زﻣﺎﱏ )ﻮردﱙ ﺳﯚراﱏ
—Sorani Kurdish—
A Reference Grammar
with Selected Readings
W. M. Thackston
ii
CONTENTS
PHONOLOGY
The Phonology of Sorani Kurdish ..................................................................1
Stress ..............................................................................................................3
The Writing System .......................................................................................4
SUBSTANTIVES
§ 1. The Absolute State .................................................................................8
§ 2. The Indefinite State ................................................................................8
§ 3. The Definite State ...................................................................................9
§ 4. Demonstratives .....................................................................................10
§ 5. Attributive Adjectives: The Open Adjectival Izâfa..............................10
§ 6. Possession: The Izâfa Construction......................................................10
§ 7. Attributive Adjectives with Demonstratives and Definites: The
Close Izâfa Construction ................................................................11
§ 8. Attributive Adjectives with Definite Nouns .........................................12
§ 9. Synopsis of Noun States .......................................................................13
§ 10. Personal Pronouns ...............................................................................15
§ 10.1 Possessive Pronouns ..........................................................................15
§ 11. Enclitic -îsh .........................................................................................16
§ 12. Cardinal Numbers ...............................................................................17
§ 12.1 Ordinal Numbers ...............................................................................18
§ 12.2 Days of the Week ..............................................................................18
§ 12.3 Months of the Year and the Kurdish Calendar ..................................18
§ 13. Comparative and Superlative Adjectives ............................................19
§ 14. Prepositions, Postpositions, Circumpositions .....................................20
§ 14.1. Preposed Pronominal Prepositional Complements ..........................22
iii
THE VERB
§ 15. Present Copulas ...................................................................................25
§ 16. ‘To Have’ ............................................................................................26
§ 17. The Present Habitual/Progressive .......................................................26
§ 18. Verbs in -awa ......................................................................................29
§ 19. The Present Subjunctive ......................................................................30
§ 20. ‘To Want’ ............................................................................................34
§ 21. ‘To Be Able’........................................................................................35
§ 22. ‘To Remember’ ...................................................................................36
§ 23. Pronominal Objects of Verbs ..............................................................37
§ 24. The Imperative ....................................................................................38
§ 25. The Simple Past (Intransitive) .............................................................40
§ 26. The Past Habitual/Progressive (Intransitive).......................................41
§ 27. The Simple Past (Transitive): The Ergative ........................................42
§ 27.1 The Ergative in South Sorani ............................................................45
§ 27.2 Pronouns as Logical Objects of Past Transitive Verbs .....................46
§ 27.3 Pronominal Prepositional Complements with Agent Affixes ...........48
§ 27.4 Displacement of a Possessive Pronoun by a Preposed Prepositional
Complement ...................................................................................51
§ 28. The Perfect Active Participle ..............................................................53
§ 29. The Present Perfect Tense (Intransitive) .............................................53
§ 29.1 The Present Perfect Tense (Transitive) .............................................54
§ 30. The Past Perfect Tense (Intransitive) ..................................................55
§ 30.1 The Past Perfect Tense (Transitive) ..................................................56
§ 31. The Past Subjunctive ...........................................................................57
§ 32. The Irrealis Mood ................................................................................60
§ 33. The Past Conditional ...........................................................................61
§ 34. The Passive Voice ...............................................................................63
§ 34.1 The Past Passive Participle ................................................................65
§ 35. Postposed Verbal Complements..........................................................66
§ 36. Factitive Verbs ....................................................................................68
iv
OTHER SYNTACTICAL FEATURES
§ 37. Expressions of Temporal Duration .....................................................70
§ 38. Subordinating Conjunctions ................................................................71
§ 39. Relative Clauses ..................................................................................72
§ 40. Directional Nouns in -è .......................................................................75
§ 41. Orthographic Peculiarities of Sorani Kurdish .....................................75
§ 42. Vowel Contractions. ............................................................................77
Verb Tenses and Moods ...............................................................................78
Synopsis of Tenses and Moods ....................................................................85
Conditional Sentence Types .........................................................................86
Conversion Table for the Sorani and Kurmanji Alphabets ..........................88
READINGS ..................................................................................................91
92...................................................................... «ﺎن:; »ﭘﻪﻧﺪى ﭘ?ﺸ=ﻴ،( ﮔﯚﭬﺎرى ﴎوﻩ١)
101............................................................. «ﻦ و ﺳ=ﻴﻜﻪﺗﯚرﻩC »ﺧﻮ،( ﳏﻪﻣﻪد رﻩﻣﻪزاﱏ٢)
102............................................................. «ﻪڵJﻮى ﺗﻪﻣI »ر،( ﳏﻪﻣﻪد ﺣﻮﺳ?ﻦ ﭘﺎﺳ=ﻴﺎر٣)
104.......................................................... «ﻮارﻩى ﻣﺎﺗﻪمS »ﺑﻮﻟﺒﻮل و ﺋ،( ﺋﻪﻧﻮﻩر رﻩوﺷﻪن۴)
108......................................................................... « »ﮔﺎﺷﻪ ﺑﻪرد،ﺸﺎYXﻪﻻل ﻣﻪV (۵)
120........................................................... « ﭘﻪﺧﺸﺎن: »]ﳻ ﺋﻪدﻩﰉ،( ﯾﻮﺳﻒ ]ﺑﻪ)ﺮى۶)
122................................................................................. « »ﺗﻪرم،ﻛﻪﱃe( ﻓﻪرﻫﺎد ﺷ٧)
129...................................................... «ﻪوت )ﻮڕﻩi »ﭘﺎﺷﺎى،ﻖ:ﺢ ﺗﯚﻓkﻪﻣﻪ ﺻﺎi ( ﶊﺪ٨)
142............................................................... « »ﺋﻪﲪﻪد ﭘﺎﺷﺎ،ﻖ:ﺢ ﺗﯚﻓkﻪﻣﻪ ﺻﺎi ( ﶊﺪ٩)
149.................................................................... «ﺎﱏu »ﻣﻦ و ﻣﻪم و زﯾﲎ،( ﻫﻪژار١٠)
156.................................................................................................( )ﻮردﺳﺎت١١)
159................................................................................................... ﻪ]تu (١٢)
160..................................................... The New Anatolian ﲑﭬﺎن ]رزاﱏ ﺑﯚyS( ﻧ۱۳)
Kurdish–English Vocabulary .....................................................................163
v
vi
PREFACE
KURDISH BELONGS to the Western Iranian group of the Indo-Iranian branch
of the Indo-European family. The two principal branches of modern literary
Kurdish are (1) Kurmanji, the language of the vast majority of Kurds in
Turkey, Syria, Armenia, and Azerbaijan, the area designated by Kurdish
nationalists as “North Kurdistan,” with an estimated fifteen to seventeen
million speakers, and (2) Sorani, the language of most Kurds in Iraq (four to
six million speakers) and Iran (five to six million speakers), the area designated as “South Kurdistan.” Although the two are closely related, Kurmanji
and Sorani are not mutually intelligible and differ at the basic structural
level as well as in vocabulary and idiom. Since Kurdish is fairly closely
related to and has been massively influenced by Persian, the dominant
literary and cultural language of the area for the last millennium, Kurdish is
best approached with a basic knowledge of Persian.
While Kurmanji is still far from being a unified, normalized, or standardized language, Sorani has been the second official language of Iraq since the
creation of that country after World War I and has many decades of literary
activity behind it. In Iran, Kurdish has never been accorded official status,
but in Iranian Kurdistan there has been noteworthy publication in Kurdish,
particularly after the Iranian revolution. The area in which Sorani is spoken
in Iran is more or less the region designated as Kurdistan. Outside of that
area, south to Kermanshah and east as far as Bijar, the language is known as
Gorani, or South Sorani, which is a Mischsprache that is basically Persian
in structure but Kurdish in vocabulary.
The readings, chosen to give samples of a broad range of prose writing
ranging from fairy tales to the internet, are provided with running glosses
beneath the texts, and the glosses in the readings are also contained in the
Kurdish–English vocabulary at the end of the book. Words considered to be
absolutely basic vocabulary are not glossed in the notes, since it is assumed
that these words either are known already or will be actively acquired by
looking them up in the vocabulary in the back. Generally words are not
glossed more than once in the notes because any word encountered a second
vii
SORANI KURDISH
time should be learned actively. Words are glossed after the first instance
only if they are considered rare enough to warrant being ignored for acquisition. Because Sorani Kurdish dictionaries are not easily obtainable, I have
made the vocabulary as large as possible. It contains around 4,000 words,
which represent a basic working vocabulary for the language.
For dictionaries of Sorani, the following may be consulted:
Hazhâr, Hanbâna borîna: Farhang-i Kurdî–Fârsî, 2 vols. Tehran: Surûsh, 1368 [1989]. With definitions in both Kurdish and Persian,
this is by far the most comprehensive dictionary of Kurdish, but
Kurmanji words are also included without any differentiation.
Hazhâr uses ُ وinstead of ووfor û; otherwise the orthography is standard.
McCarus, Ernest N. Kurdish–English Dictionary, Dialect of Sulaimania. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1967.
Qazzaz, Shafiq. The Sharezoor Kurdish–English Dictionary. Erbil:
Aras, 2000.
Sulaymân, Mustafâ. Ferhengî zarawey zanistî. Sulaymani, 2001.
Wahby, Taufiq. A Kurdish–English Dictionary. Oxford: Clarendon
Press, 1966.
An on-line Sorani dictionary is available at www.namonet.com.
viii
The Phonology of Sorani Kurdish
Vowels:
î
i
e
a
û
u
o
â
î
is like the ‘ee’ in ‘beet’ and ‘tree,’ International Phonetic Alphabet
(IPA) [i], as in hîch [hitS] ‘nothing.’
i
is like the ‘i’ in ‘bit,’ IPA [I], as in girtin [gIr»tIn] ‘to take’
e
is like the ‘ai’ in ‘bait,’ IPA [e], without the y-offglide of English, as in
hez [hez] ‘power’
a
is like the ‘a’ in ‘bat,’ IPA [Q], as in tanaka [tQnQ»kQ] ‘tin can,’ except (1) in the sequence aw, where it is pronounced [´], (2) when it is
followed in the same syllable by y, in which case it is pronounced [´],
as in tanakakay [tQnQkQ»k´y] ‘his tin can,’ and (3) when it is followed by y but not in the same syllable, in which case it is pronounced
[E], as in tanakayek [tQnQ»kEyek] ‘a tin can.’
û
is like the ‘oo’ in ‘boot,’ IPA [u], as in gûr [guR] ‘calf’
u
is like the ‘u’ in ‘put’ and ‘pull,’ IPA [U], as in gurg [gURg] ‘wolf’
o
is like the ‘oa’ in ‘boat,’ IPA [o], without the w-offglide of English, as
in goř [gor] ‘level’
â
is like the ‘a’ in ‘father’ and ‘balm,’ IPA [A], as in gâ [gA] ‘cow’
Consonants:
bilabial labiodental dental/alveolar palatal velar
plosive
fricative
p
t
k
b
d
g
f
s
kh
v
z
gh
1
uvular glotto-pharyngeal
q
ḥ, h
SORANI KURDISH
nasal
m
approximants
w
sh
ch
zh
j
n
y
flap, trill
r, ř
laterals
l
b
ł
is like the ‘b’ of English, IPA [b]
ch is like the ‘ch’ in ‘church,’ IPA [tS]
d
is like the ‘d’ of English, IPA [d]
f
is like the ‘f’ of English, IPA [f]
g
is the hard ‘g’ of English in ‘go’ and ‘get,’ IPA [g]
gh is a voiced velar fricative, IPA [ƒ], like the Arabic ;غit rarely occurs
word-initially and is usually replaced by kh in borrowed words (e.g. ﰬ
gham ‘grief’ > kham); word-finally it is often in free variation with kh.
h
is like the ‘h’ of English, IPA [h]
ḥ
where it exists (according to regional dialect: fairly generalized in Iraq,
rare in Iran), it is a voiceless pharyngeal fricative, IPA [ħ], like the
Arabic ; حotherwise it is not distinguished from h
j
is like the ‘j’ in ‘judge,’ IPA [dZ]
k
is like the ‘k’ of English, IPA [k]
kh is a voiceless velar fricative, IPA [x], like the ch in German Bach and
the Arabic خ
l
is a liquid ‘l’ [l] as in Persian, like the ‘l’ in ‘lee’
ł
is like the dull ‘l’ of English in ‘all’ [¥]; in some areas it is a lateral
fricative, like the ll of Welsh [¬]; it does not occur word-initially (cf.
gul ‘leper’ with guł ‘flower’ and chil ‘forty’ with chił ‘stalk’)
m
is like the ‘m’ of English, IPA [m]
n
is like the ‘n’ of English, IPA [n]
2
PHONOLOGY
p
is like the ‘p’ of English, IPA [p]
q
is a voiceless uvular stop, like the Arabic ق, IPA [q]
r
is a flap as in Persian and Italian, IPA [R]; does not occur word-initially
ř
and rr are trills, IPA [r], like the rr of Spanish (cf. khor [xoR] ‘sun’
with khoř [xor] ‘blood’ and bar [bQR] ‘breast’ with bař [bQr] ‘rug’);
all initial r’s are trilled (verbal stems beginning with r are trilled regardless of prefixes, as in řoysht ‘he went’ and dařoysht ‘he was going’)
s
is like the ‘s’ of English in ‘see,’ IPA [s]
sh is like the ‘sh’ in ‘ship,’ IPA [S]
t
is like the ‘t’ of English, IPA [t]
v
is like the ‘v’ of English, IPA [v], but it is of rare occurrence in Sorani
w
is like the English ‘w’ except before e, i, and î, when it is a close back
unrounded semivowel, IPA [µ], like the ‘u’ in French cuire and huit.
y
is like the ‘y’ of English, IPA [j]
z
is like the ‘z’ of English, IPA [z]
zh is like the French ‘j’ and the ‘g’ in ‘beige,’ IPA [Z]
Stress. All nouns and adjectives are stressed on the final syllable: tanaká
[tQnQ»kQ] ‘tin can,’ gawrá [g´w»RQ] ‘big’. When enclitic endings are
added, stress remains on the final syllable of the base word: tanakáyèk
[tQnQ»kEyek] ‘a tin can,’ tanakáyèk i gawrá [tQnQ»kEyeki g´w»rQ] ‘a big
tin can.’ The definite suffix is stressed: tanakayaká [tQnQkEyQ»kQ] ‘the tin
can.’
The hierarchy of stress in verbs is as follows:
(1) The negative prefixes na- and nâ-, as in náchû [»nQtSu] ‘he didn’t
go’ and nâ´che [»nAtSe] ‘he doesn’t go.’
(2) Preverbs like war-, hał-, and dâ-, as in wárgeřâm [»wQRgerAm] ‘I
returned,’ háłdagirim [»hQ¬dQgIRIm] ‘I pick up,’ and dâ´nîshtim [»dAniStIm] ‘I sat down.’
3
SORANI KURDISH
(3) The modal prefixes (d)a- and bi- as in dábînim [»dQbinIm] ‘I see’
and bíbînim [»bIbinIm] ‘let me see.’
(4) When there are no prefixes on finite verbal forms, the final syllable
of the verb stem is stressed, as in hâ´tin [»hAtIn] ‘they came’ and kírdibetmânawa [»kIRdIbetmAn´wQ] ‘that we have opened it.’
(5) The infinitive is stressed on the final syllable, as in hâtín [hA»tIn] ‘to
come.’
The Writing System
The Kurdo-Arabic alphabet consists of the following letters:
ا
ب
پ
ت
(ث
ج
چ
ح
خ
alif
b
p
t
s)
j
ch
ḥ
kh
د
(ذ
ر
ڕ
ز
ژ
س
ش
(ص
d
( ضz)
z)
( طt)
r
( ظz)
ř
ع
غ
ف
ڤ
ق
ك
z
zh
s
sh
s)
‘
gh
f
v
q
k
گ
ل
ڵ
م
ن
و
ه
ى
ﺋـ
g
l
ł
m
n
w
h
y
hamza
Letters in parentheses are not normally used. Some writers occasionally
“import” these specifically Arabic letters for use in words borrowed from
Arabic, even though the vowels are written in the Kurdish manner. Thus,
khâsatan ‘especially’ (from the Arabic ـﺎ ّﺻـ ًﺔu), usually written ـﺎﺳـﻪﺗـﻪنu, may
be written ـــﺎﺻـــﻪﺗـــﻪنu; and khat ‘line’ (from the Arabic )ﺧـــﻂ, usually written
ــــــﻪتu, may be written as ــــــﻪطu. There are very few doubled consonants in
Kurdish; the few that exist are written with a double consonant, as in –ـــkﺷـــﺎ
shâłłâ ‘God willing.’ ‘Ayn ( )عis almost always retained in Arabic words
( ﻣـﻪﻋـﻨـﺎma‘nâ ‘meaning’ and ‘ ™ـﻪرﻩبarab ‘Arab’); in Iraq the ‘ayn is usually
pronounced as it is in Arabic; in Iran it is either a glottal stop or a prolonga4
PHONOLOGY
tion of a preceding vowel, as in Persian.
The vowels are written as follows:
a is written (1) word-initially with hamza + final h, as in ﺋﻪمam
(2) elsewhere with a final (or alone) h, as in ﺑـــــﻪرbar and دﻩم
dam
â is written (1) word-initially with hamza + alif, as in ﺋــــﺎواتâwât, or, alternatively, with alif-madda, as in آواتâwât
(2) elsewhere with an alif, as in ]رbâr
e is written (1) word-initially with hamza + y with a caret above, as in
ﻮارﻩS ﺋewâra
(2) elsewhere with y with a caret above, as in ﺑ?ﺮber
i is written (1) word initially as alif, as in اﻣ›وimřo
(2) elsewhere i is not indicated in the writing system, as in ـﺮœ
bir and ﮔــــﺮ•ــــﻦgirtin; it is the only vowel not indicated in
the writing system (see below)
î is written (1) word-initially with hamza + y, as in ﺋﻴﱰîtir
(2) elsewhere with y, as in ﺑﲑbîr
o is written (1) word-initially as hamza + vâv with a caret above, as in
ﺋﯚدﻩoda
(2) elsewhere with a wâw with a caret above, as in ﺑﯚرbor
u is written (1) word-initially as hamza + vâv, as in ـﺪŸ ﺋـﻮﻣـumed; alternatively initial u can be written as alif + vâv, as in ــــــﺪŸاوﻣــــــ
umed
(2) elsewhere with one wâw, as in ﺑﻮرbur
û is written with two wâws, as in ﺑﻮورbûr.
The vowel i of the izâfa is written as y ( )یattached directly to words ending in letters that join to the left. Thus, kurdakân i kurdistân i ‘erâq (‘the
Kurds of Iraqi Kurdistan’) is written: ﺳ=ﺘـﺎﱏ ™?ــﺮاق
)ـﻮردﻩﰷﱏ )ـﻮرد ــ. When added to
words ending in letters that do not join to the left, the y is written in the
alone form, as in tanaka i gawraká, written ﺗﻪﻧﻪﮐﻪی ﮔﻪورﻩﮐﻪ.
The trilled ř is indicated by a caret over or under the r, as in ﻓـ›ۆﻛـﻪor ﻓـﺮۆﻛـﻪ
fiřoka ‘airplane.’ Since all initial r’s are trilled, they are rarely marked.
5
SORANI KURDISH
The “dull l,” called lâm i qaław “fat l” in Kurdish, is indicated by a caret
over the l, as in ﻪوk ﻗﻪqaław.
The only illogicality in the system lies in the writing of the sequence ye,
which is written ﯾـﻪ, as though it were ya, as in nâmayek, written ¦ﻣـﻪﯾـﻪك, and
داﯾﻪdâyè. For this and other orthographic peculiarities and variants, see §41.
The letters with their various initial, medial, final, and alone shapes are as
follows (those marked with an asterisk do not connect to the left and are
followed by an initial or alone form):
NAME
alif*
ALONE
FINAL
MEDIAL
INITIAL
ا
ـﺎ
ـﺎ
ء
ـﺐ
ـﭗ
ـﺖ
ـﺚ
ـﺞ
ـﭻ
ـﺢ
ـﺦ
ـﺪ
ـﺬ
ـﺮ
›ـ
ـﺰ
ـﮋ
ـﺲ
ـﺶ
ـﺺ
ـﺾ
ـﻂ
ـ¨ـ
ـJـ
ـ«ـ
ـ-ـ
ـ¯ـ
ـﺠـ
ـﭽـ
ـﺤـ
ـﺨـ
ـﺪ
ـﺬ
ـﺮ
›ـ
ـﺰ
ـﮋ
ـﺴـ
ـﺸـ
ـﺼـ
ـﻀـ
ـﻄـ
ا
آ
ﺋـ
ﺑـ
ﭘـ
ﺗـ
ﺛـ
ﺟـ
ﭼـ
ﺣـ
ﺧـ
د
ذ
ر
ڕ
ز
ژ
ﺳـ
ﺷـ
ﺻـ
ﺿـ
ﻃـ
alif + madda (initial only)
hamza
b
p
t
s
j
ch
ḥ
kh
d*
z*
r*
ř*
z*
zh*
s
sh
s
z
t
ء
ب
پ
ت
ث
ج
چ
ح
خ
د
ذ
ر
ڕ
ز
ژ
س
ش
ص
ض
ط
6
PHONOLOGY
ﻇـ
ﻋـ
ﻏـ
ﻓـ
ﭬـ
ﻗـ
ﻛـ
ﮔـ
ﻟـ
kـ
ﻣـ
ﻧـ
و
ﻫـ
ﯾـ
ـﻈـ
ـﻌـ
ـﻐـ
ـﻔـ
ـﭭـ
ـﻘـ
ـﻜـ
ـﮕـ
ـﻠـ
ـØـ
ـﻤـ
ـÛـ
ـﻮ
ـﻬـ
ـ:ـ
ـﻈـ
ـﻊ
ـﻎ
ـﻒ
ـﭫ
ـﻖ
ـﻚ
ـﮓ
ـﻞ
ـ×
ـﻢ
ـﻦ
ـﻮ
ـﻪ
ـﻰ
ظ
ع
غ
ف
ڤ
ق
ك
گ
ل
ڵ
م
ن
و
ه
ى
ﺋﻪ
ﺋﺎ
ﺋŸـ
ا
ﺋ:ـ
ﺋﯚ
ﺋﻮ
ﺋﻮو
ـﻪ
ـﺎ
ـŸـ
ـﻪ
ـﺎ
ـß
ه
ا
ێ
e
_
_
_
i
ـ:ـ
ـﯚ
ـﻮ
ـﻮو
ـﻰ
ـﯚ
ـﻮ
ـﻮو
ى
ۆ
و
وو
î
z
‘
gh
f
v
q
k
g
l
ł
m
n
*w
h
y
Vowels:
7
a
â
o
u
û
THE GRAMMAR OF SORANI KURDISH
SUBSTANTIVES
§ 1. The Absolute State of the Noun. A Kurdish noun in the absolute state,
i.e. without any ending of any kind, gives a generic sense of the noun. It is
also the “lexical” form of the noun, i.e. the form in which a noun is given in
a vocabulary list or dictionary. The absolute state is normally used for the
generic sense, as in ﻗـﺎوﻩ رﻩﺷـﻪqâwa rash a ‘coffee is black’ and ـــﻪ
:à وﻩﻓـﺮ ﺳwafr
spî a ‘snow is white’.
§ 2. The Indefinite State. The sign of the indefinite singular (‘a, any,
some’) is an unstressed enclitic -(y)èk (i.e. ـــﻚI -èk after consonants and ﯾـــﻪك
-yèk after vowels) added to the end of the absolute singular noun.
ﭘﻴﺎوpyâw ‘man’ > ﻚI ﭘﻴﺎوpyâwèk ‘a man’
رۆژrozh ‘day’ >
ﻚI رۆژrozhèk ‘a day’
دﻩرﮔﺎdargâ ‘door’ > دﻩرﮔﺎﯾﻪكdargâyèk ‘a door’
¦ﻣﻪnâma ‘letter’ > ¦ﻣﻪﯾﻪكnâmayèk ‘a letter’
Among the modifiers that demand that a following noun be indefinite are
ـﻪﻧـﺪá chand ‘a few,’ ﻫـﻪﻣـﻮوhamû ‘every,’ چchi ‘what?,’ and ﻫـﻪرhar ‘each,’
as in
ﻚIﻪﻧﺪ ﭘﻴﺎوá chand pyâwèk
ﻚI ﻫﻪﻣﻮو رۆژhamû rozhèk
چ ﻻﭘﻪڕﻩﯾﻪكchi lâpařayèk?
ﻫﻪر ﻻﯾﻪكhar lâyèk
a few men
every day
what page?
each direction
The construction …i zor ‘many, a lot of’ also takes a preceding indefinite
singular noun:
8
SUBSTANTIVES
ﲃ زۆرC )ﻮردkurdèk i zor
a lot of Kurds
ﲃ زۆرC ﭘﻴﺎوpyâwèk i zor
many men
The indefinite plural is formed by adding -ân to the absolute singular. If the
absolute singular ends in -â, the indefinite plural ending is -yân. Nouns with
absolute singulars ending in -a, like nâma, form the indefinite plural by
dropping the final -a and adding -ân.
ﭘﻴﺎوpyâw >
ﭘﻴﺎوانpyâwân (some) men
دﻩرﮔﺎdargâ >
نã دﻩرﮔﺎdargâyân (some) doors
¦ﻣﻪnâma >
¦ﻣﺎنnâmân (some) letters
ﲃä ﺋﻪﻣﻪرamarîkî > ﺎن:ﻜä ﺋﻪﻣﻪرamarîkîân (some) Americans
§ 3. The Definite State. Singular nouns are made definite (‘the’) by adding
the suffix -(a)ká (i.e. -aká after consonants, u, e, and î, and -ká after the
vowels a, â, and o). The combination îaká often results in a vowel contraction to eká, sometimes so spelled in Kurdish.
ﭘﻴﺎوpyâw >
ﭘﻴﺎوﻩﻛﻪpyâwaká the man
ﲃä ﺋﻪﻣﻪرamarîkî > ﻪﻛﻪ:ﻜä ﺋﻪﻣﻪرamarîkîaká the American
ﻛﺘﺎوىktâwî >
ﻛﺘﺎوﯾﻪﻛﻪktâwîaká the student
دێde >
ﻪﻛﻪI دdeaká the village
دﻩرﮔﺎdargâ >
ﻛﻪe دﻩرﮔdargâká the door
¦ﻣﻪnâma >
¦ﻣﻪﻛﻪnâmaká the letter
The definite plural is made by adding (a)kân to the singular, i.e. by changing the -(a)ká of the definite singular to -(a)kân.
ﭘﻴﺎوﻩﻛﻪpyâwaká > ﭘﻴﺎوﻩﰷنpyâwakân the men
ﻛﺘﺎوﯾﻪﻛﻪktâwîaká > ﻛﺘﺎوﯾﻪﰷنktâwîakân the students
ﻛﻪe دﻩرﮔdargâká > ﰷنe دﻩرﮔdargâkân the doors
¦ﻣﻪﻛﻪnâmaká >
¦ﻣﻪﰷنnâmakân the letters
9
SORANI KURDISH
§ 4. Demonstratives. As attributive adjectives the demonstratives (‘this,
that’) envelop the nouns they modify. ‘This’ is ﺋــــــﻪم…)ﯾـــــــ(ـﻪam…(y)á, and
‘that’ is ﺋـــﻪو…)ﯾــــ(ـﻪaw…(y)á. The forms of nouns enveloped by demonstratives are the absolute singular and the indefinite plural.
ﭘﻴﺎوpyâw > ﺋﻪم ﭘﻴﺎوﻩam pyâwá this man, ﺋﻪم ﭘﻴﺎواﻧﻪam pyâwâná these men
ﻛﺘﺎوىktâwî > ﺋﻪم ﻛﺘﺎوﯾﻪam ktâwîá this student, ﻧﻪã ﺋﻪم ﻛﺘﺎوam ktâwîâná these students
دﻩرﮔﺎdargâ > ﺋﻪم دﻩرﮔﺎﯾﻪam dargâyá this door, ﻧﻪã ﺋﻪم دﻩرﮔﺎam dargâyâná these doors
¦ﻣﻪnâma > ﺋﻪو ¦ﻣﻪﯾﻪaw nâmayá that letter, ﺋﻪو ¦ﻣﺎﻧﻪaw nâmâná those letters
The demonstrative pronouns are ﺋــﻪﻣــﻪamá ‘this,’ ﺋــﻪﻣــﺎﻧــﻪamâná ‘these,’ ﺋــﻪوﻩ
awá ‘that,’ and ﺋﻪواﻧﻪawâná ‘those.’
§ 5. Attributive Adjectives: The Open Adjectival Izâfa. The attributive
adjective following a noun that is (1) absolute singular, (2) indefinite singular, or (3) indefinite plural is linked to the noun by the unstressed vowel i
(called the izâfa vowel). The izâfa is written as یadded directly to words
that end in joining letters or an alone یafter non-joining letters.
ﲆ ]شS ﻫﯚﺗhotel i bâsh
ﲃ ]شSﻠS ﻫﯚﺗhotelèk i bâsh
ﻼﱏ ]شS ﻫﯚﺗhotelân i bâsh
ﮋC ¦ﻣﻪى درnâma i drezh
ﮋC ¦ﻣﻪﯾﻪﰽ درnâmayèk i drezh
ﮋC ¦ﻣﺎﱏ درnâmân i drezh
good hotel1
a good hotel
(some) good hotels
long letter
a long letter
(some) long letters
§ 6. Possession: The Izâfa Construction. The same izâfa vowel i links the
two parts of a possessive construction and is equivalent to the English ‘of.’
ﲞﺎﻧﻪﯾﻪكé ﻛﺘﺎوﯾﻪﰷﱏ ﻗﻮktâwîakân i qutâbkhâna-
the students of a school
yèk
1
This also has the generic sense, as in “good hotels are hard to find” or “a good
hotel is hard to find.” It contrasts with the following indefinite hotelek i bâsh, as in
“there is a good hotel on the corner.”
10
SUBSTANTIVES
ﻪﻛﻪى ﺋﻪو ﭘﻴﺎوﻩI دdeaká i aw pyâwá
ﻪﻛﻪIﻪﰷﱏ ﭘﻴﺎوﻩﰷﱏ دk ﻣﺎmâłakân i pyâwakân i
that man’s village
the houses of the men of
deaká
the village
ﺎﳜﺎﻧﻪﻛﻪá ﻛﻪىe دﻩرﮔdargâká i châykhânaká
دﻩرﺳﻪﰷﱏ ﺋﻪم ﻛﺘﺎوﻩdarsakân i am ktâwá
the door of the teahouse
the lessons of this book
§ 7. Attributive Adjectives with Demonstratives and Definites: The
Close Izâfa Construction. When noun-adjective constructions are enveloped by the demonstratives or modified by the definite suffix, the linking
vowel changes to a. The indefinite is, of course, excluded from this category.
]ﺷﻪﻛﻪëS{ ﻫﯚﺗhotel a bâsh}aká
]ﺷﻪëS ﺋﻪم ﻫﯚﺗam {hotel a bâsh}á
ﻪﻛﻪ:ﻜä{ ﭘﻴﺎوﻩ ﺋﻪﻣﻪرpyâw a amarîkî}aká
ﻪ:ﻜä ﺋﻪو ﭘﻴﺎوﻩ ﺋﻪﻣﻪرaw {pyâw a amarîkî}á
{ دﻩرﺳﺎﻧﻪ ﺋﺎﺳﺎﻧﻪﻛﻪdarsân a âsân}aká
ﺋﻪم دﻩرﺳﺎﻧﻪ ﺋﺎﺳﺎﻧﻪam {darsân a âsân}á
ﻪﻛﻪ-{ دﻩرﺳﺎﻧﻪ ﺳﻪﺧdarsân a sakht}aká
ﻪ- ﺋﻪو دﻩرﺳﺎﻧﻪ ﺳﻪﺧaw {darsân a sakht}á
the good hotel
this good hotel
the American man
that American man
the easy lessons
these easy lessons
the hard lessons
those hard lessons
If the noun in a close-izâfa construction ends in -a, the linking a is omitted,
as in the following:
ﲞﺎﻧﻪ اﺑﺘﺪاﺋﻴﻪﰷنé{ ﻗﻮqutâbkhâna ibtidâî}akân
ﺎﳜﺎﻧﻪ ﮔﻪورﻩﻛﻪá {châykhâna gawra}ká
ﺎﳜﺎﻧﻪ ﮔﻪورﻩﯾﻪá ﺋﻪمam {châykhâna gawra}yá
{ ﻧﻪﺗﻪوﻩ ﯾﻪﻛﮕﺮﺗﻮوﻩﰷنnatawa yekgirtû}akân
1
the elementary schools
the big teahouse
this big teahouse
the United Nations
ibtidâîakân may contract to ــﲀنS اﺑــﺘــﺪاﺋــibtidâekân. For the contraction îa > e, see
§42.
1
11
SORANI KURDISH
The envelopment of the demonstrative is extendable indefinitely and includes all matter immediately related to a demonstrative phrase.
رى )ـــﺮدﱏãـــﲎ ﺋـــﻪم دí ﺑـــﯚ ﺗـــﻮاﻧـــbo twânîn i am {dyârî
ﮕﺎى ﻣﲑ ﮔﻪورﻩﯾﻪŸ ﺟkirdin i jegâ i Mîr Gawra}yá
in order to enable this
clarification of Mir
Gawra’s position
Close izâfa constructions may be mixed with open izâfa constructions, as in
the following:
ـﺎﳜـﺎﻧـﻪ ﮔـﻪورﻩﻛـﻪى ﺳـﻪر ﺷـﻪﻗـﺎﻣـﻪá {châykhâna gawraká} i
ﺳﻪرﻩ)ﻴﻪﻛﻪى ﺷﺎرsar {shaqâm a sarakî-
the big teahouse on the
major street in town
aká} i shâr
§ 8. Attributive Adjectives with Definite Nouns. Attributive adjectives
modifying definite nouns also are linked to the noun by the izâfa vowel i,
but the placement of the definite suffix, both singular and plural, is variable.
دﻩرﺳﻪﰷﱏ ﺳﻪﺧﺖdarsakân i sakht
ﻪﻛﻪ- دﻩرﺳﺎﻧﻪ ﺳﻪﺧdarsân a sakhtaká
ﻪﰷن- دﻩرﺳﻪ ﺳﻪﺧdars a sakhtakân
the hard lessons1
Noun–adjective constructions in which the izâfa is embedded (the second
and third examples above), where plural and definite suffixes fall at the end
of the izâfa “string,” represent a very close connection, inseparable in the
mind of the speaker, between noun and adjective.
1
These three examples all have the same meaning in English, but they connote
different aspects of noun-adjective linkage to the speaker of Kurdish. دﻩرﺳـﻪﰷﱏ ﺳـﻪﺧـﺖ
darsakân i sakht are the lessons (about which we already know), which happen to be
hard, not necessarily in contrast to anything else. ـﻪﮐـﻪ- دﻩرﺳـﺎﻧـﻪ ﺳـﻪﺧـdarsân a sakhtaká
points out the specific lessons that are hard, as in ـﻪوﺗـﻪم دﻩرﺳـﺎﻧـﻪi دﻩرﳻ ﭼـﻮارﻩم و د رﳻ
ـﻪﮐـﻪى ﺋـﻪم ـﻛﺘـﺎوﻩن- ﺳـﻪ ـﺧdars i chwâram u dars i hawtam darsân a sakhtaká i am ktâwán
“lesson four and lesson seven are the hard lessons in this book.” ـﻪﰷن- دﻩرﺳـﻪ ﺳـﻪﺧـdars
a sakhtakân is “the hard lessons” as opposed to, say, دﻩرﺳـﻪ ﺋـﺎﺳـﺎﻧـﻪﰷنdars a âsânakân
“the easy lessons,” where the adjectives “hard” and “easy” are inextricably linked to
“lessons,” i.e. we are considering “hard-lessons” vs. “easy-lessons.”
ه
12
SUBSTANTIVES
A good example is ـﻰ ﺳ ـﻮورk ﮔ ـﻮguł i sûr ‘red flower, rose.’ If the speaker is
thinking of a flower that simply happens to be red, say a red carnation, the
indefinite is ـﲃ ﺳـﻮورSk ﮔـﻮـgułèk i sûr, the definite is ـﻪﻛـﻪى ﺳـﻮورk ﮔـﻮgułaká i sûr,
the indefinite plural is ﱏ ﺳــــــــﻮورî ﮔــــــــﻮgułân i sûr, and the definite plural is
ـــﻪﰷﱏ ﺳـــﻮورk ﮔـــﻮgułakân i sûr. If by guł i sûr the speaker means the ‘rose,’ in
which case sûr is inseparable from guł, the indefinite is ـــﻚIـــﻪ ﺳـــﻮورk ﮔـــﻮguł a
sûrèk, the definite ـﻪ ﺳ ـﻮورﻩﻛ ـﻪk ﮔ ـﻮis guł a sûraká, the indefinite plural is ـﻪkﮔ ـﻮ
ﺳـــﻮورانguł a sûrân, and the definite plural is ـــﻪ ﺳـــﻮورﻩﰷنk ﮔـــﻮguł a sûrakân.
Similar close constructions are the following:
ﻣ?ﮋووﻧﻮوﺳﻪ ™ﻪرﻩﺑﻪﰷنmezhûnûs a ‘arabakân
the Arab historians
Here we are considering only Arab historians, not historians who happen to
be Arabs, who would be ﻣ?ﮋووﻧﻮوﺳﻪﰷﱏ ™ﻪرﻩبmezhûnûsakân i ‘arab.
ﺑﻴﻪ )ﻮردﻩﰷنé ﻗﻮqutâbî a kurdakân
the Kurdish students
Similarly here only students who are Kurdish are under consideration. The
students who happen to be Kurdish, but not as an exclusive category, would
be ﺑﻴﻪﰷﱏ )ﻮردé ﻗﻮqutâbîakân i kurd.
§ 9. Synopsis of Noun States.
SINGULAR
absolute
indefinite
definite
demonstrative
PLURAL
ﻛﺘﺎوktâw ‘book’
¦ﻣﻪnâma ‘letter’
ﻚI ﻛﺘﺎوktâwèk
¦ﻣﻪﯾﻪكnâmayèk
ﻛﺘﺎوﻩﻛﻪktâwaká
¦ﻣﻪﻛﻪnâmaká
ﺋﻪم ﻛﺘﺎوﻩam ktâwá
ﺋﻪم ¦ﻣﻪﯾﻪam nâmayá
—
—
ﻛﺘﺎوانktâwân
¦ﻣﺎنnâmân
ﻛﺘﺎوﻩﰷنktâwakân
¦ﻣﻪﰷنnâmakân
ﺋﻪم ﻛﺘﺎواﻧﻪam ktâwâná
ﺋﻪم ¦ﻣﺎﻧﻪam nâmâná
LOOSE-IZÂFA NOUN-ADJECTIVE CONSTRUCTIONS
absolute
ﻛﺘﺎوى ﮔﻪورﻩktâw i gawra
ﮋC ¦ﻣﻪی درnâma i drezh
13
—
—
SORANI KURDISH
indefinite
definite
demonstrative
ﲃ ﮔﻪورﻩC ﻛﺘﺎوktâwèk i gawra
ﮋC ¦ﻣﻪﯾﻪﰽ درnâmayèk i drezh
ﻛﺘﺎوﻩﻛﻪى ﮔﻪورﻩktâwaká i gawra
ﮋC ¦ﻣﻪﮐﻪی درnâmaká i drezh
ﺋﻪم ﻛﺘﺎوﻩam ktâw a gaw ﮔﻪورﻩﯾﻪrayá
ﮋﻩC ﺋﻪم ¦ﻣﻪ درam nâma drezhá
ﻛﺘﺎواﱏ ﮔﻪورﻩktâwân i gawra
ﮋC ¦ﻣﺎﱏ درnâmân i drezh
ﻛﺘﺎوﻩﰷﱏ ﮔﻪورﻩktâwakân i gawra
ﮋC ¦ﻣﻪﰷﱏ درnâmakân i drezh
ﺋﻪم ﻛﺘﺎواﻧﻪam ktâwân a
ﮔﻪورﻩﯾﻪgawrayá
ﮋﻩC ﺋﻪم ¦ﻣﺎﻧﻪ درam nâmân a drezhá
CLOSE-IZÂFA NOUN-ADJECTIVE CONSTRUCTIONS
absolute
indefinite
definite
demonstrative
ﻛﺘﺎوﻩ ﮔﻪورﻩktâw a gawra
—
ﮋC ¦ﻣﻪ درnâma drezh
—
ﻛﺘﺎوﻩ ﮔﻪورﻩﯾﻪكktâw a gawrayèk ﻛﺘﺎوﻩ ﮔﻪورانktâw a gawrân
ﻚIﮋC ¦ﻣﻪ درnâma drezhèk
ﮋانC ¦ﻣﻪ درnâma drezhân
ﻛﺘﺎوﻩ ﮔﻪورﻩﰷن1. ktâw a gawrakân
ﻛﺘﺎوﻩ ﮔﻪورﻩﻛﻪktâw a gawraká
ﻛﺘﺎواﻧﻪ ﮔﻪورﻩﻛﻪ2. ktâwân a gawraká
ﮋﻩﰷنC ¦ﻣﻪ در1. nâma drezhakân
ﮋﻩﻛﻪC ¦ﻣﻪ درnâma drezhaká
ﮋﻩﻛﻪC ¦ﻣﺎﻧﻪ در2. nâmân a drezhaká
ﺋﻪم ﻛﺘﺎوﻩam ktâw a gaw ﺋﻪم ﮐﺘﺎوﻩam ktâw a gawrâná
ﮔﻪورﻩﯾﻪrayá
ﮔﻪوراﻧﻪ
ﮋﻩC ﺋﻪم ¦ﻣﻪ درam nâma drezhá ﮋاﻧﻪC ﺋﻪم ¦ﻣﻪ درam nâma drezhâná
§ 10. Personal Pronouns. The independent personal pronouns are as follows:
ﻣﻦ
ﺗﯚ
ﺋﻪو
ﻤﻪSﺋ
ﻮﻩSﺋ
ﺋﻪوان
min I
to you (sing.)
aw he, she, it
ema we
ewa you (pl.)
awân they
The independent personal pronouns are used as (1) subjects of equational
sentences:
14
SUBSTANTIVES
. ﻣﻦ )ﻮردمMin kurdim.
I’m a Kurd.
(2) emphatic subjects of verbs and topics of topic-comment sentences:
.ﻮﻩ ﻧﻪﻫﺎ•ﻦS ﺋ، ﺋﻪو ﻫﺎتAw hât; ewa náhâtin.
He came; you didn’t.
.ﮓ ﻧﻴﻪï ﻣﻦ ﺋﻪوم ﺑﻪﻻوﻩ ﮔﺮMin awim balâwa giring
niya.
For me, that’s not
important.
and (3) emphatic possessors in an izâfa string:
ﻛﺘﺎوﻩﻛﻪى ﻣﻦktâwaká i min
ﻤﻪSﻧﻪﻛﻪى ﺋð=ﺸí ﻧnîshtimânaká i ema
my book
our homeland
For pronominal objects of verbs, see §23.
§ 10.1. Possessive Pronouns. The normal possessive pronouns are unstressed enclitics added to the noun. They take the following forms:
AFTER CONSONANTS
م
ت
ی
´-im
´-it
´-î
ﻣﺎن
نé
نã
AFTER VOWELS
´ م-m
´ ت-t
´ ی-y
´-mân
´-tân
´-yân
´ ﻣﺎن-mân
نé ´-tân
نã ´-yân
Examples of possessive pronouns with kuř ‘son’ and pâra ‘money’:
ﻮڕمñ
ﻮڕتñ
ﻮڕیñ
kúřim
kúřit
kúřî
ﻮڕﻣﺎنñ
نéﻮڕñ
نãﻮڕñ
kúřmân
kúřtân
kúřyân
ﭘﺎرﻩم
ﭘﺎرﻩت
ﭘﺎرﻩی
pârám
pârát
pâráy
ﭘﺎرﻩﻣﺎنpârámân
نé ﭘﺎرﻩpârátân
نã ﭘﺎرﻩpâráyân
The enclitic possessive pronouns may be added to the absolute (ـــــﻮڕمñ kúřim,
ﭘـﺎرﻩمpârám), the definite (ـﻮڕﻩﮐـﻪمñ kuřakám, ﭘـﺎرﻩﮐـﻪمpârakám), or the indefinite
(ـــﲂCـــﻮڕñ kúřekim, ﭘـــﺎرﻩﯾـــﻪﰼpâráyekim) forms of the noun. When added to the
absolute, the noun has a figurative meaning; for actual, concrete meanings
the definite form is used. For instance, money ( ﭘـــــــــﺎرﻩpâra) you can hold in
your hand you would call ﭘـﺎرﻩﻛـﻪمpârakám ‘my money,’ while ﭘـﺎرﻩمpâram is
figurative, more like ‘my wealth.’ Someone who writes for a living can be
said to earn his livelihood by means of ـــﻪﱉk ﻗـــﻪqałamî ‘his pen,’ but what he
actually holds in his hand is ــﻪﻣــﻪﻛــﻪىk ﻗــﻪqałamakay ‘his pen.’ Compare and
contrast the following:
15
SORANI KURDISH
FIGURATIVE
ACTUAL
ﭘﺎرﻩتpârat your money, your
ﭘﺎرﻩﻛﻪتpârakát your (real) money,
wealth
your cash
)ﻮڕمkuřim my son, “sonny”
¦ﳕﺎنnânmân our livelihood
ﺘﺎنk ﻣﺎmâłtân your home
)ﻮڕﻩﻛﻪمkuřakám my (real) son
¦ﻧﻪﻛﻪﻣﺎنnânakámân our bread
نéﻪﻛﻪk ﻣﺎmâłakátân your house
Exceptions to the general rule. Prominent exceptions to the general formation are the family members ( ]وكbâwk ‘father,’ داﯾـﻚdâyik ‘mother,’ ـﺮاœ birâ
‘brother’ and ﺸـﻚö ﺧـﻮﻩ ـkhwayshk ‘sister’) and ¦وnâw ‘name.’ When modified
by pronominal possessives, these nouns are the reverse of the formation
described above. ـﺮ÷ﻛـﻪمœ Birâkám and ﺸﻜـﻪﻛـﻪمö
ﺧـﻮﻩ ـ ـkhwayshkakám are used to
address or refer to anyone other than one’s real brothers and sisters, who are
called ــــﺮامœ birâm and ــــﺸــــﲂö ﺧــــﻮﻩkhwayshkim. ¦وىNâwî means ‘his (real)
name,’ as opposed to ¦وﻩﻛ ـﻪىnâwakáy, which means ‘his name’ in the sense
of a label or sobriquet given to someone, not his actual name.
