Name
Date
Class
Note Taking Study Guide
Focus Ouestion: How did the Second Great Awakening affect life in the
United States?
A. As you read, note the main ideas relating to religion in the early L800s.
Religion in the Early 1800s
Discrimination
Second Great
Awakening
.
.
Camp meetings
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Mormons forced West.
Other Religious
Movements
Unitarian Church
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Name
Class
Ic*'*;l
i2i
tzi
I
Secnoru
2
Date
Note Taking Study Guide
|
Focus Question: How did the Second Great Awakeninq affect life in the
United States?
B. As you read, note the problems faced by reformers and what they accomplished.
Efforts to Reform
Causes
Educating all Americans
Besults
Public school movement
pushes for free schools.
Mental hospitals are
built.
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12
Name
Cxnprsn
al
.t
H
Class
Date
t_
j
inNote Taking Study Guide
Secroru 3
Focus ouestion: what methods did Americans use to oppose slavery?
A. As you read, summarize the ruays
people
fought slaaery.
Slave revolts
Fighting
Slavery
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Name
Class
'l ?
CHapren
i
*..io*
Date
Section Summary
2
I
In the early 1800s, a religious movement known as the Second
Great Awakening swept America. One of the most influential
revivaiists was Charles Grandison Finney. The Second Creat
Awakening greatly affected American life. Religious dedication drove many Americans to work for a wide variety of
social reforms.
Heightened religious awareness also led to the establishment of new religious groups. In New York, Joseph Smith
organized the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. His
foilowers, known as Mormons, faced frequent discrimination.
An angry mob murdered Joseph Smith. Smith's successor.
Brisham Youns. led the Mormons to oresent-dav Utah.
Other religious groups aiso faced discrimination in the
early 1800s. In Philadelphia, anti-Catholic feelings led to a violent riot. In the 1840s, a large number of Jewish immigrants
came to America to escape political unrest in Europe. However, many state constitutions barred Jews from holding office.
Dorothea Dix turned her religious ideals into action. She
found that patients suffering from mental illnesses were
housed along with criminals. Dix campaigned for humane hospitals for people with mental illnesses. Her work led directly to
the creation of the first modern mental hospitais.
Religious motivation also played a key role in the
temperance movement. This campaign worked to iimit alcohol
use. Temperance workers blamed crime and poverty on the
widespread use of alcohol.
Other reformers worked to improve education by estabiishing free, tax-supported public schools. The most influential
leader of the public schooi movement was Horace Mann. He
established training to create a body of r.t'ell-educated teachers.
Who organized the Church of
Jesus Christ of Latter-day
Saints?
OJJL
Review Questions
1. What was the goal of the temperance movement?
2. Describe the discrimination that Jewish immigrants faced in
some states.
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13
Find the word successor in the
underlined sentence. What does
it mean? Circle any nearby
words or phrases that help you
figure out what successor
means.
Understand Effects Describe
one effect of the Second Great
Awakenino.
Note Taking Study Guide
L-i
Focus Ouestion: What methods did Americans use to oppose slavery?
B. Use the chart below to contrast the different opinions held bU abolitionists and
people who opposed abolition.
Debate 0ver Slavery
Against
For
Slaveholders argued that slavery
formed the basis of the South's
econ0my.
Abolitionists believed that slave ry
was immoral.
The North's textile and shipping
industry depended on southern
cotton.
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'15
Name
Class
n"^PTER]
ti
r
Secnonr
Who led one of the most famous
slave revolts?
What does the word inevitable
mean in the underlined
sentence? Look for context
clues in the surrounding words,
phrases, and sentences. Circle
the word below that is a
synonym for inevitable.
. certain
. avoidable
Summarize What was civil
disobedience?
3
Date
Section Summary
l
I
In the mid-1800s, some reformers tried to help enslaved
African Americans. The most basic necessities of life were
barely adequate for most enslaved African Americans. While
Still, many enslaved people
fought back against their oppressors. Resistance often took the
form of sabotage, such as breaking tools or outwitting overseers. Sometimes, resistance became violent. The best-known
slave revolt took place under the leadership of Nat Turner.
Opponents of slavery risked their lives to help slaves
escape. They used a loosely organized network known as the
underground railroad. One courageous conductor was Harriet
Tubman, who guided hundreds of slaves to safety.
By the early 1800s, a growing number of abolitionists
began to speak out. Perhaps the most influential abolitionist
was William Lloyd Garrison. In 1831, Garrison began publishing an antislavery newspap er, The Liberator. Another influential
abolitionist, Frederick Douglass, was born into slavery in
Maryland. After he escaped to the North, he became apowerful speaker at abolitionist meetings.
Women played key roles in most antislavery societies.
Angelina and Sarah Grimk6 were daughters of a southern
siaveholder. They moved north to join the abolition movement.
In Massachusetts, writer and philosopher Henry David
Thoreau spent a night in jail when he refused to pay a tax he
felt supported slaverv. His idea of civil disobedience suggested that people had the right to disobey laws they felt were
unjust. This idea would influence fufure leaders.
Despite the growing call of abolitionists, most Americans
continued to oppose aboiishing slavery. Defenders of slavery
argued that slavery \A/as necessary because it formed the foundation of the South's economy. Increasingiy, slavery divided
Americans like no other issue.
Review Questions
L. What was the underground railroad?
2. Why did many Americans oppose the abolition of slavery?
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Name
Class
Cnnpre
2
Date
Note Taking Study Guide
Secnorv
Focus Question: What steos did American women take to advance their
rights in the mid-1800s?
As you read, record the causes and effects of the birth of the women's rights
moaement.
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tl
Name
Which tvvo women helped
organize the Seneca Falls
Convention?
the word procureinthe
underlined sentence. What does
it mean? Circle any nearby
words or phrases that help you
figure out what procure means.
Find
ldentify Causes and Effects
What were the effects of the
Seneca Falls Convention?
Class
Date
In the early 1800s, American women did not have many rights.
However, the push to reform American society created by the
Second Great Awakening provided new opportunities for
women. Women played leading roles in the temperance and
abolition movements. One of the most effective abolitionist lecturers was Soiourner Truth, a former slave.
In the 1820s and 1830s, the Northeast was industrializing.
This provided the first opportunity for women to work outside
the home. Thousands of young women went to work in the
new mills and factories.
In the 1830s, many urban middle-class northern women
began to hire poor women to do their housework. These
middle-class women had more time to think about the society
in which they wanted to raise their children. Also, as more
women began to work in the abolitionist movement, they
started to see their own situation as simiiar to slavery. They
began to call for increased rights of their own.
Women's rights reformers began to publish their ideas in
pamphlets and books. In 1848, Lucretia Mott and Elizabeth
Cady Stanton helped organize the nation's first Women's
Rights Convention, held in Seneca Falls, New York. Often
called the Seneca Falls Convention, the meeting attracted hundreds of men and women. The delegates adopted a
Declaration of Sentiments. The declaration called for greater
opportunities for women.
The Seneca Falis Convention marked the beginning of the
women's rights movement, the campaign for equal rights for
women, in the United States. It also inspired women such as
Susan B. Anthony. Anthony worked to procure women's
suffrage, or the right to vote. Bv the mid-1800s, American
women had laid the foundation for future equality.
Review Questions
L. How did industriaiization affect women's rights?
2. Explain how the abolitionist movement impacted the
women's rights movement.
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or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.