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What is a species?
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3
List and describe four types of reproductive
isolation.
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What are the 8 levels of biological classification
from largest to smallest?
Homework
What must happen to a population in order for
speciation to occur?
What is the binomial system of classification?
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What is reproductive isolation?
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7
Describe how speciation occurs and cite
examples of 3 different causes of speciation.
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What is the common name for the species Homo
sapiens?
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11
What are the 3 major domains used to classify all
organisms?
Differentiate between an organism’s common
name and species name.
Which of the following levels of classification
provides the most specific information about an
organism: class, order, or family?
Class Work
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The domain Bacteria contains how many
kingdoms?
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13
How do organisms in the domain Archea differ
from organisms in the domain Bacteria?
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What are the four kingdoms that make up the
domain Eukarya?
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What cellular structures set the domain Eukarya
apart from the other two domains?
Which of the domains contains both unicellular
and multicellular organisms?
Which domain is the most ancient?
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Which kingdom within the domain Eukarya is
predominantly made up of unicellular organisms?
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19
How are organisms within the kingdom Plantae
grouped?
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21
What are three characteristics common to all
organisms within the kingdom Animalia?
Homework
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What unique features do organisms within the
domain Archea have?
How are organisms in the kingdom Fungi different
from organisms in the kingdom Plantae?
What types of organisms make up the domain
Bacteria?
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24
List and describe some examples of organisms
within the kingdom Protista.
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25
At the cellular level, what is the main difference
between plants and animals?
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27
List the 8 phyla within the animal kingdom.
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29
As the blastula divides and folds inward it forms
what structure?
How do fungi differ from plants and animals?
Class Work
All animals begin life as a one-celled zygote. As
the embryo begins to grow via cell division
describe the first structure that appears.
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30
What two layers is the gastrula made up of?
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31
The cells that make up the endoderm ultimately
become what part of the animal body system?
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In addition to the endoderm and ectoderm, most
animals develop a 3rd layer of cells called the
mesoderm. What does the mesoderm form?
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What are the two types of symmetry found in
animal body plans?
The cells that make up the ectoderm ultimately
become what part of the animal body system?
What does invertebrate mean?
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What are body tissues?
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What is a body cavity?
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What was the Cambrian explosion?
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41
During embryonic development most animals
form three major tissue layers. Identify the 3
layers and the systems they each ultimately form.
How old are the earliest animal fossils
Why is it important to consider the Cambrian
explosion when studying traits of modern day
animals?
Homework
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42
What distinguishing characteristics do organisms
that fall within the domain Eukarya, kingdom
Animalia, and phylum Chordata have?
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Differentiate between an animal with radial
symmetry and an animal with bilateral symmetry.
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Describe the three types of body cavities.
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What type of body plan do humans exhibit?
Class Work
What is a hydrostatic skeleton?
To which animal phylum do humans belong?
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What is a phylogenetic tree?
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What is a derived trait?
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How are phylogenetic trees produced?
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What is a cladogram?
Why are features like radial symmetry, bilateral
symmetry, and true tissue denoted on a
phylogenetic tree?
What does it mean to say phylogenetic trees are
hierarchical?
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54
On a cladogram, how can you tell which
organisms are closely related?
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Use the cladogram to answer questions #55 – 59
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55
What characteristic do ferns have that mosses do
not?
Starting with a diagonal line, the out-group is placed on the first branch. Just
past the first branch, the most common derived trait is listed; in this case
vascular tissue is composed of tube-like cells. The branching point or node on
a cladogram marks the point where shared derived characters arose. Next,
the second most common derived trait is determined, which in this case is
seeds. Ferns lack seeds and are thus placed on the second branch. The third
most common derived trait is flowers. Conifers do not have flowers and are
thus placed on the third branch. Flowering plants are placed at the end.
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56
What differentiates ferns from conifers?
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58
Are flowering plants more closely related to
conifers or ferns?
What characteristic do ferns, conifers, and
flowering plants all have in common?
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59
What differentiates conifers from flowering plants?
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60
Name two new technologies that add to the
specificity of phylogeny.
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62
How many years ago is detectible by the most
advanced radioactive dating technique?
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64
What is the difference between a cladogram and
an ultrametric tree?
What is radiometric dating?
What is compared when looking at the common
sequences of DNA among species?
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65
If a cladogram has 8 evolutionary steps but a
rearrangement of the species results in 6 steps, is
the original parsimonious? Why?
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66
Which is more likely: Justin Beiber is more
closely related to a banana than a chimpanzee, or
vise versa? Explain in terms of maximum
likelihood.
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67
Define parsimony.