When possessives are added to the indefinite form of the noun, they mean
‘a … of mine,’ &c., e.g. ـﲂCـﻮڕñ kuřekim ‘a son of mine,’ ـﮑـﺖC ﮐـﺘـﺎوktâwekit ‘a
book of yours,’ and ﮑﯽŸﻣX ﻗﻪqalamekî ‘a pen of his,’ &c.
§ 11. Enclitic -îsh. The enclitic particle -îsh (‘too, also, even’ and often
equivalent to a simple raised voice inflection in English) is added to nouns,
noun–adjective phrases and pronouns. It cannot follow a finite verb form.
When added to words ending in vowels, -îsh loses its own vowel in favor of
the preceding vowel, becoming ’sh. When added to words that have an enclitic pronoun attached, -îsh intervenes between the noun and pronoun.
ﻣﻦmin I/me >
ﻤﻪS ﺋema we/us >
]وﰽbâwkî his father >
نã ﭘﺎرﻩﻛﻪpârakáyân their money >
ﺶíÛ ﻣmínîsh I/me too
ﻤﻪشS ﺋema’sh we/us too
ﴙí ]وﻛbâwkîshî his father too
ﭘﺎرﻩﻛﻪﺷ=ﻴﺎنpâraká’shyân their money
too
16
SUBSTANTIVES
ﻘﻪﰷﱎ: رﻩﻓrafîqakânim my friends >
ﺸﻢíﻘﻪﰷﻧ: رﻩﻓrafîqakânîshim even my
friends
§ 12. Cardinal Numbers. The cardinal numbers are as follows:
ﯾﻪك١
دوو٢
ß ﺳ٣
ﭼﻮار٤
ﺞÛ? ﭘ٥
ﺷﻪش٦
ﻪوتi ٧
ﻫﻪﺷﺖ٨
ﻧﯚ٩
دﻩ١٠
ﺰﻩïã ١١
ﺰﻩï دوا١٢
ﺰﻩï ﺳ=ﻴﺎ١٣
ﭼﻮاردﻩ١٤
ﺰدﻩï ﭘﺎ١٥
ﺰﻩï ﺷﺎ١٦
ﻪﭬﺪﻩi ١٧
ﻫﻪژدﻩ١٨
ﻧﯚزدﻩ١٩
1 yek
2 dû
3 se
4 chwâr
5 penj
6 shash
7 ḥawt
8 hasht
9 no
10 da
11 yânza
12 dwânza
13 syânza
14 chwârda
15 pânza
16 shânza
17 ḥavda
18 hazhda
19 nozda
ﺴﺖí ﺑ٢٠ 20 bîst
ﺴﺖ و ﯾﻪكí ﺑ٢١ 21 bîst u yek
ﺴﺖ و دووí ﺑ٢٢ 22 bîst u dû
ßﺴﺖ و ﺳí ﺑ٢٣ 23 bîst u se, &c.
ﳻ٣٠ 30 sî
ﳻ و ﯾﻪك٣١ 31 sî u yek
ﳻ و دوو٣٢ 32 sî u dû
ß ﳻ و ﺳ٣٣ 33 sî u se, &c.
ﻞá ٤٠ 40 chil
ﭘﻪﳒﺎ٥٠ 50 panjâ
ﺷﻪﺳﺖ٦٠ 60 shast
ﺎ-ﻪﻓi ٧٠ 70 ḥaftâ
ﻫﻪﺷ=ﺘﺎ٨٠ 80 hashtâ
ﻧﻪوﻩد٩٠ 90 nawad
ﺳﻪد١٠٠ 100 sad
ﻫﻪزار١٠٠٠ 1000 hazâr
دوو ﻫﻪزار۲۰۰۰ 2000 dûhazâr
ﻫﻪزارß ﺳ۳۰۰۰ 3000 sehazâr
ﭼﻮار ﻫﻪزار٤٠٠٠ 4000 chwârhazâr, &c
All words having to do with time and instance follow the cardinal number
immediately in the absolute state:
دوو رۆژdû rozh
ﮓï ﺷﻪش ﻣﺎshash mâng
ﺳﻪد ﺳﺎڵsad sâł
two days
six months
a hundred years
With other words the cardinal number is followed by a classifier, which is
followed by the singular noun in the absolute state, as in Persian. The most
common classifiers, and those which can be used, practically speaking, for
almost anything are داﻧـﻪdâna for things, ﻧـﻪﻓـﻪرnafar for people, and ﺳـﻪرsar
17
SORANI KURDISH
for animate beings other than people.
ﭼﻮار داﻧﻪ ﻛﺘﺎوchwâr dâna ktâw
ﺞ ﻧﻪﻓﻪرÛ? ﭘpenj nafar
دﻩ ﺳﻪر ﻣﻪڕda sar mař
four books
five people
ten sheep
§ 12.1 Ordinal numbers. The ordinal numbers are formed from the cardinal numbers plus the suffix -(h)am, as follows:
ﯾﻪﻛﻪم
دووﻫﻪم
ﻬﻪمS=ﺳ
ﭼﻮارﻩم
ﻪم#Û?ﭘ
ﺷﻪﺷﻪم
1st
2nd
3rd
4th
5th
6th
yekam
7th
dûham
8th
seham
9th
chwâram
10th
penjam
11th
shasham
12th
ﻪوﺗﻪمi
ﻫﻪﺷ=ﺘﻪم
ﻧﯚﻫﻪم
دﻩﻫﻪم
ﺰﻩﻫﻪمïã
ﺰﻩﻫﻪمïدوا
ḥawtam
hashtam
noham
daham
yânzaham
dwânzaham, &c.
§ 12.2 Days of the Week and Months of the Year. The days of the week,
made up mostly of cardinal numbers and ﺷﻪﳑﻪshamma, are as follows:
ﺷﻪﳑﻪshamma
ﺸﻪﳑﻪ% ﯾﻪyekshamma
دووﺷﻪﳑﻪdûshamma
ﺳ?ﺸﻪﳑﻪseshamma
ﭼﻮارﺷﻪﳑﻪchwârshamma
ﺠﺸﻪﳑﻪÛ? ﭘpenjshamma
ﺟﻮﻣﻌﻪjum‘a
Saturday
Sunday
Monday
Wednesday
Thursday
Friday
Tuesday
§ 12.3 Months of the Year and the Kurdish Calendar. The traditional
months of the year, which correspond to the signs of the zodiac, are as follows:
ﺑﻪﻫﺎرBAHÂR SPRING
ﻮﻩSﮐﻪﻟeu khâkalêwa Aries, March 21–
وﺳ=ﺘﺎنé TÂWISTÂN SUMMER
ﭘﻮﺷ=ﭙﻪڕpushpař Cancer, June 22–
April 20
]ﻧﻪﻣﻪڕ
July22
bânamař or ﮔﻮﻻنgulân
ﮋC ﮔﻪﻻوgalâwezh Leo, July 23–
Taurus, April 21–May 21
August 22
ﺟﯚزﻩردانjozardân Gemini, May 22–
ﻪرﻣﺎ¦نu kharmânân Virgo, August
June 21
23–September 22
18
SUBSTANTIVES
ﻪزانu XAZÂN AUTUMN
رﻩزﺑﻪرrazbar Libra, September 23–
زﺳ=ﺘﺎنZISTÂN WINTER
ﺑﻪﻓﺮاﻧﺒﺎرbafrânbâr Capricorn, Decem-
October 22
ﻮﻩرkﻪزﻩu
ber 22–January 20
khazałwar or ﺰانC ﮔﻪﻻرgalâ-
ـﺒﻪﻧﺪانI رrebandân Aquarius, January
rezân Scorpio, October 23–
21–February 19
رﻩﺷﻪﻣﻪrashama Pisces, February 20–
November 21
ﺳﻪرﻣﺎوﻩزsarmâwaz Sagittarius,
March 20
November 22–December 21
The names of the Western (Roman) months are as follows:
ﰷﻧﻮوﱏ دووﻫﻪمkânûn i dûham January
ﺷﻮ]تshubât February
ﺋﺎدارâdâr March
ﺴﺎنí ﻧnîsân April
رã ﺋﺎâyâr May
ﺮانä ﺣﻮزﻩḥuzayrân or ﺮانäﻪزi
ﺗﻪﻣﻮوز
ﺋﺎب
ﺋﻪﯾﻠﻮول
(ﴩﯾﲎ ﯾﻪﮐﻪم
(ﴩﯾﲎ دووﻫﻪم
tamûz July
âb August
aylûl September
tishrîn i yekam October
tishrîn i dûham November
ﰷﻧﻮوﱏ ﯾﻪﮐﻪم
ḥazîrân June
kânûn i yekam December
The recently instituted “Kurdish era” dates from 612 B.C., and the Kurdish
year, like the Iranian, begins on ﻧــــــــــﻪورۆزnawroz, the vernal equinox, on or
about March 21.
§ 13. Comparative and Superlative Adjectives. The comparative degree
of the adjective is made by suffixing •ـﺮ-tir, e.g. ﮔـﻪورﻩgawra ‘big’ > ﮔـﻪورﻩ•ـﺮ
gawratir ‘bigger,’ ﮔــﻪرمgarm ‘warm’ > ﮔــﻪرﻣــﱰgarmtir ‘warmer,’ and ã زzyâ
‘much’ > •ـﺮã زzyâtir ‘more.’ The preposition of comparison is X la, as in the
following examples.
.) ﺳﺎرد•ﺮﻩI دوX ﺋﻪﻣ›ۆAmřo la dwene sârdtir a.
Today is colder than yesterday.
.ﻛﱰﻩeá وﻩX ﺋﻪﻣﻪAma l’ awa châktir a.
This is better than that.
The superlative degree is formed by suffixing ـــﻦä •ـــﺮ-tirîn. Superlative adjectives so formed precede the nouns they modify, as in
ﻦ رۆژä ﺳﺎرد•ﺮsârdtirîn rozh
19
the coldest day
SORANI KURDISH
ﻦ ﺷ=ﺘﺎنäﻛﱰeá châktirîn shitân
ﺪاڵÛﻦ ﻣä ﺟﻮاﻧﱰjwântirîn mindâł
the best things
the most beautiful child
§ 14. Prepositions, Postpositions, Circumpositions. Certain prepositions,
in particular the prepositions ﺑـﻪba ‘in, at,’ دﻩda ‘to, in, into’ and X la ‘by, to,
in, at’ and ‘from,’ occur as circumpositions that envelop the complement,
that is, the preposition itself marks the beginning of the prepositional
phrase, and the end of the complement is marked by a postpositional element like -awa, -(d)â, or -râ.
دوورﻩوﻩX la dûrawa
ﺧﯚﻩوﻩX la khoawa
دﻩ ﺋﻪرزﯾﺪاda arzîdâ
ﺧﯚراX la khor’â
ﻧﻴﻮﻩﺷﻪوداX la nîwashawdâ
ﻪدا-م وﻩﺧX l’ am wakhtádâ
from afar
by itself, by oneself
on the ground
by itself, by oneself
in the middle of the night
at this time
The d of dâ is often dropped, particularly but not necessarily after n, giving
-’â, as in
¦ )ﻮردﺳ=ﺘﺎX la Kurdistân’â
¦ﻪى ﺳﯚراá ¦وX la nâwcha i Sorân’â
ـــﻪى:ـــﻨـــﻪوارﻩﰷﱏ ¦ﺣـــI ﺷـــﻮX la shwenawârakân i
ﺸﺎí ﺧﯚرﻣﺎﻟnâḥiya i Khormâl’îsh’â
ﭘﺎﺷﺎX la pâsh’â
ﺎÛﮔﻪڵ ﻣX lagał min’â
in Kurdistan
in the district of Soran
in the monuments of the
Khormal region too
after(wards)
with me
The postpositional element does not usually, in and of itself, add anything
substantial to the meaning of the prepositional phrase, and most prepositions occur without the postpositional element without any significant
change in meaning—with the important exception of la…dâ ‘in, at’ and
la…awa ‘from,’ where the postpositions define the meaning of la. When la
lacks the postpositional element, the meaning must be ascertained from con20
SUBSTANTIVES
text.
Common prepositions and circumpositions:
ﺑﻪ
ba (ß* ﭘpe) to; with, by
ـﻪوﻩ... ]ﺑﻪتX
labâbat …awa concern-
ـﻪوﻩ... ]رﻩىX
]ﰏX
ﻦœX
ﱴIﺮœX
دﻩم …داX
(ﮔﻪڵ …)داX
labâra i …awa concerning
(instrumental)
…ـﻪوﻩ+ﺑﻪ
ﺑﻪدﻩم …ـﻪوﻩ
ing, about
babe …awa without
badam …awa along with,
while, during
ﺑﻪﻻى …ـﻪوﻩ
balâ i …awa in the opinion of
*ﻰSﺑﻪﭘ
X ﺑﻪر
دا... ﺑﻪرﻩوى
bape i according to
bar la before (temporal)
ﻻﯾﻪن …ـﻪوﻩX
baraw i …dâ in the direc-
¦وX
ﻮ …داSﻧX
baraw in front of, toward
bardam before, in the face
of
ladam …dâ behind
lagał …(dâ) with, together
lalâyan …awa by (passive
lanâw within
lanew …dâ between,
among
ﺎوى …داÛ?ﭘX
lapenâw i …dâ for the
رﻩوىX
رێ …ـﻪوﻩX
laraw i with respect to
sake of
lare i …awa by means of;
for
ﮕﺎ …داCرX
laregâ …dâ for the sake
of
ﺳﻪرX
from
(ß )ﻟX la (le) in, from
lasar on, on top of;
according to
ﺮ …داCژX
¦و
ﻮانSﻧ
ﭘﺎش
ﭘ?ﺶ
وﻩك
la …(dâ) in, at
la …awa from, than
labar …(dâ) in front of,
before
ﺑﻪر …ـﻪوﻩX
ﺑﻪﯾﲎ …داX
labiret i instead of
agent)
+ be without
ـﻪوﻩ... X ﺠﮕﻪS ﺑbejiga la …awa except for
ﺑﯚbo for
(,) دﻩda (te) on, in
دﻩﮔﻪڵdagał with
دواىdwâ i after
X ﺟﮕﻪjiga la except for, aside
( …)داX
…ـﻪوﻩX
(ﺑﻪر …)داX
labin beside
with
tion of
ﺑﻪرﻩوﻩ
ﺑﻪردﻩم
labât i instead of
labar …awa because of
labayn i …dâ between,
lazher …dâ under
nâw between, among
newân between, among
pâsh after
pesh before (spacial)
wak like
among
§ 14.1. Preposed Pronominal Prepositional Complements. When pro21
SORANI KURDISH
nouns are complements of prepositions, they occur as enclitics unless they
are to be particularly stressed. Pronominal compliments may be either preposed, i.e. added to the word preceding the preposition, or postposed, i.e.
added to the preposition itself. When the following prepositions have enclitic complements, either pre- or postposed, they change their forms as follows:
ﺑﻪ
دﻩ
X
ـﻪ
ba becomes ß* ﭘpe
da becomes , te
la becomes ß ﻟle
-à becomes ێ-è (see §35 below)
All prepositions may take an independent pronoun as complement, as in X
ﻣـﻦla min ‘from me.’ If the pronoun is enclitic, the preposition changes to ßﻟـ
le. When the enclitic pronoun is postposed the phrase is ـــﻢS ﻟـــlem ‘from me,’
and such phrases with postposed complements generally occur as tag
phrases, i.e. falling after the verb, or at the end of a clause or sentence.
When the prepositional phrase falls before the verb, or before the end of a
clause or sentence, the enclitic pronoun is usually preposed as ß ـﻢ ﻟـــــــ-im le,
and the enclitic pronoun must be attached to some available preverbal matter.
For instance, in the sentence
ﻘﻪﻛﻪى دﻩﰷ: رﻩﻓX ﻚIﺮﺳ=ﻴﺎر/
pirsyârèk la rafîqakay
dákâ
he asks a question of his
friend
if rafîqakay is changed to a pronoun and the prepositional phrase is a tag,
the sentence becomes
*ﻰSﻚ دﻩﰷ ﻟIﺮﺳ=ﻴﺎر/ pirsyârèk dákâ ley
he asks a question of him
Normally, however, the prepositional phrase would have a preposed complement as
دﻩﰷßﲃ ﻟCﺮﺳ=ﻴﺎر/
pirsyârèkî le dákâ
he asks a question of him
pirsyârèk la min dákâ
he asks a question of me
In the sentence
ﻣﻦ دﻩﰷX ﻚIﺮﺳ=ﻴﺎر/
min ‘me’ is stressed, but it could be expressed with an enclitic pronoun (and
22
SUBSTANTIVES
therefore not particularly stressed) as
دﻩﰷßﲂ ﻟCﺮﺳ=ﻴﺎر/
pirsyârèkim le dákâ
he asks a question of me
It is important to realize that, for Kurdish speakers, the preposed enclitic
pronoun is inextricably linked to the word to which it is attached—i.e., in
the example above pirsyârèkim must be pronounced as one word. If there is
any pause, the place for it is between the pronoun and the preposition.
Other examples are:
ßﻴـﺎن ﻟـIوان ﮔـﻮێ دﻩﮔـﺮم < ﮔـﻮ ـX l’ awân gwe dágirim > I’m listening to them.
دﻩﮔﺮمgweyân le dágirim.
ﻜـﻪﻧـﻪوﻩ ﺑـﯚ ﻣـﻦ < دﻩرﮔـﺎم ﺑـﯚœ دﻩرﮔـﺎ ـdargâ bikanawa bo min > Open the door for me.
ﻜﻪﻧﻪوﻩœ dargâm bo bikanawa.
< و وﻩر دﻩﮔـــﺮێX ـــﻪﻛـــﻪk ﭘـــﻮوpûłaka l’ aw war dagire > He takes the money from
وﻩر دﻩﮔﺮێßﻪﻛﻪى ﻟk ﭘﻮوpûłakay le war dagire. him.
ﻜـﻪم ﺑـﯚ ﺗـﯚ < ـﻗﺴـﻪت ﺑـﯚœ ـﻗﺴـﻪ ـqsa bikam bo to > qsat bo Let me tell you a story.
ﻜﻪمœ bikam.
ß*ـﻢ ﺑـﻪ ﺗـﯚ < ﺋـﻪﻣـﻪت ﭘـSـØ ﺋـﻪﻣـﻪ ـﺑama bíłem ba to > amat pe Let me say this to you.
.ﻢSØ ﺑbíłem.
ﮕـﺎﺗـﻪœﻨـــﺪﻩى ﻧـﻪﻣـﺎوﻩ ـS راوﭼـﻰﯾـﻪك ﻫrâwchîyèk henday namâ- A hunter almost came
ـﻨـﺪﻩىSـﻮى < راوﭼـﻰﯾـﻪك ﻫـI رwa bigâtà rewî > râwchî- upon the fox > A hunter
., ﻧﻪﻣﺎوﻩ ﺑﻴﮕﺎyèk henday namâwa biy- almost came upon it.
gâtè.
< ـﻚ ﺑ ـﺪاﺗ ـﻪ ﻣ ـﻦŸ ـ0 ـﻜ ـﻮو ﺷ ـk ﺑ ـﻪbałkû shitèk bidâtà min > Maybe he’ll give me
something.
,ﲂ ﺑﺪاŸ0ﻜﻮو ﺷk ﺑﻪbałkû shitèkim bidâtè.
ﻗـﺴـﻪ دﻩﰷ دﻩﮔـﻪڵ ﺗـﯚ < ﻗـﺴـﻪتqsa dakâ dagał to > qsat
دﻩﮔﻪڵ دﻩﰷdagał dakâ.
ﮕـﱰﻩ < ﺋـﻪومïــﻪوﻩ ﮔـﺮـÛ ﺋـﻪو ﺑـﻪ ﻻى ﻣaw balâ i minawa giringﮕﱰﻩï ﺑﻪﻻوﻩ ﮔﺮtir a > awim balâwa
He speaks with you.
He is more important to
me.
giringtir a.
Similar is the construction involved in the idiom khaw- le kawtin—literally “for sleep to fall on (someone)”—‘to fall asleep,’ as in ﻛـﻪوتßـﻪوى ﻟـu kha23
SORANI KURDISH
wî le kawt ‘he fell asleep,’ ﻧـﻪﻛـﻪوتßـﻪوم ﻟـu khawim le nákawt ‘I didn’t/couldn’t fall asleep.’ In this construction the person upon whom sleep falls is
expressed by a pronominal enclitic on khaw-; if a 3rd-person “subject” is
expressed, the resumptive construction is used, as in
ﻛﻪوتßن ﻟãﻪوu ﻪﰷنyﻛ
kichakân khawyân le kawt the girls fell asleep (lit.,
“the girls—sleep fell
upon them”)
In all the previous examples, the preposed complement has preceded the
preposition immediately, and generally this is the position it takes. However, a preposed complement separated from the preposition by other matter
also occurs.
دﻩرﻩوﻩى ﺷـﺎرX ـﲂSـﻮﻩ ـﺗŸ ـﺧ+ دﻩDabe khewatèkim la dara.ﺒﺪﻩنk ﺑﯚ ﻫﻪwa i shâr bo hałbidan.
They will have to pitch a
tent for me outside the
city.
For the special cases in which preposed postpositional complements displace enclitic possessive pronouns, see §27.4.
24
THE VERB
§ 15. Present Copulas. The present-tense copulas (‘am, is, are’) consist of
the following enclitics:
POSTCONSONANTAL
م
ﯾﺖ،ى
م-m
-î(t)
-in
ﯾﺖ، ى-y(t)
ه-a
-in
ﯾﻪ-ya
Examples are with ﻮردñ kurd ‘Kurdish’ and ﻟ?ﺮﻩl’era ‘here’:
-im
ﻦä
ن
ن
POSTVOCALIC
ﻦä
ن
ن
-în
ﻮردمñ kúrdim ‘I am Kurdish’
-yn
-n
-n
ﻦäﻮردñ kúrdîn ‘we are Kurdish’
ﻮردىñ kúrdî
‘you are Kurdish’
ﺮدﯾﺖñ kúrdît
ﻮردﻩñ kúrda ‘s/he is Kurdish’
ﻟ?ﺮﻩمl’erám ‘I am here’
ﻟ?ﺮﻩیl’eráy
‘you are here’
ﻟ?ﺮﻩﯾﺖl’eráyt
ﻟ?ﺮﻩﯾﻪl’eráya ‘s/he is here’
ﻮردنñ kúrdin ‘you are Kurdish’
ﻮردنñ kúrdin ‘they are Kurdish’
ﻦä ﻟ?ﺮﻩl’eráyn ‘we are here’
ﻟ?ﺮﻩنl’erán ‘you are here’
ﻟ?ﺮﻩنl’erán ‘they are here’
When the 3rd-person possessive enclitic (-î/-y) is followed by the 3rdperson copula (-a), a special form, -yatî, is used.
. ﻛﺘﺎوﻩktâw-a.
It’s a book.
. ﻛﺘﺎوى < ﻛﺘﺎوﯾﻪﰏktâwî > ktâwyatî.
his book > It’s his book.
The negative copula is formed on the base níy-:
ﻧﲓníyim
ﺖí ﻧﻴ، ﻧﲕníyî(t)
ﻧﻴﻪníya
ﻧﻴﲔníyîn
ﻧﲔníyin
ﻧﲔníyin
I am not
you are not
he/she/it is not
25
we are not
you are not
they are not
SORANI KURDISH
§ 16. ‘To Have.’ There is no verb in Kurdish equivalent to the English verb
‘to have.’ Kurdish expresses possession through the following formula:
noun possessed (indefinite or absolute) + possessive pronoun + háya/níya
(present) or hábû/hanábû (past) or some form of the verb bûn ‘to be’
.ﲂ ﻫﻪﯾﻪCﺮﺳ=ﻴﺎر/ Pirsyârèkim háya.
I have a question.
.ﲂ ﻫﻪﺑﻮوCﺮﺳ=ﻴﺎر/ Pirsyârèkim hábû.
I had a question.
. ﭘﺎرﻩت ﻫﻪﯾﻪPârat háya.
You have money.
.ﲃ ]ﳽ ﻧﻴﻪC ﻛﺘﺎوKtâwèk i bâshî níya.
He doesn’t have a good
book.
.ﻪﻣﺎﳕﺎن ﻫﻪﺑﻮوk ﻗﻪQałamânmân hábû.
We had some pens.
ن ﻫﻪﯾﻪ؟éﻪﻧﺪ )ﻮڕá Chand kuřtân háya?
How many sons do you
have?
.ن ﻫﻪﻧﻪﺑﻮوã زۆر ﭘﺎرﻩZor pârayân hanábû.
They didn’t have much
money.
.+ﲃ دﻩCﻗﻪ )ﻮڕé Tâqa kuřekî dabe.
He has an only son.
§ 17. The Present Habitual/Progressive. The present habitual tense corresponds to the English simple present used for habitual action (‘I go’), progressive action (‘I’m going’), and the future (‘I’ll go, I’m going to go’1). It
is formed from the present stem of the verb with a prefixed modal marker,
which receives the stress, and the following suffixed personal endings.
CONSONANT STEMS
VOWEL STEMS
-im
-în
-m
-yn
-î(t)
-in
-y(t)
-n
-e(t)
-in
-â(t)/-(t) -n
The inherent (t) shown for the 2nd- and 3rd-persons singular is characteristic of literary Kurdish and seldom appears in the more informal spoken lan1
Unlike Kurmanji, Sorani Kurdish has no future tense. The future may be expressed periphrastically (“I want to go,” e.g.), but normally the future sense is
gained from context.
26
THE VERB
guage. It is recovered, however, when any enclitic or suffix is added to the
verb form (see §18 below).
The modal prefix in Sulaymani Kurdish is ﺋـــﻪá-; in most other dialects the
modal prefix is دﻩdá-. Since otherwise verbs are conjugated identically in
all varieties of Sorani Kurdish, the modal marker will be shown in this book
as dá-, and examples will be given with á- or dá- as they occur in the texts
from which they have been taken. Examples of the conjugation of verbs
with present stems ending in a consonant are as follows (examples are -ch‘go’ and -nûs- ‘write’):
ﭼﻮونchûn ‘to go’
6 دﻩdáchim ﲔá دﻩdáchîn
ﺖ: دﻩﭼdáchît
دﻩﭼﻦdáchin
دﻩﭼﯽdáchî
ﺖŸ دﻩﭼdáchet
دﻩﭼﻦdáchin
ß دﻩﭼdáche
1
2
ﻧﻮوﺳﲔnûsîn ‘to write’
دﻩﻧﻮوﰟdánûsim دﻩﻧﻮوﺳﲔdánûsîn
ﺖí دﻩﻧﻮوﺳdánûsît
دﻩﻧﻮوﺳﻦdánûsin
دﻩﻧﻮوﳻdánûsî
دﻩﻧﻮوﺳ?ﺖdánûset
دﻩﻧﻮوﺳﻦdánûsin
ß دﻩﻧﻮوﺳdánûse
1
3
In the negative, the modal marker á- is replaced by stressed nâ´- (< na +
a-).
6¦ nâchim
ﺖ: ¦ﭼnâchî(t)
ﺖŸ ¦ﭼnâche(t)
ﲔᦠnâchîn
¦ﭼﻦnâchin
¦ﭼﻦnâchin
¦ﻧﻮوﰟnânûsim
ﺖí ¦ﻧﻮوﺳnânûsî(t)
¦ﻧﻮوﺳ?ﺖnânûse(t)
¦ﻧﻮوﺳﲔnânûsîn
¦ﻧﻮوﺳﻦnânûsin
¦ﻧﻮوﺳﻦnânûsin
The negative of the modal marker dá- is náda-:
6ﻧﻪدﻩ
ﺖ:ﻧﻪدﻩﭼ
ﺖŸﻧﻪدﻩﭼ
nádachim
nádachî(t)
nádache(t)
ﲔáﻧﻪدﻩ
ﻧﻪدﻩﭼﻦ
ﻧﻪدﻩﭼﻦ
nádachîn
nádachin
nádachin
ﻧﻪدﻩﻧﻮوﰟ
ﺖíﻧﻪدﻩﻧﻮوﺳ
ﻧﻪدﻩﻧﻮوﺳ?ﺖ
nádanûsim
nádanûsî(t)
nádanûse(t)
ﻧﻪدﻩﻧﻮوﺳﲔ
ﻧﻪدﻩﻧﻮوﺳﻦ
ﻧﻪدﻩﻧﻮوﺳﻦ
nádanûsîn
nádanûsin
nádanûsin
The negative of the Sulaymani habitual is occasionally used as an emphatic
1
Henceforth the second- and third-person singular forms will normally be given as
ـﺖ: دﻩﭼـdáchî(t) and ـﺖŸ دﻩﭼـdáche(t), with only the literary form in Arabic script but
with both forms in transcription.
27
SORANI KURDISH
negative in dialects that normally have the negative in náda-, as in ¦ﻧــــــــﻮوﰟ
nânûsim ‘I don’t ever write’ (which would then contrast with ﻧـــﻪدﻩﻧـــﻮوﰟnádanûsim ‘I’m not writing’) and ﻗـــــﻪﯾـــــﺪێ ¦ﰷqaydè nâkâ ‘it doesn’t matter at
all.’
For verbs with stems ending in a vowel, the personal endings combine
with stems in -a, -o, and -e as follows (examples, ) ـﺮدنkirdin ‘to do,’ present
stem ﻛ ـﻪka-; ـﺸ ـﱳö رۆroyshtin ‘to go away,’ present stem رۆro-; ﮔ ـﻪڕانgařân
‘to turn,’ present stem ﮔـﻪڕێgaře-). The only forms that show changes in the
stem vowel are the 3rd-person singular of the -a- and -o- stems, which
change to -â(t) and -wâ(t) respectively.
A-STEMS
دﻩﻛﻪمdákam
دﻩﻛﻪﯾﺖdákay(t)
( دﻩﰷ)تdákâ(t)
ﻦä دﻩﻛﻪdákayn
دﻩﻛﻪنdákan
دﻩﻛﻪنdákan
Common verbs conjugated in the present tense like kirdin/ka- are ﺧــــــﺴــــــﱳ
khistin/ ـــﻪu kha- ‘to throw,’ ـــﺮدنœ birdin/ ﺑـــﻪba- ‘to carry,’ دانdân/ دﻩda- ‘to
give,’ and ﺸﱳö ﮔﻪgayshtin/ ﮔﻪga- ‘to reach.’
O-STEMS
دﻩرۆمdárom
دﻩرۆﯾﺖdároyt
( دﻩروا)تdárwâ(t)
ﻦä دﻩرۆdároyn
دﻩرۆنdáron
دﻩرۆنdáron
Like ro- are ﺧــــﻮاردنkhwârdin/ ﺧــــﯚkho- ‘to eat’ and ﺷــــﱳshitin (or ﺷــــﻮردن
shurdin)/ ﺷﯚsho- ‘to wash.’
Verbs with present stems in -e, of which there are many, keep the theme
vowel unchanged throughout the conjugation, and in the 3rd-person singular nothing is added other than the inherent -t.
E-STEMS
ﻢI دﻩﮔﻪڕdágařem
ﺖíI دﻩﮔﻪڕ،*ﻰI دﻩﮔﻪڕdágařey(t)
ﺖI دﻩﮔﻪڕ، دﻩﮔﻪڕێdágaře(t)
ﲔI دﻩﮔﻪڕdágařeyn
ﻦC دﻩﮔﻪڕdágařen
ﻦC دﻩﮔﻪڕdágařen
Like gaře- are all verbs with infinitives ending in -ân.
28
THE VERB
One verb with a peculiar present tense is ﻫـــــﺎ•ـــــﻦhâtin ‘to come’ (present
stem ﯾـــﻪ-ye). In Sulaymani Kurdish the present stem, ye-, is regularly conjugated but without the modal marker a-. In most other dialects, particularly
Iranian varieties, the present stem combines with the modal marker da- to
become de-. The two variants are conjugated in the present as follows:
SULAYMANI
ﯾﻪمyem
ﯾﻪﯾﺖ، ﯾﻪىyey(t)
( ﯾﻪ)تye(t)
NON-SULAYMANI
ﻦä ﯾﻪyeyn
ﯾﻪنyen
ﯾﻪنyen
ﻢI دdem
ﺖíI د،*ﻰI دdey(t)
(ﺖI دێ)دde(t)
ﲔI دdeyn
ﻦC دden
ﻦC دden
The negative is regularly conjugated on the stem nâye-:
¦ﯾﻪمnâyem
¦ﯾﻪﯾﺖ، ¦ﯾﻪیnâyey(t)
¦ﯾﻪت، ¦ﯾﻪnâye(t)
ﻦä ¦ﯾﻪnâyeyn
¦ﯾﻪنnâyen
¦ﯾﻪنnâyen
§ 18. Verbs in -awa. Many Kurdish verbs end with the suffix -awa, which
has the following basic meanings: (1) ‘again, back, re-,’ as ﻣــــــﺎنmân ‘to remain, be left’ > ﻣــﺎﻧــﻪوﻩmânawa ‘to be left behind,’ ﮔــﯚ•ــﻦgotin/ و•ــﻦwitin ‘to
say’ > ﮔـﯚـﺗﻨـﻪوﻩgotinawa/ وـﺗﻨـﻪوﻩwitinawa ‘to say again, repeat,’ ﮔـﻪڕانgařân ‘to
turn’ > ﮔــﻪڕاﻧــﻪوﻩgařânawa ‘to return,’ (2) ‘open,’ as in )ــﺮدﻧــﻪوﻩkirdinawa ‘to
open,’ and (3) to give a nuance of meaning to a verb, as ﺳـﻮور )ـﺮدنsûr-kirdin
‘to make red’ > ﺳــــﻮور )ــــﺮدﻧــــﻪوﻩsûr-kirdinawa ‘to sauté.’ This said, it should
also be noted that -awa often adds nothing of any real lexical significance to
the verb but gives a perfective aspect instead. All such verbs are regularly
conjugated. With verbs ending in -awa, the -awa suffix is added after the
personal ending, as in
دﻩرﮔﺎ دﻩﻛﻪﻣﻪوﻩ
ﻨﻪوﻩIدﻩﮔﻪڕ
dargâ dakamawa
I(’ll) open the door
dágařenawa
you/they(’ll) return
Second- and third-person forms always recover the t inherent in the personal endings before -awa, as in
ﺘﻪوﻩIدﻩﮔﻪڕ
dágařetawa
he’ll return
29
SORANI KURDISH
دﻩﻛﻪﯾﺘﻪوﻩ
dakaytawa
you open
Full inflections of ﮔﻪڕاﻧﻪوﻩgařânawa and )ﺮدﻧﻪوﻩkirdinawa are as follows:
ﻤﻪوﻩI دﻩﮔﻪڕdágařemawa
ﻪوﻩ-íI دﻩﮔﻪڕdágařeytawa
ﺘﻪوﻩI دﻩﮔﻪڕdágařetawa
دﻩﻛﻪﻣﻪوﻩdákamawa
دﻩﻛﻪﯾﺘﻪوﻩdákaytawa
دﻩﰷﺗﻪوﻩdákâtawa
ﻪوﻩÛíI دﻩﮔﻪڕdágařeynawa
ﻨﻪوﻩI دﻩﮔﻪڕdágařenawa
ﻨﻪوﻩI دﻩﮔﻪڕdágařenawa
دﻩﻛﻪﯾﻨﻪوﻩdákaynawa
دﻩﻛﻪﻧﻪوﻩdákanawa
دﻩﻛﻪﻧﻪوﻩdákanawa
§ 19. The Present Subjunctive. Like the present habitual, the present subjunctive is formed from the present stem of the verb and the personal suffixes. The modal marker for the subjunctive is bí-.
ﭼﻮونchûn
ﻢ9 bíchim
ﻴﺖ9 ،ﻰ9 bíchî(t)
ﺖS9 ،ß9 bíche(t)
ﲔ9 bíchîn
ﻦ9 bíchin
ﻦ9 bíchin
ﺮدﻧﻪوﻩñ kirdinawa
ﻜﻪﻣﻪوﻩœ bíkamawa ﻜﻪﯾﻨﻪوﻩœ bíkaynawa
ﻜﻪﯾﺘﻪوﻩœ bíkaytawa ﻜﻪﻧﻪوﻩœ bíkanawa
ﲀﺗﻪوﻩœ bíkâtawa ﻜﻪﻧﻪوﻩœ bíkanawa
In compound verbs, the bí- prefix is optional, and when it is omitted the
lack of a modal prefix identifies the verb as subjunctive. The modal prefix is
regularly omitted with close compound verbs with prefixes like war- and
hał-.
ﻜﻪمœ ﮓï] bâng (bí)kam
ﻜﻪﯾﺖœ ﮓï] bâng (bí)kay(t)
(ﲀ)تœ ﮓï] bâng (bí)kâ(t)
وﻩرﮔﺮمwargirim
وﻩرﮔﺮﯾﺖ، وﻩرﮔﺮىwargirî(t)
ﺖI وﻩرﮔﺮ، وﻩرﮔﺮێwargire(t)
ﻦäﻜﻪœ ﮓï] bâng (bí)kayn
ﻜﻪنœ ﮓï] bâng (bí)kan
ﻜﻪنœ ﮓï] bâng (bí)kan
ﻦä وﻩرﮔﺮwargirîn
وﻩرﮔﺮنwargirin
وﻩرﮔﺮنwargirin
When the preceding word ends in a vowel and the verb stem begins with a
30
THE VERB
single consonant, the vowel of the modal prefix may be elided, giving, e.g.,
ﺰاﱎœ وا
ﺋﻪم ووﺷﻪﯾﻪ ﺑﻨﻮوﺳﲔ
wâ b’zânim
I think (lit., if I know thus)
am wushayá b’nûsîn
let’s write this word
This feature is not represented in the Kurdo-Arabic writing system.
The negative prefix for the subjunctive is ná-, which replaces bí- where it
occurs.
6 ﻧﻪnáchim ﲔá ﻧﻪnáchîn
ﻧﻪﻛﻪمnákam ﻦä ﻧﻪﻛﻪnákayn
ﺖ: ﻧﻪﭼ، ﻧﻪﭼﻰnáchî(t) ﻧﻪﭼﻦnáchin ﻧﻪﻛﻪﯾﺖ، ﻧﻪﻛﻪىnákay(t) ﻧﻪﻛﻪنnákan
ﺖŸ ﻧﻪﭼ،ß ﻧﻪﭼnáche(t) ﻧﻪﭼﻦnáchin
( ﻧﻪﰷ)تnákâ(t)
ﻧﻪﻛﻪنnákan
The present subjunctive of the verb bûn ‘to be’ is based on the stem b-. It
occurs both with and without the bí- prefix with the following conjugations:
WITHOUT PREFIX
ﰈbim
ﺖí ﺑ، ﰉbî(t)
ﺑ?ﺖ،+ be(t)
WITH PREFIX
ﺑﲔbîn
ﻦœ bin
ﻦœ bin
ﺑﱬbíbim
ﺖí ﺑﺒ، ﺑﱮbíbî(t)
ﺑﺒ?ﺖ،> ﺑbíbe(t)
ﺑﺒﲔbíbîn
ﺑﱭbíbin
ﺑﱭbíbin
When the verb means ‘to be’ the bí- prefix is omitted, but when it means ‘to
become’ or is part of a compound verb like ـﻦ ﺑ ـﻮونä ﻧ ـﲒnîzîk-bûn ‘to get near’
or ﺷﮑـﺮا ﺑـﻮون
ﺋـﺎ ـâshkirâ-bûn ‘to be revealed’ in the following examples, the bíprefix is present.
.+ ﺪŸ ¦ﻫﻮﻣ+¦ ﻣﺮۆڤMirov nâbe nâhumed be.
One should not be despondent.
ـﻪﰷﻧـﻴـﺎنkـﲃ ﻣـﺎäـﺮا ﻧـﲒCﻧـﺪﻩوã ﻧـﻪNáyândawerâ nîzîk i
.ﻪوﻩÛ@ ﺑmâłakânyân bibinawa.
ــﲎﯾـﻪSـﻚ ﺑ?ــﺖ ﺋـﻪم ﳖI رۆژß دﻩ•ـﺮﺳـDátirse rozhèk bet am
.> ﺋﺎﺷﻜﺮا ﺑnihenîá âshkirâ bibe.
They didn’t dare get near
their houses.
She fears there will come
a day this secret will be
revealed.
The present subjunctive of hâtin ‘to come’ is regularly conjugated on the
stem be- (for *bíye-). Note that the 3rd-person singular subjunctive of hâtin
is identical to the 3rd-person singular subjunctive of bûn, i.e. both are be(t).
31
SORANI KURDISH
ﻢSﺑ
ﺖíS ﺑ،*ﻰSﺑ
ﺑ?ﺖ،+
ﻫﺎ•ﻦhâtin
bem
bey(t)
be(t)
ﲔSﺑ
ﺑ?ﻦ
ﺑ?ﻦ
beyn
ben
ben
The verbs henân ‘to bring’ and heshtin ‘to let’ have subjunctives formed
both on the regular stems bíhen- and bíheł- and on the contracted stems benand beł-:
REGULAR SUBJUNCTIVE
ﲌSﲠ
ﺖíﻨSﲠ
ﺖŸ;Sﺑ
bíhenim
ﻢØSﲠ
ﻴﺖØSﲠ
ﺖSØSﲠ
bíhełim
bíhenî(t)
bíhene(t)
bíhełî(t)
bíhełe(t)
CONTRACTED SUBJUNCTIVE
ﻨﺎنS ﻫhenân
ﻨﲔSﲠ
ﲍSﲠ
ﲍSﲠ
bíhenîn
ﲔØSﲠ
ﻦØSﲠ
ﻦØSﲠ
bíhełîn
bíhenin
bíhenin
ﻫ?ﺸﱳheshtin
bíhełin
bíhełin
ﺑ?ﲌ
ﺖ:;Sﺑ
ﺖŸ;Sﺑ
benim
ﻢØSﺑ
ﻴﺖØSﺑ
ﺖSØSﺑ
bełim
benî(t)
bene(t)
bełî(t)
bełe(t)
;ﲔS ﺑbenîn
ﲍS ﺑbenin
ﲍS ﺑbenin
ﲔØS ﺑbełîn
ﻦØS ﺑbełin
ﻦØS ﺑbełin
The present subjunctive is used in the following instances:
(1) independently—i.e. not dependent upon a preceding construction—as
a deliberative (English ‘should’). In literary style, the interrogative particle
ã ﺋﺎâyâ often introduces the construction.
ﺘﻪوﻩ؟Iﮕﻪڕœ ﭘﺎﺷﻪوﭘﺎشã ﺋﺎÂyâ pâshawpâsh bígařetawa?
ﻢ؟S ﺳ=ﺒﻪﯾﲎ ﺑSbaynî bem?
ﻜﻪﯾﻨﻪوﻩ؟œ دﻩرﮔﺎDargâ bíkaynawa?
Should he retrace his
steps?
Should I come tomorrow?
Should we open the door?
(2) in the 1st persons as a cohortative (‘let me, let’s’) and in the 3rd persons as a hortatory (‘let him…, may he …’). The 1st-person is often preceded by ] bâ or وﻩرﻩwára (‘c’mon’).
.ﻦäﺮۆœ ] Bâ bíroyn.
C’mon, let’s go.
.ﻦäﻜﻪœ ßﲃ ﻟSØŸ ﻓ، وﻩرﻩWára, fełèkî le bikayn.
.ﻪ دى-? ﻧﻪﺑNábetà dî.
C’mon, let’s play a trick
on him.
May it not happen.
32
THE VERB
.ﺸ=ﻨﻪوﻩí داﺑﻨDâ-binîshinawa.
Let them sit back down.
(3) as complement to all verbs and constructions of wanting (see §20),
ability (see §21), necessity, etc.
.ßkﻤﻪ ﻣﺎ9 ﺋﻪﻣﻪوىAmawe bíchimà mâłe.
.ﲌ:@ دﻩﺗﻮاﱎ ﺑﺘDatwânim bítbînim.
و ﻣـﺮۆﭬـﻪX ﺴ=ﺘـﻪ ﻛـﻪ ﺳـﻪرىö
ـﻮ ـ ــS ـﭘPewîst a ka sar i l’ aw
.ﺎوﻩڕواﱏ ﺋﻪﰷá ﻪ ﺑﺪات ﻛﻪk ﯚØ ﻛmirov a kiłołá bídât ka
châwařwânî akâ.
… ﻢSØﺴﺖ ﻧﻴﻪ ﻛﻪ ﺑöﻮS ﭘPewîst níya ka bíłem…
I want to go home.
I can see you.
It is necessary for her to
pay a visit to that miserable man who is waiting.
It is not necessary that I
say…
(4) after a number of conjunctions like وﻩىX ﺑـــــــﻪرbar l’ awaî ‘before’ and
ﺋﻪوﻩى+ ﺑﻪba be awaî ‘without’1
… ß9 وﻩىX ﺑﻪرbar l’ awaî biche…
… ﺸﻦíﻮﻩ داﺑﻨSوﻩى ﺋX ﺑﻪرbar l’ awaî ewa dâ-
before he goes/went…
before you sit/sat down…
binîshin…
.ﺸﺖö رۆ،ﲀœ ﺋﻪوﻩى ﻗﺴﻪ+ ﺑﻪBa be awaî qsa bikâ,
Without speaking, he left.
roysht.
… ):@ ﺋﻪوﻩى ﺑﺘ+ ﺑﻪba be awaî bitbîne…
without his/her seeing
you…
(5) in the protasis of a possible conditional:
ﺋـﻪﺗـﻮاﻧـﲔ،ـﻪ دى-? ﺋـﻪﻣـﻪ ﺋـﻪﮔـﻪر ـ ـﺑAma agar betà dî, atwânîn
… ﲔSØ ﺑbíłeyn…
. دﻩﺗﻮاﱏ، ﺋﻪﮔﻪر ﺑﺘﻪوێAgar bitawe, datwânî.
