Even married soldiers
wrestling, hunting, and riding. Sometimes
spent most of their lives in their barracks.
entertained male friends at drinking parties
Military service ended at age 60, when soldiers (where women were not allowed).
could retire and live with their families.
Lives of Women
Girls lived in barracks beginning at age 6-7.
Had limited personal freedom. Could attend
They were trained in sports to stay fit, which
weddings, funerals, and some religious festivals.
would help them produce strong, healthy
Main task was to run the house and bear
babies. Adult women lived at home. They
children.
could own property and go where they wanted.
Typical Education
At age 6-7, boys were sent to barracks for
At age 6-7, boys attended school, where they
military training. Stealing and lying was
would learn various subjects such as reading,
encouraged but punished severely if discovered. writing, arithmetic, and music. Intellectual
Basic reading and writing was taught but not
achievements were highly prized. At age 18 men
emphasized. Learning emphasized physical
attended two years of military school. Women
education rather than academics. A basic
stayed at home and learned household duties.
education was also provided to girls.
Some women learned to read and write at home.
79. Compare Points of View The table compares the city-states of Sparta and Athens. How would a
Spartan describe the ideal citizen? How would an Athenian describe the ideal citizen? What differences in
the status of women do you observe?
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Name: ______________________
ID: A
About 550 B.C., a Greek slave named Aesop began writing and collecting his now famous fables. People
have been entertained by Aesop’s Fables for centuries. Two short fables are presented below.
The Bat and the Weasels
A Bat who fell upon the ground and was caught by a Weasel pleaded to be spared his life. The Weasel
refused, saying that he was by nature the enemy of all birds. The Bat assured him that he was not a bird,
but a mouse, and thus was set free. Shortly afterwards the Bat again fell to the ground and was caught by
another Weasel, whom he likewise entreated [asked] not to eat him. The Weasel said that he had a
special hostility to mice. The Bat assured him that he was not a mouse, but a bat, and thus a second time
escaped.
MORAL: It is wise to turn circumstances to good account.
Avaricious and Envious
Two neighbors came before Zeus and prayed him to grant their hearts’ desire. Now the one was full of
avarice [greed], and the other eaten up with envy. So to punish them both, Zeus granted that each might
have whatever he wished for himself, but only on condition that his neighbor had twice as much. The
Avaricious man prayed to have a room full of gold. No sooner said than done; but all his joy was turned
to grief when he found that his neighbor had two rooms full of the precious metal. Then came the turn of
the Envious man, who could not bear to think that his neighbor had any joy at all. So he prayed that he
might have one of his own eyes put out, by which means his companion would become totally blind.
80. Analyze Information Refer to the excerpt. Most of Aesop’s Fables end with a moral, a lesson, or
principle taught by the fable. The moral for “The Bat and the Weasels” is given above. Write your own
moral for the other fable. What do these fables tell us about the values of ancient Greeks?
81. Express Problems Clearly Explain the policy of “bread and circuses” that was adopted by various
Roman emperors during the Pax Romana. In what way did this reveal underlying weaknesses in the
Roman empire?
82. Make Comparisons Explain some of the similarities and differences between the Native American
cultures that developed in the Arctic and along the Northwest Coast.
83. Summarize Describe the area where the Aztecs built their capital city Tenochtitlán. How did the
Aztecs adapt to this environment?
84. Identify Central Issues Describe the mixture of the secular and religious worlds in the medieval
Christian Church. How do you think this mixture contributed to the need for reforms in the Church?
“Wretchedly with bare feet and clad in wool, [Henry IV] continued for three days to stand before the
gate of the castle. Nor did he desist from imploring with many tears . . . until he had moved all . . .
present . . . to such pity and depth of compassion. . . . Finally, won by the persistence of his suit . . . we .
. . received him into the favor of communion and into the lap of the Holy Mother Church.”
–Pope Gregory VII
85. Analyze Information Read the excerpt. Explain the motives of Emperor Henry IV. What events led
up to this point described by Pope Gregory? How was this situation resolved?
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Name: ______________________
ID: A
86. Recognize Cause and Effect Explain at least one cause and effect of the Papal Schism of 1378.
87. Identify Central Issues What were the main causes of the Great Schism of 1054?
88. Summarize Explain the role of trade in the development of the first Russian state.
89. Recognize Cause and Effect How did the treatment of Jews in Western Europe affect the
development of Eastern Europe in the late Middle Ages?
90. Determine Relevance Explain how geography affected the development of Constantinople as the
“New Rome.”
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