AP European History
Chapter 14: Reform and Renewal in the Christian Church
Name:____________________
Period:__________
Complete the graphic organizer as you read Chapter 14. DO NOT simply hunt for the answers; doing so will leave holes in your
understanding of the text. Be sure to include details regarding political/diplomatic, cultural/intellectual and social/economic themes.
I.
The Condition of the Church (ca 1400-1517)
a. Damaged Prestige
Crusades
Explain how each even damaged the prestige of the Catholic Church
Babylonian Captivity
What did reformers want to do?
b. Signs of Disorder
What three issues did critics focus on?
1.
2.
3.
Great Schism
Explain the role that each of the following issues/individuals played in leading up to the Reformation:
Celibacy
Clergy
Absenteeism/Pluralism
Thomas Wolsey
Renaissance Popes (in general)
c. Signs of Vitality
Describe the signs of Vitality:
II.
Martin Luther & the Birth of Protestantism
a. Biographical Information
b. Beliefs
c. The Ninety-Five Theses
Explain the sequence of events that led Martin Luther to post his Ninety-Five Theses:
What is an indulgence?
What are the three main principles of indulgences?
1.
2.
3.
Describe the causes & consequences of the Diet of Worms:
Who is Ulrich Zwingli? Describe his beliefs:
d. Protestant Thought: List & Describe Luther’s Four Main Issues
Religion
Beliefs
Catholicism
Lutheranism
Zwinglism
Calvinism
e. Social Impact of Luther’s Beliefs
Peasants
“Images in Society”
How did Protestants (especially in the Netherlands) furnish their churches?
How did Catholics & Protestants use religious art?
III.
Germany and the Protestant Reformation
a. The Holy Roman Empire
How did the HRE differ from other major powers of the era?
What characterized Germany at this time?
For what reasons did the various electors respond to Luther’s calls for religious reform?
How did Charles V accumulate such a diverse empire? What kept this empire together?
Women
b. Rise of the Hapsburg Empire
Draw the Hapsburg family tree in the space provided:
c. The Political Impact of Luther’s Beliefs
Describe the impact of each of the following people/events/decisions on the political climate of Europe
Appeal to Christian
Nobility of the German
Patriotism
Nation
Diet of Worms
Disaster for Germany
Peace of Augsburg (1555)
IV.
The Growth of the Protestant Reformation
Beliefs
Important Locations
a. Calvinism
Significant Events
b. Anabaptism
c. The English Reformation
Describe the state of the Catholic Church in England at the beginning of the 16th century:
Detail how the Reformation in England was an act of state initiated by the king’s emotional life:
Why couldn’t Pope Clement grant Henry VIII’s request for an annulment?
Role of Women
What was the Supremacy Act (1534)?
Why did Henry VIII marry each of the following women?
Catherine of Aragon
Anne Boleyn
How did the English Reformation combine personal, political, social and economic elements?
Personal
Political
Social
The Church of England (Anglican Church or Episcopalian Church)
Popular Reaction
Beliefs
Jane Seymore
Economic
Efforts of Sir Thomas More
What impact did each of the following rulers have upon the Church of England?
Edward VI
Mary Tudor
d. The Establishment of the Church of Scotland
Important People
Beliefs
What was impact of Protestantism in Ireland?
What was the impact of Protestantism in Sweden, Norway & Denmark?
Elizabeth I
Political Impact
V.
The Catholic Reformation and Counter-Reformation
What is the difference between the Catholic Reformation and the Counter-Reformation?
a. The Slowness of Institutional Reforms
Reasons
b. The Council of Trent
Dates
Goals
c. New Religious Orders
Name
The Ursuline Nuns
Founder
Purpose
Methods
Describe the Index of Prohibited Books
Achievements
The Society of Jesus
VI.
The Document-Based Question (DBQ)
a. Please read the “Introduction” on page A-2 (at the end of the textbook). Keep that in mind as you examine the documents on
page A-5.
DBQ 2: Reform and Renewal in the Christian Church
Question: Discuss to what extent the religious schism during the sixteenth century was symptomatic of political, social and economic
problems
Document
Document 1: Martin Luther, Document 2: Martin Luther,
Document 3: The Twelve
Document 4: The Act of
Address to the Christian
Against the Murderous,
Articles, 1524
Supremacy, 1534
Nobility, 1520
Thieving Hordes, 1525
Summary
Point of View
Write a thesis statement that specifically addresses the above question:
In the space below, outline how you would answer one of the following Free Response Essay Questions
1. Analyze the impacts of the Protestant Reformation and the Catholic Reformation (Counter Reformation) on the social order of sixteenth-century
Europe.
2. Evaluate the influence of Renaissance humanism on Catholic reforms and the Protestant Reformation.
3. Analyze the aims, methods and degree of success of the Catholic Reformation (Counter-Reformation) in the 16th century.