1
If this should come about,
we can say that…
If you want to, you can.
Bar l’ awaî is always followed by the present subjunctive; the proper tense for
English translation is gained from context. In English ‘without’ is followed by a
gerund, but in Kurdish it is followed by a subjunctive clause, which is necessarily
personal.
33
SORANI KURDISH
ﺋـﻪﮔـﻪر ﺑـ?ـﺖ و ﻫـ?ـﺰى ﺋـﻪﺗـﯚم ﺑـﯚAgar bet u hez i atom bo
ـﺮدن ﺑـﻪœ ¦وX ﺷـﻪڕ و )ـﻮﺷـ=ﺘــﺎر وshař u kushtâr u la nâw
… ﲊێS ﰷر ﲠbirdin ba kâr bíhenre…
If it should be that the
power of the atom be
used for war, slaughter,
and destruction…
§ 20. ‘To Want.’ The Kurdish verb corresponding to the English verb
‘want’ is wîstin (present stem we-). The construction that serves as the present tense of this verb is compounded of the prefix (d)á- (negative ná-) +
possessive pronoun enclitic + -awe. The full inflection of the present tense
is as follows:
AFFIRMATIVE PRESENT
دﻩﻣﻪوێdámawe
دﻩﺗﻪوێdátawe
دﻩﯾﻪوێdáyawe
دﻩﻣﺎﻧﻪوێdámânawe
ﻧﻪوێé دﻩdátânawe
ﻧﻪوێã دﻩdáyânawe
NEGATIVE PRESENT
ﻧﻪﻣﻪوێnámawe
ﻧﻪﺗﻪوێnátawe
ﻧﻪﯾﻪوێnáyawe
ﻧﻪﻣﺎﻧﻪوێnámânawe
ﻧﻪوێé ﻧﻪnátânawe
ﻧﻪوێã ﻧﻪnáyânawe
PRESENT SUBJUNCTIVE
ﲟﻪوێbímawe
ﺑﺘﻪوێbítawe
ﺑﻴﻪوێbíyawe
ﲟﺎﻧﻪوێbímânawe
ﺑﺘﺎﻧﻪوێbítânawe
ﺑﻴﺎﻧﻪوێbíyânawe
When the complement, or logical object, of wîstin (i.e. what one wants) precedes the verb, the “subject” pronominal enclitics are usually attached to the
complement, and the verb is the invariable 3rd-person singular (d)awe (negative nâwe). The full present “conjugation” of this construction is:
AFFIRMATIVE
NEGATIVE
م دﻩوێ-im dáwe ﻣﺎن دﻩوێ-mân dáwe م ¦وێ-im nâwe ﻣﺎن ¦وێ-mân nâwe
ت دﻩوێ-it dáwe ن دﻩوێé -tân dáwe ت ¦وێ-it nâwe ن ¦وێé -tân nâwe
ى دﻩوێ-î dáwe ن دﻩوێã -yân dáwe ى ¦وێ-î nâwe ن ¦وێã -yân nâwe
34
THE VERB
as in the following examples:
ﺋﻪوﻩم ﺋﻪوێAwám awe.
ﺋﻪم ﺷ=ﺘﺎﻧﻪى ¦وێAm shitânáy nâwe.
I want that.
He doesn’t want these
things.
All verbal complements of ‘want’ are in the subjunctive, as in the following
paradigm of ‘want to go’:
ﻢ9 دﻩﻣﻪوێdámawe bíchim
ﻴﺖ9 دﻩﺗﻪوێdátawe bíchî(t)
ﺖS9 دﻩﯾﻪوێdáyawe bíche(t)
ﲔ9 دﻩﻣﺎﻧﻪوێdámânawe bíchîn
ﻦ9 ﻧﻪوێé دﻩdátânawe bíchin
ﻦ9 ﻧﻪوێã دﻩdáyânawe bíchin
Other examples are as follows:
. ﺋﻪﺗﻪوێ ¦ﻣﻪﯾﻪك ﺑﻨﻮوﳻAtawe nâmayèk binûsî.
.ﻜ›ێœ ﻚI ﺋﻪﯾﻪوێ ﻛﺘﺎوAyawe ktâwèk bikře.
You want to write a letter.
He wants to buy a book.
. دﻩﻣﺎﻧﻪوێ ¦ﻣﻪﯾﻪك ﺑﻨﻮوﺳﲔDamânawe nâmayèk binû- We want to write a letter.
sîn.
ﻜﻪن؟œ ﻚIﺮﺳ=ﻴﺎر/ ﻧﻪوێé ﺋﻪAtânawe pirsyârèk bikan?
Do you (pl) want to ask a
question?
.ﲍIﻧﻪوێ دﻩرس ﲞﻮã ﻧﻪNáyânawe dars bikhwe-
They do not want to study.
nin.
Wîstin is conjugated as a transitive verb in the past (see §27 below).
§ 21. ‘To Be Able.’ The verb ‘to be able’ is ﺗــــﻮاﻧــــﲔtwânîn (pres. stem ﺗــــﻮان
twân-). Twânîn is regularly conjugated in the present, and it is necessarily
followed by a subjunctive complement. Below is given the full present conjugation, affirmative and negative, of ‘can/can’t say’:
ﻢSØ دﻩﺗﻮاﱎ ﺑdátwânim bíłem
ﺖíSØﺖ ﺑí دﻩﺗﻮاﻧdátwânî(t) bíłey(t)
ﺖSØ دﻩﺗﻮاﻧ?ﺖ ﺑdátwâne(t) bíłe(t)
ﻢSØ ¦ﺗﻮاﱎ ﺑnâtwânim bíłem
ﺖíSØﺖ ﺑí ¦ﺗﻮاﻧnâtwânî(t) bíłey(t)
ﲔSØ دﻩﺗﻮاﻧﲔ ﺑdátwânîn bíłeyn
?ﻦØﻦ ﺑï دﻩﺗﻮاdátwânin bíłen
?ﻦØﻦ ﺑï دﻩﺗﻮاdátwânin bíłen
ﲔSØ ¦ﺗﻮاﻧﲔ ﺑnâtwânîn bíłeyn
?ﻦØﻦ ﺑï ¦ﺗﻮاnâtwânin bíłen
35
SORANI KURDISH
ﺖSØ ¦ﺗﻮاﻧ?ﺖ ﺑnâtwâne(t) bíłe(t)
?ﻦØﻦ ﺑï ¦ﺗﻮاnâtwânin bíłen
The subjunctive is regularly formed: ﺑﺘــﻮاﱎbítwânim, ــﺖí ﺑﺘــﻮاﻧbítwânî(t), ﺑﺘــﻮاﻧ?ــﺖ
bítwâne(t), &c., negative subjunctive: ﻧ ـﻪﺗ ـﻮاﱎnátwânim, ـﺖí ﻧ ـﻪﺗ ـﻮاﻧ ـnátwânî(t),
&c. Twânîn is conjugated as a transitive verb in the past (see §27 below).
§ 22. ‘To Remember.’ The idiom used for ‘to remember’ is ﺑـﲑ ﺑـﻮونX la bîr
bûn, literally “to be in the mind.” The construction of the idiom, like the
present of wîstin, depends upon whether or not there is preposed matter.
NOTHING PREPOSED
WITH PREPOSED MATTER
ﺑﲑﻣﻪX
la bîrim a
ﺑﲑﻣﺎﻧﻪX
la bîrmân a
ﺑﲑﻩX ـﻢ
-im la bîr a
ﺑﲑﻩX ـﲈن
-mân la bîr a
ﺑﲑﺗﻪX
ﺑﲑﯾﻪX
la bîrit a
ﻧﻪéﺑﲑX
ﻧﻪã ﺑﲑX
la bîrtân a
ﺑﲑﻩX ـﺖ
ﺑﲑﻩX ـﻰ
-it la bîr a
ﺑﲑﻩX ـﺘﺎن
ﺑﲑﻩX ـﻴﺎن
-tân la bîr a
la bîrî a
la bîryân a
-î la bîr a
-yân la bîr a
Simple ‘I remember,’ ‘you remember,’ &c. (without mentioning what one
remembers) are ﺑـﲑﻣـﻪX la bîrim a, ﲑـﻪ
ﺑـ ﺗX la bîrit a, &c. (negative ﺑـﲑم ﻧـﻴـﻪX la
bîrim níya, ﺑــﲑت ﻧــﻴــﻪX la bîrit níya). However, if anything is preposed to the
construction, that is, what one remembers, the enclitic pronouns are detached from bîr and attached to the preposed matter, as in the following:
. ﺑﲑﻩX ﺋﻪو رۆژاﻧﻪمAw rozhânám la bîr a.
I remember those days.
Hence, the prepositional phrase is actually -m la bîr, where the complement
to la bîr, -(i)m, has been preposed, or placed before the preposition. Other
examples are the following:
. ﺑﲑ ﻧﻴﻪX ¦وﱉNâwimî la bîr níya.
ﺑﲑX ﺮﺳ=ﻴﺎرﻩﻛﻪت/ ﱉî وﻩWałâm i pirsyârakát la bîr
. ﻧﻪﺑﻮوnábû.
He doesn’t remember my
name.
You didn’t remember the
answer to the question.
Other constructions involving bîr are -î ba bîrâ hâtin and -î bîr kawtinawa
‘to remember,’ all of which usually take preposed pronominal enclitics.
… وات ﺑﻪ ﺑﲑا ﻫﺎت ﻛﻪWât ba bîrâ hât ka…
36
Thus you remembered
that…
THE VERB
.ﲂ ﻫﺎت ﺑﻪ ﺑﲑاŸ0 ﺷShitèkim hât ba bîrâ.
I remembered something.
.ﺎن ﻛﻪوﺗﻪوﻩ ﺑﲑ:ﻜä داDâykyân kawtawa bîr.
They remembered their
mother.
.ﻪوﻩ-?ﺎن ﺑﲑ ﻛﻪوﺗﺒ:ﻜŸ0 وﻩ)ﻮو ﺷwakû shitèkyân bîr kawti- as though they remembetawa
bered something
and la bîr chûn ‘to forget.’
. ﺑﲑ ﭼﻮوX ¦وى ﺋﻪو ﭘﻴﺎوﻩمNâw i aw pyâwám la bîr
chû.
ﺑﲑ ﭼﻮو؟X ﻜﺖŸ0 ﺷShitèkit la bîr chû?
I forgot that man’s name.
Did you forget something?
§ 23. Pronominal Objects of Verbs. Direct-object pronouns of verbs in the
present tense and the present subjunctive mood are normally enclitics attached to some part of the verbal conglomerate (i.e. the verb, any preverbal
prefixes, compounding agent). Identical to the possessive enclitic pronouns,
the direct-object pronouns are as follows:
AFTER CONSONANTS
´ ـﻢ-im
´ ـﺖ-it
´ ـﻰ-î
AFTER VOWELS
´ ـﲈن-mân
´ ـﺘﺎن-tân
´ ـﻴﺎن-yân
´ م-m
´ ت-t
´ ى-y
´ ﻣﺎن-mân
نé ´-tân
نã ´-yân
The enclitic pronouns are attached in the following order:
1. If the verb is compound, the pronoun object is added to the preverb:1
.ﮕﻢ دﻩﻛﻪنï] bângim dákan.
.ﻦä وﻩرى دﻩﮔﺮwarî dágirîn.
.ﻴﺎن دﻩﮔﺮێk ﺋﻪﲪﻪد ﻫﻪAḥmad hałyân dágire.
. ﻓ?ﺮى ﺋﻪﰈferî ábim.
They are calling me.
We’ll take it up.
Ahmad will pick them up.
I’ll learn it.
1
A preverb may be (1) a noun like bâng ‘call’ as in bâng kirdin ‘to call,’ (2) an
adjective like âshkirâ ‘obvious’ as in âshkirâ kirdin ‘to clarify,’ or (3) a directional
element like war ‘up’ as in war-girtin ‘to take up.’
37
SORANI KURDISH
2. If the verb is not compound, the pronoun object is added to the model
prefix (á-, dá-, bí-) or the negative prefix (nâ-, ná):
.)íﻧﺒã دﻩdáyânbîne.
He’ll see them.
.ﲌí دﻩﺗﺒdátbînim.
I’ll see you.
. ﻧﻪﯾﺪﻩ¦ﰟ، ¦ﯾﻨﺎﰟnâynâsim/náydanâsim.
.ﻜ›مä¦ nâykřim.
I don’t know him.
I’m not going to buy it.
. ﺋﻪﻣﻪوێ ﺑﻴﻜ›مamawe bíykřim.
I want to buy it.
.ﲂŸﻘ: ﻫﻪز ﺋﻪﻛﻪم ﺑﻴ;?ﺮﻣﻪوﻩ ﺑﯚ رﻩﻓHaz akam bíynerimawa bo I’d like to send it to a
rafîqèkim.
friend of mine.
ﻚ ﻛﻪسSﺗîﻜﻪﯾﻨﻪ وœ رووRû bikaynà wiłâtèk kas
.ß ﻧﻪﻣﺎﻧﻨﺎﺳnamânnâse.
Let’s go to a country
where nobody knows us.
§ 24. The Imperative. The singular imperative of verb stems ending in
vowels is formed from bí- + the present stem. The plural imperative is exactly like the 2nd-person plural subjunctive. As in the subjunctive of close
compound verbs, the bí- prefix is usually omitted; in open compounds it is
generally found but may be omitted.
INFINITIVE PRES. STEM
kirdin
ka-
royshtin
ro-
tawâw-
tawâw-ka-
kirdin
SINGULAR IMPERATIVE
ﻜﻪœ bíka
›ۆœ bíro
ﺗﻪواو )ﺑـ(ﻛﻪtawâw(bi)ka
PLURAL IMPERATIVE
ﻜﻪنœ bíkan
›ۆنœ bíron
ﺗﻪواو )ﺑـ(ﻛﻪنtawâw(bi)kan
If the present stem ends in a consonant, the singular imperative is formed
from bí- + present stem + -a. The plural imperative is identical to the 2ndperson plural subjunctive.
bûn
chûn
1
bch-
ﺑﺒﻪbíba
ﻪ9 bícha
1
ﺑﱭbíbin
ﻦ9 bíchin
In addition to bícha, chûn has several alternative imperatives, viz. ــــﯚ9 bícho and
ﯚرﻩ9 bíchora.
38
THE VERB
girtin
gir-
nûsîn
nûs-
gwe-girtin
gwe-gir-
dâ-nîshtin
dâ-nîsh
wis-bûn
wis-b-
ﮕﺮﻩœ bígira
ﮕﺮنœ bígirin
ﺑﻨﻮوﺳﻪbínûsa
ﺑﻨﻮوﺳﻦbínûsin
ﮔﻮێ )ﺑـ(ﮔﺮﻩgwe-(bi)gira ﮔﻮێ )ﺑـ(ﮔﺮنgwe-(bi)girin
ﺸﻪí دا)ﺑـ(ﻧdâ-(bi)nîsha ﺸﻦí دا)ﺑـ(ﻧdâ-(bi)nîshin
وس ﺑﻪwis-ba
ﻦœ وسwis-bin
Note the irregular singular imperatives of birdin, dân, khistin, and the totally irregular imperative of hâtin:
birdin
ba-
dân
da-
khistin
kha-
hâtin
ye-
ﺑﺒﻪرﻩbíbara
ﺑﺪﻩرﻩbídara
ﲞﻪرﻩbíkhara
وﻩرﻩwára
ﺑﺒﻪنbíban
ﺑﺪﻩنbídan
ﲞﻪنbíkhan
وﻩرنwárin
The bí- prefix of the imperative takes pronominal direct objects exactly like
the subjunctive prefix:
ﻪ ﭼﯚنÛíﺎوى ﺧﯚت ﲟﺒá ﺑﻪBa châw i khot bímbîna
!ﲂC ﭘﻴﺎوchon pyâwèkim!
!ﮔﻪڵ ﺧﯚتX ﻨﻪSﳱœ Bíyhena lagał khot!
See (me) with your own
eyes what kind of man I
am!
Bring him/her/it with
you!
Imperatives are often preceded by the “attention-getting” particle دﻩda.
The negative imperative prefix is má-, which replaces bí- where it occurs.
! ﻣﻪﮔﺮىMágrî!
Don’t cry!
!ﻨﻪS ﻣﻪﳞMáyhena!
Don’t bring it!
!ﺸﻪí داﻣﻪﻧDâ-mánîsha!
Don’t sit down!
§ 25. The Simple Past (Intransitive). The simple past (preterite) of intransitive verbs is formed by adding unstressed personal suffixes to the past
stem of the verb. The past stem is derived by deleting the -(i)n ending of the
infinitive, e.g., hâtin > hât-, bûn > bû-.
39
SORANI KURDISH
AFTER CONSONANTS
AFTER VOWELS
-im
-în
-m
-yn
-î(t)
-in
-y(t)
-n
—
-in
—
-n
Examples of the simple past inflection are from ﻫـــﺎ•ـــﻦhâtin ‘to come,’ ﺑـــﻮون
bûn ‘to be,’ ﮔﻪﯾﲔgayîn ‘to arrive’ (int.), and ﻣﺎنmân ‘to remain.’
ﻫﺎﰎhâtim
ﺖí ﻫﺎﺗhâtî(t)
ﻫﺎتhât
ﮔﻪﱘgayîm
ﺖí ﮔﻪﯾﻴgayîy(t)
ﮔﻪﱙgayî
ﻫﺎﺗﲔhâtîn
ﻫﺎ•ﻦhâtin
ﻫﺎ•ﻦhâtin
ﮔﻪﯾﻴﲔgayîyn
ﮔﻪﯾﲔgayîn
ﮔﻪﯾﲔgayîn
ﺑﻮومbûm
ووﯾﺖbûy(t)
ﺑﻮوbû
ﻣﺎمmâm
ﻣﺎﯾﺖmây(t)
ﻣﺎmâ
ﻦä ﺑﻮوbûyn
ﺑﻮونbûn
ﺑﻮونbûn
ﻦä ﻣﺎmâyn
ﻣﺎنmân
ﻣﺎنmân
The negative is formed by prefixing ná-:
ﻧﻪﻫﺎﰎnáhâtim
ﻧﻪﻫﺎﺗﲔnáhâtîn
ﻧﻪﺑﻮومnábûm
ﻦä ﻧﻪﺑﻮوnábûyn
ﺖí ﻧﻪﻫﺎﺗnáhâtî(t)
ﻧﻪﻫﺎ•ﻦnáhâtin ﻧﻪﺑﻮوﯾﺖnábûy(t) ﻧﻪﺑﻮونnábûn
ﻧﻪﻫﺎتnáhât
ﻧﻪﻫﺎ•ﻦnáhâtin
ﻧﻪﺑﻮوnábû
ﻧﻪﺑﻮونnábûn
ﻧﻪﮔﻪﯾﲓnágayîm ﻧﻪﮔﻪﯾﻴﲔnágayîyn
ﻦä ﻧﻪﻣﺎnámâyn
ﻧﻪﻣﺎمnámâm
ﺖí ﻧﻪﮔﻪﯾﻴnágayîy(t) ﻧﻪﮔﻪﯾﲔnágayîn ﻧﻪﻣﺎﯾﺖnámây(t) ﻧﻪﻣﺎنnámân
ﻧﻪﮔﻪﱙnágayî
ﻧﻪﮔﻪﯾﲔnágayîn
ﻧﻪﻣﺎnámâ
ﻧﻪﻣﺎنnámân
The t of the 2nd-person singular form is recovered if the verb has any suffixed ending like -awa or the directional suffix -à. For example, the verbs
hâtinawa ‘to come back’ and chûnà mâl ‘to go home’ are conjugated as follows:
ﻫﺎﲤﻪوﻩ
ﻪوﻩ-íﻫﺎﺗ
ﻫﺎﺗﻪوﻩ
hâtimawa
hâtîtawa
hâtawa
ﻪوﻩÛíﻫﺎﺗ
ﻫﺎﺗﻨﻪوﻩ
ﻫﺎﺗﻨﻪوﻩ
hâtînawa
hâtinawa
hâtinawa
ﭼﻮوﻣﻪ ﻣﺎڵ
ﭼﻮوﯾﺘﻪ ﻣﺎڵ
ﭼﻮوﻩ ﻣﺎڵ
chûmà mâł
chûytà mâł
chûà mâł
ﭼﻮوﯾﻨﻪ ﻣﺎڵ
ﭼﻮوﻧﻪ ﻣﺎڵ
ﭼﻮوﻧﻪ ﻣﺎڵ
chûynà mâł
chûnà mâł
chûnà mâł
§ 26. The Past Habitual/Progressive (Intransitive). The past habitual (‘I
used to go’) and progressive (‘I was going’) is formed by adding the habitu40
THE VERB
al/progressive prefix (d)á- to the simple past.
دﻩﻫﺎﰎdáhâtim دﻩﻫﺎﺗﲔdáhâtîn
ﺖí دﻩﻫﺎﺗdáhâtî(t) دﻩﻫﺎ•ﻦdáhâtin
دﻩﻫﺎتdáhât
دﻩﻫﺎ•ﻦdáhâtin
دﻩﮔﻪﯾﲓdágayîm دﻩﮔﻪﯾﻴﲔdágayîyn
ﺖí دﻩﮔﻪﯾﻴdágayîy(t) دﻩﮔﻪﯾﲔdágayîn
دﻩﮔﻪﱙdágayî
دﻩﮔﻪﯾﲔdágayîn
For past habituals in á-, the negative is formed by prefixing ná- to the affirmative, but, unlike the present, the negative prefix does not combine with
the modal prefix:
ﻧﻪﺋﻪﻫﺎﰎ
ﺖíﻧﻪﺋﻪﻫﺎﺗ
ﻧﻪﺋﻪﻫﺎت
náahâtim
náahâtî(t)
náahât
ﻧﻪﺋﻪﻫﺎﺗﲔ
ﻧﻪﺋﻪﻫﺎ•ﻦ
ﻧﻪﺋﻪﻫﺎ•ﻦ
náahâtîn
náahâtin
náahâtin
ﻧﻪﺋﻪﮔﻪﯾﲓ
ﺖíﻧﻪﺋﻪﮔﻪﯾﻴ
ﻧﻪﺋﻪﮔﻪﱙ
náagayîm
náagayîy(t)
náagayî
ﻧﻪﺋﻪﮔﻪﯾﻴﲔ
ﻧﻪﺋﻪﮔﻪﯾﲔ
ﻧﻪﺋﻪﮔﻪﯾﲔ
náagayîyn
náagayîn
náagayîn
For past habituals in dá-, the negative is regularly formed by prefixing náto the affirmative:
ﻧﻪدﻩﻫﺎﰎnádahâtim
ﺖí ﻧﻪدﻩﻫﺎﺗnádahâtî(t)
ﻧﻪدﻩﻫﺎتnádahât
ﻧﻪدﻩﮔﻪﯾﲓnádagayîm
ﺖí ﻧﻪدﻩﮔﻪﯾﻴnádagayîy(t)
ﻧﻪدﻩﮔﻪﱙnádagayî
ﻧﻪدﻩﻫﺎﺗﲔnádahâtîn
ﻧﻪدﻩﻫﺎ•ﻦnádahâtin
ﻧﻪدﻩﻫﺎ•ﻦnádahâtin
ﻧﻪدﻩﮔﻪﯾﻴﲔnádagayîyn
ﻧﻪدﻩﮔﻪﯾﲔnádagayîn
ﻧﻪدﻩﮔﻪﯾﲔnádagayîn
As in the present tense, in the Suleymani dialect the marker is á-, and it is
used as both past habitual and past progressive; in other dialects the marker
is dá-.
§ 27. The Simple Past (Transitive): The Ergative. The simple past tense
of transitive verbs is formed from the past stem of the verb and an agent affix—the ergative construction.1 The agent affixes are identical to the enclitic
1
In ergative-type constructions what we think of as the subject is the “agent” (or
“logical subject”) and what we think of as the direct object is the “patient” (for Sorani we will also call it “logical object”). In ergative languages that also have case, the
agent is in an oblique case (and/or otherwise marked) and the patient is in the nominative (or subjective) case with the verb agreeing in number (and gender if applica-
41
SORANI KURDISH
possessive pronouns:
م-(i)m
ت-(i)t
ى-î/-y
ﻣﺎن-mân
نé -tân
نã -yân
The agent affix usually precedes the verb and is attached to some preverbal
matter (more about which shortly) to give the following “conjugation” of
khwârdin ‘to eat.’
م ﺧﻮارد-im khwârd
ت ﺧﻮارد-it khwârd
ى ﺧﻮارد-î khwârd
ﻣﺎن ﺧﻮارد-mân khwârd
ن ﺧﻮاردé -tân khwârd
ن ﺧﻮاردã -yân khwârd
If only the verb is expressed, or only the verb and its logical subject, the
agent affixes are added to the end of the past stem, as
ﺧﻮاردمkhwârdim
ﺧﻮاردتkhwârdit
ﺧﻮاردىkhwârdî
ﺧﻮاردﻣﺎنkhwârdmân
نé ﺧﻮاردkhwârdtân
نã ﺧﻮاردkhwârdyân
If anything other than the verb is expressed, then the agent is affixed to the
first available preverbal matter—“available preverbal matter” includes the
following categories in hierarchical order:
(1) the negative prefix, as in
ﻧﻪﳐﻮاردnámkhwârd
ﻧﻪﺗﺪﯾﺖnátdît
I didn’t eat (it).
you didn’t see (him/her/it).
ble) with the patient. In Kurmanji Kurdish, for example, where a distinction between
independent subject and oblique pronouns has been retained, the subject pronoun for
‘he’ is ew, and the oblique ‘him’ is wî; the subject ‘I’ is ez, and the oblique ‘me’ is
min. ‘He saw me’ in Kurmanji is wî ez dîtim (where dîtim agrees with the patient ez),
and ‘I saw him’ is min ew dît. Sorani, having lost independent oblique pronouns,
resorts to pronominal enclitics to express the agent. An oversimplification is to think
of the ergative as a passive (e.g., ‘the dog bit the man’ expressed as ‘by the dog the
man was bit’), but it is important to realize that speakers of ergative-type languages
by no means think of the construction as passive (particularly since Sorani Kurdish
has a passive, see §34 below).
42
THE VERB
ﻧﻪﯾﻨﻮوﳻnáynûsî
he didn’t write (it).
Full inflection of the negative past tense of khwârdin is as follows:
ﻧﻪﳐﻮاردnámkhwârd
ﻧﻪﲣﻮاردnátkhwârd
ﻧﻪﳜﻮاردnáykhwârd
ﻧﻪﻣﺎﳔﻮاردnámânkhwârd
ﳔﻮاردé ﻧﻪnátânkhwârd
ﳔﻮاردã ﻧﻪnáyânkhwârd
(2) the progressive prefix, as in
ﻮوﳻÛ دﻩﻣdámnûsî
دﻩﯾﺒﻪﺳﺖdaybast
I was writing (it).
he was tying (it).
Full inflection of the progressive past tense of khwârdin is as follows:
دﻩﳐﻮاردdámkhwârd
دﻩﲣﻮاردdátkhwârd
دﻩﳜﻮاردdáykhwârd
دﻩﻣﺎﳔﻮاردdámânkhwârd
ﳔﻮاردé دﻩdátânkhwârd
ﳔﻮاردã دﻩdáyânkhwârd
(3) a compounding preverb as in
ﻤﮕﺮتk ﻫﻪhałimgirt.
ﻨﺎS دﻩرﳞdarîhenâ
I took (it).
he took (it) off/out.
Full inflections of the past tenses of hał-girtin ‘to pick up’ and nâma-nûsîn
‘to write letters’ are as follows:
ﻤﮕﺮتk ﻫﻪhałimgirt
ﺘﮕﺮتk ﻫﻪhałitgirt
ﻴﮕﺮتk ﻫﻪhałîgirt
¦ﻣﻪم ﻧﻮوﳻnâmam nûsî
¦ﻣﻪت ﻧﻮوﳻnâmat nûsî
¦ﻣﻪى ﻧﻮوﳻnâmay nûsî
ﮕﺮتïﲈk ﻫﻪhałmângirt
ﮕﺮتïﺘﺎk ﻫﻪhałtângirt
ﮕﺮتïﻴﺎk ﻫﻪhałyângirt
¦ﻣﻪﻣﺎن ﻧﻮوﳻnâmamân nûsî
ن ﻧﻮوﳻé ¦ﻣﻪnâmatân nûsî
ن ﻧﻮوﳻã ¦ﻣﻪnâmayân nûsî
(4) the logical object (patient) of the verb, as in
. ¦ﻣﻪﻛﻪم ﻧﻮوﳻnâmakám nûsî.
I wrote the letter.
. ﺋﻪو ﰷرﻩى ﻧﻪ)ﺮدaw kâráy nákird.
He didn’t do that.
43
SORANI KURDISH
When the logical object is modified by the enclitic -îsh/-ysh ‘too, also,’ the
enclitic comes between the logical object and the agent affix:
.ﮓ )ﺮدï] ﴙöﺮ÷ﰷﱏ ژﻧﻪﻛﻪœ birâkân i zhinakáyshî
bâng kird.
He invited his wife’s
brothers also.
(5) a prepositional phrase other than temporal or manner,1 as in
.ﺎن ﻧﻮوﳻ:ﻜŸﻘ: ﺑﯚ رﻩﻓBo rafîqèkyân nûsî.
ﺴ=ﱲ زاﱏ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﻨﻮوﲰﻪوﻩ وöﻮS ﺑﻪ ﭘBa pewîstim zânî bíyân.ﻜﻪمœ ﺎﭘﻴﺎنá nûsimawa u châpyân
bikam.
They wrote it to a friend.
I considered it necessary
to write them down and
get them printed.
Generally speaking, the only things to which the agent affix cannot be
joined are (1) the expressed logical subject to which the agent affix refers
(pyâwaká witî ‘the man said’), (2) temporal adverbs and phrases like ‘today’ and ‘at that time,’ and (3) prepositional phrases of manner (generally
with the preposition ba) like ﺑــﻪ ﺗــﻮوڕﻩﺋــﻴــﻪوﻩba tûřaîawa ‘in anger,’ X ﺑــﻪ ﭘــﻪba
pala ‘in haste,’ and ﻪk ﺑﻪ ﻫﻪba hała ‘in error.’
An overtly expressed logical subject in no way obviates the necessity for
a third-person agent affix, but the agent affix cannot be attached to the logical subject.
.ﺮاى ﭘﲑ درﻩﻣﻪﰷﱏ وﻩرﮔﺮتœ ﰷKâbrâ i pîr diramakânî
wargirt.
.ﻴﺎن وتÛ )ﻮڕﻩﰷن ﺑﻪ ﻣKuřakân ba minyân wit.
. ﻣﻦ ﺑﻪ )ﻮڕﻩﰷﱎ وتMin ba kuřakânim wit.
The old gent took the dirhems.
The boys said to me.
I said to the boys.
Each and every transitive verb in the past tense must have its own
agent affix, i.e. one agent affix cannot serve more than one verb. For example, in the phrase رووى )ـﺮد و ﮔـﻮﰏrûy kird u gutî (‘he faced him and said’), the
first agent affix, -y, serves only the verb rû-kird; the second verb, gut, must
also have an agent affix, and since there is no preposed matter, the affix is
on the end of the verb.
1
Prepositional phrases with pronominal complements present a special problem.
See §27.3 below.
44
THE VERB
When a phrase consists only of an expressed logical subject (agent), prepositional matter to which the agent affix cannot be attached, and verb, then
the agent affix is attached to the verb:
… ﻪﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻮوڕﻩﺋﻴﻪوﻩ وﰏy ﻛkichaká ba tûřaîawa
witî…
the girl said angrily…
§ 27.1. The Ergative in South Sorani. In North Sorani the past tense of all
transitive verbs is made on the ergative model with agent affixes as described above. In South Sorani, however, a split has occurred. Generally,
the ergative construction has been displaced by the non-ergative construction on the model of intransitive past verbs (and doubtlessly under the influence of Persian). However, the older ergative construction has remained for
certain figurative expressions. Although the ergative is theoretically available for any past transitive verb, its use may produce a statement on the figurative plane that sounds “funny” or odd—i.e. a figurative use that really
has no conventional application. For instance, the verb ﻣــﺎڵ ﺳــﻮو•ــﻦmâł sûtin
‘to burn someone’s house’ may have an actual, literal application, as in
ﻪﻛﻪى دارا ﺳﻮوﰎk ﻣﺎmâłaká i Dârâ sûtim
I burned Dara’s house
down
or it may have a figurative application, as in
ﻪﻛﻪى دارام ﺳﻮوتk ﻣﺎmâłaká i Dârâm sût
“I burned Dara’s house”
but here, since it is ergative, it is figurative and really means “I ruined him,”
“I did him in.” The verb ¦ن ﺧــــــﻮاردنnân-khwârdin ‘to eat bread’ may be either actually ‘to eat (some) bread’ or figuratively ‘to break bread, have a
meal, enjoy someone’s hospitality.’ On the actual level the past tense is nân
khwârdim, as in
¦ن ﺧﻮاردمnân khwârdim
I ate bread.
while on the figurative level the past tense is nânim khwârd, as in
ﻮﻩ ¦ﱎ ﺧﻮاردSﺗﻪك ﺋX Latak ewa nânim khwârd.
I broke bread with you (I
enjoyed your hospitality).
North Sorani, with no such differentiation, expresses these two examples as
45
SORANI KURDISH
mâłaká i Dârâm sûtâ and nânim khwârd in all situations (nân khwârdim is
meaningless in North Sorani).
§ 27.2. Pronouns as Logical Objects of Past Transitive Verbs. With past
transitive verbs, when the agent affix precedes the verb, enclitic pronominal
logical objects are attached to the past stem of the verb, but the enclitics
used are the subject endings for the intransitive past,1 as in the following
paradigm of the verb âgâ-kirdin ‘to inform’ with the 3rd-person singular
agent affix -y.
ﮔﺎى )ﺮدمeﺋ
ﮔﺎى )ﺮدﯾﺖeﺋ
ﮔﺎى )ﺮدeﺋ
ﻦäﮔﺎى )ﺮدeﺋ
ﮔﺎى )ﺮدنeﺋ
âgây kird he informed him/her ﮔﺎى )ﺮدنeﺋ
âgây kirdim he informed me
âgây kirdîn he informed us
âgây kirdî(t) he informed you
âgây kirdin he informed you
âgây kirdin he informed them
A 3rd-person singular logical object is not overtly expressed with a pronominal suffix since it is implicit in the zero ending of the verb (as in the second
example below).
ﺖí ﻧﻪﻣﺪﯾﺘ، ﻧﻪﻣﺪﯾﱴnámdîtî(t)
ﻧﻪﻣﺪﯾﺖnámdît
ﺘﮕﺮ•ﻦk ﻫﻪhałitgirtin
ﻧﻪﻣﺎﻧﺪﯾﱳnámândîtin
ﻜ?ﺸﺎنïé دﻩdátânkeshân
I didn’t see you
I didn’t see him/her/it
you picked them up
we didn’t see you (pl)
you (pl) were pulling them
With a 3rd-person plural inanimate logical object, the verb optionally agrees
in number with the logical object. In the example, ـﺮاى ﭘ ـﲑ درﻩﻣ ـﻪﰷﱏ وﻩرﮔ ـﺮتœﰷ
kâbrâ i pîr diramakânî wargirt ‘the old gent took the dirhems,’ the verb
could also be وﻩرﮔ ـﺮ• ـﻦwargirtin to agree with the plural logical object. Similarly, in the sentence
(ﻦä›ﻚ ﻛﺘﺎوﻩﰷﱏ ﻛ›ى )ﻛI ﭘﻴﺎوPyâwèk ktâwakânî křî(n).
A man bought the books.
the verb křî may agree with the plural logical object as křîn. With 1st- and
1
Another way of analyzing this pattern is to think of the past transitive verb dît as
meaning “saw him/her/it.” Similarly, dîtim means “saw me,” dîtî(t) means “saw
you.” The logical subjects of these verbs must be expressed by agent affixes.
46
THE VERB
2nd-person logical objects and with animate 3rd persons, the verb perforce
agrees with the object in both number and person.
When the agent affix does not precede the verb (i.e. if only the verb, or
verb + logical subject, and no other element is present), the logical subject
agent affix is suffixed to the verb first, and the logical object follows the
agent affix except for the 3rd-person singular agent. When the logical
subject is 3rd-person singular, the order is reversed: the logical object cedes
the logical subject. In the table below are all available forms using dîtin ‘to
see’ as an example; the logical objects are given in boldface. Again, a 3rdperson singular logical-object pronoun is not expressed; it is built into the
verb.
I saw
you saw
me
you
him/her
us
you
them
—
ـﻤﻴﺖ-دﯾ
دﯾﱲ
—
ـﻤﻦ-دﯾ
ـﻤﻦ-دﯾ
dîtimî(t)
dîtim
dîtimin
dîtimin
—
ﺖ0دﯾ
ﲔ0دﯾﺘ
—
دﯾﺘﱳ
dîtit
dîtitîn
ﱲ0دﯾ
dîtitim
s/he saw
we saw
you saw
ـﻤﯽ-دﯾ
ﱴíدﯾﺘ
دﯾﱴ
ﲎíدﯾﺘ
ﲎ0دﯾ
ﲎ0دﯾ
dîtimî
dîtîtî
dîtî
dîtînî
dîtinî
dîtinî
—
ﺖíﻧðدﯾ
نðدﯾ
—
ﻦïðدﯾ
ﻦïðدﯾ
dîtmânî(t)
dîtmân
dîtmânin
dîtmânin
—
ﺎن-0دﯾ
ﺎﻧﲔ-0دﯾ
—
ﻦïﺎ-0دﯾ
dîttân
dîttânîn
ﺎﱎ-0دﯾ
dîttânim
they saw
dîtitin
dîttânin
ﺎﱎ:0دﯾ
ﺖíﺎﻧ:0دﯾ
ﺎن:0دﯾ
ﺎﻧﲔ:0دﯾ
ﻦïﺎ:0دﯾ
ﻦïﺎ:0دﯾ
dîtyânim
dîtyânî(t)
dîtyân
dîtyânîn
dîtyânin
dîtyânin
me
you
him/her
us
you
them
ﺖíﻧﻪﻣﺪﯾﺘ
ﻧﻪﻣﺪﯾﺖ
—
ﻧﻪﻣﺪﯾﱳ
ﻧﻪﻣﺪﯾﱳ
námdîtî(t)
námdît
námdîtin
námdîtin
—
ﻧﻪﺗﺪﯾﺖ
ﻧﻪﺗﺪﯾﺘﲔ
—
ﻧﻪﺗﺪﯾﱳ
nátdît
nátdîtîn
I didn’t see —
you didn’t
ﻧﻪﺗﺪﯾﱲ
see
nátdîtim
s/he didn’t
ﻧﻪﯾﺪﯾﱲ
ﺖíﻧﻪﯾﺪﯾﺘ
ﻧﻪﯾﺪﯾﺖ
ﻧﻪﯾﺪﯾﺘﲔ
ﻧﻪﯾﺪﯾﱳ
ﻧﻪﯾﺪﯾﱳ
see
náydîtim
náydîtî(t)
náydît
náydîtîn
náydîtin
náydîtin
47
nátdîtin
SORANI KURDISH
we didn’t
—
see
ﺖíﻧﻪﻣﺎﻧﺪﯾﺘ
ﻧﻪﻣﺎﻧﺪﯾﺖ
—
námândîtî(t) námândît
you didn’t
ﻧﺪﯾﱲéﻧﻪ
see
nátândîtim
they didn’t
ﻧﺪﯾﱲãﻧﻪ
see
náyândîtim náyândîtî(t)
—
ﺖíﻧﺪﯾﺘãﻧﻪ
ﻧﻪﻣﺎﻧﺪﯾﱳ
ﻧﻪﻣﺎﻧﺪﯾﱳ
námândîtin námândîtin
ﻧﺪﯾﺖéﻧﻪ
ﻧﺪﯾﺘﲔéﻧﻪ
nátândît
nátândîtîn
ﻧﺪﯾﺖãﻧﻪ
ﻧﺪﯾﺘﲔãﻧﻪ
ﻧﺪﯾﱳãﻧﻪ
ﻧﺪﯾﱳãﻧﻪ
náyândît
náyândîtîn
náyândîtin
náyândîtin
—
ﻧﺪﯾﱳéﻧﻪ
nátândîtin
In South Sorani the situation is altogether different. Since, with the few exceptions noted above, the ergative construction has been lost, transitive
verbs are regularly conjugated exactly like intransitives, and pronominal objects are added directly to the end of the verb form—all on the Persian
model. The normal forms for South Sorani are as follows (note that the normal South Sorani third-person plural ending is -an instead of -in):
I saw
you saw
me
you
him/her
us
you
them
—
ـﻤﺖ-دﯾ
ـﻤﯽ-دﯾ
—
dîtimî
ﳣﺘﺎنäد
ـﻤﻴﺎن-دﯾ
dîtimit
dîtimtân
dîtimyân
—
ﱴíدﯾﺘ
نðíدﯾﺘ
—
ﻴﺎن-íدﯾﺘ
dîtîtî
dîtîtmân
ﱲíدﯾﺘ
dîtîtim
s/he saw
we saw
you saw
دﯾﱲ
ﺖ0دﯾ
دﯾﱴ
نðدﯾ
ﺎن-0دﯾ
ﺎن:0دﯾ
dîtim
dîtit
dîtî
dîtmân
dîttân
dîtyân
—
ﺖÛíدﯾﺘ
ﲎíدﯾﺘ
—
ﺘﺎنÛíدﯾﺘ
ﻴﺎنÛíدﯾﺘ
dîtînit
dîtînî
dîtîntân
dîtînyân
—
ﲎ0دﯾ
نS0دﯾ
—
ﺎن:;دﯾﺘ
dîtinî
dîtinmân
ﲌ0دﯾ
dîtinim
they saw
dîtîtyân
dîtinyân
دﯾﺘﻪﱎ
دﯾﺘﻪﻧﺖ
دﯾﺘﻪﱏ
دﯾﺘﻪﳕﺎن
دﯾﺘﻪﻧﺘﺎن
دﯾﺘﻪﻧﻴﺎن
dîtanim
dîtanit
dîtanî
dîtanmân
dîtantân
dîtanyân
§ 27.3. Pronominal Prepositional Complements with Agent Affixes. In
past transitive verbs the space normally available for a preposed pronominal
complement is taken by the agent affix. In this case, the preposition and its
complement are split—the preposition precedes the verb, and the complement of the preposition is “bumped” to the end of the verb, but the pronouns
48
THE VERB
used are the endings used for intransitive past verbs (-im/-m, -î(t)/-y(t), —,
-în/-yn, -in/-n, -in/-n). Note especially that when the prepositional complement is 3rd-person singular, nothing is added to the verb stem. Since the
past verb has built-in logical objects, these logical objects are used in such
constructions as prepositional complements. The example
. دﻩﰷßﻜﲈن ﻟCﺮﺳ=ﻴﺎر/ Pirsyârèkmân le dakâ.
He asks a question of us.
PRESENT
TENSE
(present tense), can be viewed diagrammatically as follows:
Pirsyârek
-mân le
dákâ
prepositional phrase with
preposed complement
But in the past tense—‘he asked a question of us’—the agent affix takes the
place that would be occupied by the preposed complement to the preposition, so the complement of the preposition is removed to the end of the
verb stem,
PAST
TENSE
.ﻦä )ﺮدßﲃ ﻟCﺮﺳ=ﻴﺎر/ Pirsyârèkî le kirdîn.1
Pirsyârek -î
Agent
affix
He asked a question of us.
le kird -în
Prepositional
phrase
In another example,
1
Or, the incomplete sequence pirsyârek-le-kird- can be thought of as meaning
“asked-a-question-of” and the personal ending -în supplies the “object” “us.” Such
an approach is probably closer to how native speakers “feel” all such constructions
involving a preposition + verb. In the next example, bo-nârd- is certainly felt to
mean “sent-to” and -in supplies the “object” “them.” Even in the present-tense
example bo-dánerim is felt to mean “I-am-sending-to” and the preposed -yân supplies the object “them.” Native speakers do not seem to feel that -yân bo really “go
together” as a coherent unit in any way separable from the verb; they think of bodánerim as the coherent unit and feel that the proper place to pause is between -yân
and bo, not between bo and dánerim. To a certain extent, in the minds of native
speakers bo-nârdin is not felt to differ substantially from hał-girtin or any other
compound verb.
49
SORANI KURDISH
.ن ﺑﯚ دﻩﻧ?ﺮمã ﺋﻪو ﻛﺘﺎواﻧﻪaw ktâwânáyân bo
I’m sending those books to
dánerim.
them.
the preposition bo has its complement -yân preposed:
aw ktâwâná -yân bo dánerim
prepositional phrase
with preposed complement
In the past, however, the agent affix -(i)m takes the place of the complement
of the preposition. The complement is deferred to the end of the verb stem
and is changed from -yân to -in, giving
. ﺋﻪو ﻛﺘﺎواﻧﻪم ﺑﯚ ¦ردنaw ktâwânám bo nârdin.
aw ktâwâná -m
bo nârd
agent
affix
I sent those books to them.
-in
prepositional
phrase
When the first available element to which an agent affix can be attached is a
preposition, the complement of the preposition is “bumped,” as in the following:
ﺎن ﺑﯚى ﺳﻮور )ﺮدﻧﻪوﻩ و:ﻜä داdâykyân boy sûr kirdin. ﺑﯚى دا¦نawa u boy dâ-nân.
their mother fried it for
them and set it down
before them.
agent affix
dâykyân
bo
-y
sûr kird
-in -awa
prepositional phrase
Here the -y on boy in both parts of the sentence is the agent affix referring to
dâykyân and the -in in kirdinawa and dâ-nân furnishes the complement of
the preposition bo. Another example is as follows:
50
THE VERB
… *ﻰ وﰎS ﮔﺮﰎ و ﭘß ﭘﺎرﻩﻛﻪى ﻟpârakáy le girtim u pey
witim…
prepositional
phrase
Pâraká
-y
le
girt
he took the money from
me and said to me…
prepositional
phrase
-im
u
pe
agent
affix
-y
wit
-im
agent
affix
Here the -y on pâraká and on pe is the agent affix (‘he’), and the -im suffix
in the verbs girt and wit are complements to the prepositions le and pe
respectively.
