January 30, 2013
Process
reactants
products
In which cell organelle does
the process take place?
Cell respiration
(aerobic)
Fermentation
(anaerobic respiration)
N/A
Photosynthesis
2. What is the relationship between the equation for the overall
photosynthesis reaction and the equation for the cellular
respiration reaction?
They are opposites.
3. What is the advantage of the many folds in the membrane of
mitochondria?
more surface area for reactions to get
more energy
4. Do plants carry out cellular respiration? Why or why not?
yes, need energy for life processes (growth, etc.)
5. Are carbohydrates the only reactants that cells can use for
cellular respiration? Explain.
no -- we can use lipids and proteins, too, but they
aren't as readily available for "burning"
January 30, 2013
6. Two hundred years ago, a very old Native American became ill.
To help keep his strength up, his family encouraged him to eat the
corn tortillas and buffalo meat that formed such an important part
of their diet. The wise chief ate a little, then said: “It is my time to
go and when I die, I want to be buried beneath the large
cottonwood at the bend in the creek. In this way, I will continue to
live in the generations of my great grandchildren.”
Using chapter 8 ideas, explain what the chief meant by his final
instructions. In particular, how could one of his carbon atoms
end up in a great grandchild that he never sees? Trace this atom
through decomposers (worms, bacteria, etc.), through corn and
buffalo to a great grandchild.
January 30, 2013
7. What proteins make sure that the release of the energy in glucose
happens in a controlled manner?
enzymes
8. What kind of energy is stored in glucose and ATP?
potential chemical
9. What is the purpose of chlorophyll?
to absorb light energy
10. Where is chlorophyll found?
in chloroplasts in
leaves
11. In what organisms is chlorophyll found?
plants and
algae
12. What are 2 reasons why humans depend on plants in order to
stay alive?
for all our food, oxygen
13. How do cells get the energy to make ATP?
cellular
respiration or fermentation
14. Why do they bother to make ATP instead of just using a lot
mitochondria are only organelles that
can use ATP
of glucose?
15. How do cells get energy out of ATP? What molecules are
break off phosphate to get a phosphate and
an ADP
left?
January 30, 2013
When might a cell use ATP (list 4 occasions)? What does this
building protein, making
DNA, moving muscles, maintaining a gradient -all chemical reactions (including these) in a cell
make up metabolism
have to do with metabolism?
How do the reactants and products of cellular respiration (other
than glucose) get into and out of cells? diffusion
which
doesn't require oxygen
Why can scientists use oxygen output as a measure of
because oxygen is a product of
photosynthesis, the amount produced is
proportional to the amount of photosynthesis
taking place
photosynthesis?
Why can athletic trainers use carbon dioxide output as a
because carbon
dioxide is a product of cellular respiration (which
releases energy from food); the amount produced
is proportional to the amount of cellular
respiration taking place -- no CO2 comes from
anaerobic so you can tell if an athlete's in great
shape and can stick with aerobic respiration
measure of an athlete’s energy output?
What is the root cause of the effect of conditioning on athletic
performance? (What is the basic effect of all of the changes that
conditioning makes the body
better at getting oxygen to the tissues so muscles
can use aerobic respiration (which releases much
more energy per glucose molecule than
anaerobic)
conditioning makes?)
January 30, 2013
Why is cellular respiration (aerobic respiration) so much better
than anaerobic respiration?
produces much more ATP
(36 vs. 2)
If it’s so much better, why do organisms have both? Isn’t that
sometimes need to go fast or keep
moving even if can't get oxygen to muscles
(running from sabertooth tiger!)
inefficient?
Why can muscles keep working a while without oxygen, but
successful first aid demands restarting a heart within 5 minutes?
brain can't do fermentation (anaerobic respiration)
Define:
Stomate –
Stroma –
opening in leaves for gas exchange
background "jelly" in chloroplasts
Thylakoid/grana – coin-shaped
sacs in chloroplasts
that hold chlorophyll (grana are stacks of
thylakoids)
steps in
cellular respiration that make most of the ATP and
that require oxygen, steps past glycolysis
Krebs/citric acid cycle plus electron transport chain –
light-independent part of
photosynthesis
Calvin cycle –
1st step in both aerobic (cellular)
respiration and anaerobic, releases only a little
ATP, things stop here without oxygen
Glycolysis –
January 30, 2013