Blood Vessel Worksheet
1. The wall of a blood vessel consists of three layers. The outermost layer is the tunica
,
which helps to anchor the vessel to an organ. In larger blood vessels, this layer also contains smaller
vessels called the
to supply blood to the large vessel. The middle
layer is called the tunica
. This layer consists of
and is
generally the thickest layer. Sympathetic stimulation of this layer results in
,
while parasympathetic stimulation results in
. The innermost layer is the
tunica
, which is composed of simple squamous epithelial lining called
.
2. The largest arteries are the
arteries. These are located closest to the heart, where
pressure is generally the greatest. Elastic arteries have a thick tunica
, with elastic fibers
distributed throughout all layers, which gives them the ability to
under pressure. Elastic
arteries branch into medium sized
arteries, which have a proportionally
tunica
media than elastic arteries. Muscular arteries branch into even smaller
. These
vessels have a
tunica media.
3. Arterioles get progressively smaller and ultimately connect to
, which are the
smallest blood vessels. The walls of these vessels consist of only the tunica
.
Because they are the only vessels across which nutrient exchange occurs, this structure is directly related
to function of capillaries, as it enables rapid
of gases. To adequately supply tissues
with blood, capillaries form
around tissues, and blood flow is
regulated by rings of muscle called
.
4. What are the three types of capillaries?
5. How do they differ from each other?
6. Where would you expect to find each type?
7. Why do veins have valves?
8. What is the “pump” that drives the flow of blood through veins?
Lymphatic System
Match the cell to its function.
1. B-lymphocyte
.
2. Helper T-lymphocyte
.
3. NK cell
.
4. Memory B-lymphocytes
.
5. Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte
.
6. Plasma cells
.
Match the organ to its function
1. Spleen
.
2. Tonsil
.
3. Lymph node
.
4. Thymus
.
E.
F.
G.
H.
I.
J.
A.
B.
C.
D.
Kill infected cells; must be activated by helper T cell
Confer lifelong immunity
Kill wide variety of cells, including cancer cells
Produce antibodies
Present antigen to other lymphocytes; secrete cytokines
Are activated to become plasma cells
Filter antigens from lymph
Site of T-cell maturation
Phagocytizes erythrocytes, platelets, and bacteria
Traps antigens
Respiratory System Worksheet
Draw a diagram/flow chart of the pathway of air flow beginning with the nasal cavity and ending with the
alveoli. Indicate which structures in your diagram are conducting structures and which are respiratory
structures.
What are the three types of cells that make up an alveolus and what is the function of each?
Cell Type
Function
Digestive System Worksheet
1. List the primary digestive organs and the general function of each.
2. List the accessory digestive organs and the general function of each.
3. The largest of the three salivary glands are the
glands. These glands also secrete an
enzyme called
, which is responsible for digestion of starch. The salivary glands that
secrete the majority of saliva are the
glands. The glands that secrete the least amount of
saliva are the
glands.
4. Two types of digestion occur within the digestive system. The breakdown of food molecules by enzymes is
referred to as
digestion. The churning action of the stomach and mastication are
examples of
digestion.
5. Organs of the abdominal cavity are surrounded by a serous membrane called the
Organs that are completely surrounded by this membrane are referred to as
while organs that are located behind this membrane are referred to as
of this membrane that extend from the body wall and suspend organs are called
.
,
. Folds
.
The fold that hangs from the stomach and covers the abdominal organs is the
.
The fold that connects the stomach to the liver is the
. The small
intestines are suspended by the
, while the large intestines are
suspended by the
.
6. The inner layer of the wall of the alimentary canal is called the
. The type of
epithelium that lines this layer is
epithelium. In the stomach
and intestines, this epithelium functions in
of digestive enzymes and
of nutrients. Beneath the epithelial layer is the
,
which contains lymph nodules, referred to as
, which function in immunity. The outermost
layer of the mucosa is a smooth muscle layer called the
. The next layer
after the mucosa is the
. This layer contains many structures, including
ducts,
-secreting glands,
, and
. The
third layer of the wall is the
. This layer consists of two layers of smooth muscle.
The inner layer consists of
muscle, which forms
that can constrict the
tube in a process called
. The outer layer consists of
muscle, which
shorten the tube during a process called
. The outermost layer of the wall is the
, which consists of areolar CT and visceral peritoneum.
You just ate a tasty meal. Draw a flow chart/diagram of the structures your meal would pass through from
the mouth to the anus (include all sphincters, etc). Indicate in which region(s) digestion of carbohydrates,
lipids, and proteins would take place
Oral cavity 
Urinary System Worksheet
Draw and label a nephron.
1. Identify the region of the nephron where each process occurs:
Site of filtration
.
Primary site of reabsorption of nutrients
.
Site of reabsorption of water and solutes
.
+
+
Site of secretion of K and H ions
.
2. The outer region of the kidney that contains the glomerular capsules and convoluted tubules is the
renal
. The inner region of the kidney that contains the loops of Henle and the
collecting ducts is the
.
3. Use a flow chart to trace a drop of filtrate from the glomerulus to the urinary bladder.
Glomerulus 
4. Trace a drop of blood from the renal artery through the kidney and back to the renal vein.
Reproductive System Worksheet
Female Reproductive System
1. The primary sex organs in females are the
2. What are the accessory sex organs?
.
3. The two primary functions of the ovaries are production of
and
.
4. Eggs develop with the ovaries as
, which consist of an
oocyte surrounded by follicular cells. The most primitive are the
follicles, which
consist of a
oocye surrounded by a single layer of
cells.
These follicles become
follicles, which consist of a
oocyte
surrounded by a single layer of
cells. These follicles then become
follicles,
which consiste of a
oocyte, many layers of cells, and a fluid-filled
.
The oocyte in these follicles is surrounded by two layers: the
and the
. Mature follicles are called
or
follicles.
These follicles contain a
oocyte, many layers of follicular cells, and an enlarged
. Once the follicle is fully matured, it ruptures from the side of the ovary in a
process called
. Following ovulation, the remnants of the follicle become the
, which secretes the hormones
and
to stimulate growth of the endometrium. If fertilization does not occur, the
corpus luteum will degrade into a lump of scar tissue called a
.
5. What is the site of fertilization of the egg?
6. What are the functions of the uterus?
7. The clitoris is homologous to the
8. The labia majora are homologous to the
of males.
of males.
Male Reproductive System
1. The two primary functions of the testes are production of
Sperm production occurs in the
production occurs in the
cells.
2. Why are testes located in the scrotum and not in the pelvic cavity?
and
, while testosterone
3. What structures make up the spermatic cord?
4. The site of sperm storage and maturation is the
. Sperm are transported out of
this structure by the
, which travels alongside the bladder and
ultimately joins the
, which secretes seminal fluid. Sperm and
seminal fluid are combined within the
, which passes through
the prostate gland. This passageway connects to the
, which carries both semen
and urine out of the body.
5. Name the three glands in males and the secretions/functions of each.
a.
b.
c.
6. Trace the path of a sperm from its location of formation until it fertilizes an egg. Make sure to include
ALL structures that the sperm must pass through on its journey, including the two layers that it must
penetrate in order to fertilize the oocyte.
Seminiferous tubules 
the seminal vesicle 
urethra 
(in the female now!) 
canal thru body of uterus 
(around oocyte)
 oocyte (at last!)

 joins with

urethra 
urethra  external urethral orifice 
(opening)  cervical
(site of fertilization) 
(around oocyte)
.