Other examples are as follows:
< (ن )ﺮدﻩوﻩ ﺑﯚ ﻣﻦ )ﺑﯚمã دﻩرﮔﺎdargâyân kirdawa bo min They opened the door for
ن ﺑﯚ )ﺮدﻣﻪوﻩã( دﻩرﮔﺎbom) > dargâyân bo kir- me.
dimawa
<(ﲈنSﻤﻪ )ﻟSﻪﻛﻪى وﻩرﮔﺮت ﻟk ﭘﻮوpûłakay wargirt l’ ema
وﻩرﮔﺮﺗﲔßﻪﻛﻪى ﻟk( ﭘﻮوlemân) > pûłakay le
wargirtîn
< ( ﺋﻪﻣﻪﻣﺎن وت ﺑﻪ ﺗﯚ )ﭘ?ﺖamámân wit ba to (pet) >
ﺖí وﺗß* ﺋﻪﻣﻪﻣﺎن ﭘamámân pe witî(t)
ﺖíﻢ وﺗS وﰎ ﭘ?ﺖ < ﭘwitim pet > pem witî(t)
< (نéﻮﻩ )ﺑﯚS ﻗﺴﻪم )ﺮد ﺑﯚ ﺋqsam kird bo ewa
( ﻗﺴﻪم ﺑﯚ )ﺮدنbotân) > qsam bo kirdin
ßﻢ ﻟI*ﻰ( < ﮔﻮSو )ﻟX ﻢ ﮔﺮتI ﮔﻮgwem girt l’ aw (ley) >
ﮔﺮتgwem le girt
*ﻰ و•ﻦSﺎن( < ﭘ:? وﰏ ﺑﻪ ﺋﻪوان )ﭘwitî ba awân (peyân) >
He took the money from
us.
We said this to you.
I said to you.
I told you a story.
I listened to him.
He said to them.
pey witin
Since the ergative construction is not in normal use in South Sorani, the
placement of these pronouns is quite the reverse of North Sorani. Therefore,
while in North Sorani pey witim means ‘he said to me,’ in South Sorani it
means ‘I said to him.’ Bot kirdim means ‘you did it for me’ in North Sorani
but ‘I did it for you’ in South Sorani, and bomân kirdin means ‘we did it for
51
SORANI KURDISH
you/them’ in North Sorani but ‘you/they did it for us’ in South Sorani.
§ 27.4. Displacement of a Possessive Pronoun by a Preposed Prepositional Complement. Similar to the displacement of a prepositional complement by the agent affix is the displacement of a possessive pronoun by a
preposed prepositional complement. In a construction such as the following:
.ﻘﻪﰷﱎ ﻛﻪوت:ﺎوم ﺑﻪ رﻩﻓá châwim ba rafîqakânim
kawt.
My eye fell upon my
friends.
if the noun rafîqakânim is replaced by a pronoun, turning the phrase into
-yân pe, the preposed prepositional complement “bumps” the possessive -im
from its position on châw to the end of the verb, as:
ﻛﻪوﰎß*ن ﭘãﺎوá châwyân pe kawtim
my eye fell upon them
prepositional
phrase
châw -yân pe kawt -im
modifies
The endings on the verb in such situations are the verbal personal endings,
not the possessives. The first-person shows no difference, of course, but the
other persons are distinguished, as in the following:
ß*ﺎوم ﭘá < ن ﺑﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻛﻪوتãﺎوá châwyân ba min kawt >
ﻛﻪو•ﻦchâwim pe kawtin
their eye fell upon me
châw -im pe kawt -in
modifies
In a combination of the principles given in this and the preceding paragraphs, when a possessive pronoun would be followed by an agent affix, the
possessive pronoun may also be “bumped” to the end of a past transitive
verb (turning into the intransitive past subject pronouns in the process), as
in
. )ﻮڕﻩ ﻛﯚرﭘﻪﻛﻪى دﯾﱲkuř a korpaká’y dîtim.
52
He saw my infant son.
THE VERB
.ﺖí )ﻮڕﻩ ﻛﯚرﭘﻪﻛﻪﻣﺎن دﯾﺘkuř a korpaká’mân dîtî(t). We saw your infant son.
. )ﻮڕﻩ ﻛﯚرﭘﻪﰷﻧﻴﺎن دﯾﺘﲔkuř a korpakân’yân dîtîn.
They saw our infant sons.
The first example could also be expressed as )ـﻮڕﻩ ﻛـﯚرﭘـﻪﻛـﻪﱉ دﯾـﺖkuř a korpakám’î dît, but the combination of possessive pronoun + agent affix is generally avoided. Hence the “bumped” possessive.
§ 28. The Perfect Active Participle. The perfect active participle is formed
by adding -û to the past stem of the verb. With past stems that end in vowels
the participle takes the form -w.
CONSONANT STEMS
INFINITIVE
PARTICIPLE
VOWEL STEMS
INFINITIVE
PARTICIPLE
ﻫﺎ•ﻦhâtin >
ﻫﺎﺗﻮوhâtû
ﻣﺎنmân >
ﻣﺎوmâw
ﺸﱳöﮕﻪS ﺗte-gayshtin > ﺸ=ﺘﻮوöﮕﻪS ﺗtegayshtû روودانrû-dân > رووداوrûdâw
)ﺮدوﻩوﻩkirdinawa > )ﺮدووﻩوﻩkirdûawa ﻦä› ﻛkřîn >
ﻛ›ﯾﻮkřîw
In meaning the perfect active participle corresponds roughly to the English
present perfect participle: ﻫ ـﺎﺗ ـﻮوhâtû ‘having come,’ ـﺸ ـ= ـﺘ ـﻮوö ـﮕ ـﻪS ﺗ ـtegayshtû
‘having understood,’ )ـــــــــﺮدووﻩوﻩkirdûawa ‘having opened,’ &c. Transitivity
and intransitivity are retained in the participle, i.e. ﻛـــ›ﯾـــﻮkřîw means ‘having
bought’ in the active sense, not ‘bought’ in the passive sense. (For the perfect passive participle, see §34.1 below.)
The perfect active participle is principally used to form the present perfect
tense (see §29 below), but it can also be used both adjectivally (ﭘـــﺎﺷـــﻜـــﻪوﺗـــﻮو
pâshkawtû ‘fallen behind, backward,’ ـﺸ ـ= ـﺘ ـﻮوí داﻧ ـdânîshtû ‘having sat down,
seated,’ and ﻧــــﻮﺳــــ=ــــﺘــــﻮوnustû ‘having gone to sleep, asleep’) and nominally
( رووداوrûdâw ‘event’ < روودانrû-dân ‘to happen, take place’).
§ 29. The Present Perfect Tense (Intransitive). The present perfect tense
of intransitive verbs is formed from the perfect active participle plus the
present copulas. Examples from ﻣـــﺎنmân ‘to remain’ (perfect active participle ﻣ ـﺎوmâw) and ﻫ ـﺎ• ـﻦhâtin ‘to come’ (perfect active participle ﻫ ـﺎﺗ ـﻮوhâtû)
are:
53
SORANI KURDISH
ﻣﺎومmâwim
ﻣﺎوﯾﺖmâwî(t)
ﻣﺎوﻩmâwa
ﻦä ﻣﺎوmâwîn
ﻣﺎونmâwin
ﻣﺎونmâwin
ﻫﺎﺗﻮومhâtûm
ﻫﺎﺗﻮوﯾﺖhâtûy(t)
ﻫﺎﺗﻮوﻩhâtûa
ﻦä ﻫﺎﺗﻮوhâtûyn
ﻫﺎﺗﻮونhâtûn
ﻫﺎﺗﻮونhâtûn
The negative is formed by prefixing ná-
ﻧﻪﻣﺎومnámâwim ﻦä ﻧﻪﻣﺎوnámâwîn
ﻧﻪﻫﺎﺗﻮومnáhâtûm ﻦä ﻧﻪﻫﺎﺗﻮوnáhâtûyn
&c.
Verbs ending in -awa are conjugated as follows. Note especially the infixed
-t- in the 3rd-person singular.
ﻣﺎوﻣﻪوﻩ
ﻣﺎوﯾﺘﻪوﻩ
ﻣﺎوﻩﺗﻪوﻩ
mâwimawa
mâwîtawa
mâwatawa
ﻣﺎوﯾﻨﻪوﻩ
ﻣﺎوﻧﻪوﻩ
ﻣﺎوﻧﻪوﻩ
mâwînawa
mâwinawa
mâwinawa
ﻫﺎﺗﻮوﻣﻪوﻩ
ﻫﺎﺗﻮوﯾﺘﻪوﻩ
ﻫﺎﺗﻮوﻩﺗﻪوﻩ
hâtûmawa
hâtûytawa
hâtûatawa
ﻫﺎﺗﻮوﯾﻨﻪوﻩ
ﻫﺎﺗﻮوﻧﻪوﻩ
ﻫﺎﺗﻮوﻧﻪوﻩ
hâtûynawa
hâtûnawa
hâtûnawa
For general purposes, the present perfect tense of Kurdish is equivalent to
the English present perfect (‘I have come’). It is in all respects the exact
equivalent of the Persian past narrative ( ﻫـﺎﺗـﻮومhâtûm = آﻣـﺪﻩامand ﻣـﺎوﻩmâwa
= )ﻣـﺎﻧـﺪﻩاﺳـﺖ, and this means that in Kurdish the present perfect is used in situations where an action or change of state in the past is felt to be of particular relevance to a present situation.
§ 29.1. The Present Perfect Tense (Transitive). The present perfect tense
of transitive verbs is made from the agent affixes plus the past participle
plus the 3rd-pers. pres. copula (-a), as in khwardin ‘to eat’ and křîn ‘to buy.’
م ﺧﻮاردووﻩ-im khwârdûa
ت ﺧﻮاردووﻩ-it khwârdûa
ى ﺧﻮاردووﻩ-î khwârdûa
م ﻛ›ﯾﻮﻩ-im křîwa
ت ﻛ›ﯾﻮﻩ-it křîwa
ى ﻛ›ﯾﻮﻩ-î křîwa
ﻣﺎن ﺧﻮاردووﻩ-mân khwârdûa
ن ﺧﻮاردووﻩé -tân khwârdûa
ن ﺧﻮاردووﻩã -yân khwârdûa
ﻣﺎن ﻛ›ﯾﻮﻩ-mân křîwa
ن ﻛ›ﯾﻮﻩé -tân křîwa
ن ﻛ›ﯾﻮﻩã -yân křîwa
Verbs in -awa have a -t- inserted between the copula a and -awa, as in )ـﺮدﻧـﻪوﻩ
54
THE VERB
kirdinawa ‘to open’ and دۆزﯾﻨﻪوﻩdozînawa ‘to discover.’
م )ﺮدووﻩﺗﻪوﻩ-im kirdûatawa
ت )ﺮدووﻩﺗﻪوﻩ-it kirdûatawa
ى )ﺮدووﻩﺗﻪوﻩ-î kirdûatawa
م دۆزﯾﻮﻩﺗﻪوﻩ-im dozîwatawa
ت دۆزﯾﻮﻩﺗﻪوﻩ-it dozîwatawa
ى دۆزﯾﻮﻩﺗﻪوﻩ-î dozîwatawa
ﻣﺎن )ﺮدووﻩﺗﻪوﻩ-mân kirdûatawa
ن )ﺮدووﻩﺗﻪوﻩé -tân kirdûatawa
ن )ﺮدووﻩﺗﻪوﻩã -yân kirdûatawa
ﻣﺎن دۆزﯾﻮﻩﺗﻪوﻩ-mân dozîwatawa
ن دۆزﯾﻮﻩﺗﻪوﻩé -tân dozîwatawa
ن دۆزﯾﻮﻩﺗﻪوﻩã -yân dozîwatawa
When nothing else is available to which the agent affixes may be joined,
they fall on the participle and are followed by the 3rd-person singular copula -a (except the 3rd singular, which has the form -yatî1), as in ﺧـﻮاردنkhwârdin and ﻦä› ﻛkřîn:
ﺧﻮاردووﻣﻪkhwârdûma
ﺧﻮاردووﺗﻪkhwârdûta
ﺧﻮاردووﯾﻪﰏkhwârdûyatî
ﻛ›ﯾﻮﻣﻪkřîwima
ﻛ›ﯾﻮﺗﻪkřîwita
ﻛ›ﯾﻮﯾﻪﰏkřîwyatî
ﺧﻮاردووﻣﺎﻧﻪkhwârdûmâna
ﻧﻪé ﺧﻮاردووkhwârdûtâna
ﻧﻪã ﺧﻮاردووkhwârdûyâna
ﻛ›ﯾﻮﻣﺎﻧﻪkřîwmâna
ﻧﻪé ﻛ›ﯾﻮkřîwtâna
ﻧﻪã ﻛ›ﯾﻮkřîwyâna
When any other element is available, the agent affixes are joined thereto, as
in the negative:
ﻧﻪﳐﻮاردووﻩnámkhwârdûa
ﻧﻪﲣﻮاردووﻩnátkhwârdûa
ﻧﻪﳜﻮاردووﻩnáykhwârdûa
ﻧﻪﻣﻜ›ﯾﻮﻩnámkřîwa
ﻧﻪ•ﻜ›ﯾﻮﻩnátkřîwa
ﻜ›ﯾﻮﻩä ﻧﻪnáykřîwa
ﻧﻪﻣﺎﳔﻮاردووﻩnámânkhwârdûa
ﳔﻮاردووﻩé ﻧﻪnátânkhwârdûa
ﳔﻮاردووﻩã ﻧﻪnáyânkhwârdûa
ﻜ›ﯾﻮﻩï ﻧﻪﻣﺎnámânkřîwa
ﻜ›ﯾﻮﻩïé ﻧﻪnátânkřîwa
ﻜ›ﯾﻮﻩïã ﻧﻪnáyânkřîwa
1
The same -yatî that results consistently from the 3rd-person singular enclitic -î/-y
plus the 3rd-person singular copula. The spelling of this suffix is inconsistent. See
§15 above.
55
SORANI KURDISH
§ 30. The Past Perfect Tense (Intransitive). For intransitive verbs with
past stems ending in a consonant (like hatin > hat-), the past perfect tense,
which is functionally equivalent to the English past perfect (‘I had come,
you had gone’), is formed from the past stem + i + the past tense of bûn ‘to
be.’ Verbs with past stems ending in a vowel (like bûn > bû) form the past
perfect tense from the simple stem + the past tense of bûn.
ﻫﺎﺗﺒﻮومhâtibûm
ﻫﺎﺗﺒﻮوﯾﺖhâtibûy(t)
ﻫﺎﺗﺒﻮوhâtibû
ﭼﻮوﺑﻮومchûbûm
ﭼﻮوﺑﻮوﯾﺖchûbûy(t)
ﭼﻮوﺑﻮوchûbû
ﻦä ﻫﺎﺗﺒﻮوhâtibûyn
ﻫﺎﺗﺒﻮونhâtibûn
ﻫﺎﺗﺒﻮونhâtibûn
ﻦä ﭼﻮوﺑﻮوchûbûyn
ﭼﻮوﺑﻮونchûbûn
ﭼﻮوﺑﻮونchûbûn
The negative is formed by prefixing ná- to the verb:
ﻧﻪﻫﺎﺗﺒﻮومnáhâtibûm
ﻧﻪﻫﺎﺗﺒﻮوﯾﺖnáhâtibûy(t)
ﻧﻪﻫﺎﺗﺒﻮوnáhâtibû
ﻦä ﻧﻪﻫﺎﺗﺒﻮوnáhâtibûyn
ﻧﻪﻫﺎﺗﺒﻮونnáhâtibûn
ﻧﻪﻫﺎﺗﺒﻮونnáhâtibûn
The past perfect of bûn ‘to be’ can be slightly irregular. In addition to the
expected ﺑـﻮوﺑـﻮوbûbû, there is also a conjugation based on the form ـﺑﺒـﻮوbibû,
as follows:
ﺑﺒﻮومbibûm
ﺑﺒﻮوﯾﺖ، ﺑﺒﻮوىbibûy(t)
ﺑﺒﻮوbibû
ﻦä ﺑﺒﻮوbibûyn
ﺑﺒﻮونbibûn
ﺑﺒﻮونbibûn
The past perfect tense is commonly used in the expression heshtâ + negative past perfect + ka (‘no sooner had…than,’ ‘scarcely had…when’).
ــﲃ ﺑـﻪŸﮕïـــﻮو ﻛـﻪ دﻩ ـJ0 ﻫ?ــﺸـ=ﺘــﺎ ﻧـﻪﻧـﻮﺳHeshtâ nánustibû ka
.ﺸﺖö ﮔﻮێ ﮔﻪdangèk’î ba gwe gaysht.
No sooner had he gone to
sleep than a sound
reached his ear.
§ 30.1. The Past Perfect Tense (Transitive). The past perfect tense of
56
THE VERB
transitive verbs is formed, like that of intransitive verbs, from the past stem
+ -i- + the past tense of bûn—with the addition of the agent affixes somewhere. Past stems that end in vowels add bû directly without the -i-. Examples: dîtin and dân:
ﻮوJ0م دﯾ
ﻮوJ0ت دﯾ
ﻮوJ0ى دﯾ
-im dîtibû
-it dîtibû
-î dîtibû
ﻮوJ0ﻣﺎن دﯾ
ﻮوJ0ن دﯾé
ﻮوJ0ن دﯾã
-mân dîtibû
-tân dîtibû
-yân dîtibû
م داﺑﻮو
ت داﺑﻮو
ى داﺑﻮو
-im dâbû
-it dâbû
-î dâbû
ﻣﺎن داﺑﻮو
ن داﺑﻮوé
ن داﺑﻮوã
-mân dâbû
-tân dâbû
-yân dâbû
As with all past transitives, if there is nothing else to which the agent affixes
can be attached, they go onto the end of the verb form, as in
ﻮومJ0دﯾ
ﻮوتJ0دﯾ
ﻮوىJ0دﯾ
dîtibûm
dîtibût
dîtibûy
ﻮوﻣﺎنJ0دﯾ
نéﻮوJ0دﯾ
نãﻮوJ0دﯾ
داﺑﻮوم
داﺑﻮوت
داﺑﻮوى
dîtibûmân
dîtibûtân
dîtibûyân
dâbûm
dâbût
dâbûy
داﺑﻮوﻣﺎن
نéداﺑﻮو
نãداﺑﻮو
dâbûmân
dâbûtân
dâbûyân
And if there is any available preverbal matter, the agent affixes are attached
thereto, as in negative and compound verbs. Examples: dîtin and dar-hênân.
ﻮوJ0 ﻧﻪﻣﺪﯾnámdîtibû
ﻮوJ0 ﻧﻪﺗﺪﯾnátdîtibû
ﻮوJ0 ﻧﻪﯾﺪﯾnáydîtibû
ﻨﺎﺑﻮوST دﻩرdarimhenâbû
ﻨﺎﺑﻮوS دﻩرﲥdarithenâbû
ﻨﺎﺑﻮوS دﻩرﳞdarîhenâbû
ﻮوJ0 ﻧﻪﻣﺎﻧﺪﯾnámândîtibû
ﻮوJ0ﻧﺪﯾé ﻧﻪnátândîtibû
ﻮوJ0ﻧﺪﯾã ﻧﻪnáyândîtibû
ﻨﺎﺑﻮوS دﻩرﻣﺎﳖdarmânhenâbû
ﻨﺎﺑﻮوSﳖé دﻩرdartânhenâbû
ﻨﺎﺑﻮوSﳖã دﻩرdaryânhenâbû
§ 31. The Past Subjunctive. The intransitive past subjunctive is formed
like the past perfect, but instead of the past tense of bûn, the present subjunctive of bûn is added. Examples: hâtin and chûn:
ﻫﺎﺗﱬhâtibim
ﺖí ﻫﺎﺗﺒhâtibî(t)
ﻫﺎﺗﺒ?ﺖhâtibe(t)
ﻫﺎﺗﺒﲔhâtibîn
ﻫﺎﺗﱭhâtibin
ﻫﺎﺗﱭhâtibin
ﭼﻮوﰈchûbim
ﺖí ﭼﻮوﺑchûbî(t)
ﭼﻮوﺑ?ﺖchûbe(t)
The negative is formed by prefixing ná- to the verb:
57
ﭼﻮوﺑﲔchûbîn
ﻦœ ﭼﻮوchûbin
ﻦœ ﭼﻮوchûbin
SORANI KURDISH
ﻧﻪﻫﺎﺗﱬnáhâtibim ﻧﻪﻫﺎﺗﺒﲔnáhâtibîn ﻧﻪﭼﻮوﰈnáchûbim ﻧﻪﭼﻮوﺑﲔnáchûbîn
ﺖí ﻧﻪﻫﺎﺗﺒnáhâtibî(t) ﻧﻪﻫﺎﺗﱭnáhâtibin ﺖí ﻧﻪﭼﻮوﺑnáchûbî(t) ﻦœ ﻧﻪﭼﻮوnáchûbin
ﻧﻪﻫﺎﺗﺒ?ﺖnáhâtibe(t) ﻧﻪﻫﺎﺗﱭnáhâtibin ﻧﻪﭼﻮوﺑ?ﺖnáchûbe(t) ﻦœ ﻧﻪﭼﻮوnáchûbin
Transitive verbs are similarly formed (here, as usual, a 3rd-person singular
patient is assumed). Examples: dîtin and dân:
>0 ـﻢ دﯾ-im dîtibe(t)
>0 ـﺖ دﯾ-it dîtibe(t)
>0 ـﻰ دﯾ-î dîtibe(t)
+ ـﻢ دا-im dâbe(t)
+ ـﺖ دا-it dâbe(t)
+ ـﻰ دا-î dâbe(t)
>0 ـﲈن دﯾ-mân dîtibe(t)
>0 ـﺘﺎن دﯾ-tân dîtibe(t)
>0 ـﻴﺎن دﯾ-yân dîtibe(t)
+ ـﲈن دا-mân dâbe(t)
+ ـﺘﺎن دا-tân dâbe(t)
+ ـﻴﺎن دا-yân dâbe(t)
If there is no preverbal matter available, the agent affixes are attached to the
verb, as follows in the examples dîtin and kirdinawa:
ﱲŸ@ دﯾﺘdîtibetim
ﺘﺖŸ@ دﯾﺘdîtibetit
ﱴŸ@ دﯾﺘdîtibetî
ـﻤﻪوﻩ-S )ﺮدﺑkirdibetimawa
ﻪوﻩ-0S )ﺮدﺑkirdibetitawa
ﻪوﻩ:0S )ﺮدﺑkirdibetîawa
نðŸ@ دﯾﺘdîtibetmân
ﺘﺘﺎنŸ@ دﯾﺘdîtibettân
ﺘﻴﺎنŸ@ دﯾﺘdîtibetyân
ﻧﻪوﻩð? )ﺮدﺑkirdibetmânawa
ﺎﻧﻪوﻩ-0S )ﺮدﺑkirdibettânawa
ﺎﻧﻪوﻩ:0S )ﺮدﺑkirdibetyânawa
And if there is any available preverbal matter, the agent affixes are attached
thereto, as in dîtin and dar-henân:
ﺖŸ@ ﻧﻪﻣﺪﯾﺘnámdîtibe(t)
ﺖŸ@ ﻧﻪﺗﺪﯾﺘnátdîtibe(t)
ﺖŸ@ ﺗﻪﯾﺪﯾﺘnáydîtibe(t)
ﻨﺎﺑ?ﺖST دﻩرdarimhenâbe(t)
ﻨﺎﺑ?ﺖS دﻩرﲥdarithenâbe(t)
ﻨﺎﺑ?ﺖS دﻩرﳞdarîhenâbe(t)
ﺖŸ@ ﻧﻪﻣﺎﻧﺪﯾﺘnámândîtibe(t)
ﺖŸ@ﻧﺪﯾﺘé ﻧﻪnátândîtibe(t)
ﺖŸ@ﻧﺪﯾﺘã ﻧﻪnáyândîtibe(t)
ﻨﺎﺑ?ﺖS دﻩرﻣﺎﳖdarmânhenâbe(t)
ﻨﺎﺑ?ﺖSﳖé دﻩرdartânhenâbe(t)
ﻨﺎﺑ?ﺖSﳖã دﻩرdaryânhenâbe(t)
58
THE VERB
The past subjunctive is used (1) after all constructions that take subjunctive
complements when the complement is in the past, as, for example
(a) after دﻩﰉdábe ‘must,’ as in
.ﺸ=ﺘﱭö رۆ+ ﭘﻴﺎوﻩﰷن دﻩPyâwakân dábe royshtibin.
The men must have gone.
.(> )دﯾﺘﱭ0 ﺋﻪو ﺷ=ﺘﺎﻧﻪت دﯾ+ دﻩDábe aw shitânát dîtibe
(dîtibin).
You must have seen those
things.
(b) for a past tense complement to a predicate adjective. Such complementary clauses are often introduced by the conjunction ﻛـﻪka ‘that,’ but it
is optional.
.(ﮕﻪ ﻛﻪ ]ران ]رﯾ> )]رﯾﺒ?ﺖï رﻩRang a ka bârân bârîbe(t). It’s possible that it (has)
rained.1
.ﱲŸ@ ﻻزم ﻧﻴﻪ )ﻛﻪ( دﯾﺘLâzim niya (ka) dîtibetim. It’s not necessary for me
to have seen it.
(2) in past clauses after superlatives (note that a relative-clause antecedent
modified by a superlative is in the indefinite state, …èk).
+ﻰ داkﻜﻪ ﻛﻪ ﻫﻪوS= ﯾﻪﻛﻪﻣﲔ ﻛﻪﺳyekamîn kasèk a ka hawłî
…
dâbe…
He is the first person who
has attempted…
In this type of clause the subject of the relative clause must be the same as
the noun modified by the superlative. In an example such as
ﻜﻪ ﻛﻪ دﯾﺘﻮوﻣﻪS= ﯾﻪﻛﻪﻣﲔ ﻛﻪﺳyekamîn kasèk a ka dîtûma
he’s the first person I’ve
seen
the relative clause is not subjunctive because the subjects of the main clause
(‘he’) and of the relative clause (‘I’) are different.
(3) in past relative clauses after negatives (‘there isn’t anyone who has
…’) or expressions with an essentially negative sense (‘there are few who
have…’)
Compare this with the present subjunctive: ـﺖI ـﮕ ـﻪ ﻛ ـﻪ ]ران ﺑ ـﺒ ـﺎرï رﻩrang a ka bârân
bibâre(t) ‘it’s possible that it will rain.’
1
59
SORANI KURDISH
ﻛـــﻪس ﻧـــﻴـــﻪ ﻛـــﻪ ﺋـــﻪم ﻛـــﺘـــﺎوﻩىKas niya (ka) am ktâwáy
.+ﻨﺪI ﻧﻪﺧﻮnákhwendibe.
ﻛـﻪم ﻛـﻪس ﻫـﻪﯾـﻪ ﺣـﲀﯾـﻪﺗـﻪ ﻛـﯚن وKam kas haya ḥikâyat a
داﯾـﻪﭘـﲑﻩ وX ﻣ?ــﮋﯾﻨــﻪﰷﱏ )ـﻮردىX kon u lamezhînakân i
]ب و داﯾـــﻚ و ﻛـــﻪس و ﰷرىkurdî la dâyapîra u bâb u
.>0ﺴí ﺧﯚى ﻧﻪﺑdâyk u kasukâr i khoy
nábîstibe.
There isn’t anyone who
hasn’t read this book.
Rare is the person who has
not heard old Kurdish
stories of long ago from
his grandmother, grandfather, mother, and relatives.
(4) after ( وﻩك )وﻩ)ــــــﻮوwak(û) ‘as though’ in the past for hypothetical situations (note that wak(û) followed by the indicative means ‘just as’ for situations that have actually occurred)
…ﻪوﻩ-?ﺎن ﺑﲑ ﻛﻪوﺗﺒ:ﻜŸ0 وﻩ)ﻮو ﺷWakû shitèkyân bîr kawti- As though they remembetawa…
bered something…1
(5) in the past protasis of a possible conditional
X + ﺋـﻪﮔـﻪر ﮔﻴــﺎﱏ ﺧـﯚم ﺑـﻪﺧـﺖ )ـﺮدAgar gyân i khom bakht
ﻫﻴﭽـﻰ ﻛـﻪم
ﻣـﻦ ـ ـ،ـﺎوى ـ) ﻮڕﻣـﺎÛ? ـ ـﭘkirdibe la penâw i
. ¦وێkuřim’â, min hîch i ka’m
nâwe.
If I have sacrificed my life
for the sake of my son, I
do not want anything
else.
§ 32. The Irrealis Mood. The irrealis mood, which expresses an unfulfilled
or unfulfillable contrafactual statement, usually dependent upon an unrealized conditional, is identical to the past habitual tense (a- or da- + past
tense).
(a) The irrealis is used in the apodosis of contrafactual conditionals (see
§33 below) and expressions that are contrafactual apodoses with ellipsis, as
in
.ﻜﻪمœ ﻧﻪﻣﻪﺗﻮاﱏ ﻫﻴﭽﻰ •ﺮNamatwânî hîch i tir
bikam.
I couldn’t have done anything else (even if I had
wanted to).
This may be contrasted with ن ﺑـﲑ ﻛـﻪوتãﺷ=ﺘـﻪ
وﻩ)ـﻮو ﺋـﻪو ــwakû aw shitáyân bîr kawt
“just as they remembered that thing.”
1
60
THE VERB
. واى دﻩزاﱏß ﻫﻪر ﻛﻪﺳHar kasè wây dazânî.
Anybody would have
known.
(b) The irrealis is used after ﺧــــــﯚزﮔــــــﻪkhozga ‘would that’ for unfulfilled
wishes in the past:
!ﺖíﺶ ﺋﻪﻫﺎﺗöﲃ •ﺮCﺎرV ﺧﯚزﮔﻪKhozga jârèk i tirîsh
ahâtît!
! ﺧﯚزﮔﻪ زﺳ=ﺘﺎن ﻧﻪدﻩﻫﺎتKhozga zistân nádahât!
Would that you had come
some other time!
Would that winter had not
come!
§ 33. The Past Conditional. There are two forms of the past conditional
mood (‘if I had gone,’ ‘had I gone’). The first past conditional mood is
formed of the subjunctive prefix bí- (negative ná-) + the simple past conjugation + -âya.
INTRANSITIVE
ﲠﺎﲤﺎﯾﻪbíhâtimâya
ﺎﯾﻪ-í ﲠﺎﺗbíhâtîtâya
ﯾﻪé ﲠﺎbíhâtâya
ﺎﯾﻪÛí ﲠﺎﺗbíhâtînâya
ﲠﺎﺗﻨﺎﯾﻪbíhâtinâya
ﲠﺎﺗﻨﺎﯾﻪbíhâtinâya
TRANSITIVE
م ﺑﻨﻮوﺳ=ﻴﺎﯾﻪ-im bínûsîâya
ت ﺑﻨﻮوﺳ=ﻴﺎﯾﻪ-it bínûsîâya
ى ﺑﻨﻮوﺳ=ﻴﺎﯾﻪ-î bínûsîâya
ﻣﺎن ﺑﻨﻮوﺳ=ﻴﺎﯾﻪ-mân bínûsîâya
ن ﺑﻨﻮوﺳ=ﻴﺎﯾﻪé -tân bínûsîâya
ن ﺑﻨﻮوﺳ=ﻴﺎﯾﻪã -yân bínûsîâya
1
The second past conditional is similarly formed, but the bí- prefix is optional, and instead of the personal endings + -áya, the verb is formed like
the past subjunctive but based on bâ-, a variant of the subjunctive of bûn.
INTRANSITIVE
ﲠﺎﺗﺒﺎم،( ﻫﺎﺗﺒﺎمbí)hâtibâm
ﲠﺎﺗﺒﺎﯾﺖ،( ﻫﺎﺗﺒﺎﯾﺖbí)hâtibây(t)
ﻦä ﲠﺎﺗﺒﺎ،ﻦä( ﻫﺎﺗﺒﺎbí)hâtibâyn
ﲠﺎﺗﺒﺎن،( ﻫﺎﺗﺒﺎنbí)hâtibân
1
Or, if there is nothing preceding to which the agent affix can be attached, the
forms are ﲟﻨﻮوﺳ=ﻴﺎﯾﻪbímnûsîâya, ﻮوﺳ=ﻴﺎﯾﻪÛ0 ﺑbítnûsîâya, ﻮوﺳ=ﻴﺎﯾﻪÛí ﺑbíynûsîâya, &c.
61
SORANI KURDISH
( ﲠﺎﺗﺒﺎ)ﯾﻪ،(( ﻫﺎﺗﺒﺎ)ﯾﻪbí)hâtibâ(ya)
ﲠﺎﺗﺒﺎن،( ﻫﺎﺗﺒﺎنbí)hâtibân
TRANSITIVE
(ﺎ)ﯾﻪJí م ﺑﻨﻮوﺳ-im (bí)nûsîbâ(ya)
( ﻣﺎن ﺑﻨﻮوﺳ=ﺒﺎ)ﯾﻪ-mân (bí)nûsibâ(ya)
( ت ﺑﻨﻮوﺳ=ﺒﺎ)ﯾﻪ-it (bí)nûsibâ(ya)
(ن ﺑﻨﻮوﺳ=ﺒﺎ)ﯾﻪé -tân (bí)nûsibâ(ya)
(ﺎ)ﯾﻪJí ى ﺑﻨﻮوﺳ-î (bí)nûsîbâ(ya)
(ن ﺑﻨﻮوﺳ=ﺒﺎ)ﯾﻪã -yân (bí)nûsîbâ(ya)
The past conditional mood is used in the following instances:
(a) In contrafactual conditional sentences, the protasis (the ‘if’ clause)
contains a verb in the past conditional mood, and in the apodosis (the result
clause) the verb is in the irrealis. Note, as in the last three examples below,
that agar may be elipsed from the protasis.
ﺋـﺎزادت،ـﺎﯾـﻪ-íـ) ﲠـﺎ ـ ـﺗI ﺋـﻪﮔـﻪر دوAgar dwene bíhâtîtâya,
. دﻩدﯾﺖÂzâdit dádît.
If you had come yesterday, you would’ve seen
Azad.
. ﺋﻪﮔﻪﱙ، ﺋﻪﮔﻪر ¦ﻣﻪﻛﻪت ﺑﻨﺎرداﯾﻪAgar nâmakat bínârdâya, If you had sent the letter, it
ágayî.
would’ve arrived.
ﺑـﲑتX ،ـﻮوﺳـ=ـﻴـﺎﯾـﻪÛـ0 ﺋـﻪﮔـﻪر ﺑـAgar bitnûsîâya, la bîrit
. ﻧﻪدﻩﭼﻮوnádachû.
If you had written it, you
wouldn’t have forgotten
it.
ـﺎﯾـﻪ ﺋـﻪوﻫـﺎﻣـﺎنJـí ﻣـﻦ ﺋـﻪﮔـﻪر ﲟـﺰاﻧـMin agar bimzânîbâya If I had known that it
ــﮕــﺎﯾــﻪمC ﺋــﻪم ر، ﺑــﻪﺳــﻪر دێawhâmân basar de, am would happen thus to us,
ﻧــــﻪدﻩﮔــــﺗﺮــــﻪ ﺑــــﻪر و ﺧــــﯚم وregâyá’m nadagirtà bar u I wouldn’t have taken
ﺸﻤـﻢ ـﺗ ﻮوﳽ ﺋـﻪم ﻫـﻪﻣـﻮوíﻛ
]و ـ ـ ـkhom u bâwkîshimim tûsh this road and I wouldn’t
ــﺮاﱏﯾــﻪCــﻮk ﺑــﻪدﺑــﻪﺧــﱴ و ﻣــﺎi am hamû badbakhtî u have caused myself and
mâłwerânîá nadakird.
my father to encounter all
.ﻧﻪدﻩ)ﺮد
this misfortune.
X ﺠﮕـﻪSﺑ
ــ ـ،ﮕـﻪڕاﯾﺘــﺎﯾـﻪœ ﻣـﺎڵ ﺑـﻪ ﻣـﺎڵ ـMâł ba mâł bígařâytâya,
ـــﲃS=ــﺎڵ ﻫﻴــﭻ ﻛـﻪﺳÛ ﺋـﺎﻓـﺮﻩت و ﻣbejiga la âfrat u minâł
. •ﺮت ﻧﻪدﻩدىhîch kasèk i tirit nádadî.
62
Had you gone around
house by house, you
wouldn’t have seen anyone other than women
and children.
THE VERB
ﺑـﻪ ﻫـﻪر،ـﻚ ـﺑﻴـﺪ ـﯾﺒـﺎنIﺳ=ﻴـﺎو
ـﻧ ﻪ¦ ــ
.ﻪﻛﻪkدوو)ﻴﺎﱏ دﻩﮔﻮت ﭼﯚ
Nanâsyâwèk biydîbân, ba Were someone who didn’t
har dûkyânî dagut choła- know to see them, he
ka.
would call them both
swallows.
و ﺑـﻪرزاﰃﯾـﻪ ﺧـﯚتX ـ›ۆœ ﯾـﻪé ـﺑﻴـﻮBiywitâya biro l’ aw barﺧﺴ=ﺘـﻪ
ﺧـﯚم دﻩ ـ ــ، ﲞـﻪ ﺧـﻮارﻩوﻩzâîá khot bikha khwâra. ﺧﻮارﻩوﻩwa, khom dakhistà khwârawa.
Had he said, “Go throw
yourself off that high
place,” I would have
thrown myself off.
(b) The past conditional mood is used for past complements to –ـk ﺷـﺎshâłłâ
(‘I wish’) and ãـﺮœ biryâ (‘would that,’ functionally equivalent to khozga + irrealis [see §32, above]) for unfulfilled wishes.
ـﺸ =ــﻴـﺎنíـﻜـCـ– ﺳـﻮارى ﻛـﻪرk ﺷـﺎShâłłâ swâr i karèkîshyân
ﱏîن ﺑـﻪ ﻛـﯚîﻜـﺮد ـﯾﺘـﺎﯾـﻪ و ﻛـﯚœ ـbíkirdîtâya u kołân ba
.ﮕ?›اﯾﺘﺎﯾﻪï ﺷﺎر ﺑﻴﺎkołân i shâr biyângeřâytâya.1
. ﺋﻪو ﰷرﻩى ﻧﻪ)ﺮد]ﯾﻪãﺮœ Biryâ aw kâráy nakirdibâya.
I wish they had mounted
you on an ass and
paraded you through
every street in town.
Would that he hadn’t done
that.
§ 34. The Passive Voice. The past passive stem is constructed from the
present stem of a transitive verb + -râ. The present passive stem is the present stem + -re-. For example, from the stem bîn ‘see’ comes ـﺑﻴـﲊانbînrân ‘to
be seen,’ ﺑـﻴـﲊاbînrâ ‘it was seen,’ and ـﺖI دﻩﺑـﻴـﲊdábînre(t) ‘it is/can be seen’;
from the stem ner ‘send’ comes ـﻧ?ـﺮرانnerrân2 ‘to be sent,’ ـﻧ?ـﺮراnerrá ‘it was
sent,’ and ــﺖI دﻩﻧــ?ــﺮرdánerre(t) ‘it is sent.’ The past and present passives are
regularly conjugated:
PAST PASSIVE
ﺑﻴﲊامbînrâm
ﺑﻴﲊاﯾﺖbînrây(t)
ﻦä ﺑﻴﲊاbînrâyn
ﺑﻴﲊانbînrân
ﻧ?ﺮرامnerrâm
ﻧ?ﺮراﯾﺖnerrây(t)
1
ﻦä ﻧ?ﺮراnerrâyn
ﻧ?ﺮرانnerrân
Bíyângerâytâya = bí (subjunctive prefix) + yân (agent affix) + gerâ (verb stem)
+ yt (2nd-person singular patient suffix) + âya (conditional suffix).
2
Since rr = ř, the verb nerrân is often written alternatively as انﻧ.
63
SORANI KURDISH
ﺑﻴﲊاbînrâ
ﺑﻴﲊانbînrân
ﻧ?ﺮراnerrâ
ﻧ?ﺮرانnerrân
PRESENT PASSIVE
ﻢIدﻩﺑﻴﲊ
ﺖíIدﻩﺑﻴﲊ
دﻩﺑﻴﲊێ
dábînrem
dábînrey(t)
dábînre(t)
ﲔIدﻩﺑﻴﲊ
ﻦCدﻩﺑﻴﲊ
ﻦCدﻩﺑﻴﲊ
dábînreyn
dábînren
dábînren
ﻢIدﻩﻧ?ﺮر
ﺖíIدﻩﻧ?ﺮر
ﺖIدﻩﻧ?ﺮر
dánerrem
dánerreyt
dánerre(t)
ﲔIدﻩﻧ?ﺮر
ﻦCدﻩﻧ?ﺮر
ﻦCدﻩﻧ?ﺮر
dánerreyn
dánerren
dánerren
The past perfect passive conjugation is regularly formed as a vowel stem (‘I
had been seen, I had been sent’ &c.):
ﺑﻴﲊاﺑﻮومbînrâbûm
ﺑﻴﲊاﺑﻮوﯾﺖbînrâbûy(t)
ﺑﻴﲊاﺑﻮوbînrâbû
ﻧ?ﺮراﺑﻮومnerrâbûm
ﻧ?ﺮراﺑﻮوﯾﺖnerrâbûy(t)
ﻧ?ﺮراﺑﻮوnerrâbû
ﻦä ﺑﻴﲊاﺑﻮوbînrâbûyn
ﺑﻴﲊاﺑﻮونbînrâbûn
ﺑﻴﲊاﺑﻮونbînrâbûn
ﻦä ﻧ?ﺮراﺑﻮوnerrâbûyn
ﻧ?ﺮراﺑﻮونnerrâbûn
ﻧ?ﺮراﺑﻮونnerrâbûn
Irregular passives. Although the passive is regularly and predictably formed
from the vast majority of verbs, the following common verbs have irregularly formed passives:
ACTIVE
ﺴﱳí ﺑbîstin >
دانdân >
دﯾﱳdîtin >
ﮔﺮ•ﻦgirtin >
ﮔﯚ•ﻦgotin >
ﺧﺴﱳkhistin >
ﺧﻮاردنkhwârdin >
)ﺮدنkirdin >
PASSIVE
ﺴﱰانí ﺑbîstrân bîstre-, as well as the regularly formed
ﴪانí ﺑbîsrân bîsre درانd(i)rân d(i)reﺪرانÛí ﺑbîndrân bîndre-, as well as the regularly formed
ﺑﻴﲊانbînrân bînre ﮔﲑانgîrân gîre ﮔﻮ•ﺮانgutrân gutre ﺧﺮانkhirân khire ﺧﻮرانkhurân khure )ﺮانk(i)rân k(i)re64
THE VERB
¦ردنnârdin >
¦نnân >
و•ﻦwitin >
¦ردرانnârdrân nârdre-, ﻧ?ﺮدرانnerdrân nerdre-, and the
regularly formed ﻧ?ﺮرانnerrân nerreﺮاï n(i)rân n(i)re و•ﺮانwitrân witre-
Other moods and tenses of the passive are regularly formed. All passive
verbs are intransitive by definition and therefore never form their past tenses
on the ergative model. Examples of passive constructions are as follows:
ﻧــﻪéــﺴ =ــــﺘــﻪ ﺋــﻪم ﺣــﲀﯾــﻪöــﻮS ﭘــPewîst a am ḥikâyatâná
ـﻦCـﺎپ درá X ﻨـﻪوﻩ وI ـﺑﻨـﻮوﴎ ـbinûsrenawa u la châp
.ﻨﻪوﻩIﻜﺮœ و ﺑ–وdren u biłâw bikrenawa.
ﺑــﻪر دوﰷﻧــﻪﻛــﻪX ﺗــﻪﻧــﻪﻛــﻪﯾــﻪكTanakayèk la bar dukâna.ﺮاﺑﻮوï داká dâ-nrâbû.
It is necessary that these
stories be written down,
printed, and published.
A can had been set down
in front of the shop.
§ 34.1. The Past Passive Participle. The past passive participle is regularly
formed from the past passive stem in -râ + -w, giving, for example, ﺑـــــﻴـــــﲊاو
bînrâw ‘having been seen,’ ﻧ?ــﺮراوnerrâw ‘having been sent,’ and ﻧـﻮوﴎاوnûsrâw ‘having been written.’ The negative participle is regularly made by prefixing ná- ( ﻧ ـﻪﺑ ـﻴ ـﲊاوnábînrâw ‘not having been seen,’ ﻧ ـﻪﻧ ـ? ـﺮراوnánerrâw ‘not
having been sent’).
From the past passive participle is made the present perfect passive conjugation (‘I have been seen, I have been invited,’ &c.):
ﺑﻴﲊاومbînrâwim
ﺑﻴﲊاوﯾﺖbînrâwî(t)
ﺑﻴﲊاوﻩbînrâwa
ﮓ )ﺮاومï] bâng krâwim
ﮓ )ﺮاوﯾﺖï] bâng krâwî(t)
ﮓ )ﺮاوﻩï] bâng krâwa
ﻦä ﺑﻴﲊاوbînrâwîn
ﺑﻴﲊاونbînrâwin
ﺑﻴﲊاونbînrâwin
ﻦäﮓ )ﺮاوï] bâng krâwîn
ﮓ )ﺮاونï] bâng krâwin
ﮓ )ﺮاونï] bâng krâwin
Examples of passive constructions:
وﺗﻮو )ﺮدنwitû-kirdin ‘to iron’ >
وﺗﻮو )ﺮانwitû-kirân ‘to be ironed’
65
SORANI KURDISH
ﮕﺮ•ﻦSﺰ ﻟC رrez le-girtin ‘to respect’ > ﮕﲑانSﺰ ﻟC رrez le-gîrân ‘to be respected’
ﻪوﻩÛí ﻧﻮوﺳnûsînawa ‘to write down’ > ﻧﻮوﴎاﻧﻪوﻩnûsrânawa ‘to be written
down’
ﺑﻪرﮔﻪ ﭘﺎك و ﺗﻪﻣﲒﻩ وﺗﻮو)ﺮاوﻩﻛﻪىbarg a pâk u tamîz a witû-
his nice, clean, ironed
clothes
ﮕﲑاوSﺰﻟCﲃ ﺑﻪرزى رC ﭘﻴﺎوpyâwèk i barz i rezlegîrâw
an eminent, respected
man
kirâwakáy
ﻧ ـﻪé زۆرﺑ ـﻪى زۆرى ﺋ ـﻪم ﺣ ـﲀﯾ ـﻪZorba i zor i am ḥikâya. ﻧﻪﻧﻮوﴎاوﻧﻪوﻩtâná nanûsrâwinawa.
The vast majority of these
stories have not been
written down.
§ 35. Postposed Verbal Complements. With verbs of motion many verbal
complements are postposed, i.e. they come after the verb and are linked it
by the unstressed vowel à. For example, chûn is ‘to go,’ but chûnà mâłè is
‘to go home.’ The linking vowel occurs in all persons in all tenses. In the
present tense the t inherent in the 2nd and 3rd persons singular is recovered
before the à. An example of the present tense is that of chûnà mâłè:
ßkﻪ ﻣﺎX دﻩdáchimà mâłè
ßkﺘﻪ ﻣﺎ: دﻩﭼdáchîtà mâłè
ßkﺘﻪ ﻣﺎŸ دﻩﭼdáchetà mâłè
ßkﻨﻪ ﻣﺎ: دﻩﭼdáchînà mâłè
ßkﻪ ﻣﺎÛ دﻩﭼdáchinà mâłè
ßkﻪ ﻣﺎÛ دﻩﭼdáchinà mâłè
In the past tenses, the linking à also comes between the verb and its complement. The t inherent in the 2nd person singular is always recovered. An example of the paradigm for verbs with consonant-final stems is hâtinà darè,
‘to come out.’
ﻫﺎﲤﻪ دﻩرێhâtimà darè
ﻪ دﻩرێ-í ﻫﺎﺗhâtîtà darè
ﻫﺎﺗﻪ دﻩرێhâtà darè
ﻪ دﻩرێÛí ﻫﺎﺗhâtînà darè
ﻫﺎﺗﻨﻪ دﻩرێhâtinà darè
ﻫﺎﺗﻨﻪ دﻩرێhâtinà darè
In 3rd-person singular past verbs ending in -û and -î, a t may be infixed (depending upon dialect) between the verb and the linking à, as in chûnà shârawa ‘to go to town’ and gayînà mâlawa ‘to reach home.’
66
THE VERB
ﭼﻮوﻣﻪ ﺷﺎرﻩوﻩchûmà shârawa
ﭼﻮوﯾﺘﻪ ﺷﺎرﻩوﻩchûytà shârawa
ﭼﻮوﺗﻪ ﺷﺎرﻩوﻩchûtà shârawa
ﻪوﻩkـﻤﻪ ﻣﺎ: ﮔﻪﯾgayîmà mâława
ﻪوﻩkﻪ ﻣﺎ-í ﮔﻪﯾﻴgayîytà mâława
ﻪوﻩkﻪ ﻣﺎ-í ﮔﻪﯾgayîtà mâława
ﭼﻮوﯾﻨﻪ ﺷﺎرﻩوﻩchûynà shârawa
ﭼﻮوﻧﻪ ﺷﺎرﻩوﻩchûnà shârawa
ﭼﻮوﻧﻪ ﺷﺎرﻩوﻩchûnà shârawa
ﻪوﻩkﻪ ﻣﺎÛí ﮔﻪﯾﻴgayîynà mâława
ﻪوﻩkﻪ ﻣﺎÛí ﮔﻪﯾgayînà mâława
ﻪوﻩkﻪ ﻣﺎÛí ﮔﻪﯾgayînà mâława
1
In past verbs that end in -â, a y is infixed between the verb and the linking à,
as in dânà yek ‘to throw together’:
داﻣﻪ ﯾﻪكdâmà yek
داﺗﻪ ﯾﻪكdâtà yek
داﯾﻪ ﯾﻪكdâyà yek
م داﯾﻪ ﯾﻪك-im dâyà yek
ت داﯾﻪ ﯾﻪك-it dâyà yek
ى داﯾﻪ ﯾﻪك-î dâyà yek
داﻣﺎﻧﻪ ﯾﻪكdâmânà yek
ﻧﻪ ﯾﻪكé داdâtânà yek
ﻧﻪ ﯾﻪكã داdâyânà yek
ﻣﺎن داﯾﻪ ﯾﻪك-mân dâyà yek
ن داﯾﻪ ﯾﻪكé -tân dâyà yek
ن داﯾﻪ ﯾﻪكã -yân dâyà yek
With verbs in -awa, the -awa suffix takes precedence over the directional
-à, which is deleted. Compare the following:
ﻫﺎﲤﻪ ﻫﯚشHâtimà hosh.
ﻫﺎﲤﻪوﻩ ﻫﯚشHâtimawa hosh.
I came to consciousness.
I regained consciousness.
When a postposed directional complement is turned into a preposed pronominal enclitic, the directional -à becomes -è.
ـﮕـﺎﺗـﻪ ﺷـﺎر < ﺋـﻪﯾـﻪوێœ ﺋـﻪﯾـﻪوێAyawe bigâtà shâr >
, ﺑﻴﮕﺎAyawe biygâtè.
ـــﻮﻩS ﻫـــﻪرﮔـــﲒ ¦ﮔـــﻪﻣـــﻪ ﺋـــﻪو ﻛـــHargîz nâgamà aw kew a
ßﮕﻪﻣï㦠< دووراﻧﻪdûrâná > nâyângamè.
1
ﭼﻮوﻩ ﺷﺎرﻩوﻩChûà shârawa also exists in some regions.
67
He wants to get to town >
He wants to get to it.
I’ll never make it to those
far-away mountains >
I’ll never make it to
them.
SORANI KURDISH
This also happens occasionally with the verb دان ﺑــــــــﻪdân ba ‘to give to,’ in
which case the preposition ba is deleted, its place taken by the directional
-è. A full conjugation of this phenomenon is illustrated by the following:
ßﺋﻪﻣﻪت دﻩدﻩﻣ
Yﺋﻪﻣﻪم دﻩدﻩﯾ
,ن دﻩداãﺋﻪﻣﻪ
)ﺋﻪﻣﻪی دﻩدﻩﯾ
Zﺋﻪﻣﻪﻣﺎن دﻩدﻩ
ن دﻩدﻩنéﺋﻪﻣﻪ
ama’t dadamè ‘I’ll give this to you’
ama’m dadaytè ‘you’ll give this to me’
ama’yân dadâtè ‘s/he’ll give this to them’
ama’y dadaynè ‘we’ll give this to him/her’
ama’mân dadanè ‘you’ll give this to us’
ama’tân dadanè ‘they’ll give this to you (pl)’
Examples:
< ـــﻚ ﺑـﻪ ﺳـﺆا ـ\ﻜـﻪرﻩﰷن ﺑـﺪات
Ÿ0 ﺷShitèk ba suâlkarakân Let him give something to
,ﺎن ﺑﺪا:ﻜŸ0 ﺷbídât > Shitèkyân bídâtè. the beggars > Let him
give them something.
ßﲂ ﺑﻪو ﭘﻴﺎوﻩ دا < داﻣŸ0 ﺷShitèkim b’ aw pyâwá
dâ > dâmè
. دﻩ دراوم ﺑﺪﻩرێDa dirâwim bidarè.
.ß دﻩ ﻫﻪزار ﻟﲑﻩت دﻩدﻩﻣDa hazâr lîrat dadamè.
I gave something to that
man > I gave it to him.
Give me ten dirhems.
I’ll give you ten thousand
liras.
§ 36. Factitive Verbs. The factitive infinitive is formed from the present
stem of the intransitive (if the intransitive stem ends in -e, it is dropped) +
-(y)ândin. The present stem of all such verbs is in -(y)en-. Examples are:
ﺎنu روrukhân (pres. stem rukhe-)
‘to be destroyed’ >
ﺎﻧﺪنu روrukhândin rukhen- ‘to
destroy’
ﻣﺮدنmirdin (pres. stem mir-)
ﻣﺮاﻧﺪنmirândin miren- ‘to make
‘to die’ >
die, to kill’
ﺸﱳö ﮔﻪgayshtin (pres. stem ga-)
ﻧﺪنã ﮔﻪgayândin gayen- ‘to make
‘to reach’ >
reach, to deliver’
ﺸﱳö ﮔﻪ, te-gayshtin (pres. stem te- ﻧﺪنã ﮔﻪ, te-gayândin te-gayen- ‘to
ga-) ‘to understand’ >
make understand’
68
THE VERB
.?ﺮا ر÷ﻛ?ﺸﺎ و ﺧﯚى ﻣﺮاﻧﺪu ﻮىI رrewî kherâ râkeshâ u khoy The fox quickly stretched
mirând.
out and played ’possum
(“made himself dead”).
.ﻧﺪێãن ﮔﻪã ﻻوﻩﰷن ﺧﯚlâwakân khoyân gayândè. The youths got themselves
to him.
،م ﻫـﺎ ـﺗﻨـﻪ ﻧـﻪ)ـﺮداﯾـﻪX ـﻪزمi ﺋـﻪﮔـﻪرagar ḥazim l’ am hâtiná
ــ*ﻰSــﻚ ﺗــIــﻮاﱏ ﺑــﻪ ﺟــﯚر- دﻩﻣــnakirdâya, damtwânî ba
.ﮕﻪﯾ?ﲌœ jorèk tey bigayenim.
69
If I hadn’t wanted to come
on this trip, I could have
made him understand
somehow.
OTHER SYNTACTICAL FEATURES
§ 37. Expressions of Temporal Duration. For statives (‘X state has been
going on for X amount of time’), the Kurdish temporal expression consists
of: the temporal + -(y)a + present perfect tense verb:
ـﻜـﻪ ]ﳻ ﭼـﯚﻧـ?ـﱴSـkـﻪﻧـﺪ ﺳـﺎá Chand sâłèk a bâs i cho ـﻮﻩﰷﱏ زﻣ ـﺎﱏS ﯾ ـﻪﻛ ـﮕ ـﺗﺮـﲎ ﺷ ـ= ـnetî i yekgirtin i shewakân i zimân i kurdî hâtû.)ﻮردى ﻫﺎﺗﻮوﻩﺗﻪ ﮔﯚڕێ
atà gořè.
.ﺸ=ﺘﻮوﻣﻪíﮑﻪ ﻟ?ﺮﻩ ﻧSﻪﻧﺪ ﺳﺎ™ﻪﺗá Chand sâ‘atek a l’ era
nîshtûma.
For several years now discussion of how to unite
the dialects of the Kurdish language has come to
the fore.
I’ve been sitting here for
several hours.
For present statives with the verb ‘to be’ (‘he’s been here for X amount of
time’) the formula is: temporal + -(y)a + present copula:
.ﻪ ﻟ?ﺮﻩﯾﻪk ﭼﻮار ﺳﺎChwâr sâł a l’era ya.
He’s been here for four
years.
For on-going, progressive action continuing to the present (‘it’s been raining for X amount of time’) the formula is: temporal + -(y)a + present progressive verb.
.ﻜﻪ ]ران دﻩ]رێCﻪﻧﺪ رۆژá Chand rozhèk a bârân
dabâre.
It’s been raining for several days.
… ﻣ?ﮋووﻩ دﻩزاﱎX زۆرZor la mezhû a dazânim… I’ve known for a very long
time…
For negatives (‘I haven’t done X for X amount of time’) the formula is:
temporal + -(y)a + negative present perfect verb.
.ﻪ ﻧﻪﻣﺎﻧﺪﯾﺘﻮوﻧﻪk ﭼﻮار ﺳﺎChwâr sâł a námândîtûna. We haven’t seen them for
four years.
.ﻜﻪ ]ران ﻧﻪ]رﯾﻮﻩCﻪﻧﺪ رۆژá Chand rozhèk a bârân
nábârîwa.
70
It hasn’t rained for several
days.
OTHER SYNTACTICAL FEATURES
For the past (‘something had been going on for X amount of time’), the
formula is: temporal + (da)bû + past progressive for affirmative or past perfect for the negative (‘I hadn’t done X for X amount of time’):
ــــﻚ دﻩﺑــــﻮو ]رانIــــﻪﻧــــﺪ رۆژá Chand rozhèk dabû bârân
. دﻩ]رىdabârî.
ـــــﻚ ﺑـــــﻮو ]رانIـــــﻪﻧـــــﺪ رۆژá Chand rozhèk bû bârân
. ﻧﻪ]رﯾﺒﻮوnábârîbû.
ـﮓ دﻩﺑـﻮوï ﭼـﻮار ﻣـﺎßﻜـﻪى ﺳـäـﺰـï Nizîka i se–chwâr mâng
.ﻮوJ0 ﻧﻪﻣﺪﯾdabû namdîtibû.
… ﻣ?ﮋوو ﺑﻮو دﻩﻣﺰاﱏX زۆرZor la mezhû bû damzânî…
It had been raining for
several days.
It hadn’t rained for several
days.
I hadn’t seen him for nearly three or four months.
I had known for a long
time that…
§ 38. Subordinating Conjunctions. Subordinating conjunctions generally
consist of prepositions + awaî (ka), where the relative ka, as in relative
clauses (see §39), is optional.
Conjunctions that mean ‘after,’ like دوا ـﺋﻴـﺎ ﮐـﻪX (la) dwâîâ ka, دوای ﺋـﻪوﻩی ﮐـﻪ
dwâ i awaî ka, and ﭘــــﺎش ﺋــــﻪوﻩی ﮐــــﻪX (la) pâsh awaî ka, are followed by an
indicative verb, present or past according to sense.
.ﲎíﻪوﻩ ﺋﻪﯾﺒ-íﺎك ﺋﻪﺑá دواﺋﻴﺎ ﻛﻪX la dwâî’â ka châk
abîtawa, aybînî.
دواى ﺋﻪوﻩى ﻛﻪ ﺷﺎر ﺧﺮۆﺷﺎdwâ i awaî ka shâr
khiroshâ, …
After you are well again,
you’ll see him.
After the city was thrown
into an uproar, …
Conjunctions that mean ‘before’ (وﻩى ﻛ ـﻪX ﺑ ـﻪرbar l’ awaî ka, ﭘ ـ? ـﺶ ﺋ ـﻪوﻩى ﻛ ـﻪ
pesh awaî ka) are invariably followed by a present subjunctive verb. The
correct tense for English translation is gained from context.
ــــﻪ
ﺘŸ;Sوﻩى ﻻﻓـﺎوﻩﻛـﻪ ﻫـﻮرژم ﺑـX ﺑـﻪرbar l’ awaî lâfâwaká
ــﻪﰷنkــﺎÛ ﺳــﻪر ژوورﻩﰷﳕــﺎن ﻣــhurizhm benetà sar zhû.رﯾﻴﺎن ﺋﻪ)ﺮدã ﻜﻪوﻩS ﭘrakânmân, minâłakân
pekawa yârîyân akird.
Before the torrent hurled
down on our rooms, the
children were playing
together.
Other conjunctions that demand a subjunctive verb include ba be awaî (ka)
‘without’
71
SORANI KURDISH
…ﲌ دﻩﻣﺰاﱏ ﻛﻪ:@ ﺋﻪوﻩى ﺑﻴ+ ﺑﻪba be awaî biybînim, dám- Without my seeing it, I
zânî ka…
knew that…
and ( ﺑﯚ ﺋﻪوﻩی )ﮐﻪbo awaî (ka) ‘in order that’
،ﻨـــﺎنS ﺋـﻪو ﯾـﻪﻛـﻪم رۆژى ﺑـﯚ ﺧـﯚراﻫaw yekam rozh’î bo khoß* ﺑـﯚ ﺋـﻪوﻩى ﭘـ، ﺑـﯚ ﻣـﻪﺷـﻖ دا¦ﺑـﻮوrâhenan, bo mashq dânâ ﻫـــﻪﻣـــﻮوX و ﭘـــﻠـــﲈن راﺑـــ?ـــﺖ وbû, bo awaî pe u pilmân
ﮕـﻪCﻜـﻪوﻩ ﺧـﯚﻣـﺎن ﺑـﯚ ﺋـﻪو ر ـS روو ـ ـﯾrâbet u la hamû rûyèkawa khomân bo aw rega
.ﻦäﻜﻪœ ﮋﻩ ﺋﺎﻣﺎدﻩCدوور و در
He had set that first day
for getting ourselves accustomed, for practice, in
order that our legs and
feet become accustomed
and that we make ourselves ready in every way
for that long road.
ﮔـﻮ¦ﱓ ﺧـﯚى+ ﰽ وe ﺑـﯚ ﺋـﻪوﻩى ﭘـbo awaî pâkî u begunâhî i
…)Sﻤk ^ﺴﻪkhoy bisałmene…
in order that he prove his
innocence…
dûr u drezhá âmâda bikayn.
A short list of common subordinating conjunctions:
(ﻪى )ﻛﻪVﺑﻪو ﻣﻪر
b’ aw marjáî (ka) provided that, on condition that (+
subj.)
( ﺑﻪ ﰉ ﺋﻪوﻩى )ﻛﻪba be awaî (ka) without (+ pres. subj.)
(وﻩى )ﻛﻪX ﺑﻪرbar l’ awaî (ka) before (+ pres. subj.)
( ﺑﻮ ﺋﻪوﻩى )ﻛﻪbo awaî (ka) in order that (+ pres. subj.)
ﻜﻮوïﭼﻮ
(دواى ﺋﻪوﻩى )ﻛﻪ
ﺎ ﻛﻪV
ﻛﻪ
ﻚS ﰷﺗ،,ﰷ
(ﭘﺎش ﺋﻪﻣﻪى|ﺋﻪوﻩی )ﻛﻪ
(ﭘ?ﺶ ﺋﻪوﻩى )ﻛﻪ
chunkû since
dwâ i awaî (ka) after
jâ ka inasmuch as
ka when
kâtè(k) when
pâsh amaî/awaî (ka) after
pesh awaî (ka) before (+ pres. subj.)
§ 39. Relative Clauses. Relative clauses in Kurdish are often, but not necessarily, introduced by the relative pronoun ka ‘who, which, that.’ Syntactically Kurdish relative clauses do not differ significantly from Persian relative clauses, with the exception of the omission of the relative pronoun,
72
OTHER SYNTACTICAL FEATURES
which does not happen in Persian. The antecedent of any relative pronoun,
expressed or omitted, is usually but not necessarily marked by enclitic -î, -e,
or -èk. Generally speaking, the relative pronoun ka may be omitted, particularly when it functions as the object of the verb in the relative clause. The
relative pronoun is not often omitted when it functions as the subject
(logical or real) of the verb in the relative clause—as in English (‘the man
whom I met’ and ‘the man with whom I went’ may be equally well expressed as ‘the man I met’ and ‘the man I went with,’ but ‘the man who
came’ cannot become *‘the man came’).
If the syntactical function of the relative pronoun within the relative
clause is other than subject of the verb, the grammatical place is marked
within the clause by a “referent pronoun” that refers back to the relative.
The verb inside a relative clause modifying a true indefinite or nonspecific
antecedent is in the subjunctive, as in Persian. Examples follow.
X ـﻮوJ0ﺳ
ﺳـﻪرى )ـﻮڕﻩﻛـﻪى ﻛـﻪ ﻧـﻮ ــsar i kuřakáî ka nustibû,
.ﺮدœ ﺳﻪر راﱏla sar rânî bird.
She took the head of the
boy, who had fallen
asleep, from her lap.
In this example the relative pronoun ka functions as the subject of nustibû—
and is therefore not omissible—and the antecedent is marked by -î.
ﻻوﻩﰷن ﻛــــﻪ ﺑــــﯚX ــــﻚS ﯾــــﻪﻛــــyekèk la lâwakân, ka bo
ــﲎ ﺑـﻪرﻫـﻪم ﭼـﻮوﺑـﻮوﻩ ﺷـﺎر0 ﻓـﺮۆﺷfroshtin i barham chû. دانß*ﲎ ﭘS ﮔﻪڕاﯾﻪوﻩ و ﻣﮋﮔbûà shâr, gařâyawa u
mizgenî pe dân.
One of the young men,
who had gone to town to
sell produce, returned
and gave them the good
news.
Here the relative pronoun ka refers to the antecedent yekèk la lâwakân. The
-èk ending on yekèk functions as the marker of the antecedent.
ﺗـــﯚ+ ﻫـــﻪر ™ـــﻪرﻩ+ ﻻت وا ﻧـــﻪlât wâ nabe har ‘arabè to
ـﺖ ﺋـﻪم ¦واﻧـﻪ ﮔـﺶí ﺗـﻮوﳽ ﺑـtûshî bît, am nâwâná gish
.Z دﻩزاdazâne.
73
Don’t think every Arab
you meet knows all these
names.
SORANI KURDISH
optional
relative
pronoun
relative clause
lât wâ nabe har arabe [ka] to tûsh- î
bît
am nâwâná gish dazâne
referent
pronoun
In this example the referent pronoun -î complementing tûshî refers to the
antecedent, har arab, marked with the enclitic -e. The relative pronoun is
omitted. The verb tûsh-bît is in the subjunctive because the antecedent is
nonspecific and the clause is hypothetical (‘any and every Arab you may
meet’1).
ـــﺰاﱏïã ﺗـــﯚ ﺋـــﻪم ﻛـــﻪﻣـــﺎﻧـــﻪى دﻩto am kamânáî dayânzânî, Write down these few
things you know.
. ﺑﻴﺎﻧﻨﻮوﺳﻪوﻩbiyânnûsawa.
antecedent
marker
optional
relative
pronoun relative clause
to am kamâná î [ka] da- yân -zânî biyânnûsawa
referent
pronoun
In this example the referent pronoun -yân in dayânzânî refers to the antecedent am kamâná, which is marked as antecedent by -î without the relative
pronoun. The -yân- in biyânnûsawa is a resumptive object pronoun, which,
strictly speaking, is optional since the object of binûsawa has already been
stated (am kamâná). Such resumptive object pronouns are often used after a
relative clause to make clear that the antecedent of the relative clause is
actually the object of the main verb.
)ــــﺮدوونßى ﻟــــëواﻧــــﻪى ﮔــــX l’ awânaî gilay le kirdûn,
.ﺎوازﻩ: ﺟjyâwâz a.
It is different from those
things he has complained
of.
Compare the hypothetical subjunctive clause with the actual ﻣ ـﻦ ﺗ ـﻮوﳽ+ﻫ ـﻪر ™ ـﻪرﻩ
ﺑـــــــﻮوﻣـــــــﻪhar ‘arabè min tûshî bûma “every Arab I’ve met,” where the antecedent is
1
definite and the verb of the relative clause describes something that has actually
happened.
74
OTHER SYNTACTICAL FEATURES
Here the referent pronoun -n, the “bumped” complement of the preposition
le, refers to the antecedent awâna, which is so marked by -î without the relative pronoun.
ﺧـﯚى ﺋـﻪ)ـﺮد ﻛـﻪ ﺋـﻪو دووX زۆرىzorî la khoy akird ka aw
ﻧـﻪوێãﻣ?ﺴﻜـﻪ ﮔـﻪورﻩﯾـﻪى ﺋـﻪ
ﻓـﺮ ــ ـdû firmesk a gawrayáî
.ﺘﻪوﻩIﻜﻪوﻧﻪ ﺧﻮارێ ﺑﻴﺎ_ﺸﺎرœ ayânawe bikawinà
He was forcing himself to
hide those two large
tears, which were about
khwârè biyânshâretawa. to dribble down.
In this example the antecedent of the relative clause, dû firmesk a gawrayá,
is marked by î, and the relative pronoun is omitted. The -yân- in biyânshâretawa is another example of a resumptive object pronoun.
ﺑـﲑم،ـــﻪوﻩ-?ـــﻚ )ـﺮدﺑŸ0 ﻫـﻪر ﺷX ﺑـﲑمbîrim la har shitèk kirdi. ﻣﺮدن ﻧﻪﻣﻜﺮدﺑﻮوﻩوﻩX betawa, bîrim la mirdin
namkirdibûawa.
Whatever I had thought
about, I hadn’t thought
about dying.
In this example, ـﻚŸ0ﺷ
ﻫـﻪر ـ ـhar shitèk ‘whatever’ produces an indefinite relative clause; thus the verb bîrim kirdibetawa is subjunctive, and in this case,
past subjunctive.
§ 40. Directional Nouns in è. Certain nouns become quasi-adverbial directionals with the addition of unstressed -è. Among these are ßـk ﻣـﺎmâłè ‘homeward,’ ژوورێzhûrè ‘inward,’ and دﻩرێdarè ‘outward.’ These directionals
tend to occur as postposed directionals after -à (see §35).
§ 41. Orthographic Peculiarities of Sorani Kurdish. For the most part,
Sorani Kurdish is written in a “phonetic” version of the Arabic alphabet in
which all but one of the vowels are given graphic representations. Only the
vowel i is not represented internally in a word.
The only real inconsistency in the writing system is the representation of
the sequence ye, which is written ﯾــــــﻪ, as though it were ya, which is written
the same. Both the writing of ye and the lack of indication of i go back to
early twentieth-century attempts to render Ottoman spelling more “phonetic” and actually have nothing to do with Kurdish, but since Kurdish spelling
was devised during the late Ottoman period, it has been saddled with ﯾـــــﻪfor
ye and nothing for i.
75
SORANI KURDISH
Writers of Kurdish, as well as writers of other languages using the Arabic
alphabet, are loathe to write several y’s in sequence. It is probably safe to
say that a word like gayîyn ‘we arrived,’ which technically should be
spelled ﮔــﻪﯾــﻴــﲔ, with three y’s in a row (one for the first y, a second for the î,
and a third for the second y), will never be seen with all three y’s. At most it
will appear as ﮔـﻪﯾـﲔ, the same spelling as gayîn ‘you/they arrived.’ The same
applies to the sequence -î i, i.e. a word ending in î followed by the i of the
izâfa: rarely is this sequence spelled with two y’s; generally the -î ending of
the word is spelled with y and the izâfa y is omitted, as in
ﻨﻪرﱉ ﺋﻪواﻧﻪk ﺑﯚ دbo diłnarmî i awâna
ﺣـﲀﯾـﻪت ﺋـﻪﻧـﺪازﻩ و ]رﺳـ=ـﺘـﺎﱙḥikâyat andâza u bâristâî i
dyârîkrâwî niya.
.رى)ﺮاوى ﻧﻴﻪãد
for placating them
A story does not have a
clearly defined size or
length.
In the reading passages occasionally a zer vowel point has been inserted under the y ( ِ )ىto indicate the missing vowel of the izâfa.
The same applies to the sequence îy, where a word ends in î and is followed by the 3rd-person singular pronominal enclitic (possessive or agent
affix). Occasionally the sequence is spelled in full with the correct number
of y’s, but normally only one y is written. This is particularly true when
there would be three y’s, as in
.ﻚ )ﺮدkﻪu X ﻣﺎڵﺋﺎواﱙmâłâwâîy la khałk kird.
He bade farewell to the
people.
The sequence îa, as in tânjîaká ‘the hunting dog,’ is written as either
ﳒﻴــﻪﻛـﻪé or ﳒـﻰﯾـﻪﻛـﻪé, as though the sequence were î-ya. The sequence îèk, given
the orthographic peculiarity of the -ek suffix after vowels, may be written as
îek or as îyek, as in tânjîèk ‘a hunting dog,’ which can be written either as
ﻚSﳒﻴé or more commonly as ﳒﻰﯾﻪكé.
There is also no unanimity among writers of Kurdish with regard to the
writing of compound words. Some put all the elements together, and others
leave each element separate. Thus, diłnarmî is spelled either دڵﻧـــــــــــــﻪرﱉor
ﻨــﻪرﱉkد, and dyârîkrâw is either رى)ـﺮاوã دor ﻜـﺮاوäرـãد. This is rarely troubling to
the reader, but the longer compounds like ﺳــﻪرﳒــ›÷ﻛــ?ــﺶsarinjřâkesh ‘attrac76
OTHER SYNTACTICAL FEATURES
tive’ become, the more difficult they become to recognize.
§ 42. Vowel Contractions. (1) The sequence -îa- is often contracted to -e-,
as in ﻪﻛﻪ:ﻜä ﺋﻪﻣﻪرamarîkîaká > ﻜﻪŸﻜä ﺋﻪﻣﻪرamarîkeká.
(2) The sequences -ûwa- and -ûa- can be contracted to -o-, as in ﺑــــﻮوﻩﺗــــﻪوﻩ
bûwatawa > ﺑـﯚﺗـﻪوﻩbotawa, دﯾﺘــﻮوﻩﺗـﻪوﻩdîtûatawa > دﯾﺘــﯚﺗـﻪوﻩdîtotawa, and ﺑﺒــﻮوﻩوﻩ
bibûawa > ﺑﺒﯚوﻩbibowa.
77
Verb Tenses and Moods
Present Habitual/Progressive (kawtin ‘fall,’ nûsîn ‘write,’ & qsa-kirdin ‘speak’)
SINGULAR
دﻩﻛﻪوم
دﻩﻛﻪوﯾﺖ
ﺖIدﻩﻛﻪو
¦ﻛﻪوم
ﻧﻪدﻩﻛﻪوم
dákawim
دﻩﻧﻮوﰟ
ﺖíدﻩﻧﻮوﺳ
دﻩﻧﻮوﺳ?ﺖ
¦ﻧﻮوﰟ
ﻧﻪدﻩﻧﻮوﰟ
dánûsim
ﻗﺴﻪ دﻩﻛﻪم
ﻗﺴﻪ دﻩ)ﻴﺖ
ﻗﺴﻪ دﻩﰷت
ﻗﺴﻪ ¦ﻛﻪم
ﻗﺴﻪ ﻧﻪدﻩﻛﻪم
PLURAL
dákawî(t)
dákawe(t)
nâkawim
nádakawim
dánûsî(t)
dánûse(t)
nânûsim
nádanûsim
ﻦäدﻩﻛﻪو
دﻩﻛﻪون
دﻩﻛﻪون
ﻦä¦ﻛﻪو
ﻦäﻧﻪدﻩﻛﻪو
dákawîn
دﻩﻧﻮوﺳﲔ
دﻩﻧﻮوﺳﻦ
دﻩﻧﻮوﺳﻦ
¦ﻧﻮوﺳﲔ
ﻧﻪدﻩﻧﻮوﺳﲔ
dánûsîn
ﻦäﻗﺴﻪ دﻩﻛﻪ
ﻗﺴﻪ دﻩﻛﻪن
ﻗﺴﻪ دﻩﻛﻪن
ﻦäﻗﺴﻪ ¦ﻛﻪ
ﻦäﻗﺴﻪ ﻧﻪدﻩﻛﻪ
qsa dákam
qsa dákay(t)
qsa dákâ(t)
qsa nâkam
qsa nádakam
dákawin
dákawin
nâkawîn
nádakawîn
dánûsin
dánûsin
nânûsîn
nádanûsîn
qsa dákayn
qsa dákan
qsa dákan
qsa nâkayn
qsa nádakayn
Present Subjunctive (‘that I fall,’ &c.)
ﻜﻪومœ
ﻜﻪوﯾﺖœ
ﺖIﻜﻪوœ
ﻧﻪﻛﻪوم
bíkawim
ﺑﻨﻮوﰟ
ﺖíﺑﻨﻮوﺳ
ﺑﻨﻮوﺳ?ﺖ
ﻧﻪﻧﻮوﰟ
bínûsim
bíkawî(t)
bíkawe(t)
nákawim
bínûsî(t)
bínûse(t)
nánûsim
78
ﻦäﻜﻪوœ
ﻜﻪونœ
ﻜﻪونœ
ﻦäﻧﻪﻛﻪو
bíkawîn
ﺑﻨﻮوﺳﲔ
ﺑﻨﻮوﺳﻦ
ﺑﻨﻮوﺳﻦ
ﻧﻪﻧﻮوﺳﲔ
bínûsîn
bíkawin
bíkawin
nákawîn
bínûsin
bínûsin
nánûsîn
VERB TENSES AND MOODS
ﻗﺴﻪ )ﺑـ(ﻛﻪم
ﻗﺴﻪ )ﺑـ(ﻛﻪﯾﺖ
ﻗﺴﻪ )ﺑـ(ﰷت
ﻗﺴﻪ ﻧﻪﻛﻪم
ﻦä ﻗﺴﻪ )ﺑـ(ﻛﻪqsa (bí)kayn
ﻜﻪنœ( ﻗﺴﻪ )ﺑـqsa (bí)kan
ﻗﺴﻪ )ﺑـ(ﻛﻪنqsa (bí)kan
ﻦä ﻗﺴﻪ ﻧﻪﻛﻪqsa nákayn
qsa (bí)kam
qsa (bí)kay(t)
qsa (bí)kâ(t)
qsa nákam
Simple Past (‘I fell,’ &c.)
ﮐﻪو•ﻦKAWTIN ‘TO FALL’
ﻛﻪوﰎkáwtim
ﺖí ﻛﻪوﺗkáwtî(t)
ﻛﻪوتkáwt
FOR INTRANSITIVE:
ﻧﻪﻛﻪوﰎ
ﺖíﻧﻪﻛﻪوﺗ
ﻧﻪﻛﻪوت
ﻛﻪوﺗﲔ
ﻛﻪو•ﻦ
ﻛﻪو•ﻦ
ﻧﻪﻛﻪوﺗﲔ
ﻧﻪﻛﻪو•ﻦ
ﻧﻪﻛﻪو•ﻦ
nákawtim
nákawtî(t)
nákawt
FOR TRANSITIVE VERB FOLLOWED BY AGENT AFFIX:
ﻧﻮوﺳ=ﲓ
ﺖíﻧﻮوﺳ=ﻴ
ﻧﻮوﺳ=ﲕ
nûsîm
ﻮوﳻÛﻧﻪﻣ
ﻧﻪﺗﻨﻮوﳻ
ﻧﻪﯾﻨﻮوﳻ
námnûsî
ﻗﺴﻪم )ﺮد
ﻗﺴﻪت )ﺮد
ﻗﺴﻪى )ﺮد
qsám kird
nûsîy
káwtin
káwtin
nákawtîn
nákawtin
nákawtin
ﻧﻮوﺳﲔNÛSÎN ‘TO WRITE’
نa=ﻧﻮوﺳ
ﺎن-íﻧﻮوﺳ
ﻧﻮوﺳ=ﻴﺎن
nûsîy(t)
káwtîn
nûsîmân
nûsîtân
nûsîyân
ﻧﻪﻣﺎﻧﻨﻮوﳻnámânnûsî
nátnûsî
ﻧﻨﻮوﳻé ﻧﻪnátânnûsî
náynûsî
ﻧﻨﻮوﳻã ﻧﻪnáyânnûsî
FOR AGENT AFFIX PRECEDING A TRANSITIVE VERB: ﺮدنñ ﻗﺴﻪQSA-KIRDIN ‘TO SPEAK’
ﻗﺴﻪم ﻧﻪ)ﺮد
ﻗﺴﻪت ﻧﻪ)ﺮد
ﻗﺴﻪى ﻧﻪ)ﺮد
ﻗﺴﻪﻣﺎن )ﺮد
ن )ﺮدéﻗﺴﻪ
ن )ﺮدãﻗﺴﻪ
qsát kird
qsáy kird
ﻗﺴﻪﻣﺎن ﻧﻪ)ﺮد
ن ﻧﻪ)ﺮدéﻗﺴﻪ
ن ﻧﻪ)ﺮدãﻗﺴﻪ
qsam nákird
qsat nákird
qsay nákird
qsámân kird
qsátân kird
qsáyân kird
qsamân nákird
qsatân nákird
qsayân nákird
Past Habitual/Progressive (= Irrealis) (‘I used to fall,’ ‘I would have fallen,’ &c.)
79
SORANI KURDISH
دﻩﻛﻪوﰎ
ﺖíدﻩﻛﻪوﺗ
دﻩﻛﻪوت
ﻧﻪﺋﻪﻛﻪوﰎ
ﻧﻪدﻩﻛﻪوﰎ
ﻮوﳻÛدﻩﻣ
دﻩﺗﻨﻮوﳻ
دﻩﯾﻨﻮوﳻ
ﻧﻪﻣﻪﻧﻮوﳻ
ﻧﻪﻣﺪﻩﻧﻮوﳻ
ﻗﺴﻪم دﻩ)ﺮد
ﻗﺴﻪت دﻩ)ﺮد
ﻗﺴﻪى دﻩ)ﺮد
ﻗﺴﻪم ﻧﻪﺋﻪ)ﺮد
ﻗﺴﻪم ﻧﻪدﻩ)ﺮد
دﻩﻛﻪوﺗﲔ
دﻩﻛﻪو•ﻦ
دﻩﻛﻪو•ﻦ
ﻧﻪﺋﻪﻛﻪوﺗﲔ
ﻧﻪدﻩﻛﻪوﺗﲔ
dákawtim
dákawtî(t)
dákawt
náakawtim (Sul.)
nádakawtim
دﻩﻣﺎﻧﻨﻮوﳻ
ﻧﻨﻮوﳻéدﻩ
ﻧﻨﻮوﳻãدﻩ
ﻧﻪﻣﺎﻧﻪﻧﻮوﳻ
ﻧﻪﻣﺎﻧﺪﻩﻧﻮوﳻ
dámnûsî
dátnûsî
dáynûsî
námanûsî (Sul.)
námdanûsî
qsam dákird
qsat dákird
qsay dákird
qsam náakird (Sul.)
qsam nádakird
ﻗﺴﻪﻣﺎن دﻩ)ﺮد
ن دﻩ)ﺮدéﻗﺴﻪ
ن دﻩ)ﺮدãﻗﺴﻪ
ﻗﺴﻪﻣﺎن ﻧﻪﺋﻪ)ﺮد
ﻗﺴﻪﻣﺎن ﻧﻪدﻩ)ﺮد
dákawtîn
dákawtin
dákawtin
náakawtîn (Sul.)
nádakawtîn
dámânnûsî
dátânnûsî
dáyânnûsî
námânanûsî (Sul.)
námândanûsî
qsamân dákird
qsatân dákird
qsayân dákird
qsamân náakird
qsamân nádakird
Present Perfect (‘I have fallen’, &c.)
ﻛﻪوﺗﻮوم
ﻛﻪوﺗﻮوﯾﺖ
ﻛﻪوﺗﻮوﻩ
ﻧﻪﻛﻪوﺗﻮوم
ﻧﻮوﺳ=ﻴﻮﻣﻪ
ﻧﻮوﺳ=ﻴﻮﺗﻪ
ﻧﻮوﺳ=ﻴﻮﯾﻪﰏ
ﻮوﺳ=ﻴﻮﻩÛﻧﻪﻣ
ﻗﺴﻪم )ﺮدووﻩ
ﻗﺴﻪت )ﺮدووﻩ
ﻗﺴﻪى )ﺮدووﻩ
ﻗﺴﻪم ﻧﻪ)ﺮدووﻩ
ﻦäﻛﻪوﺗﻮو
ﻛﻪوﺗﻮون
ﻛﻪوﺗﻮون
ﻦäﻧﻪﻛﻪوﺗﻮو
kawtûm
kawtûy(t)
kawtûa
nákawtûm
ﻧﻮوﺳ=ﻴﻮﻣﺎﻧﻪ
ﻧﻪéﻧﻮوﺳ=ﻴﻮ
ﻧﻪãﻧﻮوﺳ=ﻴﻮ
ﻧﻪﻣﺎﻧﻨﻮوﺳ=ﻴﻮﻩ
nûsîwima
nûsîwita
nûsîwyatî
námnûsîwa
ﻗﺴﻪﻣﺎن )ﺮدووﻩ
ن )ﺮدووﻩéﻗﺴﻪ
ن )ﺮدووﻩãﻗﺴﻪ
ﻗﺴﻪﻣﺎن ﻧﻪ)ﺮدووﻩ
qsam kirdûa
qsat kirdûa
qsay kirdûa
qsam nákirdûa
80
kawtûyn
kawtûn
kawtûn
nákawtûyn
nûsîwmâna
nûsîwtâna
nûsîwyâna
námânnûsîwa
qsamân kirdûa
qsatân kirdûa
qsayân kirdûa
qsamân nákirdûa
VERB TENSES AND MOODS
Past Perfect (‘I had fallen,’ &c.)
ﻛﻪوﺗﺒﻮوم
ﻛﻪوﺗﺒﻮوﯾﺖ
ﻛﻪوﺗﺒﻮو
ﻧﻪﻛﻪوﺗﺒﻮوم
ﻧﻮوﺳ=ﺒﻮوم
ﻧﻮوﺳ=ﺒﻮوت
ﻮوىJíﻧﻮوﺳ
ﻮوﺳ=ﺒﻮوÛﻧﻪﻣ
ﻗﺴﻪم )ﺮدﺑﻮو
ﻗﺴﻪت )ﺮدﺑﻮو
ﻗﺴﻪى )ﺮدﺑﻮو
ﻗﺴﻪم ﻧﻪ)ﺮدﺑﻮو
kawtibûm
kawtibûy(t)
kawtibû
nákawtibûm
nûsibûm
nûsibût
nûsîbûy
námnûsibû
ﻦäﻛﻪوﺗﺒﻮو
ﻛﻪوﺗﺒﻮون
ﻛﻪوﺗﺒﻮون
ﻦäﻧﻪﻛﻪوﺗﺒﻮو
kawtibûyn
ﻧﻮوﺳ=ﺒﻮوﻣﺎن
نéﻧﻮوﺳ=ﺒﻮو
نãﻧﻮوﺳ=ﺒﻮو
ﻧﻪﻣﺎﻧﻨﻮوﺳ=ﺒﻮو
nûsibûmân
ﻗﺴﻪﻣﺎن )ﺮدﺑﻮو
ان )ﺮدﺑﻮوéﻗﺴﻪ
ن )ﺮدﺑﻮوãﻗﺴﻪ
ﻗﺴﻪﻣﺎن ﻧﻪ)ﺮدﺑﻮو
qsam kirdibû
qsat kirdibû
qsay kirdibû
qsam nákirdibû
kawtibûn
kawtibûn
nákawtibûyn
nûsibûtân
nûsibûyân
námânnûsibû
qsamân kirdibû
qsatân kirdibû
qsayân kirdibû
qsamân nákirdibû
Past Subjunctive (‘that I have fallen,’ &c.)
ﻛﻪوﺗﱬ
ﺖíﻛﻪوﺗﺒ
ﻛﻪوﺗﺒ?ﺖ
ﻧﻪﻛﻪوﺗﱬ
ﱲŸ@ﻧﻮوﺳ=ﻴ
ﺘﺖŸ@ﻧﻮوﺳ=ﻴ
ﱴŸ@ﻧﻮوﺳ=ﻴ
ﺖ:@ﻮوﺳ=ﻴÛﻧﻪﻣ
+ﻗﺴﻪم )ﺮد
+ﻗﺴﻪت )ﺮد
+ﻗﺴﻪى )ﺮد
+ﻗﺴﻪم ﻧﻪ)ﺮد
ﻛﻪوﺗﱭ
ﻛﻪﺗﱭ
ﻛﻪوﺗﱭ
ﻧﻪﻛﻪوﺗﺒﲔ
kawtibim
kawtibî(t)
kawtibe(t)
nákawtibim
nûsîbetim
nûsîbetit
nûsîbetî
námnûsîbet
qsam kirdibe
qsat kirdibe
qsay kirdibe
qsam nákirdibe
kawtibîn
kawtibin
kawtibin
nákawtibîn
نðŸ@ﻧﻮوﺳ=ﻴ
ﺘﺘﺎنŸ@ﻧﻮوﺳ=ﻴ
ﺘﻴﺎنŸ@ﻧﻮوﺳ=ﻴ
ﺖŸ@ﻧﻪﻣﺎﻧﻨﻮوﺳ=ﻴ
nûsîbetmân
+ﻗﺴﻪﻣﺎن )ﺮد
+ن )ﺮدéﻗﺴﻪ
+ن )ﺮدãﻗﺴﻪ
+ﻗﺴﻪﻣﺎن ﻧﻪ)ﺮد
qsamân kirdibe
nûsîbettân
nûsîbetyân
námânnûsîbet
qsatân kirdibe
qsayân kirdibe
qsamân nákirdibe
Past Conditional I (‘had I fallen,’ &c.)
ﻜﻪوﲤﺎﯾﻪœ
ﺎﯾﻪÛíﻜﻪوﺗœ
bíkawtimâya
81
bíkawtînâya
SORANI KURDISH
ﺎﯾﻪ-íﻜﻪوﺗœ
ﯾﻪéﻜﻪوœ
ﻧﻪﻛﻪوﲤﺎﯾﻪ
ﲟﻨﻮوﺳ=ﻴﺎﯾﻪ
ﻮوﺳ=ﻴﺎﯾﻪÛ0ﺑ
ﻮوﺳ=ﻴﺎﯾﻪÛíﺑ
ﻮوﺳ=ﻴﺎﯾﻪÛﻧﻪﻣ
ﻜﺮداﯾﻪœ ﻗﺴﻪم
ﻜﺮداﯾﻪœ ﻗﺴﻪت
ﻜﺮداﯾﻪœ ﻗﺴﻪى
ﻗﺴﻪم ﻧﻪ)ﺮداﯾﻪ
ﻜﻪوﺗﻨﺎﯾﻪœ
ﻜﻪوﺗﻨﺎﯾﻪœ
ﺎﯾﻪÛíﻧﻪﻛﻪوﺗ
bíkawtîtâya
bíkawtâya
nákawtimâya
ﲟﺎﻧﻨﻮوﺳ=ﻴﺎﯾﻪ
ﺑﺘﺎﻧﻨﻮوﺳ=ﻴﺎﯾﻪ
ﺑﻴﺎﻧﻨﻮوﺳ=ﻴﺎﯾﻪ
ﻧﻪﻣﺎﻧﻨﻮوﺳ=ﻴﺎﯾﻪ
bímnûsîâya
bítnûsîâya
bíynûsîâya
námnûsîâya
ﻜﺮداﯾﻪœ ﻗﺴﻪﻣﺎن
ﻜﺮداﯾﻪœ نéﻗﺴﻪ
ﻜﺮداﯾﻪœ نãﻗﺴﻪ
ﻗﺴﻪﻣﺎن ﻧﻪ)ﺮداﯾﻪ
qsam bíkirdâya
qsat bíkirdâya
qsay bíkirdâya
qsam nákirdâya
bíkawtinâya
bíkawtinâya
nákawtînâya
bímânnûsîâya
bítânnûsîâya
bíyânnûsîâya
námânnûsîâya
qsamân bíkirdâya
qsatân bíkirdâya
qsayân bíkirdâya
qsamân nákirdâya
Past Conditional II (‘were I to have fallen,’ &c.)
ﻜﻪوﺗﺒﺎمœ
ﻜﻪوﺗﺒﺎىœ
ﻜﻪوﺗﺒﺎœ
ﻧﻪﻛﻪوﺗﺒﺎم
ﺎJíﲟﻨﻮوﺳ
ﺎJíﻮوﺳÛ0ﺑ
ﺎJíﻮوﺳÛíﺑ
ﺎJíﻮوﺳÛﻧﻪﻣ
]ﻜﺮدœ ﻗﺴﻪم
]ﻜﺮدœ ﻗﺴﻪت
]ﻜﺮدœ ﻗﺴﻪى
]ﻗﺴﻪم ﻧﻪ)ﺮد
bíkawtibâm
bíkawtibây
bíkawtibâ
nákawtibâm
bímnûsîbâ
bítnûsîbâ
bíynûsîbâ
námnûsîbâ
ﻦäﻜﻪوﺗﺒﺎœ
ﻜﻪوﺗﺒﺎنœ
ﻜﻪوﺗﺒﺎنœ
ﻦäﻧﻪﻛﻪوﺗﺒﺎ
bíkawtibâyn
ﺎJíﲟﺎﻧﻨﻮوﺳ
ﺎJíﺑﺘﺎﻧﻨﻮوﺳ
ﺎJíﺑﻴﺎﻧﻨﻮوﺳ
ﺎJíﻧﻪﻣﺎﻧﻨﻮوﺳ
bímânnûsîbâ
]ﻜﺮدœ ﻗﺴﻪﻣﺎن
]ﻜﺮدœ نéﻗﺴﻪ
]ﻜﺮدœ نãﻗﺴﻪ
]ﻗﺴﻪﻣﺎن ﻧﻪ)ﺮد
qsam bíkirdibâ
qsat bíkirdibâ
qsay bíkirdibâ
qsam nákirdibâ
bíkawtibân
bíkawtibân
nákawtibâyn
bítânnûsîbâ
bíyânnûsîbâ
námânnûsîbâ
qsamân bíkirdibâ
qsatân bíkirdibâ
qsayân bíkirdibâ
qsamân nákirdibâ
PASSIVE TENSES AND MOODS
Present Passive (‘I am seen’)
ﻢIدﻩﺑﻴﲊ
ﺖíIدﻩﺑﻴﲊ
ﲔIدﻩﺑﻴﲊ
ﻦCدﻩﺑﻴﲊ
dabînrem
dabînrey(t)
82
dabînreyn
dabînren
VERB TENSES AND MOODS
ﺖIدﻩﺑﻴﲊ
ﻢI¦ﺑﻴﲊ
ﻢIﻧﻪدﻩﺑﻴﲊ
dabînre(t)
nâbînrem
nádabînrem
ﻦCدﻩﺑﻴﲊ
ﲔI¦ﺑﻴﲊ
ﲔIﻧﻪدﻩﺑﻴﲊ
dabînren
ﲔIﲊíﺑﺒ
ﻦCﲊíﺑﺒ
ﻦCﲊíﺑﺒ
ﲔIﻧﻪﺑﻴﲊ
bíbînreyn
ﻦäﺑﻴﲊا
ﺑﻴﲊان
ﺑﻴﲊان
ﻦäﻧﻪﺑﻴﲊا
bînrâyn
ﻦäﺑﻴﲊاو
ﺑﻴﲊاون
ﺑﻴﲊاون
ﻦäﻧﻪﺑﻴﲊاو
bînrâwîn
ﻦäﺑﻴﲊاﺑﻮو
ﺑﻴﲊاﺑﻮون
ﺑﻴﲊاﺑﻮون
ﻦäﻧﻪﺑﻴﲊاﺑﻮو
bînrâbûyn
nâbînreyn
nádabînreyn
Present Subjunctive Passive (‘that I be seen’)
ﻢIﲊíﺑﺒ
ﺖíIﲊíﺑﺒ
ﺖIﲊíﺑﺒ
ﻢIﻧﻪﺑﻴﲊ
bíbînrem
bíbînrey(t)
bíbînre(t)
nábînrem
bíbînren
bíbînren
nábînreyn
Past Passive (‘I was seen’)
ﺑﻴﲊام
ﺑﻴﲊاﯾﺖ
ﺑﻴﲊا
ﻧﻪﺑﻴﲊام
bînrâm
bînrây(t)
bînrâ
nábînrâm
bînrân
bînrân
nábînrâyn
Present Perfect Passive (‘I have been seen’)
ﺑﻴﲊاوم
ﺑﻴﲊاوﯾﺖ
ﺑﻴﲊاوﻩ
ﻧﻪﺑﻴﲊاوم
bînrâwim
bînrâwî(t)
bînrâwa
nábînrâwim
bînrâwin
bînrâwin
nábînrâwîn
Past Perfect Passive (‘I had been seen’)
ﺑﻴﲊاﺑﻮوم
ﺑﻴﲊاﺑﻮوﯾﺖ
ﺑﻴﲊاﺑﻮو
ﻧﻪﺑﻴﲊاﺑﻮوم
bînrâbûm
bînrâbûy(t)
bînrâbû
nábînrâbûm
bînrâbûn
bînrâbûn
nábînrâbûyn
Past Subjunctive Passive (‘that I have been seen’)
ﺑﻴﲊاﰈ
ﺖíﺑﻴﲊاﺑ
ﺑﻴﲊاﺑﲔ
ﻦœﺑﻴﲊا
bînrâbim
bînrâbî(t)
83
bînrâbîn
bînrâbin
SORANI KURDISH
ﺖíﺑﻴﲊاﺑ
ﻧﻪﺑﻴﲊاﰈ
ﻦœﺑﻴﲊا
ﻧﻪﺑﻴﲊاﺑﲔ
bînrâbe(t)
nábînrâbim
bînrâbin
nábînrâbîn
Past Conditional Passive (‘had I been seen’)
ﲊاﻣﺎﯾﻪíﺑﺒ
ﲊاﯾﺘﺎﯾﻪíﺑﺒ
ﯾﻪéﲊاíﺑﺒ
ﻧﻪﺑﻴﲊاﻣﺎﯾﻪ
ﲊاﯾﻨﺎﯾﻪíﺑﺒ
ﲊا¦ﯾﻪíﺑﺒ
ﲊا¦ﯾﻪíﺑﺒ
ﻧﻪﺑﻴﲊاﯾﻨﺎﯾﻪ
bibînrâmâya
bibînrâytâya
bibînrâtâya
nábînrâmâya
84
bibînrâynâya
bibînrânâya
bibînrânâya
nábînrâynâya
Synopsis of Tenses and Moods
infinitive
past
past habitual
pres. perf.
past perf.
present
pres. subj.
past subj.
INTRANSITIVE
TRANSITIVE
PASSIVE
ﭼﻮون
ﺮدنñ ﮓï]
ﺮانñ ﮓï]
chûn
bâng kirdin
bâng krân
to go
to invite
to be invited
ﭼﻮوم
ﺮدñ ﮕﻢï]
ﺮامñ ﮓï]
chûm
bângim kird
bâng krâm
I went
I invited him/her1
I was invited
دﻩﭼﻮوم
ﺮدñﮕﻢ دﻩï]
ﺮامñﮓ دﻩï]
dachûm
bângim dakird
bâng dakrâm
I used to go
I used to invite him
I used to be invited
ﭼﻮوم
ﺮدووﻩñ ﮕﻢï]
ﺮاومñ ﮓï]
chûwim
bângim kirdûa
bâng krâwim
I have gone
I have invited him
I have been invited
ﭼﻮوﺑﻮوم
ﺮدﺑﻮوñ ﮕﻢï]
ﺮاﺑﻮومñ ﮓï]
chûbûm
bângim kirdibû
bâng krâbûm
I had gone
I had invited him
I had been invited
6دﻩ
ﮓ دﻩﮐﻪمï]
ﻢIﺮñﮓ دﻩï]
(d)achim
bâng (d)akam
bâng (d)akrem
I(‘ll) go
I(‘ll) invite
I am (will be) invited
ﻢ9
ﮑﻪمœ ﮓï]
ﻢIﮑﺮœ ﮓï]
bichim
bâng bikam
bâng bikrem
that I go
that I invite
that I be invited
ﭼﻮوﰈ
ﺮدﺑ?ﺖñ ﮕﻢï]
ﺮاﰈñ ﮓï]
chûbim
bângim kirdibe(t)
bâng krâbim
that I have
that I have invited
that I have been invited
gone
him
1
Because of the ergative nature of the past tenses, a 3rd-person singular object is
built into the verb.
85
SORANI KURDISH
past cond. I
past cond. II
irrealis (=
past
habitual)
ﻮوﻣﺎﯾﻪ9
ﮑﺮداﯾﻪœ ﮕﻢï]
ﮑﺮاﻣﺎﯾﻪœ ﮓï]
bichûmâya
bângim bikirdâya
bâng bikrâmâya
)ﺑـ(ﭼﻮو]م
]ﺮدñ(ﮕﻢ )ﺑـï]
ﺮا]مñ(ﮓ )ﺑـï]
(bi)chûbâm
bângim (bi)kirdibâ
bâng (bí)krâbâm
had I gone
had I invited him
had I been invited
دﻩﭼﻮوم
ﺮدñﮕﻢ دﻩï]
ﺮامñﮓ دﻩï]
(d)achûm
bângim (d)akird
bâng (d)akrâm
I would have
I would have invited
I would have been invited
gone
him
Conditional Sentence Types
present/future possible (present subjunctive or simple past indicative protasis, indicative apodosis)
.ﺖSÛíﻧﺒã دﻩ،(ﺖ )ﭼﻮوS9 ﺋﻪﮔﻪرAgar biche(t) (or chû),
If he goes, he’ll see them.
dayânbîne(t).
،ﻴﺘﻪ )ﭼﻮوﯾﺘﻪ( )ﻮردﺳ=ﺘﺎن9 ﺋﻪﮔﻪر
.ﻓ?ﺮى )ﻮردى دﻩﰉ
Agar bíchîtà (or chûytà)
If you go to Kurdistan,
Kurdistân, fer i kurdî
you’ll learn Kurdish.
dabî.
past possible (past subjunctive protasis, indicative apodosis)
. ¦ﯾﻪن،>وێ وﻩﻓﺮ ]رﯾX ﺋﻪﮔﻪرAgar l’awe wafr bârîbe,
nâyen.
¦زاﱎ ﻛﻪى ﭼﻮوﻩ،+ﺋﻪﮔﻪر ﭼﻮو
.دﻩرێ
ﻓ?ﺮى+ دﻩ،ﻪ )ﻮردﺳ=ﺘﺎن-íﺋﻪﮔﻪر ﭼﻮوﺑ
.)ﻮردى ﺑﱮ
If it has snowed there, they
won’t be coming.
Agar chûbe, nâzânim kay
chûà darè.
If he has gone, I don’t
know when he went out.
Agar chûbîtà Kurdistân,
dabe fer i kurdî bibî.
If you have gone to Kurdistan, you must have
learned Kurdish.
¦ﺗﻮاﱏ،ﻪ )ﻮردﺳ=ﺘﺎن-íﺋﻪﮔﻪر ﻧﻪﭼﻮوﺑ
.ﻓ?ﺮى )ﻮردى ﺑﱮ
Agar náchûbîtà Kurdistân, If you haven’t gone to
nâtwânî fer i kurdî bibî.
Kurdistan, you can’t have
learned Kurdish.
contrafactual (past conditional protasis, past habitual apodosis)
86
SYNOPSIS OF TENSES AND MOODS
.ﻮواﯾﻪ دﻩﯾﺪﯾﱳ9 ﺋﻪﮔﻪرAgar bichûâya, daydîtin.
If he had gone, he would
have seen them./ If he
were to go, he would see
them.
ﻓ?ﺮى،ﻮوﯾﺘﺎﯾﻪ )ﻮردﺳ=ﺘﺎن9 ﺋﻪﮔﻪر
.)ﻮردى دﻩﺑﻮوى
Agar bíchûytâya Kurdis-
If you had gone to Kurd-
tân, fer i kurdî dabûy.
istan, you would have
learned Kurdish.
ﻓ?ﺮى،ﺋﻪﮔﻪر ﻧﻪﭼﻮوﯾﺘﺎﯾﻪ )ﻮردﺳ=ﺘﺎن
.)ﻮردى ﻧﻪدﻩﺑﻮوى
Agar náchûytâya Kurdistân, fer i kurdî nádabûy.
If you hadn’t gone to
Kurdistan, you wouldn’t
have learned Kurdish.
87
Conversion Table for the Sorani and Kurmanji Alphabets
Recently there have been attempts, particularly on the internet and on the
part of Kurds influenced by speakers of Kurmanji Kurdish, to write Sorani
in the Latin-based Kurmanji alphabet. The conversion is as follows:
Sorani
a
â
b
ch
d
e
f
g
gh
h
i
î
j
k
kh
l
ł
m
n
o
p
q
r
ř
s
sh
t
u
û
v
Sorani Arabic
ه
ا
ب
چ
د
ێ
ف
گ
غ
ه،ح
_
ی
ج
ک
خ
ل
ڵ
م
ن
ۆ
پ
ق
ر
ڕ
س
ش
ت
و
وو
ڤ
88
Kurmanji
e
a
b
ç
d
ê
f
g
x
h
i
î
c
k
x
l
ll
m
n
o
p
q
r
rr
s
ş
t
u
û
v
CONVERSION TABLE FROM SORANI TO KURMANJI
w
y
z
zh
‘
و
ی
ز
ژ
ع
w
y
z
j
(not indicated)
In writing Sorani in the Kurmanji alphabet, a one-to-one correspondence is
observed. The i of the izâfa after consonants is written as î joined directly to
the preceding word, but after vowels it is usually written as y, as in ray giştî
for رای ﮔــﺸ =ــــﱴrâ i gishtî ‘public opinion’ and zarawey zanistî for زاراوﻩی زا_ــﺴ =ــــﱴ
zârâwa i zânistî ‘scientific language.’ An example of such transcribed text
is given below:
Ber le Sedam Husên hîç berpirsêkî Êraqî newêrawe îmza le ser rêkkewtinêk bikat ke otonomî bidate kurd, ewîş le 11-î adarî 1970 rêkkewtinname benawbangekey adarî legell Mela Mistefa Barzanî mor kird, tefsîrî
ciyaciya bo karekey (cêgirî berrêz) dekira. Hendê deyanut be rastî deyewê
ew birîne qûlley cestey Êraq tîmar bikat, hendêkî dîkeş deyanut deyewê
piştgîrî hêzî serbazîy bo xoy misoger bikat û bîxate jêr rikêfî xoyewe,
diway ewey le biwarekanî emnî û rageyandin û hizbî da ew pallpiştiyey
misoger kirdibû.1
In Arabic script the passage is as follows:
ـﲀت ﮐـﻪœ ـﮏŸ;ﮑﮑـﻪوــﺗC
ﺳـﻪر ر ـ ـX ـﻤـﺰا:ـﺮاوﻩ ـﺋCﮑـﯽ ™?ــﺮاﰵ ﻧـﻪوS=ﺳ
ـﺮ ــ ـ/ ﺳـﻪدام ﺣـﻮﺳ?ــﻦ ـﻫﻴـﭻ ﺑـﻪرX ﺑـﻪر
ﮔـﻪڵ ﻣـﻪﻻX ﮕـﻪﮐـﻪی ﺋـﺎداریïـــﺎﻣـﻪ ﺑـﻪ¦و] ـÛ;ﮑﮑـﻪوﺗC
ر ـ ـ١٩٧٠ ی ﺋـﺎداری١١ X ـﺶö ﺋـﻪو،ـﻮردñ ﺋـﯚﺗـﯚﻧـﯚﻣـﯽ ﺑـﺪاﺗـﻪ
ﻧـﻮت ﺑـﻪã ﻫـﻪﻧـﺪێ دﻩ.ـﺮاñـﺰ( دﻩCﮕـﺮی ﺑـﻪڕŸﺟ
ــﺎ ﺑـﯚ ﰷرﻩﮐـﻪی ) ــ:ــﺎﺟ: ﺗـﻪ ـﻓﺴـﲑی ﺟ،ـﺮدñ ﻣـﺴـ=ﺘــﻪﻓـﺎ ]رزاﱏ ﻣـﯚر
ﻧـﻮت دﻩﯾـﻪوێãﮑـﻪش دﻩäﮑـﯽ د ـC ﻫـﻪﻧـﺪ ـ،ـﲀتœ رaـﻪﺳـ=ﺘــﻪی ™?ــﺮاق ﺗـV ـﻪیkـﺮﯾﻨــﻪ ﻗـﻮوœ راﺳ=ـﱴ دﻩﯾـﻪوێ ﺋـﻪو
X دوای ﺋـﻪوﻩی،ﻔـــﯽ ﺧـﯚﯾـﻪوﻩSـﺮ رﮐCـﺎﺗـﻪ ژfـﲀت و ــﺑﻴœ ﺸ=ﺘﮕـﲑی ﻫ?ــﺰی ﺳـﻪر]زﱙ ﺑـﯚ ﺧـﯚی ـﻣﺴـﯚﮔـﻪرe
ـ ـــ
.ﺮدﺑﻮوñ ﺸ=ﱴﯾﻪی ﻣﺴﯚﮔﻪرàkﻧﺪن و ﺣﺰﰉدا ﺋﻪو ﭘﺎãﺑﻮارﻩﰷﱏ ﺋﻪﻣﲎ و ر÷ﮔﻪ
An example of a slightly different form of transcription sometimes used on
the internet is as follows:
Ke dellín zimaní Kurdí, mebest ew zimaneye ke ésta Kurd qisey pédeken.
Gelé zimanwan u rojh hellatnasí henderí (ferengí) degell zimaní Kurdí
xerék búne, zurbey ew zanayaney ke be shéweyékí gishtí ya taybetí le
zimaní Kurdí duwawin gutúyane ke em zimane le biney zimanekaní Hínd
1
Taken from the internet at www.kerkuk-kurdistan.com/hevpeyvinek.asp?ser=1&
cep=4&nnimre=281).
89
SORANI KURDISH
u Urupayí u binemalley Hínd u Éraní u le xézane zimaní Éraní ye u degell
zimaní Farsí xizmayetí nizíkí heye. Ja zimaní Kurdí ke ewe rewishtí con
peyda buwe? Ashkiraye zimaní hemú willaté zimaní daníshtiwaní willateke debé, eger rodawekaní méjhúyí all u gorrékí neteweyíyan le willatekeda pék nehénabé ewa zimanekeysh her zimaní daníshtiwekaní koní
willatekeye u pécewaney emesh pécewane debé. Ja bizanín babeteke bo
zimaní Kurdí cone?1
In Arabic script, this text is as follows:
ﮐـﻪ دﻩkـﲔ زﻣـﺎﱏ ñـﻮردی ،ﻣـﻪﺑـﻪﺳـﺖ ﺋـﻪو زﻣـﺎﻧـﻪﯾـﻪ ﮐـﻪ ﺋ?ــﺴـ=ﺘــﺎ ñـﻮرد ـﻗﺴـﻪی ﭘSــﺪﻩﮐـﻪن .ﮔـﻪﻟـ ßزﻣـﺎﻧـﻮان و رۆژﻫـﻪ
îﺗﻨــﺎﳻ ﻫـﻪﻧـﺪﻩری )ﻓـﻪرﻩ ـïﮕـﯽ( دﻩﮔـﻪڵ زﻣـﺎﱏ ñـﻮردی uـﻪرCـﮏ ﺑـﻮوﻧـﻪ ،زورﺑـﻪی ﺋـﻪو زا¦ãﻧـﻪی ﮐـﻪ ﺑـﻪ ﺷـ=Sــﻮﻩ
ﯾـﻪﰽ ﮔـﺸ=ـﱴ é ãﯾﺒــﻪﰏ Xزﻣـﺎﱏ ñـﻮردی دواون ﮔـﻮﺗـﻮوãﻧـﻪ ﮐـﻪ ﺋـﻪم زﻣـﺎﻧـﻪ Xﺑﻨــﻪی زﻣـﺎﻧـﻪﰷﱏ ﻫﻨــﺪوﺋـﻮروﭘـﺎﱙ و
ﺑﻨــﻪﻣـﺎkـﻪی ﻫﻨــﺪوﺋ?ــﺮاﱏ و ?u Xــﺰاﻧـﻪ زﻣـﺎﱏ ﺋ?ــﺮاﱏﯾـﻪ و دﻩﮔـﻪڵ زﻣـﺎن ﻓـﺎرﳻ ﺧـﺰﻣـﺎﯾـﻪﰏ ïـﺰـäﮑـﯽ ﻫـﻪﯾـﻪV .ـﺎ زﻣـﺎﱏ
ñـﻮردی ﮐـﻪ ﺋـﻪوﻩ رﻩوﺷ=ــﱴ ﭼـﯚن ﭘـﻪﯾـﺪا ﺑـﻮوﻩ؟ ﺋـﺎ ـﺷﮑـﺮاﯾـﻪ زﻣـﺎﱏ ﻫـﻪﻣـﻮو و ,îزﻣـﺎﱏ داﻧــíﺸ=ﺘـــﻮاﱏ وîﺗـﻪﮐـﻪ
دﻩ ،+ﺋـﻪﮔـﻪر رۆداوﻩﰷﱏ ﻣ?ــﮋووﱙ ﺋـﺎkـﻮﮔـﯚڕ ـCﮑـﯽ ﻧـﻪﺗـﻪوﻩﱙãن Xوîﺗـﻪﮐـﻪدا ﭘSــﮏ ﻧـﻪﻫSﻨـــﺎ +ﺋـﻪوا زﻣـﺎﻧـﻪﮐـﻪöـﺶ
ﻫـﻪر زﻣـﺎﱏ داﻧــíﺸ=ﺘـــﻮﻩﰷﱏ ﮐـﯚﱏ وîﺗـﻪﮐـﻪﯾـﻪ و ــﭘySـﻪواﻧـﻪی ﺋـﻪﻣـﻪش ــﭘySـﻪواﻧـﻪ دﻩV .+ـﺎ œـﺰاﻧـﲔ ]ﺑـﻪﺗـﻪﮐـﻪ ﺑـﯚ
زﻣﺎﱏ ñﻮردی ﭼﯚﻧﻪ؟
1
Taken from the website www.kurdishacademy.org/ku/history/history.html.
90
ﺑﻮ ﺧﻮﯾﻨﺪن
91
SORANI KURDISH
) (١ﭘﻪﻧﺪى ﭘ.ﺸ,ﻴ*)ﺎن
/ـﲑۆﰽ ﺋ ـﻪم ﭘ ـﻪﻧ ـﺪﻩﻣ ـﺎن 8ﻻﯾ ـﻪن ﺳ ـﻪﯾ ـﺪ < ـﻪﻻﱃ > ـﺎدﻩﱉ 8ﺳ ـﻪﻗ ـﺰﻩوﻩ ﺑ ـﻪ دﻩﺳ ـﺖ
ﮔﻪIﺸ,ﺘﻮوﻩ:
»رIﴙ ﺗﻪﻣﺎﺣﲀر ﺑﻪ ﻫﻴﲎ ﻣﻮﻓﻠRﺲ«
ﭘﻪﻧﺪﻩﻛﻪ ﻟ.ﺮﻩوﻩ ﺳﻪر/ﺎوﻩ دﻩﮔﺮێ ﻛﻪ دﻩ.Zﻦ:
ﰷ\ـﺮاﯾـﻪﰽ راوﭼـﻰ `ﳒـﻰﯾـﻪﰽ دﻩ bﺑـﻪ cوى »ﻣـﻮﻓـﻠـRـﺲ« .رۆژeـﻚ دﻩﭼـgـﺘـﻪ راو.
`ﳒـﻰﯾـﻪﻛـﻪى زۆر ـ>.ـﺮا دﻩ .bﻫـﻪر 8ﺷـﺎ ـﺧgـﻚ دوو ﻛـﻪرو ـkﺸـﻚ راو دﻩﰷ ،ﺑـﻪmم ﺑـﻪوﻩ
رازى .bcدﻩﭼgﺘـــﻪ ﺷـﺎﺧgــﲃ oـﺮ8 .وkـﺶ دوو ﻛـﻪرو ـkﺸـﻚ دﻩqـﻮوژێ .ﺗـﻪﻣـﺎح دﻩ ـtﮕـﺮێ و
ﻫـﻪر دﻩس ﻫـﻪZﻨــwﮔـﺮێ و دﻩﭼgﺘـــﻪ ﺷـﺎﺧgــﲃ oـﺮ .ﻛـﻪرو ـkﺸـﻚ ﻫـﻪZـﺪﻩﺳـ,ﺘ.ـــ xو `ژىﯾـﻪﻛـﻪى
ﺗـ.ـyـﻪر دﻩدا .ﻛـﻪروkـﺸـﻚ ﻛـﻪ ﺑـﻪ ﺳـﻪر ﻫـﻪرﻩﺳـﻪ ﺑـﻪﻓـﺮzـﲀ ﺗـ{ـﺪﻩﭘـﻪڕى` ،ژى ﺑـﻪ دواى
kﺸﻜـﻪﻛـﻪدا و ﰷ\ـﺮاى راوﭼـﻰ ﺑـﻪ دواى ﻫـﻪردوو ـqﻴـﺎﻧـﺪا` .ژىﯾـﻪﻛـﻪ 8ﺳـﻪر ـﳇﻴـ•
ﻛـﻪرو ـ ـ
kﺸﻜـﻪ دﻩﮔـﺮێ .ﰷ\ـﺮاى راو ـR/ـﺶ دﻩﮔـﺎﺗـﻪ ﺳـﻪر€ن ،ﺑـﻪmم ـﳇﻴـ• ﺑـﻪﻓـﺮ
ﺑـﻪﻓـﺮﻩﻛـﻪ ﻛـﻪرو ـ ـ
ﺷ,ﻴـﻮzـﲃ ﺧـﻮار ـﻛ{ـﻮﻩﻛـﻪ€ن
ﻫـﻪرﻩس دﻩﰷ و ﻫـﻪﻣـﻮو€ن ـﺗ{ـﻚ دﻩ ـ ـﭘ{ﭽـ‚ و 8ﻛـﻪﻧـﺪﻩmن و ــ
ﺗﻮﻧﺪ دﻩﰷ و 8ژzﺮ ﺑﻪﻓﺮدا رﻩق ﻫﻪZﺪzﻦ.
١
٢
٣
8 ١ژﻣﺎراﱏ ﺟﯚراوﺟﯚرى ﮔﯚﭬﺎرى »ﴎوﻩ«وﻩ وﻩرﮔﲑاوﻩ.
ــــﺎن ; pand advice, proverbﭘـﻪﻧـﺪ
8ﻻﯾـﻪن ;/ chîrok storyـﲑۆک ; peshînîân ancestorsﭘ.ــﺸـ,ﻴ*)
sayid sayyid, title borne by lineal descendants of the Prophetﺳـــــﻪﯾـــــﺪ ;la lâyan from
< Jalâl i Khâdamî in accordance with Persian usage, in Iranـﻪﻻﱃ >ـﺎدﻩﻣـﯽ ;Muhammad
;)an izâfa vowel falls between the given name (Jalâl) and the family name (Khâdamî
ba dast gayshtinﺑــﻪ دﻩﺳــﺖ ﮔــﻪIــﺸــﱳ ; Saqiz Saqqez, a town in Iranian Kurdistanﺳــﻪﻗــﺰ
rîshر Iـﺶ ;)(ga-) to be received (the -mân enclitic on am pandámân goes with ba dast
’ lﻟـ.ـﺮﻩوﻩ…ﮐـﻪ ; muflîs bankruptﻣـﻮﻓـﻠـRـﺲ ; hîn buttﻫـﲔ ; tamâḥkâr greedyﺗـﻪﻣـﺎﺣـﲀر ;beard
ﮔــﯚoــﻦ )Zــ‚( ; sarchâwa girtin to originateﺳــﻪر/ــﺎوﻩ ﮔــﺮoــﻦ ;erawa…ka from the fact that
gotin (łe-) to say.
٣
` tânjî hound (for the spelling of tânjîèkî,ﳒـﯽ ; râwchî hunterراوﭼـﯽ ; kâbrâ manﰷ\ـﺮا
see §41; the sentence is a topic–comment construction: “a hunter, he has a hunting
chûnà râw toﭼـﻮوﻧـﻪ راو ; rozh dayرۆژ ; ba nâw i by the name ofﺑـﻪ cوی ;)”…dog named
shâkh mounﺷـﺎخ ;) har right, just (often not translatedﻫـﻪر ;.> kherâ fastــﺮا ;go huntingﮐـﻪروkـﺸـﮏ ; dû twoدوو ;)8 l’ awe’sh there too (for the enclitic -(î)sh see §11وkـﺶ ;tain
ـ{ ـﮑ ـﯽ ; râzî la satisfied withرازی râw-kirdin to hunt down; 8راو ‘ ـﺮدن ;karweshik rabbit
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92
READINGS
. ﺗـﻪﻣـﺎﺷـﺎ دﻩﻛـﻪن.ـــﻪوﻩ
•ﻨRﻧﺒــ€ﻨــﻪ ﺑـﯚ راو دﻩeﭘـﺎش ﻣـﺎوﻩﯾـﻪك راوﭼـﻰ ﻛـﻪ دﻩﭼ•ــﻪ ﺋـﻪو ﺷـﻮ
ـﴙ ﺑـﻪ ﻗـﻮوﱏ `ﳒـﻰﯾـﻪﻛـﻪوﻩ ﻧـﻮوﺳـﺎوﻩI ﻻوﻩﯾـﻪ و ر8 ﺸـﲃk•ـــﺞ ﻛـﻪرو ـ. ﭘ.ﺋـﻪوﻩ ﻓـﻼن راوﭼـﻰﯾـﻪ
ـﴙI »ر:ـﻦ.ـZو ﺳـﻪر دﻩﻣـﻪوﻩ ﺋـﻪم ﭘـﻪﻧـﺪﻩ ™و ﺑـﻮوﻩ ﻛـﻪ دﻩ8 ﻫـﻪر.ﺗـﻮوﻩmو رﻩق ﻫـﻪ
«.ﺲRﺗﻪﻣﺎﺣﲀر ﺑﻪ ﻫﻴﲎ ﻣﻮﻓﻠ
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ﭘ ـﲑا› ـﺸ ـﺎرﻩوﻩ ﺑ ـﻪ دﻩﺳ ـﺖ8 ﻻﯾ ـﻪن ﰷك ﺋ ـﻪﲪ ـﻪد ﭘ ـﺎداش8 ـﲑۆﰽ ﺋ ـﻪم ﭘ ـﻪﻧ ـﺪﻩﻣ ـﺎن/
:ﺘﻮوﻩ,ﺸIﮔﻪ
« ﺑﯚ ﺧﯚى ﺗ{ﺪﻩﻛﻪوێœﻜﻪZﻜ‚ ﻫﻪZﺎﻟ‚ ﺑﯚ >ﻪ/ »ﻫﻪرﻛﻪس
ـﺶ ﻟـﲑﻩﻛـﻪ دﻩدا ﺑـﻪI ﺋـﻪو.• ﻫـﻪﻣـﻮو رۆژێ ﻟـﲑﻩﯾـﻪﰽ دﻩدا.bـﲃ دﻩzﭘـﺎﺷـﺎﯾـﻪك ﻧـﯚﻛـﻪر
. ﻧـﯚﻛـﻪرﻩﻛـﻪ \ـﲀ8 ــــﻚ
{Ÿgﺘــﻪ ﺑـﲑى ﺋـﻪوﻩ ﻓeـﺮﻩ دﻩﻛـﻪوzـﻮq ـﻚe رۆژ.ﻜـﻪرžـﺮى ﺳـﻮا ـzـﻮq ﰷ\ـﺮاﯾـﻪﰽ
،¡ــ,ـﺪﻩﺳZ ﻫـﻪ. ﻛـﻪ ﰷ\ـﺮاى ﻧـﯚﻛـﻪر ﺋـﻪم ﺷـﻪوﻩ ﺳـﲑ و ﻣـﺎﺳـﺖ دﻩﺧـﻮاœﻜـﻪوت دﻩزاZﺑـﻪ ﻫـﻪ ـ
ﻫـﻪﻣـﻮو8 .! ـﻧ ﯚﻛـﻪرﻩﻛـﻪت زۆر >ـﻪراﭘـﻪb »ﭘـﺎﺷـﺎم ﺧـﯚش:‚ـZﺘـﻪ ﻻى ﭘـﺎﺷـﺎ و دﻩgﭼ
دﻩ ـ ـ
ـﺮo -èk i tir another; ( ‘ـﻮوژان )‘ـﻮوژێkûzhân (kûzhe-) to kill; ﺗـﻪﻣـﺎحtamâḥ greed; ـﻦoﺗـﻪﻣـﺎح ﮔـﺮ
tamâḥ-girtin for greed to grab s.o., to become greedy; ـﻦo ـﮕ ـﺮZ دﻩس ﻫ ـﻪdas hał-girtin to
cease; ـــﺎﻧـﺪن
ﺘ,ﺴZ ﻫـﻪ ـhał-sitândin to flush (animals) out of their holes (for the conjugation
of all verbs ending in -ândin, see §36); ـﻪر دانyـ. ﺗـtebar-dân (da-) to set (a dog) on (for
the conjugation of dân, see §17); ﮐـــﻪka when; ﻫـــﻪرﻩﺳـــﻪ ﺑـــﻪﻓـــﺮharas a bafr snowdrift;
ﻫـﻪردووـ‘ﻴـﺎنhardûkyân both of them; ـﻦ ﺑـﻪ ﺳـﻪر …)د(اt • ﭘـﻪرte-pařîn ba sar…(d)â to leap
on top of; ﺑـﻪ دوای …داba dwâ i…dâ after, on the heels on; ﳇﻴـ• ﺑـﻪﻓـﺮ
ـkilîl a bafr snowbank; ـــﻪ ﺳـﻪر
•£ﺸI ﮔـﻪ ـgayshtinà sar to arrive at; ﻫـﻪرﻩس ‘ـﺮدنharas-kirdin to collapse in an
avalanche; ن€ ﻫـﻪﻣـﻮوhamûyân all of them; ـﺎن¤{ﭘ
ـﺗ{ـﮏ ـ ـtek-pechân to envelope; نmﮐـﻪﻧـﺪﻩ
kandałân edge of a ravine; ﻴـﻮ,ﺷ
ــshîw narrow valley; ﺧـﻮارkhwâr low-lying, deep; ـﮐ{ـﻮ
kew mountain; ﺗـﻮﻧـﺪ ‘ـﺮدنtund-kirdin to tumble (trs.); ـﺮ …داz ژ8 la zher…dâ under, beneath; ـــﻦoـــﻬـــﺎZ رﻩق ﻫـــﻪraq hał-hâtin to be frozen solid (for the present conjugation of
hâtin, see §17).
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ﭘـﺎشpâsh after; ﻣـﺎوﻩmâwa period of time; ـﻦz ﺷـﻮshwen place; (•ـﻪوﻩ )ﺑـﲔ£ د ـ ـﯾdîtinawa
(bîn-) to spot (for the conjugation of verbs ending in -awa, see §18); ﺗـﻪﻣـﺎﺷـﺎ ‘ـﺮدنtamâshâ-kirdin to look; ﻓـــــﻼنfilân so-and-so; ﻻوﻩ8 ـﯽ-î la lâwa beside him (for preposed
pronominal complements of prepositions, see §14.1); ﻗ ـﻮونqûn butt; ﻧ ـﻮوﺳ ـﺎن ﺑ ـﻪ …هوﻩ
nûsân ba…awa to be stuck to; ـﻦom رﻩق ﻫـﻪraq hałâtin = raq hał-hâtin; ﺳـﻪردﻩ ﻣـﻪ وﻩ8 la
sardamawa immediately; ™و ﺑﻮونbâw-bûn to gain currency.
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SORANI KURDISH
ﺟgﮕـﺎﯾـﻪك ™ﺳـﺖ دﻩﰷ و دﻩZـ‚ ﭘـﺎﺷـﺎ ﺑـﯚ ﮔـﻪ ـﻧﻴـﻮى 8زارى دێ .ﺋـﻪﮔـﻪر ™وﻩرIـﺶ cﻛـﻪى،
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ﺑـﻪ€ﱏ ﻛـﻪ د ـeﺘـﻪ ﻻت ﺑـﻪ`ﰵ ـ\ﻜـﻪوﻩ .ﰷ ـﺗ{ـﻚ ـﻗﺴـﻪت دﻩﮔـﻪڵ دﻩﰷ ،دﻩﺳ,ــﱴ ﺑـﻪ ﻟـﻮوﰏﯾـﻪوﻩ
دﻩﮔﺮێ و روو 8و ﻻ دﻩﰷ«.
ﺑـﻪ€ﱏ زوو ﻧـﯚﻛـﻪر د ـeﺘـﻪ ﻻى ﭘـﺎﺷـﺎ .ﰷ• ﺑـﻪ ﯾـﻪﻛـﻪوﻩ ـﻗﺴـﻪ دﻩﻛـﻪن ﻧـﯚﻛـﻪر دﻩﺳ,ــﱴ ﺑـﻪ
ﻟـﻮوﰏﯾـﻪوﻩ دﻩﮔـﺮێ ،روو 8و ﻻ دﻩﰷ .ﭘـﺎﺷـﺎ ﻗـﺴـﻪﻛـﻪى qـﻮzـﺮﻩ ™وﻩڕ دﻩﰷ .ﰷ«ـﻪزeـﻚ
دﻩﻧﻮوﺳ‚ و دﻩﯾﺪاﺗﻪ دﻩﺳﺖ ﻧﯚﻛﻪر و دﻩ» ‚ZﺑyRﻪ ﺑﯚ >ﻪزﻧﻪدار!«
ﺳ,ﺘـﻪوﻩ دﻩ ـﺑRـ xو ـﻟ{ـ¬ﻰ
ﰷ ـﺗ{ـﻚ ﻧـﯚﻛـﻪر 8ﻣـﺎڵ د ـeﺘـﻪ دﻩرq ،ـﻮzـﺮﻩ ﰷ«ـﻪزzـﲃ ﺑـﻪ دﻩ ــ
دﻩ-ﺮﺳ‚ »ﺋﻪو ﰷ«ﻪزﻩ ﭼ)ﻪ؟«
ﻧـﯚﻛـﻪر دﻩZـ‚ »ﺋـﻪوﻩ ﭘـﺎﺷـﺎ ﺑـﯚى ﻧـﻮوﺳـ,ﻴــﻮم ﻛـﻪ ﺑـﯚ >ـﻪﻧزـﻪدارى ﺑـﻪرمq «.ـﻮzـﺮﻩ دﻩﻛـﻪوeﺘــﻪ
ـــﲂ ﺑـﺪا•«.
ﭘـﺎڕاﻧـﻪوﻩ و ﻻmﻧـﻪوﻩ .دﻩZـ‚ » ـﺑﻴـﺪﻩ ﺑـﻪ ﻣـﻦ ﺑـﯚ >ـﻪﻧزـﻪدارى ﺑـﻪرم ،ﺑـﻪ ـZﻜـﻮو ﺷg£
ﻧـﯚﻛـﻪر ﺑـﻪزﻩﱙ ﭘ{ــﺪا دێ و ﰷ«ـﻪزﻩﻛـﻪى دﻩدا• و دﻩﯾﺒــﺎ ﺑـﯚ >ـﻪﻧزـﻪدار> .ـﻪﻧزـﻪدار ﻛـﻪ cﻣـﻪﻛـﻪ
دﻩﺧـﻮeـﻨ±.ـــﻪوﻩ دﻩﺑRــ xﻟ{ــ¬ﻰ ﻧـﻮوﴎاوﻩ» :ﻫـﻪ ـZﮕـﺮى cﻣـﻪ ﻛـﻪ دeﺘــﻪ ﻻ`ن ،ﺳـﻪرى ﺑـ²ن و ﰷى
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; Pîrânshâr Piranshahr, a town in Iranian Kurdistanﭘـــﲑا›ـــﺸـــﺎر ; kâk brother, Mrﰷک
/ châł pit, hole (chałè is a stylistic variant ofـﺎڵ ; harkas (+ subj.) anyone whoﻫـﻪرﮐـﻪس
• ; bo khoy himselfﺑ ـﯚ ﺧ ـﯚی ; hał-kanin to digﻫ ـﻪ Zـﮑ ـﻪ ³ـﻦ ; > khałk peopleـﻪ Zـﮏ ;)châłèk
lîra lira,ﻟـﲑﻩ ; nokar servantﻧـﯚﮐـﻪر ; pâshâ kingﭘـﺎﺷـﺎ ; te-kawtin (kaw-) to fall intoﮐـﻪوoـﻦ
swâlkarﺳـﻮا ـžﮑـﻪر ;‘; kwer blindـﻮzـﺮ ) dân (da-) to give (-î dadâtè see §35دان )دﻩ( ;pound
ﺑـﻪ ; feł-kirdin la to play a trick onـﻓgـ´ ‘ـﺮدن kawtinà bîr to occur to; 8ﮐـﻪو ـﺗﻨـﻪ ﺑـﲑ ;beggar
; sîr garlicﺳ ـﲑ ; shaw nightﺷ ـﻪو ; zânîn to knowزاﻧ ـﲔ ; ba hałkawt by chanceﻫ ـﻪ Zـﮑ ـﻪوت
; chûnà lâ i to go toﭼـﻮوـﻧ ﻪ ﻻی ; khwârdin (kho-) to eatﺧـﻮاردن )ﺧـﯚ( ; mâst yoghurtﻣـﺎﺳـﺖ
ﺟgﮕـﺎ ;> kharâp awfulـﻪراپ ; gotin (łe-) to sayﮔـﯚoـﻦ )Zـ‚(
™ bâs-kirdin toس ‘ـﺮدن ; jegâ placeــ
ﺑـﻪ€ﱏ ;™ bâwař-kirdin to believeوﻩڕ ‘ـﺮدن ; zâr mouthزار ; ganîwî stenchﮔـﻪﻧـﻴـﻮی ;discuss
kâtè(k) whenﰷ• )ﰷﺗ{ــﮏ( ; batâqî-kirdinawa to investigateﺑـﻪ`ﰵ ‘ـﺮدﻧـﻪوﻩ ;bayânî morning
dast ba lûtawa girtin to holdدﻩﺳـﺖ ﺑـﻪ ﻟـﻮوﺗـﻪوﻩ ﮔـﺮoـﻦ ; qsa-kirdin to talkـﻗﺴـﻪ ‘ـﺮدن ;)(conj.
rû l’ aw lâ kirdin to turn the face away.روو 8و ﻻ ‘ﺮدن ;the nose
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kâghazﰷ«ـﻪز ; ba yekawa togetherﺑـﻪ ﯾـﻪﮐـﻪوﻩ ; bayân i zû early in the morningﺑـﻪ€ﱏ زوو
\ birـﺮدن )ﺑـﻪ( ; dânà dast to hand toداﻧـﻪ دﻩﺳـﺖ ; nûsîn (nûs-) to writeﻧـﻮوﺳـﲔ )ﻧـﻮس( ;paperdin ba- to take, carry.
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; 8 la mâł hâtinà dar to come outsideﻣــﺎڵ ﻫــﺎﺗــﻨــﻪ دﻩر ;> khaznadâr treasurerــﻪﻧزــﻪدار
- pirsîn to ask.ﺮﺳﲔ
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READINGS
دﻩ ﭘ.ﺴ,ﱴ ﺋﺎ>ﲍ!«
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>ـﻪﻧزـﻪدار >.ــﺮا <ـﻪZـ·دان ™³ـﮓ دﻩﰷ و دﻩZـ‚ »ﺳـﻪرى ﺋـﻪم ﭘﻴــﺎوﻩ ﻟـ‚ ﺑـﺪﻩن و ﰷى
دﻩ ﭘ.ﺴ,ﱴ ﺋﺎ>ﲍ!«
ﻧـﯚﻛـﻪر ﺑـﻪ€ﱏ دﻩﭼgﺘـــﻪ ﻻى ﭘـﺎﺷـﺎ .ﭘـﺎﺷـﺎ 8دﯾ£ــﲎ ﺋـﻪو ،ﺳـﻪرى ﺳـﻮڕ دﻩﻣgــ xو ﻟ{ــ¬ﻰ
دﻩ-ﺮﺳ‚ »ﰷ«ﻪزﻩﻛﻪت \ﺮدﻩ ﻻى >ﻪزﻧﻪدار؟«
ﻧـﯚﻛـﻪر 8وﻩmﻣـﺪا دﻩZـ‚ »ﻧـﻪ>.ــﺮ ،ﮔـﻪورﻩم ،ﺑـﯚ ﺧـﯚم ﻧـﻪﻣـﱪدq .ـﻮzـﺮeـﻚ زۆرم 8ﺑـﻪر
ﭘـﺎڕاوﻩ و ﺋـﻪﻣ•Rـــﺶ ﺑـﻪزﻩﯾـﲓ ﭘ{ــﺪا ﻫـﺎت و داﻣـ‚ ﺑـﻪ ـZﻜـﻮو >ـﻪﻧزـﻪدار ﺷg£ـــﲃ ﺑـﺪا•8 «.و ﰷﺗـﻪدا
<ـﻪcزﻩى qـﻮzـﺮﻩ€ن ﻫـ ـ{ﻨـﺎ ﻛـﻪ ﰷ€ن دﻩ ــﭘ.ﺴ,ــﱴ ﺋـﺎﺧ•ــ ـﻴﺒـﻮو .ﭘـﺎﺷـﺎ ﺑـﻪ ﻧـﯚﻛـﻪرى ﮔـﯚت »ﺋـﻪو
رۆژﻩى ـﻗﺴـﻪت 8ﮔـﻪڵ ﻣـﻦ دﻩqـﺮد ،ﺑـﯚ ﭼـﻰ دﻩﺳ£ــﺖ ﺑـﻪ ﻟـﻮوﺗـﺖ دﻩﮔـﺮت و رووت 8و ﻻ
دﻩqﺮد؟«
ﻧـﯚﻛـﻪر ﮔـﯚﰏ »ﻗـﻮر™ن ،ﺋـﻪو رۆژﻩ ﺳـﲑ و ﻣـﺎﺳ,ــﱲ ﺧـﻮاردﺑـﻮو و ﮔـﯚﰎ ™ ﺑـﯚﻧـﻪﻛـﻪى ﺑـﯚ
ﭘﺎﺷﺎ ﻧﻪﭼ‚«.
ﭘـﺎﺷـﺎ ﺳـﻪرzـﲃ راوﻩﺷـﺎﻧـﺪ8 ،ﺑـﻪر ﺧـﯚﯾـﻪوﻩ ﮔـﯚﰏ »ﻫـﻪرﻛـﻪس /ـﺎZـ‚ ﺑـﯚ >ـﻪ ـZﻜـ‚
ﻫﻪZﻜﻪ ،œﺑﯚ ﺧﯚى ﺗ{ﺪﻩﻛﻪوێ«.
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kawtinà (+ inf.) toﮐ ـﻪوﺗ ـﻨ ـﻪ ; barim: bar is an alternative present stem of birdinﺑ ـﻪرم
ﺷـﺖ ; bałkû maybeﺑـﻪ ـZﮑـﻮو ; lâłânawa to beseechﻻmﻧـﻪوﻩ ; pâřânawa to begﭘـﺎڕاﻧـﻪوﻩ ;start to
bazaîy pe’dâ hât (for the orthogﺑ ـﻪزﻩﱙ ﭘ ـ{ ـﺪا ﻫ ـﺎت ; bazaî compassionﺑ ـﻪزﻩﱙ ;shit thing khwendinawaﺧـﻮeﻨــﺪﻧـﻪوﻩ ;c nâma letterﻣـﻪ ;raphy of bazaîy, see §41) he felt compassion
ﻫــــﻪZــــﮕــــﺮ ;) nûsrân to be written (for the passive voice, see §34ﻧــــﻮوﴎان ;to read over
ﰷ دﻩ ; pest skinﭘـ.ـﺴـﺖ ; kâ strawﰷ ; sar-biřîn to cut the head offﺳـﻪر \ـ½tـﻦ ;hałgir bearer
kâ da pest âkhnîn to stuff the skin with straw.ﭘ.ﺴﺖ ﺋﺎﺧ•ﲔ
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sar leﺳـﻪر ﻟـ‚ دان ;³™ bâng-kirdin to call, summonـﮓ ‘ـﺮدن ;< jałłâd executionerـﻪZـ·د suř-mân (men-) to spin.ﺳﻮڕ ﻣﺎن )ﻣ.ﻦ( ;dân to behead
٣
8 l’ awو ﰷﺗــــﻪدا ; gawram my lordﮔــــﻪورﻩم ; nakher noﻧــــﻪ>ــــ.ــــﺮ ; wałâm answerوﻩmم
ـــﺎن )ﻫ.ــﻦ( ;kâtá’dâ at that moment
< janâza-henân (hen-) to bring forth a funeralـﻪcزﻩ ﻫ{ﻨ
ﺳ ـﻪر راوﻩﺷ ـﺎﻧ ـﺪن ; bon smellﺑ ـﯚن ; qurbân your highnessﻗ ـﻮر™ن ; rozh dayرۆژ ;procession
8 labar khoyawa to himself.ﺑﻪر ﺧﯚﯾﻪوﻩ ;sar râ-washândin to shake the head
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ﺧﻮدا 8ﺳﻮZﺘﺎن ﻣﻪﲪﻮود ﮔﻪورﻩoﺮﻩ
ﮔـﻮاﯾـﻪ ﺳـﻮZﺘــﺎن ﻣـﻪﲪـﻮود )ﺳـﻪدﻩى €زدﻩﻫـﻪم( زۆر رﰵ 8دار`ﺷـ{,ــﻚ ﺑـﻮوﻩ .ﻓـﻪرﻣـﺎﱏ ﭘـ¬‚
دﻩدا ﺋـﻪﮔـﻪر 8ﺋ{ــﻮارﻩوﻩ ﻫـﻪ` ﺑـﻪ€ﱏ -ـ½ ﺑـﻪ ژوورeـﻚ ﺋـﺎردﻩ ـﻣﺸـﺎرى ﺑـﯚ ﺋـﺎﻣـﺎدﻩ ﻧـﻪﰷ 8 ،ﺳـﻪرى
دﻩدا.
دار`ش ﺑـﻪ ﭘـﻪﺳ,ـﱴﯾـﻪوﻩ ﻫـﺎﺗـﻪوﻩ ﻣـﺎڵ و ﺧـﯚى ﺑـﯚ ﻣـﺮدن ﺋـﺎﻣـﺎدﻩ qـﺮد ،ﭼـﻮـ³ﻜـﻮو دﻩtـﺰاﱏ
8دﻩﺳـﻪ mـﺗﻴـﺪا ـﻧﻴـﻪ ﺋـﻪم ﰷرﻩ ﻫـﻪ ـZﺴـﻮوڕeـ .xﻧژـﻪﻛـﻪى د ـZﺨـﯚﳽ داﯾـﻪوﻩ و ـﭘ{ـ¬ﻰ ﮔـﯚت
»ﭘﻴﺎوﻩﻛﻪ ،ﺑﻨﻮو .ﺧﻮدا 8ﺳﻮZﺘﺎن ﻣﻪﲪﻮود ﮔﻪورﻩoﺮﻩ«.
ﺷـﻪﺑـﻪﰵ ﺑـﻪ€ن ﻛـﻪ 8دﻩرﮔـﺎ درا ،دار`ش ﮔـﻪردن ـﺋ ﺎزاﰃ 8ژن و ـﻣ•ـﺪاZـﻪﰷﱏ ـ qﺮد،
ﺑـﻪmم ﻛـﻪ دﻩرﻛـﻪى qـﺮدﻩوﻩ ﻧـﯚﻛـﻪرﻩﰷﱏ ﺳـﻮZﺘــﺎن ﻣـﻪﲪـﻮود داوا€ن ﻟـ‚ qـﺮد ﺳ,ﻨـــﺪووﻗgــﻚ ﺑـﯚ
ﺗﻪرﻣﻪﻛﻪى ﺳﻮZﺘﺎن دروﺳﺖ \ﲀ ،ﭼﻮ³ﻜﻮو ﺳﻮZﺘﺎن 8ﻧﻴﻮﻩ ﺷﻪودا ﻣﺮدووﻩ.
ﺋـﻪم ﭘـﻪﻧـﺪﻩ ﭘ{ــﲈن دﻩZـ‚ ﻛـﻪ ﺗـﻪcﻧـﻪت 8ﰷﰏ ﮔـﺮﻓ±ــﺎرى و رۆژﻩ رﻩﳽ و داﻣـﺎوﯾـﺪا bc
ﻫـﻮﻣgــﺪ\ـﺮاو ﺑـﲔ ﭼـﻮـ³ﻜـﻮو زۆر ﻫـﯚﰷر و ﻫ.ــﺰ و د€ردﻩ ﻫـﻪن ﻛـﻪ ــﺋ{ﻤـﻪ ﻟـ{ﻴــﺎن ﺋـwﮔـﺎدار ﻧـﲔ و
cزا ـﻧ ﲔ ™ر و ﺧـﯚZـﻰ زﻩﻣـﺎﻧـﻪ ﭼـﻮن ﻫـﻪZـﺪﻩﺳـﻮوڕێ و ﺑـﻪ چ ﻻﯾـﻪﻛـﺪا دﻩﻛـﻪوێ .ﺧـﻮداى
ﻣـﻪزن ﺧـﯚى دﻩزا œچ دﻩﰷ و 8ﺳـﻪرﻩوﻩى ﻫـﻪﻣـﻮو ﻫـ.ـﺰzـﻜـﻪوﻩﯾـﻪ و /ـﺎرﻩﻧـﻮوﳻ
ﺟgﻜـﺪا 8 bc
ﻫـﻪﻣـﻮوﻣـﺎن ﺑـﻪ دﻩﺳـﺖ ﺋـﻪوﻩ< .ـﺎ ﻛـﻪ وا ﺑـﻮو ،ﻣـﺮۆڤ 8ـﻫﻴـﭻ ﻫـﻪل و ﻣـﻪر ــ
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ﮔـﻮاﯾـﻪ ; Sułtân Maḥmûd Sultan Mahmud of GhaznaﺳـﻮZـﺘـﺎن ﻣـﻪﲪـﻮود ; khudâ Godﺧـﻮدا
ﻓــﻪرﻣــﺎن دان ; dârtâsh carpenterدار`ش ; riq spiteرق ; sada centuryﺳــﻪدﻩ ;gwâya it seems
ـ½ ; hatâ untilﻫـﻪ` ; ewâra eveningﺋـ{ـﻮارﻩ ; agar ifﺋـﻪﮔـﻪر ;) farmân-dân (da-) to orderدﻩ(ﺋـﺎﻣـﺎدﻩ ;- piř ba zhûrek ârdamshâr a roomful of sawdustـ½ ﺑـﻪ ژوورzـﮏ ﺋـﺎردﻩﻣـﺸـﺎر ;piř full
ﺳ)£ـﻪوﻩ ;‘ âmâda-kirdin to prepareـﺮدن
hâtinà mâłﻫـﺎ ـﺗﻨـﻪ ﻣـﺎڵ ; ba pastîawa dejectedlyﺑـﻪ ﭘـﻪ ـ ـ
دﻩﺳـﻪmت ; chunkû since, becauseﭼـﻮ ـ³ﮑـﻮو ; mirdin (mir-) to dieﻣـﺮدن )ﻣـﺮ( ;to come home
د Zـﺨ ـﯚﺷ ـ‚ داﻧ ـﻪوﻩ ; zhin wifeژن ; hał-sûřândin to accomplishﻫ ـﻪ Zـﺴ ـﻮوڕاﻧ ـﺪن;dasałât power
shabaq iﺷــﻪﺑــﻪﰵ ﺑــﻪ€ن ; nûstin nû- to sleepﻧــﻮوﺳــﱳ )ﻧــﻮو( ;diłkhoshî-dânawa to console
8 la dargâ dirân for a knock to come at theدﻩرﮔــــــــــﺎ دران ;bayân at the break of dawn
ﺑـﻪmم ; mindâł childـﻣ•ـﺪاڵ ; gardinâzâî kirdin la to say good-bye toﮔـﻪردcزاﱙ ‘ـﺮدن door; 8
dâwâ-kirdin la toداوا ‘ـــﺮدن ‘ kirdinawa to open; 8ـــﺮدﻧـــﻪوﻩ ; darka doorدﻩرﮐـــﻪ ;bałâm but
dirustدروﺳـﺖ ‘ـﺮدن ; tarm corpseﺗـﻪرم ; sindûq chestﺳـ,ﻨــﺪووق ;)ask s.o. (+ subj. to do s.th. 8 la nîwashaw’dâ at midnight.ﻧﻴﻮﻩﺷﻪودا ;kirdin to make
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.bﻮﱃ ﻫﻪq ﺗﻪوﻩb دﻩ.b ﺪgﻫﻮﻣc ﺧﻮدا
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«ﻴﺎوش,ﻨﻪﻛﻪى ﺳe»ﺑﻮو ﺑﻪ ﺧﻮ
8 ﺘـــﺎﻧـﻪ, ﺋـﻪم داﺳ.ـﲀوس دﻩدوێtـﻮڕى ﻛـﻪq ﻴـــﺎوش,ﴎاوﻩﻛـﻪى ﺳc ﰷرﻩﺳـﺎﺗـﻪ8 ﺋـﻪم ﭘـﻪﻧـﺪﻩ
ﻣـﻪى ﺗ{ــﺪاcــﺶ ﺋـﻪو ﰷﺗـﻪى ﺷـﺎ.ﺘــﻪوﻩ ﺑـﯚ زۆر ﭘeــﺮاﻗـﺪا ™وﻩ و ﺋـﻪﮔـﻪڕ.È ــﺮان و.ـﻮردﻩﰷﱏ ﺋq ﻧ{ــﻮ
ﺘـﻪ,ﺴ
ـ ــI ـﭘ{ـﻮ،ـﻪوﻩ ﺋـﻪم ﰷرﻩﺳـﺎﺗـﻪ ﭼـﻮن ﺑـﻮوﻩ ﺑـﻪ ﭘـﻪﻧـﺪ±. ﺑـﯚ ﺋـﻪوﻩى روون ــﺑ.ﻧـﻮوﴎاوﻩﺗـﻪوﻩ
:ﻨﻪﻛﻪى ﺗ{ﺪا رژاوﻩeﺘﻪوﻩ ﻛﻪ ﺧﻮeﺋﻪو™رﻩ روون \ﻜﺮ
ﺘــﻪى, ﺧـﺸـ8 ﻴــﺎوﳽ ﻫـﻪﻧـﻪزاى دﻩﰷ و دﻩﯾـﻪوێ, ﺳـ8 ـﻪزÉ ـﲀوسtﺳـﻮوداﺑـﻪى ژﱏ ﻛـﻪ
ﰽ وwـﺶ ﺑـﯚ ﺋـﻪوﻩى ﭘـI ﺋـﻪو.ـﺎﱏ ـ ـﭘ{ﻜـﺮد±م ﰷرﻩدا ﻛـﻪ ﺳـﻪر ﻧـﻪﻛـﻪوت ﺑـﻮ ـﺧ8 مm ﺑـﻪ،ـﺑﺒـﺎت
.و ﺳﻪرىﯾﻪوﻩ دﻩر ﭼﻮو8 ن€زb ﺸﺖ وIﮔﺮدا رۆw ﺑﻪ ﻧ{ﻮ ﺋx{ﻤZﺴﻪÌ ﱓِ ﺧﯚىcﮔﻮb
٢
٣
١
ﻧ ـﻪتc ﺗ ـﻪtanânat especially; ـﺎری± ﮔ ـﺮﻓ ـgiriftârî anguish; رۆژﻩرﻩﳽrozharashî misfortune; داﻣـﺎویdâmâwî tribulation; ــﺪ\ـ½اوg ﻫـﻮﻣhumedbiřâw despondent; ﻫـﯚﰷرhokâr cause;
ــﺰ. ﻫhez power; ردﻩ€ دdyârda phenomenon; ﻫـﻪنhan there are; 8 ﮔـﺎدارw ﺋـâgâdâr la aware
of; ــﯽ زﻩﻣــﺎﻧــﻪZ ™ر و ﺧــﯚbâr u khoł i zamâna the vicissitudes of fortune; ــﺴــﻮوڕانZ ﻫــﻪhałsûřân to evolve; ﻻlâ side, direction; (ـــﻦ )ﮐـــﻪوo ﮐـــﻪوkawtin (kaw-) to fall; ﻣـــﻪزنmazin
great; ﺳـﻪرﻩوﻩی8 la sarawa i over; ـﺎرﻩﻧـﻮوس/ châranûs remedy, help; <ـﺎ ﮐـﻪ وا ﺑـﻮوjâ ka
wâ bû since that is so; ﻣ ـﺮۆڤmirov man, human being; ﻫ ـﻪلhal time; ﻣ ـﻪرجmarj condition; bc nâbe (+ subj.) should not; 8 ـﺪgﻫـﻮ ـﻣc nâhumed la despairing of; b دﻩdabe (+
subj.) should; ﺗﻪوﻩ‘ﻮلtawakul trust in God.
٢
ــﻦz ﺧــﻮkhwen blood; ــــﻴــﺎوش, ﺳSiyâwish Siyavush, son of the Sassanian Shah KayKaus; ﰷرﻩﺳـﺎتkârasât tragedy; ﴎاوc nâsrâw well-known; ـ‘ ﻮڕkuř son; ﮐـﻪی ﰷوسKayKâwis Kay-Kaus; 8 دوانdwân la to speak about; ــــﺘــﺎن, داﺳdâstân story; ﻧــ{ــﻮ8 la new
among; ــﺮان. ﺋEřân Iran; ــﺮاق.È ‘Erâq Iraq; ™وbâw current; ﮔـﻪڕاﻧـﻪوﻩ ﺑـﯚgařânawa bo to go
back to; ــﺶ. ﭘpesh before; ﻣـﻪc ﺷـﺎShânâma the Shâhnâma, the epic of Iranian kingship
written by Firdawsi in 1010; ﺑـﯚ ﺋـﻪوﻩیbo awaî in order that; روون ﺑـﻮوﻧـﻪوﻩrûn-bûnawa to
be clear; ﺴـﺖI ﭘ{ــﻮ ـpewîst necessary; ﺋـﻪو™رﻩawbâra in that regard; روون ‘ـﺮانrûn-kirân to
be explained; رژانrizhân to be shed.
٣
ﺳـﻮوداﺑـﻪSûdâba Sudaba, wife of Kay-Kaus and stepmother of Siyavush; 8 ـﻪز ‘ـﺮدنÉ
ḥaz-kirdin la to like, to want; ﻫ ـﻪﻧ ـﻪزاhanazâ stepson; دﻩﯾ ـﻪوێdayawe see the conjugation of the present tense of wîstin, §20; ـﺘ ـﻪ \ ـﺮدن, ﺧ ـﺸ ـ8 la khishta birdin to have illicit
sexual relations with; ﰷرkâr affair; ـﻦo ﺳ ـﻪر ﮐ ـﻪوsar-kawtin to succeed; ـﺎن ‘ ـﺮدن ﺑ ـﻪ±ﺑ ـﻮﺧ ـ
bukhtân-kirdin ba to slander; ﰽw ﭘـpâkî purity; ﻫـﯽc ﺑـ{ـﮕـﻮbegunâhî innocence; ـﲈﻧـﺪنZﺳـﻪ
sałmândin to prove; ﺑـﻪ ﻧـ{ـﻮba new through; ﮔـﺮw ﺋـâgir fire; (ـﺸـﱳ )رۆI رۆroyshtin ro- to
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ﺳ,ﻴـﺎب ﺷـﺎى ـﺗ ﻮوران ـﻫ.ـﺮﳽ ﻫـ ـ{ﻨـﺎﯾـﻪ ﺳـﻪر وmت و ﻛـﻪtـﲀوس
8و ﰷﺗـﻪدا ﺋـﻪﻓـﺮا ــ
ﻓـﻪرﻣـﺎﱏ ﺑـﻪ qـﻮڕﻩﻛـﻪى دا دژى دوژﻣـﻦ ﺷـﻪڕ \ـﲀ .ﺳـ,ﻴــﺎوﳽ د ـZﺸـﲀو 8دا>ـﺎن ﭼـﻮوﻩ رtـﺰى
8ـﺷﻜـﺮى دوژﻣـﻦ .ﺋـﻪﻓـﺮاﺳـ,ﻴــﺎب 8ﺧـﯚى ³ـﺰﯾـﻚ ﺧـﺴـ,ﺘــﻪوﻩ و ـﻛ¤ـﻪﻛـﻪى ﺧـﯚى ﻟـ‚ ﻣـﺎرﻩ qـﺮد و
ﺳ,ﻴـﺎوﳽ
qـﺮدى ﺑـﻪ ﻓـﻪرﻣـﺎ³ـﺮﻩوا ،ﺑـﻪmم Écـﻪزان `وا ـﻧﻴـﺎن ﺑـﯚ رeـﻚ ـﺧﺴـﺖ و 8ﺋـﻪﳒـﺎﻣـﺪا ــ
ﺳ,ﺘـﻪم ﻫـﺎﺗـﻪ ﻛـﯚﺷـﲃ
ﺸ,ﺘـﻪ ـﺋ.ـﺮان .رو ــ
ﺷ£ـﲎ ــ
ـ qﻮﺷـﺖ .دﻩ³ـﮓ و ™ﳻ ـ qﻮ ـ
ﺳ,ﻴـﺎوﳽ ﮔـﻪIـ ــ
ﻛـﻪtـﲀوس و ﺳـﻮوداﺑـﻪى ژﱏ ﺑـﻪ ﻗـﮋ ر Ðــﻛ.ﺸـﺎ و ﺳـﻪرى \ـ½ى .ﭘـﺎش ﺋـﻪﻣـﻪ ﺑـﻪ 8ـﺷﻜـﺮ ـzﻜـﻪوﻩ
ﭼـﻮوﻩ ﺳـﻪر ﺗـﻮوران و qـﺮدى ﺑـﻪ ﯾـﻪك ﭘـﺎر/ـﻪ ﺋـﺎور و ﺋـﻪﻓـﺮاﺳ,ﻴـــﺎﰉ دﻩرqـﺮد و ﻣـﺎوﻩﯾـﻪك ﺧـﯚى
ﺑـﻮو ﺑـﻪ ﻓـﻪرﻣـﺎ³ـﺮﻩواى ﺗـﻮوران ،ﺑـﻪmم ﻛـﻪ روﺳـ,ﺘــﻪم ﮔـﻪڕاﯾـﻪوﻩ ﺑـﯚ ﺋ.ــﺮان ،ﺋـﻪﻓـﺮاﺳـ,ﻴــﺎب د ـIﺴـﺎن
ﺑﻮوﻩوﻩ ﺑﻪ ﻓﻪرﻣﺎ³ﺮﻩواى ﺗﻮوران.
ﻫـ{ـﻨـﺪeـﻚ ﻧـﻪزﯾـ• دﻩZـ.ـﻦ ﻛـﻪ ﺳـﻪرى ﺳ ,ــﻴـﺎوﺷ ,ــﻴـﺎن \ـ½ى ﺧـﻮeـﻨـﻪﻛـﻪى دﻩﻛـﯚﱃ و
ﻫـﻪZـﺪﻩﭼـﻮو ﻛـﻪ ﺋـﻪوﻩ ــﻧRﺸـﺎﻧـﻪى ﭘـwﰽ و `bواﱏ ﺋـﻪو ﺑـﻮوﻩ ،ﺑـﻪmم ﻫـﯚى ﺋـﻪوﻩى ﺋـﻪم رووداوﻩ
ﺳ,ﻴـﺎوش زۆر <ـﺎر دﻩﺑـﻮوﻩ ﻫـﺎﻧـﻪى ﻫ.ــﺮش و
ﺋـﺎوﺳـﺎﻧـﻪﱙﯾـﻪ ﺑـﯚﺗـﻪ ﭘـﻪﻧـﺪ ﺋـﻪوﻩﯾـﻪ ﻛـﻪ ﺧـﻮeـﲎ ــ
8ـﺷﻜـﺮ ــﻛ.ﺸـﺎﱏ ﺋ.ــﺮاﱏﯾـﻪﰷن ﺑـﯚ ﺳـﻪر وmﰏ ﺗـﻮوران ،و ﻟ.ــﺮﻩوﻩ ﮔـﯚﺗـﻮو€ﻧـﻪ »ﺧـﻮeـﲎ ﺳـ,ﻴــﺎوش
ﻫﻪر qcﻮوژeﺘﻪوﻩ و e½\cﺘﻪوﻩ«.
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8 l’ aw sarîawa dar-chûn to comeو ﺳـﻪرﯾـﻪوﻩ دﻩر ﭼـﻮون ; beziyân without harmـﺑ.ـﺰ€ن ;go
out on the other side.
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ﺳ,ﻴـﺎب
ﺷـﺎ ; Afrâsiyâb Afrasiab, the ruler of Turan, the traditional enemy of Iranﺋـﻪﻓـﺮا ــ
ﻫ{ﻨـﺎﻧـﻪ ﺳـﻪر ;shâ shah, king
دژی ; wiłât countryوmت ; herish-henânà sar to attackـﻫ.ـﺮش ـ ـ
diłshikâwد Zـﺸ ـﲀو ; shař-kirdin to fightﺷ ـﻪڕ ‘ ـﺮدن ; duzhmin enemyدوژﻣ ـﻦ ;dizh i against
8 lashkir army; 8ﺷــﮑــﺮ ; rîz line, rankرtــﺰ ; 8 la dâkhân grievingدا>ــﺎن ;broken-hearted
ﻣـﺎرﻩ ; kich daughterﮐـﭻ ; la kho nizîk-khistinawa to seat near oneselfﺧـﯚ ³ـﺰtـﮏ ﺧـﺴـ£ـ•ـﻪوﻩ
`وان ; Éc nâḥaz malevolentـﻪز ; farmânrawâ rulerﻓ ـﻪرﻣ ـﺎ ³ـﺮﻩوا ; ‘ mâra-kirdin to marryـﺮدن
‘ــﻮﺷــﱳ )‘ــﻮژ( ; anjâm endﺋــﻪﳒــﺎم ; tâwân rek-khistin bo to accuse falselyرzــﮏ ﺧــﺴــﱳ ﺑــﯚ
gayshtin gaﮔـﻪIـﺸـﱳ )ﮔـﻪ( ; dang u bâs word, rumorدﻩ³ـﮓ و ™س ;kushtin (kuzh-) to killﺳ,ﺘـﻪم ;to reach
; koshk palaceﮐـﯚﺷـﮏ ; Rostam Rustam, the champion warrior of Iranرۆ ــ
ﮐ.ﺸـﺎن ; qizh hairﻗـﮋ
ba yek pârcha âwir kirdinﺑـﻪ ﯾـﻪک ﭘـﺎر/ـﻪ ﺋـﺎور ‘ـﺮدن ; râ-keshân to dragرا ــ
; mâwa period of timeﻣـــــﺎوﻩ ; dar-kirdin to drive awayدﻩر ‘ـــــﺮدن ;to burn to the ground
dîsân once again.دIﺴﺎن ; gařânawa bo to return toﮔﻪڕاﻧﻪوﻩ ﺑﯚ
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hałﻫـﻪZـﭽـﻮون ; kolîn to boilﮐـﯚﻟـﲔ ; nazîla short, in shortﻧـﻪزﯾـ• ; hendèk thusﻫـ{ـﻨـﺪzـﮏﻧRﺸـﺎﻧـﻪ ;chûn to flow
âwsânaîﺋـﺎوﺳـﺎﻧـﻪﱙ ; rûdâw eventرووداو ; ho reasonﻫـﯚ ; nîshâna signـ ـ
ﻫ ـﺎﻧ ـﻪ ; zor jâr many timesزۆر < ـﺎر ; < jâr timeـﺎر ; bûwatàﺑ ـﻮوﻩﺗ ـﻪ = botàﺑ ـﯚﺗ ـﻪ ;legendary
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»رﻩﳒﻰ ﺑﻮوﻩ ﺑﻪ رﻩﳒﻰ ﻓﻪرﻫﺎد«
8ﺋـﻪﳒـﺎﱉ ﺧـﯚﺷـﻪو ـIﺴ,ــﱴﯾـﻪ ﺑـﻪcو™ ـ³ﮕـﻪﻛـﻪى ﻓـﻪرﻫـﺎد و ﺷـﲑﯾـﲎ ژﱏ >ـﻪﴎﻩو ﭘـﻪروtـﺰدا
) (۶٢٧–۵٩٠ﭘـﻪﯾـﺪا ﺑـﻮوﻩ ﻛـﻪ ﻧـﲒاﱉ >» 8ـﻪﴎﻩو و ﺷـﲑtـﻦ«هﻛـﻪﯾـﺪا ـﻟ{ـ¬ﻰ دواوﻩ و
زۆرIﺶ ر¬eﻰ • دﻩﭼ‚ ﻛﻪ 8ﺋﻪﻓﺴﺎﻧﻪﯾﻪﰽ ﻛﯚﻧﺪا دﻩر™رﻩى ﺷﲑtﻦ وﻩرى ﮔﺮﺗ.Ù
ﻧـﲒاﱉ ﺑـﻪم /ـﻪﺷـ,ﻨــﻪ ﺋـﻪ ـﻓﺴـﺎﻧـﻪﻛـﻪ دﻩﰷ :ﻛـﻪ >ـﻪﴎﻩو ﺑـﻪ ﺧـﯚﺷـﻪوIـﺴ,ـﱴ ﻧ{ــﻮان ﺷـﲑtـﻦ و
ﺴ,ﺘـﻮوﱏ ﺑـﯚ qـﻮن \ـﲀ .ﻓـﻪرﻫـﺎد \ـ½€ر دﻩدا
ﻓـﻪرﻫـﺎدى زاﱏ ،داوا 8ﻓـﻪرﻫـﺎد دﻩﰷ ـﻛ{ـﻮى ﺑ.ــ ــ
ﻓـﻪرﻣـﺎﻧـﻪﻛـﻪى ﺑـﻪﺟـ‚ ﺑ.ــ xﺑـﻪو ﻣـﻪر<ـﻪى ﺷـﲑﯾـﲎ ﺑـﺪا•> .ـﻪﴎﻩو ﺑـﻪﻣـﻪ ﻗـﺎﯾـﻞ دﻩ bﭼـﻮـ³ﻜـﻮو
8وﻩ دZـﻨﻴــﺎﯾـﻪ ﻛـﻪ ﺋـﻪم ﰷرﻩى ﭘـ¬‚ qcـﺮێ ،ﺑـﻪmم ﻛـﻪ ﺋـwﮔـﺎدارى >ـﻪﴎﻩو دﻩﻛـﻪن دZـﺪارﻩﻛـﻪى
ﻫ.ــﺰzـﲃ واى ﺑـﻪ ﻓـﻪرﻫـﺎد داوﻩ >ـﻪرـtﻜـﻪ ـﻛ{ـﻮﻩﻛـﻪ qـﻮن دﻩﰷ ،ﭘـﲑzـﮋـﻧ{ـﻚ دﻩﻧ.ــﺮ ـeﺘـﻪ ﻻى ﺑـﯚ
ﺋﻪوﻩى ﺑﻪ درۆ ﭘ{¬ﻰ ﺑ ‚Ÿﻛﻪ ﮔﻮاﯾﻪ ﺷﲑtﻦ ﻣﺮدووﻩ و ﻓﻪرﻫﺎد 8دا>ﺎن ﺧﯚى دﻩqﻮوژێ.
ﺋ.ــﺴـ,ﺘــﺎ ﺋـﻪم ﭘـﻪﻧـﺪاﻧـﻪ دﻩر™رﻩى ﺋـﻪو ﻛـﻪﺳـﺎﻧـﻪوﻩ دﻩﮔـﻮoـﺮێ ﻛـﻪ ﻫـﻪﻣـﻮو ژ€ﻧﻴــﺎن \ـﺮeـﱴﯾـﻪ 8
ﻫﻪوڵ و ﺗ{ﻜﯚﺷﺎن و رﻩﱋدان ﻛﻪﭼﻰ ﻫﻴﭽﻴﺎن دﻩﺳﮕﲑ .bc
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‘ ـﻮوژاﻧ ـﻪوﻩ ; gotin to sayﮔ ـﯚ oـﻦ ;8 lashkirkeshî mobilizationﺷ ـﮑ ـﺮﮐ ـ .ـﺸ ـﯽ ;hâna provocation
½\ biřrânawa to be stopped, to cease.اﻧﻪوﻩ ;kûzhânawa to be extinguished
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; khoshawîstî loveﺧـــﯚﺷـــﻪوIـــﺴـــ,ـــﱴ ; Farhâd Farhadﻓـــﻪرﻫـــﺎد ; ranj pain, sufferingرﻩﱋ
Shîrîn Shirin, Armenian princess and wife of theﺷـﲑtـﻦ ; banâwbâng famousﺑـﻪcو™³ـﮓ
paydâ-bûn to come intoﭘـﻪﯾـﺪا ﺑـﻮون ; Parwez Parvezﭘـﻪروzـﺰ ;Sassanian Chosroës Parvez
dwân la toدوان Nîzâmî Nizami of Ganja, Persian poet (1141–1209); 8ﻧــــﲒاﻣــــﯽ ;being
afsânaﺋـﻪ ـﻓﺴـﺎﻧـﻪ ; rey te-dache ka (+ subj.) it is possible thatرeـ¬ﯽ • دﻩﭼـ‚ ﮐـﻪ ;speak about
war-girtin la to takeوﻩرﮔـــﺮoـــﻦ darbâra concerning; 8دﻩر™رﻩ ; kon ancientﮐـــﯚن ;legend
from (for the past subjunctive, see §31).
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‘ kunـﻮن ‘ـﺮدن ; Besitûn Bihistunﺑ.ــﺴـ,ﺘــﻮون ; newân betweenﻧ{ــﻮان ;/ chashn mannerـﻪﺷـﻦ farmân order, comﻓــــﻪرﻣــــﺎن ;\ biřyâr-dân to decideــــ½€ر دان ;kirdin to tunnel throughـــﺎن ;mand
دZﻨﻴـــﺎ qâyil bûn ba to agree to; 8ﻗـﺎﯾـﻞ ﺑـﻮون ﺑـﻪ ; ba je henân to carry outﺑـﻪ ﺟـ‚ ﻫ{ﻨ
âgâdâr-kirdin toﺋـــwﮔـــﺎدار ‘ـــﺮدن ;‘ kirân ba to be done byـــﺮان ﺑـــﻪ ;diłnyâ la convinced of
> kharîk-bûn (+ presentـﻪرtـﮏ ﺑـﻮون ; -èk i wâ such aـ ـ{ﮑـﯽ وا ; diłdâr belovedدZـﺪار ;inform
c nârdinà (ner-) lâردﻧـﻪ ﻻ )ﻧ.ــﺮ( ; pîrezhin old womanﭘـﲑzـﮋن ;tense) to be busy doing s.th.
‘ kushtin kûzh- toـــﻮﺷـــﱳ )‘ـــﻮوژ( ; 8 la dâkhân out of griefدا>ـــﺎن ; diro lieدرۆ ;to send to
kill.
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.ﺴ,ﺘـﺎ
; zhyân lifeژ€ن ;) gutrân to be said (see §34ﮔـﻮoـﺮان ; kas personﮐـﻪس ; estâ nowﺋــ ــ
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»ﻣﺎدام ﻧﻪوﺷﲑوان wÉﰼ bو ﺑﻪﺧ±ﻪك وﻩزtﺮى ،ﺳﻪد ﻛﻪﻻوﻩ ﺑﻪ ﭘﻮو{Zﻚ«
ﺋـﻪم ﭘـﻪﻧـﺪاﻧـﻪ 8دژى /ـﻪوﺳـﺎﻧـﺪﻧـﻪوﻩى ﻧـﻪوﺷـﲑواﱏ ﺳـﺎﺳـﺎﱏ ) (۵٧٩-۵٣١ﺑـﻪم /ـﻪﺷ,ﻨـــﻪ
ﭘﻪﯾﺪا ﺑﻮوﻩ:
ﺳg£ـﲃ دZـﺮﻩق و زۆردار ﺑـﻮوﻩ.
ـﻧ ﻪوﺷـﲑوان 8ﺳـﻪرﻩ`ى ﻓـﻪرﻣـﺎ³ـﺮﻩوا ـﯾﻴـﺪا ﰷرﺑـﻪدﻩ ـ ـ
<ـﺎرeـﻚ 8ﮔـﻪڵ ﺑـﻪﺧ±ــﻪﰽ وﻩزtـﺮى «™ 8ـﺪا ﭘﻴــﺎﺳـﻪ€ن دﻩqـﺮد .ﺑـﻴ*)ـــﺎن دوو ™ﯾﻘــﻮوش 8ﺳـﻪر
دﯾـﻮارى ﻛـﻪﻻوﻩى ﻛـﯚ ـﺷﻜgــﲃ رو>ـﺎودا ﻫـﻪZﻨRـــﺸ,ﺘـــﻮون .ﺑـﻪﺧ±ــﻪك ﻛـﻪ ﮔـﻮاﯾـﻪ زﻣـﺎﱏ ™Zـﺪاراﱏ
دﻩزاﱏ ،ﮔـﻮeـ¬ﻰ 8ـﻗﺴـﻪى ™ ـﯾﻘـﻮوﺷـﻪﰷن ﺑـﻮو .ﯾـﻪ ـqﻴـﺎن ﺧـﻮازﺑ.ــﲎ ـﻛﭽـﻰ ﺋـﻪوﻩى oـﺮ€ﱏ ﺑـﯚ
qـﻮڕﻩﻛـﻪى دﻩqـﺮد .ﺋـﻪوIـﺶ ﺑـﯚ ﻣـﺎرﻩﱙ داواى ﻛـﻪﻻوﻩﯾـﻪﰽ qـﺮد .ﯾـﻪﻛـﻪﻣ)ــﺎن وﻩmﱉ داﯾـﻪوﻩ ﻛـﻪ
ﺴ,ﺘـﺎ
»زۆر ﺋـﺎﺳـﺎﻧـﻪ دوو ﺋـﻪوﻩﻧـﺪﻩ ﻛـﻪﻻوﻩى ﺑـﯚ ﭘـﻪﯾـﺪا \ـﲀ ،ﺑـﻪو ﻣـﻪر<ـﻪى ﻫـﻪﻣـﺎن ﺷـﺎى ﺋ.ــ ــ
ﲟ{«.x
وﻩزtـﺮ ـﻗﺴـﻪى ™ﯾﻘــﻮوﺷـﻪﰷن ﺑـﯚ ﭘـﺎﺷـﺎ دﻩﮔ.ــ½eﺘــﻪوﻩ و ﺋـﻪوIـﺶ \ـ½€ر دﻩدا ﺑـ²اى ﺑـ²اى
>ﻪراﭘﻪ ﻧﻪﰷ و واز 8زۆردارى ﲠ{ 8 xﺑﻪراﻣyﻪر ﮔﻪ8ﻛﻪﯾﺪا.
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رﻩﱋ ; tekoshân effortﺗـ{ـﮑـﯚﺷـﺎن ; hawł toilﻫـﻪوڵ ;\ biretî la …dâ consisting ofـﺮeـﱴ … 8دا
dasgîr-bûn to be attained.دﻩﺳﮕﲑ ﺑﻮون ; kachî butﮐﻪﭼﯽ ; ranj-dân to sufferدان
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Nawshîrwân Anosharwan, Sassanian shah ofﻧــــﻪوﺷــــﲑوان ; mâdâm as long asﻣــــﺎدام
wazîrوﻩزtـــﺮ ; Bakhtak Bakhtak, Anosharwan’s vizierﺑـــﻪﺧـــ±ـــﻪک ;É ḥâkim rulerـــwﰼ ;Iran
/ـــﻪوﺳـــﺎﻧـــﺪﻧـــﻪوﻩ ; 8 la dizh i vis-à-visزژی ; pûł pittanceﭘـــﻮوڵ ; kalâwa ruinﮐـــﻪﻻوﻩ ;vizier
Sâsânî Sassanian.ﺳﺎﺳﺎﱏ ;chawsândinawa tyranny
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kârbadast auﰷرﺑ ـﻪدﻩﺳ ـﺖ ; farmânrawâî reignﻓ ـﻪرﻣ ـﺎ ³ـﺮﻩواﱙ ; saratâ beginningﺳ ـﻪرﻩ` pyâsaﭘﻴــﺎﺳـﻪ ‘ـﺮدن ;™ bâgh gardenغ ; zordâr oppressiveزۆردار ; diłraq cruelدZـﺮﻩق ;thorityرو>ـﺎو ; dîwâr wallدﯾـﻮار ;™ bâyqûsh owlﯾـﻘـﻮوش ; bînîn to seeﺑـﻴـ*ـﲔ ;kirdin to take a stroll
; zimân languageزﻣ ـﺎن ; hał-nîshtin to perchﻫ ـﻪ Zـﻨ ـ Rـﺸ ـﱳ ;rukhâw ruined, tumbled-down
khwâzben-kirdin bo toﺧـﻮازـﺑ.ـﻦ ‘ـﺮدن ﺑـﯚ ; qsa speechـﻗﺴـﻪ ; gwe earﮔـﻮێ ;Z™ bâłdâr birdـﺪار
dâwâ iداوای … ‘ــــﺮدن ; mâraî wedding gift for the brideﻣــــﺎرﻩﱙ ;arrange a marriage for
dû awandaدوو ﺋ ـﻪوﻩﻧ ـﺪﻩ ; âsân easyﺋ ـﺎﺳ ـﺎن ; wałâm-dân to replyوﻩmم ;… kirdin to ask for
b’ aw marjáî on conditionﺑـﻪو ﻣـﻪر<ـﻪی ; paydâ-kirdin to findﭘـﻪﯾـﺪا ‘ـﺮدن ;twice as many
mân (men-) to remain.ﻣﺎن )ﻣ.ﻦ( ; hamân that veryﻫﻪﻣﺎن ;that
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; bibiřây-bibiřây (+ negative) never everﺑ ـ²اﱙ ﺑ ـ²اﱙ ; geřânawa to translateﮔ ـ .ـ½اﻧ ـﻪوﻩ
barâmbarﺑـﻪراﻣyــﻪر ; wâz-henân la to ceaseواز ﻫ{ﻨـــﺎن ;> kharâpa-kirdin to do evilـﻪراﭘـﻪ ‘ـﺮدن
gal flock, subjects.ﮔﻪل ;with regard to, toward
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) (٢ﺧﻮzﻦ و ﺳ,ﻴﻜﻪﺗﯚرﻩ
ﳏﻪﻣﻪد رﻩﻣﻪزاﱏ
ﺳ,ﻴـﺎوeـﻚ ـﺑﻴـﺪ ـﯾﺒـﺎن ،ﺑـﻪ ﻫـﻪر
™ڵ qـﻮرت و ™ڵ درzـﮋ ،دۆﺳ,ــﱴ ـﮔﻴـﺎﱏ ـﮔﻴـﺎﱏ ﺑـﻮو .ـﻧ ﻪ cــ
دووqﻴﺎﱏ دﻩﮔﯚت ﭼﯚZﻪﻛﻪ ،ﻫﻴﭽﻰ دtﻜﻪ.
ﺳ,ﻴـﻪﰏ \ـﺮﺳ,ــﱴ 8ﻫـﻪر دووـqﻴـﺎن
رۆژێ 8رۆژان ﺑـﻪ ﺋـﺎﺳـﲈﱏ ﺳـﺎﻣـﺎZـﻪوﻩ ﺑـﻮون\ ،ـﺮ ــ
ﺳﻪﻧﺪﺑﻮو™ .ڵ qﻮرت ﺑﻪ دZﺘﻪ³ﮕﻰﯾﻪوﻩ ﮔﯚﰏ:
— ™ ﺑﻨRـــﺸ•Rـــﻪوﻩ 8م دﻩﺷـﺖ و ﺳـﻪﺣـﺮاﯾـﻪ 8 .ﻫـﻪﻣـﻮو /ـﻪﺷـ,ﻨــﻪ ﮔﻴــﺎﯾـﻪك رواوﻩ .ﻫـﻪر
ﻧﻪ- bﺮووﺷﻪﯾﻪك دﻩﻛﻪtﻦ؟ ﻣﻦ ﺋﻪوﻩ \ 8ﺮﺳﺎ دﻩﻣﺮم.
™ڵ درzﮋ ﮔﯚﰏ:
— ،cﺧـﯚ رÐﮔـﺮﻩ ™ ،ـ\ﮕـﻪﯾﻨــﻪ ﺋـﻪو ﻛ{ــﻮاﻧـﻪ .زﮔـﻰ \ـﺮﳻ وا ™ﺷـﻪ 8ﺑـﻪرزاﱙ ﺗ.ــﺮ 8 .bم
دﻩﺷﺖ و ﺳﻪﺣﺮاﯾﻪ ﺋﺎدﻩﻣﲒادى ³ﮕﺮIﺲ cﻫ{Ÿﻦ ﻫﻴﭽﲈن وﻩ ﮔﻴﺎن ﻛﻪوێ.
™ڵ qـﻮرت ﺗـﻪﻣـﺎﺷـﺎﯾـﻪﰽ ﺋـﻪو ﻛـ{ـﻮﻩ دووراﻧـﻪى qـﺮد و ﺑـﻪ ﻫـﻴـﻮا\ـ½اوى ﮔـﯚﰏ» :ﻣـﻦ
ﺳ,ﺘـﻪﻛـﻪى ﻫـﻪZـ²ا و ³ـﺰم ﺑـﻮوﻩ .ﻫـ ـ{ﻨـﺪﻩ ³ـﺰم ﺑـﻮوﻩ ﺳy.ـــﻪرى 8
ﻫـﻪرﮔـﲒ €cـ³ﮕـﻪﻣـ‚ 8 «.دۆ ــ
ﺷ,ﺘـﻪﻛـﻪدا درzـﮋ ـﺑﺒـﻮوﻩ.
ﺳ•Rـﻪى دﻩ ــ
Èـﻪرز دﻩ ـﺧﺸـﺎ< .ـﺎدﻩﯾـﻪك وﻩك ﻣـﺎرى ـﻧ ﻮ ــ
ﺳ,ﺘـﻮو ﺑـﻪ ـ ـ
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» 8 ١ﴎوﻩ« ٢٧ :(١٣٧٠) ٧وﻩرﮔﲑاوﻩ.
Z™ Bâłdrezh “Longـﺪرzـﮋ ;”Z™ Bâłkurt “Shortwingـﮑـﻮرت ; sîkatora gizzardﺳ ,ــﻴـﮑـﻪﺗـﯚرﻩﺳ,ﻴـﺎو ; dost i gyânî-gyânî bosom friendsدۆﺳ,ــﱴ ـﮔﻴـﺎﱏ ـﮔﻴـﺎﱏ ; dost friendدۆﺳـﺖ ;”wing
ﻧـﻪ cــ
biydîbân for the past conﺑـﻴـﺪﯾـﺒـﺎن ;nanâsyâw unfamiliar, someone who doesn’t know hîch i dîka nothing else.ﻫﻴﭽﯽ دtﮑﻪ ; chołaka sparrowﭼﯚZﻪﮐﻪ ;ditional tense see §33
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; sâmâł clear, blueﺳ ـﺎﻣ ـﺎڵ ; âsmân skyﺋ ـﺎﺳ ـﲈن ; rozhè la rozhân one dayرۆژێ 8رۆژان
\ biřist-sandinawa la to take hold of powerfulـ½ﺳـﺖ ﺳـﻪﻧـﺪﻧـﻪوﻩ \ birsiyatî hunger; 8ـﺮﺳـ,ﻴــﻪﰏﻧRﺸـﱳ )ﻧRــﺶ( ;ly;™ bâ c’mon
saḥﺳـﻪﺣـﺮا ; dasht plainدﻩﺷـﺖ ; nîshtin (nîsh-) to sit, to landــ har nabeﻫـﻪر ﻧـﻪ riwân to be green (of a field, the earth); bروان ; giyâ plantﮔـﻴـﺎ ;râ field
\ 8 la birsâـﺮﺳ ـﺎ ﻣ ـﺮدن ; - prûsha-kirdin to nibbleـﺮووﺷ ـﻪ ‘ ـﺮدن ;(+ subj.) shouldn’t we just
mirdin to die of hunger.
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\ birsîـﺮﳻ ; zig bellyزگ ; kho râ-girtin (gir-) to control oneselfﺧ ـﯚ رÐﮔ ـﺮ oـﻦ ;c nâ no
ter-bûn to be satisﺗ ـ .ـﺮ ﺑ ـﻮون ; barzâî height, high placeﺑ ـﻪرزاﱙ ;™ bâsh goodش ;hungryﻫ{ـ´( ; nigrîs evil, meanـ³ﮕـﺮIـﺲ ; âdamîzâd human beingﺋـﺎدﻩﻣـﲒاد ;fied, to get full
ﻫ.ﺸـﱳ ) ـ
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wa gyân kawtin to escape alive.وﻩ ﮔﻴﺎن ﮐﻪوoﻦ ;)heshtin (heł-) to allow (+ subj.
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101
SORANI KURDISH
ﻣـﺎﺷ,ـ{*gـــﻚ ﺑـﻪ -ـ½`و ،ﺑـﻪرﻩو رووى ™ڵ qـﻮرت دﻩﻫـﺎت™ .ڵ qـﻮرت ﻓـﺮ €ﻧـﻪﻛـﻪوت ﺧـﯚ ﻻ دا
و ﺧـﯚى 8ﺷـﻮوﺷـﻪﺑـﻪﻧـﺪى ــﭘ.ﺸـﻪوﻩى ﻣـﺎﺷ•.ـــﻪﻛـﻪ ﴎﻩواﻧـﺪ و 8ت و ﭘـﻪت ﺑـﻮو و ﭘـﻪڕ و
ﭘﯚى ™ \ﺮدى و ﺗﻪﻧﻴﺎ دZﯚﭘﻪ ﺧﻮg*eﻚ و ﺳ,ﻴﻜﻪﺗﯚرﻩﯾﻪﰽ \ﺮﳻ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻮوﺷﻪﻛﻪوﻩ ﺑﻪﺟ‚ ﻣﺎ.
cو ﻣـﺎﺷ•.ـــﻪﻛـﻪ ،ﺷـﺎÈـﲑzـﲃ ـﺗﻴـﺎ ﺑـﻮو ﻛـﻪ ﺳـﻪرى ﻗـﻪZـﻪﻣـﻪﻛـﻪ€ن ﺷـﲀﻧـﺪﺑـﻮو .ﺑـﻪ ﻗـﻮوﱏ
ﻗـﻪZـﻪﻣـﻪﻛـﻪى 8دﻩﻓ±ــﻪرﻩﻛـﻪى ™>ـﻪZﻴــﺎ ﻧـﻮوﳻ» :ﻣـﻪرگ ³ 8ـﺰﻣـﺎﯾﻴــﺪا ﭘـﲑۆز ﻧﻴــﻪ ،ﺋـﻪﮔـﻪرﭼـﻰ
ﺑﻪ ﺧﻮzﻦ و ﺑﻪ ﺳ,ﻴﻜﻪﺗﯚرﻩﯾﻪﰽ \ﺮﳻ \ﺮازeﺘﻪوﻩ«.
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) (٣رeﻮى ﺗﻪﻣyﻪڵ
ﳏﻪﻣﻪد ﺣﻮﺳ.ﻦ ﭘﺎﺳ,ﻴﺎر
زﻩﻣـﺎﱏ ﻗـﻪدﱘ< 8 ،ـﻪ ـ³ﮕـﻪ{Zــﲃ ﺳـﻪوز و -ـ½ 8داردا رeـﻮىﯾـﻪﰽ ﺗـﻪﻣyــﻪڵ ﺑـﻪ ﺗـﻪﱏ دﻩژ .€ﻣـﺎم
رeـﻮى >ـﻪو>ـﻪوى ﺑـﻮو .رۆژ ﻫـﻪ` ﺋ{ــﻮارﻩ دﻩﻧـﻮﺳـﺖ .ﺋـwﮔـﺎى 8دﻩور و ﺑـﻪرى ﺧـﯚى ﻧـﻪﺑـﻮو.
<ﺎرى وا ﺑﻮو \ﺮﺳRﺶ دﻩﺑﻮو q 8ﻮﻧﻪﻛﻪى ﻧﻪدﻩﻫﺎﺗﻪ دﻩر.
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hîwâbiřâwî deﻫ ـﻴ ـﻮا\ ـ½اوی ; dûr distantدوور ; tamâshâ-kirdin to look atﺗ ـﻪ ﻣ ـﺎﺷ ـﺎ ‘ ـﺮدن hałﻫـﻪZـ²ان ; gayshtinà (ga-) to reachﮔـﻪIـﺸـ£ـ•ـﻪ )ﮔـﻪ( ; hargîz (+ neg.) neverﻫـﻪرﮔـﺰ ;spairÈ ‘arzـﻪرز ; sebar shadowﺳـ.ـyـﻪر ;³ nizim-bûn to descendـﺰم ﺑـﻮون ;biřrân la to part from
ﺧﺸـﺎن ;earth
ﺳ•Rـﻪ ; mâr snakeﻣـﺎر ; wak likeوﻩک ;< jâda roadـﺎدﻩ ; khishân to crawlـ
sînaـ ـ
ﺑـﻪرﻩو ;- piřtâw hasteـ½`و ;; mâshen carﻣـﺎﺷـ.ـﻦ drezh-bûn to stretch outدرzـﮋ ﺑـﻮون ;breast
;) firyâ-kawtin to come in time (+ subj. toﻓـﺮ €ﮐـﻪوoـﻦ ; baraw rû i opposite, towardرووی
shûshaﺷـﻮوﺷـﻪﺑـﻪﻧـﺪی ـ ـﭘRﺸـﻪوﻩ ; shûsh glassﺷـﻮوش ; kho lâ-dân to come to assistﺧـﯚ ﻻ دان8ت و ﭘ ـﻪت ; sirawândin la to collide withﴎﻩواﻧ ـﺪن band i peshawa front windshield; 8
po dust; ™ bâﭘـــــﯚ ; pař featherﭘـــــﻪڕ ; lat u pat bûn to be smashed to smithereensﺑـــــﻮون
ba je mân to remain behind.ﺑﻪ ﺟ‚ ﻣﺎن ; diłop dropدZﯚپ ; tanyâ onlyﺗﻪﻧﻴﺎ ;wind
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qałamﻗـﻪZـﻪم ; tey’â) bû there wasـ ـﺗ).ـﺎ =( tyâـﺗﻴـﺎ ﺑـﻮو ; shâ‘îr poetﺷـﺎÈـﲑ ;c nâw insideو
daftarدﻩﻓ±ــﻪر ; qûn i qałam butt of a pencilﻗـﻮوﱏ ﻗـﻪ8م ; shikândin to breakﺷـﲀﻧـﺪن ;pencil
ﭘـــﲑۆز ;³ nizimâî ignoblenessـــﺰﻣـــﺎﱙ ; marg deathﻣـــﻪرگ ;>™ bâkhał breastـــﻪڵ ;notebook
râzânawa to be adorned.رازاﻧﻪوﻩ ; agarchî even ifﺋﻪﮔﻪرﭼﯽ ;piroz victory
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< janـﻪ ـ³ﮕـﻪڵ ; qadîm oldenﻗـﻪدﱘ ; zamân timeزﻩﻣـﺎن ; tambał lazyﺗـﻪﻣyــﻪڵ ; rewî foxرeـﻮیژ€ن ; ba tanî aloneﺑ ـﻪ ﺗ ـﻪﱏ ; dâr treeدار ; - piř la full ofـ½ sawz green; 8ﺳ ـﻪوز ;gał forest
nustinﻧــﻮﺳــﱳ )ﻧــﻮو( ;> khawkhawî sleepy-headــﻪو>ــﻪوی ; mâm uncleﻣــﺎم ;zhyân to live
;‘ kun holeـﻮن ; dawr u bar surroundingsدﻩور و ﺑـﻪر ; âgâ la aware ofﺋـwﮔـﺎ (nû-) to sleep; 8
hâtinà dar la to come out of.ﻫﺎﺗﻨﻪ دﻩر 8
102
READINGS
ﺋ{ــﻮارﻩﯾـﻪﰽ ﻛـﻪ \ـﺮﺳ.ــﱴ ﻫ.ــﺮﳽ ﺑـﯚ ﻫـ{ﻨــﺎ q 8ـﻮن ﻫـﺎﺗـﻪ دﻩر 8 .ﻧ{ــﻮ <ـﻪ ـ³ﮕـﻪZـﺪا دﻩﺳ,ـﱴ
qـﺮد ﺑـﻪ ﻣـﻞ و ﻣـﯚ qـﺮدن- 8 .ـ½ ﮔـﻮeـ¬ﻰ 8دﻩ³ـﮕـﻰ ﭘـ.ـ)ـﻪك ﺑـﻮو .ﺳـﻪرى ﻫـﻪZـ{ـﻨـﺎ ،دﯾـﱴ
راوﭼـﻰﯾـﻪك ﻫـ ـ{ﻨـﺪﻩى ﻧـﻪﻣـﺎوﻩ ـ ـﺑﻴﮕـﺎ•o 8 .ـﺮﺳـﺎن و 8ﺗـﻪﻣyــﻪ ـZﻴـﺎن ﻧـﻪ ـﯾﺘـﻮاﱏ را \ـﲀ .ـﻓﻜـﺮى
ﺸ,ﺘـﻪ
qـﺮدﻩوﻩ و ﮔـﯚﰏ »وا ™ﺷـﻪ ﺧـﯚم ﲟـﺮeـﲌ.> «.ــﺮا ر Ðـæﺸـﺎ و ﺧـﯚى ﻣـﺮاﻧـﺪ .راوﭼـﻰ ﮔـﻪIـ ــ
ﺴ,ﺘـﺎ ﻛـﻪوZـﻢ
ﺳـﻪرى .ﻧـﻮوﻛـﻪ ﺷـﻪ ـﭘ{ـﲃ • qـﻮ` و ﮔـﯚﰏ »Éـﻪﯾـﻒ ،ﺗـﯚ ـﭘﻴـﻮﻩ .دﻩ ،cﻫـﻪر ﺋ.ــ ــ
دﻩqـﺮد «.دواﯾـﻪ /ـﻪﻗـﯚﯾـﻪﰽ ﺗـéى دﻩرﻫـ{ﻨــﺎ و ﺑـﯚ €دﮔـﺎر ﻫـﻪر دووك ﮔـﻮeـ¬ﻰ \ـ½ى و ﺑـﻪ ﺟgــ¬ﻰ
ﻫ.ﺸـﺖ .ﻣـﺎم رeـﻮى ﺋ.ــﴙ زۆر ﭘـ¬‚ ﮔـﻪ ـIﺸـﺖ ،ﺑـﻪmم ﺟـﻮوZـﻪى ﻧـﻪqـﺮد 8 .دZـﻰ ﺧـﯚىدا
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ﮔﯚﰏ »ﻫﻪر ﻧﻪﻣﺮم ،ﮔﻮkﺸﻢ ﻧﻪ ،bﻗﻪﯾﺪێ cﰷ«.
راوﭼـﻰ ﻫـﻪوﻩZـﻰ ﻫـ{ﻨــﺪﻩ دوور ﻧـﻪﻛـﻪوﺗﺒــﻮوﻩ ،راوﭼـﻰﯾـﻪﰽ د ـtﻜـﻪى ﮔـﻪIـﺸـ,ﺘــﻪ ﺳـﻪر .ﻣـﺎم
رeـﻮى د ـIﺴـﺎن ﺧـﯚى ﻣـﺮاﻧـﺪ و /ـﺎوى ﻫـﻪZﻨــﻪﻫـ{ﻨــﺎن .ﰷ\ـﺮاى راوﭼـﻰ دﻩﺳg£ـــﲃ ﺑـﻪ ـêﺸ,ــﱴدا
ﻫـ{ﻨــﺎ و ﮔـﯚﰏ »Éـﻪﯾـﻒ ،ﺋـﻪو رeـﻮىﯾـﻪ ﺗـﯚﭘﻴــﻮﻩ .ﮔـﻮeـ¬ﻰ \ـ½اوﻩ «.ﺋـﻪوIـﺶ /ـﻪﻗـﯚى دﻩرeﻨــﺎ و
ﯾﻘgـ ،xﺑـﻪmم ﻫـﻪر
ﳇـﲃ ـﺧﺸـﺖ \ـ½ى .ﻣـﺎم رeـﻮى ` 8و ـﺋ.ـﺶ و ﺋـﺎزار وﻩﺧـﺖ ﺑـﻮو \ـﺰـ ـ
ﭼﯚﻧ{ﻚ ﺑﻮو ﺧﯚى رÐﮔﺮت و ﺟﻮوZﻪى ﻧﻪqﺮد .ﰷ\ﺮا ﳇﲃ ﻫﻪZﮕﺮت و رۆIﺸﺖ.
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mił u mo kirdin to sniff around forﻣـ´ و ﻣـﯚ ‘ـﺮدن ; dast-kirdin ba to startدﻩﺳـﺖ ‘ـﺮدن ﺑـﻪ
ﻬ{ﻨـﺎن ;) pe foot(stepﭘـ¬‚ ; dang soundدﻩ³ـﮓ ;- 8 la piř all of a suddenـ½ ;food
sarﺳـﻪر ﻫـﻪZـ ـ ـ
ـــﺪﻩ ﻧـﻪﻣـﺎوﻩ ;hał-henân to raise the head
biygâtèــﺑﻴﮕـﺎ• ; henda namâwa (+ subj.) almostﻫ{ﻨ
ﺗـﻮاﻧـﲔ )ﺗـﻮان( ; 8 la tambałîân out of lazinessﺗـﻪﻣyــﻪ ـZﻴـﺎن ;o 8 la tirsân in frightـﺮﺳـﺎن ;see §35
fikrﻓـــﮑـــﺮ ‘ـــﺮدﻧـــﻪوﻩ ; râ-kirdin to run awayر‘Ðـــﺮدن ;)twânîn (twân-) to be able (see §21 râ-kishân toرëÐـــﺸـــﺎن ; kho mirândin to play ’possumﺧـــﯚ ﻣـــﺮاﻧـــﺪن ;kirdinawa to think
ﺗ{ﮑـﻮ`ن ;stretch out
É ḥayf tooـﻪﯾـﻒ ; nûk a shap te-kutân to give a sharp kickﻧـﻮوﮐـﻪ ﺷـﻪپ ـ ـ
ﮐـــﻪوڵ ‘ـــﺮدن ; danâ otherwiseدﻩ topîn to be dead (of animals); cﺗـــﯚﭘـــﲔ ;bad, what a pity
.ﺴ,ﺘـﺎ ;kawł-kirdin to skin
;/ chaqo knifeـﻪﻗـﯚ ; dwâya thenدواﯾـﻪ ; har estâ right nowﻫـﻪر ﺋــ ــ
\ biřîn to cutـ½tـﻦ ;€ yâdgâr souvenirدﮔـﺎر ; dar-henân to take outدﻩرﻫـ{ـﻨـﺎن ; tîzh sharpﺗـé
ﻫ.ﺸـﱳ )ﻫ{ــ´( ;off
jûłaﺟـﻮوZـﻪ ‘ـﺮدن ; esh painﺋ.ــﺶ ; ba je heshtin (heł-) to leave aloneﺑـﻪ ﺟـ‚ ــ qaydèﻗـﻪﯾـﺪێ cﰷ ; 8 la dił i kho’dâ gotin to say to oneselfدZـﯽ ﺧـﯚدا ﮔـﯚoـﻦ ;kirdin to budge
nâkâ it doesn’t matter.
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/ châwـﺎو ; dîka otherد ـtﮑـﻪ ; dûr-kawtinawa to go farدوور ﮐـﻪوﺗﻨــﻪوﻩ ; hawałî firstﻫـﻪوﻩZـﯽ
ـــﺎن ;eye
; kilk tailﳇـﮏ ;\ biřrân to be cut offـ½ان ;/ châw hał-henân to lift the eyesـﺎو ﻫـﻪZـﻬ{ﻨ
زﯾـﻘـﺎﻧـﺪن ; wakht bû (+ subj.) almostوﻩﺧـﺖ ﺑـﻮو ; ` tâ u esh u âzâr sharp painو ﺋـ.ـﺶ و ﺋـﺎزار
hałﻫ ـﻪ Zـﮕ ـﺮ oـﻦ ; har chonèk bû somehow or otherﻫ ـﻪر ﭼ ـﯚﻧ ـ{ ـﮏ ﺑ ـﻮو ;zîqândin to screamgirtin to take.
103
SORANI KURDISH
رeـﻮى ﮔـﯚﰏ »ﳇـﻚ و ﮔـﻮeـﻢ \ـ½اوﻩ ،ﺑـﻪmم /ـﺎﻧﻴــﻪ زﯾﻨــﺪووم 8 «.ﺑـﻪر ﺗـﻪﻣـﻪZـﻰ 8ﺟgــ¬ﻰ
ﺳ,ﺘـﺎ و ﻫـﻪروا 8وێ ـﲣ{ـ´ ﺑـﻮو .ﰷ\ـﺮاى ﳇـﻚ\ـ½ زۆر دوور ﻧـﻪﻛـﻪوـﺗﺒـﻮوﻩ ﻛـﻪ
ﺧـﯚى ﻫـﻪ ـZﻨـﻪ ــ
دوو راوﭼـﻰ د ـtﻜـﻪ ﭘـﻪﯾـﺪا ﺑـﻮون .ﻫـﺎﺗﻨــﻪ ﺳـﻪر ﻣـﺎم رeـﻮى .ﯾـﻪqﻴــﺎن ﮔـﯚﰏ »Éـﻪﯾـﻒ ﺋـﻪو رeـﻮﯾﻴــﻪ
ﺗﯚﭘﻴﻮﻩ .ﳇﻚ و ﮔﻮ¬eﻰ \½اوﻩ .دﻩ ،cﻫﻪر ﺋ.ﺴ,ﺘﺎ ﻟ{ﲈن دﻩqﺮدﻧﻪوﻩ«.
ﺋـﻪوى د ـtﻜـﻪ€ن ﮔـﯚﰏ»دﻩى <ـﺎ ﳇـﻚ و ﮔـﻮeـ¬ﻰ \ـ½اوﻩ .ﺧـﯚ ﭘ.ــﺴ,ﺘـــﻪﻛـﻪى ﻣـﺎوﻩ .وﻩرﻩ
ﻛﻪوZﻰ ﻛﻪtﻦ«.
ﻣـﺎم رeـﻮى ﺗـﻪﻣyــﻪڵ ﻫـﻪرﻛـﻪ ﮔـﻮeـ¬ﻰ 8و ـﻗﺴـﺎﻧـﻪ ﺑـﻮو زاﱏ ـﺋﻴـﺪى ﰷرى ﺗـﻪواوﻩ .راﺳـﺖ
ﺑـﻮوﻩ و ﻫـﻪmت ،ﺑـﻪmم ﻫـ{ﻨــﺪﻩ دوور ﻧـﻪﻛـﻪوﺗﺒــﻮوﻩ ﻛـﻪ ﻛـﻪوﺗـﻪ ﺑـﻪر ﮔـﻮíى راوﭼـﻰﯾـﻪﰷن و 8
ﺗﯚز و ﺧﯚڵ ﮔﻪوزا.
ﻫﻴﭽـﻰ ﻧـﻪqـﺮد.
ﻫﻴﭽـﻰ ﻧـﻪqـﺮد .ـﳇﻜ)ــﺎن \ـ½ى ،ــ
ﺑـﻪZـ‚ ،ﻣـﺎم رeـﻮى ﺗـﻪﻣyــﻪڵ ،ﮔـﻮeﻴــﺎن \ـ½ى ،ــ
ﺋﺎﺧﺮIﺶ qﻮﺷ)£ﺎن! ﺋﻪرێ ،ﺋﻪﮔﻪر ﻣﺎم رeﻮى ﺗﻪﻣyﻪڵ ﻧﻪ™ ،ﺋﺎواى ﺑﻪ ﺳﻪر دﻩﻫﺎت؟
١
٢
) (۴ﺑﻮﻟﺒﻮل و ﺋ{ﻮارﻩى ﻣﺎﺗﻪم
ﺋﻪﻧﻮﻩر رﻩوﺷﻪن
g*eﻜ)ـﺎن دÐﮔـﺗﺮـﻮوﻩ.
ـﺋ{ـﻮارﻩﯾـﻪ ،د ـZﺘـﻪ ـ³ﮕـﻰ ،ﻛـﺰىb ،دﻩ ـ³ﮕـﻰ ،ﺑـﻪ <ـﺎرeـﻚ ﻫـﻪﻣـﻮو ﺷـﻮ ـ ـ ـ ـ
ﻫـﻪورzـﲃ «ـﻪﻣـﮕـ)ـﲎ ﺑـﻪﺳـﺎم ﺋـﺎﺳـﲈﱏ ﺷـRـﲎ bرﻩ³ـﮓ qـﺮدووﻩ و دﳝـﻪﱏ ﺋـ{ـﻮارﻩى
ﺷ,ﻴـﻮﻩ .ﺋـﺎﺳـﲈن «ـﻪﻣyــﺎرﻩ ،ﭼ)ــﺎ «ـﻪﻣyــﺎرﻩ ،دﻩﺷـﺖ و ﭘـ¬‚
ﻣـﺎﺗـﻪﻣـﺰﻩدﻩى ﺑـﻪ ﺗـﻪﱉ «ـﻪم داﭘـﯚ ــ
٣
١
= hałnastâﻫـﻪZﻨــﻪﺳـ,ﺘــﺎ ; tamałî lazinessﺗـﻪﻣـﻪZـﯽ ; zîndû aliveزﯾﻨــﺪوو ;/ châ niya at leastـﺎ ﻧﻴــﻪ
ﳇـﮑـ tikheł prostrate; ²ﲣـ{ـ´ ; hał-wastân to get upﻫـﻪZـﻮﻩﺳ ,ــﺘـﺎن ; hałnawastâﻫـﻪZـﻨـﻪوﻩﺳ ,ــﺘـﺎ
le-kirdinawa to skinﻟ{ﮑﺮدﻧﻪوﻩ ;kilkbiř tail-cutter
٢
îdîﺋـﻴـﺪی ;) wara come (imperativeوﻩرﻩ ; pest skinﭘـ.ـﺴـﺖ ; day jâ hey, c’monدﻩی <ـﺎ
ﻫـــﻪomـــﻦ ; râst-bûn to get upراﺳـــﺖ ﺑـــﻮون ; kârî tawâw a he’s done forﰷری ﺗـــﻪواوﻩ ;now
‘ gullaـﻮ kawtinà bar to encounter; íﮐـﻪوﺗﻨــﻪ ﺑـﻪر ; hał-hâtin to run awayﻫـﻪ ـZﻬـﺎoـﻦ = hałâtin
âkhirـﺋ ﺎﺧـﺮ ; bałe yesﺑـﻪZـ‚ ; gawzân to roll overﮔـﻪوزان ; khoł dirtﺧـﯚڵ ; toz dustـﺗ ﯚز ;bullet
ba sar hâtin to happen to.ﺑﻪ ﺳﻪر ﻫﺎoﻦ ; âwâ thusﺋﺎوا ; are yesﺋﻪرێ ;finally
» 8 ٣ﴎوﻩ« ٢٩-٢٨ :(١٣٧٠) ٧وﻩرﮔﲑاوﻩ.
This piece was written after the Baathist attack on Halabja with chemical weapons
in March, 1988.
104
READINGS
ﺑRﺴـﱰێ.
دﻩﺷـﺖ «ـﻪﻣyــﺎرﻩ .ﺗـﻪcﻧـﻪت ﺷـﻪﻗـﻪى ﺷـﺎ™Zـﻰ ™ZـﺪارﻩﰷﻧRــﺶ دﻩ ـ³ﮕـﻰ «ـﻪﱉ ﻟـ‚ دﻩ ــ
ﺳـ,ﭙــﺎى «ـﻪم و cﺋـﻮﻣgــﺪى ﻫـﻪﻣـﻮو وmﰏ دÐﮔـﲑ qـﺮدووﻩ .ﻫـﻪ`وى زtـﺰ و bﺗـﲔ <ـﺎر و ™ر 8
ﺳـﻮوﭼgــﲃ ﺋـﺎﺳـﲈﻧـﻪوﻩ 8ژzـﺮ رﻩﺷـﻪ ﻫـﻪورى ﺑـﻪﺳـﺎﻣـﻪوﻩ ﺧـﯚ دﻩﻧـﻮeـ ،xﺑـﻪmم ﻫـﻪور ﭘ.ــﴙ
ﭘـ¬‚ دﻩﮔـﺮێ و ﻛـéۆZـﻪى ﺟـﻮاﱏ ﻫـﻪ`و ﺗـﻮاcى ﺋـﻪوﻩى ـﻧﻴـﻪ ﺑـﻪرﮔـﻰ زzـ½ﯾـﲎ «ـﻪم ﮔـﺗﺮـﻮوى
ﺧﯚى ﺑﻪ زﯾﻨﻪوﻩراﱏ ﺳﻪرزﻩوى ﺑﻨﻮ.xe
ﺷـﻪو ﻧـﲒﯾـﻚ ﺑـﯚﺗـﻪوﻩ و ﻫـﻪ`و زۆر ﻫـﻪﺳـﺖ ﺑـﻪ ﺗـﻪﻧﻴــﺎﱙ دﻩﰷ؛ ﺧـﯚى 8ﺋـﻪوﯾﻨــﺪارﻩﰷﱏ
ـ ـﻟ{ﻜـ²او دﻩﺑRــx؛ \ـﺮﺳ,ــﱴ ﻧـﻪﻣـﺎوﻩ ﺑـﻪ دﻩرووﱏ -ـ½«ـﻪﻣـﻪوﻩ ﻫـﻪوZـﻰ ﺧـﯚ ﻧـﻮاﻧـﺪن دﻩدا ،ﺑـﻪmم
دIﺴﺎن ﻫﻪورى ﻣﻠﻬﻮڕ ﺑﻪرى دﻩﮔﺮێ.
ﻫـﻪورى رووﮔـﺮژ دﻩرووﱏ -ـ½ﻩ \ 8ـﺮtـﻦ و cﺳـﯚر؛ ﭘـﻪژارﻩى زۆرﻩ؛ ﻧ{ــﻮ/ـﺎواﱏ -ـ½ﻩ 8
/ﲑۆﰽ «ﻪم.
«ـﻪﱉ زﻩرد ﺑـﻮوﱏ ﮔـﻮ 8mو ﺑـﻪﯾﺒــﻮون ،ﺋ.ــﴙ ﺳRــﺲ ﺑـﻮوﱏ ﺷﻠﻠـــﲑ و ﻫـﻪZـﺰ و ﻫ.ــﺮۆ،
١
٢
٣
١
ﮐـﺰی ; diłtangî lonelinessدZﺘــﻪ ـ³ﮕـﯽ ; mâtam bereavementﻣـﺎﺗـﻪم ; bulbul nightingaleﺑـﻮﻟﺒــﻮل
dâدÐﮔـﺮoـﻦ ; ba jârèk all at onceﺑـﻪ <ـﺎرzـﮏ ; bedangî silenceﺑـ{ـﺪﻩ³ـﮕـﯽ ;kizî despondencyﺷـﲔ ; basâm terribleﺑـﻪﺳـﺎم ;« ghamgîn sadـﻪﻣـﮕـﲔ ; hawr cloudﻫـﻪور ;girtin to envelope
; dîman aspect, mienدﳝـــﻪن ; berang-kirdin to make colorlessﺑـــ.ـــﺮﻩ³ـــﮓ ‘ـــﺮدن ;shîn blue
dâداﭘـﯚﺷـﲔ ;« gham griefـﻪم ; tam mistـﺗ ﻪم ; mâtamzada bereaved, in mourningﻣـﺎﺗـﻪﻣـﺰﻩدﻩـﭘ{ـﺪﻩﺷـﺖ ; chyâ mountainﭼ)ــﺎ ;« ghambâr raining down griefـﻪﻣyــﺎر ;poshîn to cover over
shaq rustle of a bird’s wing inﺷـــــﻪق ; tanânat especiallyﺗـــــﻪcﻧـــــﻪت ;pedasht foothills
ﺑRﺴـﱰان ;Z™ bałdâr birdـﺪار ; shâbâł wingﺷـﺎ™ڵ ;flight
sipâ army,ﺳ,ﭙـــﺎ ; bîstrân to be heardــ
dâgîr-kirdin toدÐﮔـﲑ ‘ـﺮدن ;c nâumedî despair, hopelessnessﺋـﻮﻣgــﺪی ;« gham griefـﻪم ;host
< jâr u bârـﺎر و ™ر ; betîn weakﺑ ـ{ ـ £ـﲔ ; zîz unhappy, angryز tـﺰ ; hatâw sunﻫ ـﻪ`و ;invade
kho nwândin to showﺧـــﯚ ﻧـــﻮاﻧـــﺪن ; rash blackرﻩش ; sûch cornerﺳـــﻮوچ ;now and again
ﺟـﻮان ; kîzhoła young girlﮐـéۆZـﻪ ; pesh-girtin ba to get in front ofﭘـ.ـﺶ ﮔـﺮoـﻦ ﺑـﻪ ;oneself
«ـــﻪﻣـــﮕـــﺗﺮـــﻮو ; zeřîn goldenزzـــ½tـــﻦ ; barg raimentﺑـــﻪرگ ; twânâ powerﺗـــﻮاjwân pretty; c
ﻧــﻮاﻧــﺪن ; sarzawî the earthﺳــﻪرزﻩوی ; zînawar living thingزﯾــﻨــﻪوﻩر ;ghamgirtû bereaved
nwândin to show.
٢
hastﻫـﻪﺳـﺖ ‘ـﺮدن ﺑـﻪ ;) bûwatawa (see §42ﺑـﻮوﻩﺗـﻪوﻩ = botawaﺑـﯚﺗـﻪوﻩ ; nîzîk nearﻧـﲒtـﮏﻟ{ﮑـ²او ; awîndâr loverﺋـﻪو ـﯾﻨـﺪار ; tanyâî lonelinessـﺗ ﻪ ـﻧﻴـﺎﱙ ;kirdin ba to feel
lekbiřrâw cutـ ـ
hawłﻫـﻪوZـﺪان ;- piřgham full of griefـ½«ـﻪم ; darûn interiorدﻩروون ;\ biřist forceـ½ﺳـﺖ ;off bar-girtin to block.ﺑﻪرﮔﺮoﻦ ; milhuř bullyﻣﻠﻬﻮڕ ;dân to try
٣
pazhâraﭘــﻪژارﻩ ;c nâsor infectionﺳــﯚر ;\ birîn woundــﺮtــﻦ ; rûgirzh frowningرووﮔــﺮژ
newchâwân forehead.ﻧ{ﻮ/ﺎوان ;sorrow
105
SORANI KURDISH
دڕ ﺪﻩ ﺑـﻪﻋـﴗﯾـﻪﰷﻧـﻪوﻩ ،زtـﺰ و ﻣـﻞﻛـﻪچ >ـﻪرtـﲃ ـﮔﻴـﺎن
ﻛـﻪ ﺑـﻪ ﻫـﯚى /ـﻪﰽ ـ)qــ ـﻤﻴـﺎوى ـﻧ
ﺋﻪﺳ,ﭙﺎرد³ﻦ.
ﻫـﻪم و ﺗـﻪﱉ ﻧـ{ـﻮ/ـﺎواﱏ ﻫـﻪورى روو`ڵ /ـﲑۆﰽ زۆرى دﻩﮔـ.ـ½اوﻩ .داﺳـ,ـﺘـﺎﱏ
ﺑـﻪﻫـﺎرzـﲃ ™س دﻩqـﺮد ﻛـﻪ ﺑـﯚ ﮔـﻮmﱏ `زﻩ ﺷـﲔ ﺑـﻮوى ﻛ{ــﻮ و دﻩﺷ,ﺘـــﻪﰷن ﺑﺒــﻮو ﺑـﻪ وﻩرزى
>ـﻪزان ،وﻩرزى ﺗﻴــﺎﭼـﻮون و ﻧـﻪﻣـﺎن .ﺗﻴــﺎﭼـﻮوﱏ cزﻻوان و ﻧـﻪﻣـﺎﱏ ژ€ن ﺑـﯚ ﮔﻴــﺎن 8ﺑـﻪراﱏ
qـﻮردﺳـ,ﺘــﺎن .ﺑـﻮﻟﺒــﻮﻟ{ــﲃ «ـﻪﻣyــﺎر ﺑـﻪ دﯾ£ــﲎ ﺋـﻪم ﻫـﻪﻣـﻮو ﭘـﻪژارﻩﯾـﻪ qـﻮZـﻰ دZـﻰ ﻛـﻪوﺗـﻪ ﺧـﻮرۆﺷـﲔ،
8ﮔـﻪرووﻩ ـöﻜـﯚ mـﻧ ﻪﻛـﻪﯾـﻪوﻩ ﺑـﻪ دﻩ ـ³ﮕـﻰ ﺧـﯚﳽ -ـ½ « 8ـﻪﻣـﻪوﻩ ﻛـﻪوﺗـﻪ ﺧـﻮ ـeﻨـﺪن .ﻫـﻪر
دﻩ ـ³ﮕgــﲃ ،ﺋـﺎﻫـﻪ ـ³ﮕـﻰ ﺷ,ــﻴ*gـــﲃ دﻩﮔ.ــ½ا ،دﻩ ـ³ﮕـﻰ ﺧـﯚﳽ ﺳـﻪ ـﻣﻔـﯚﱏﯾـﻪﰽ ﺑـﻪرز ﺑـﻮو ﻛـﻪ ﺑـﯚ
دﳝـﻪﱏ ﺷـﺎﻧـﯚى ـﺋ{ـﻮارﻩى «ـﻪم ﺑـ·و دﻩﺑـﻮوﻩ .ﺟـﺮﯾـﻮﻩى ﺧـﯚﳽ ﺑـﻮـﻟﺒـﻮل 8ﭼ)ــﺎ و دۆڵ8 ،
دﻩﺷـﺖ و ﺋـﺎﺳـﲈن> 8 ،ـﺎﻧـﻮوﻩ `رـtﻜـﻪﰷن دﻩ ـ³ﮕـﻰ دﻩداﯾـﻪوﻩ .ﺋـﺎﻫـﻪ ـ³ﮕـﻰ ﺑـﻮﻟﺒــﻮل ﻫـ{ﻨــﺪﻩ ﺑﻠﻨـــﺪ
³ﮕgـﻚ ﻛـﻪ
ﺸ,ﺘـﻪ ﮔـﻮeـ¬ﻰ ﻫـﻪورى «ـﻪ ـﻣyـﺎر .دﻩ ـ ـ
ﺑـﻮو ﻛـﻪ دﻩ ـ³ﮕـﻰ ﺧـﯚﳽ -ـ½ ـ
ﺷRـﲎ دﻩﮔـﻪIـ ــ
ﻫـﻪZﺒــﻪﺳ,ـﱴ ﺧـﯚش و دZﺘــﻪزeـﲎ دﻩﮔـﯚت ﺑـﯚ دﻩﺷـﺖ و ﭼ)ــﺎ ،ﺑـﯚ ﻫـﻪ`و و ﺋـﺎﺳـﲈن ،ﺑـﯚ ﮔـﮋ و
ـﮔﻴـﺎى زﻩرد ﻫـﻪ ـZﮕـﻪڕاوى ﺷـﺎ>ـﻪﰷن ،ﺑـﯚ ـﮔﻴـﺎنﻛـﻪ ـ›ﺸ,ــﱴ ـﻣ•ـﺪاmن و `زﻩﻻوان و ژcﱏ
`bوان.
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sîs-bûn toﺳRــﺲ ﺑـﻮون ; baybûn camomileﺑـﻪﯾﺒــﻮون ; gułâła tulipﮔـﻮ zard yellow; 8mزﻩرد
ﻫـ.ـﺮۆ ; hałiz a plant with needle-like leavesﻫـﻪZـﲒ ; shiller a type of tulipﺷـﻠـﻠـ.ـﺮ ;wither
دڕـﺪﻩ ;‘ kîmîâwî chemicalـ)ــﻤـﻴـﺎوی ;/ chak weaponـﻪک ;hero marshmallow
diřinda savﻧﮔﻴــﺎن ﺋـﻪﺳـ,ﭙــﺎردن ; milkach with bowed headﻣـﻞﮐـﻪچ ; zîz angryزtـﺰ ; ba‘sî Baathistﺑـﻪﻋـﴗ ;age
gyân-aspârdin to give up one’s life.
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/ chîrok geřân toـﲑۆک ـﮔ.ـ½ان ; rûtâł frowningروو`ڵ ; ham u tam dark cloudﻫـﻪم و ﺗـﻪم
ﮔـﻮڵ ; dâstân bâs-kirdin to tell a storyداﺳـ,ـﺘـﺎن ™س ‘ـﺮدن ; bahâr springﺑـﻪﻫـﺎر ;tell a story
وﻩرزی > ـﻪزان ;) shîn-bûn to be green (of vegetationﺷ ـﲔ ﺑ ـﻮون ;` tâza freshزﻩ ;guł flower
namân to cease toـﻧ ﻪﻣـﺎن ; tyâ-chûn to go awayـﺑﻴـﺎ ﭼـﻮون ;warz i khazân autumn harvest
8 la barân i throughout theﺑــــــــــــﻪراﱏ ;c nâzlâw tender shootزﻻو ;exist, to be no more
khuroshîn to scream, cryﺧـــﻮرۆﺷـــﲔ ; dił heartدڵ ;‘ kuł rageـــﻮڵ ;length and breadth of
öﮑـﯚڵ ; garû throatﮔـﻪروو ;out
ﮐـﻪوﺗﻨــﻪ ; dang-khwendin to singدﻩ³ـﮓ ﺧـﻮeﻨــﺪن ; bichkoł infantـ
âhang-geřân toﺋــﺎﻫــﻪ³ــﮓ ﮔــøان ; har …èk everyﻫــﻪر …zــﮏ ;kawtinà (+ inf.) to start to
ﺑ ـﻪرز ; samfonî symphonyﺳ ـﻪﻣ ـﻔ ـﯚﱏ ; khosh pleasantﺧ ـﯚش ; shîn lamentﺷ ـﲔ ;sing a tune
; biłâw-bûn to be broadcastﺑـ·و ﺑـﻮون ; shâno stageﺷـﺎﻧـﯚ ; barz-bûn to arise, be loudﺑـﻮون
bilindﺑ ـﻠ ـﻨ ـﺪ ;` târîk darkر tـﮏ ; > khânû homeـﺎﻧ ـﻮو ; doł valleyدۆڵ ; jirîwa cooingﭼ ـﺮﯾ ـﻮﻩ
khosh happy, comeﺧـﯚش ; hałbastî poetryﻫـﻪZﺒــﻪﺳ,ــﱴ ;- piřshîn full of lamentـ½ﺷـﲔ ;loud106
READINGS
Zcـﻪى ﺑـﻮ ـﻟﺒـﻮل ﰷرى qـﺮدﻩ ﺳـﻪر ﻫـﻪور ،و cﺳـﯚرى دﻩرووﱏ ـﺗ ﻪﺷـﻪq cـﺮدc 8 .ﰷو
ﴍﳜـﺎﻧـﺪى و ﺑـﻪ زﮔـﻪ ³ـﺮﻛـﻪوﻩ - 8ـ½ﻣـﻪى ﮔـﺮ€ﱏدا و ﺑـﻪ ﺧـﻮڕ ﺋـﻪﴎﯾـﲎ دا™راﻧـﺪ ،ﺋـﻪﴎtـﻦ ﺑـﯚ
ﺷ,ﺘـﻪ ﺟـﻮا ـﻧ ﻪ` .وێ ™ران ـﻧ ﻪ\ـ½اﯾـﻪوﻩ،
ﺋـﻪو ﺷـﺎﻧـﯚﯾـﻪ ،ﺑـﯚ ـﺗﻴـﺎﭼـﻮوﱏ ﺑـﻪ `bواﱏ ﺋـﻪو ﴎو ــ
دﻩ ـ³ﮕـﻰ ﺑـﻮﻟﺒــﻮل ﻧـﻪqـﻮوژاﯾـﻪوﻩ .ﺋـﻪو دﻩ ـ³ﮕـﻪى 8ﮔـﻪڵ ﺋـﻪوﻩﯾـﺪا ﻛـﻪ ﭘـﻪژارﻩى ﻟـ‚ دﻩ™رێ ،ﺑـﻪmم
ﺳ,ﺘـﻪو ﺋـﻪﻧژـﯚ داﻣـﻪ ــﻧRﺸـﻦ! ﻫـﻪر/ـﻪﻧـﺪ «ـﻪم زۆرﻩ،
ـ½ 8ـﻫﻴـﻮا و ﺋـﺎﻣـﺎﱋ ﺑـﻮو .دﻩ ـtﮕـﯚت :دﻩ ــوﻩرن ™ ﭘ{ﻜﻪوﻩ دIﺴﺎن ﺑﻪﻫﺎرzﲃ ﻧﻮێ 8 ½-ﺧﯚﳽ و ﺳﻪرﺑﻪﺳ,ﱴ ﺑﻪ دى ﺑ{*ﲔ.
ﻫـﻪور ﻫـ ـ{ﻨـﺪﻩ ﮔـﺮ €و ﺋـﻪﴎﯾـﲎ دا™راﻧـﺪ؛ ﺑـﻮـﻟﺒـﻮﻟRــﺶ ﻫـ ـ{ﻨـﺪﻩى ﺧـﻮ ـeﻨـﺪ ` >ـﻪﱉ 8
ﺷ,ﺘـﻪوﻩ ،ـﻧ{ـﻮ/ـﺎواﱏ
ﻫـﻪﻣـﻮو دmن `راﻧـﺪ™ .ران ،ژارى ﻣـﻪرﮔـﻰ 8دۆڵ و ﭼ)ــﺎ و ﻟ.ــﺮﻩ وار ــ
ـــﻮ ﮔـﻪواڵ ﮔـﻪواڵ ﺑـﻮو .ﺋـﺎﺳـﲈﱏ ﺷـﲔ د ـIﺴـﺎن دﻩرﻛـﻪوت.
ﻫـﻪور qـﺮاﯾـﻪوﻩ و ﺑـﻪ رﻩ ـ³ﮕـﻰ ﺳ)û
ـﻫﻴـﻮا و ﺷـﺎدﱙ ﻟـ‚ دﻩ™رێ .ﻫـﻪ`و ﺑـﯚ <ـﺎرzـﲃ د ـtﻜـﻪ 8و ـﺋ{ـﻮارﻩﯾـﻪدا ﺑـﻪ ﺗ•Rـــﻪوﻩ ــﺗRﺸـﲃ
زzـ½ﯾـﲎ ﺧـﯚى ،ﻛـﻪ -ـ½ﻩ 8ﺷـﺎدى ،ﺑـﻪﺳـﻪر ـﺟﳱـﺎﻧـﺪا ﺑـ·و دﻩﰷﺗـﻪوﻩ و ﺑـﻪرﮔـﻰ د ـZﺘـﻪ ـ³ﮕـﻰ
دادﻩر .œﻫـﻪﻣـﻮو ﮔﻴــﺎن8ﺑـﻪران ﺑـﻪو ﮔـﺰـ³ﮕـﻪ ﺟـﻮاﻧـﻪ دﻩﺑـﻮوژeﻨــﻪوﻩ و دﻩﻛـﻪوﻧـﻪ ﺧـﯚ رازاﻧـﺪﻧـﻪوﻩ
` د ـIﺴـﺎن ﺑﻨــﺎ«ـﻪى ﺑـﻪﻫـﺎرzـﲃ ﺷـﺎد و -ـ½ ﮔـﻮڵ و وﻩرزﻩﯾـﻪﰽ ﺧـﯚش ﺑـﯚ ژ€ن دا\ـﺮzـﮋن .ﺑـﯚ
<ـﺎرzـﲃ د ـtﻜـﻪ ﴎوﺷـﺖ 8د ـZﺘـﻪ ـ³ﮕـﻰ و ﻛـﺰى وﻩ دﻩر ﻫـﺎت .دﻩﺷـﺖ و دۆڵ و ـﭼ)ـﺎ و
ﺋـﺎﺳـﲈن 8دواﺳـﺎﰏ ﺋـﻪو رۆژﻩدا ﺑـﻪ دﻩ ـ³ﮕـﻰ \ـﺰو ـeﻨـﻪرى ﺑـﻮـﻟﺒـﻮل ﺑـﻪرﮔـﻰ ـﻫﻴـﻮا و ﺷـﺎد ـﯾﻴـﺎن
qـﺮدﻩوﻩ ﺑـﻪر ،و ﺷـﺎن ﺑـﻪﺷـﺎﱏ ﺋـﻪو ™Zﻨــﺪﻩ دﻩ³ـﮓﺧـﯚﺷـﻪ ـöﻜـﯚZـﻪ دڵ -ـ½ 8ﻫﻴــﻮاﯾـﻪ ﻛـﻪوﺗﻨــﻪ
ﺧـﻮ ـeﻨـﺪﱏ ﴎوودى ﺷـﺎدى و ﺋـﻪوtـﻦ ،ﴎوودى ـﻫﻴـﻮا ﺑـﯚ ﮔـﻪ ـIﺸ£ــﲎ دو™رﻩى ﺑـﻪﻫـﺎرى
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zardزﻩردﻫـﻪ ـZﮕـﻪڕاو ; gizh u giyâ plants and vegetationﮔـﮋ و ﮔﻴــﺎ ; diłtazen tragicدZﺘــﻪزzـﻦ ;dic; mindâł childﻣ•ــﺪاڵ ; gyânkanisht the moment of deathـﮔﻴـﺎ ـ³ﮑـﻪ ـ›ﺸـﺖ ;hałgařâw yellowed
betâwân innocent.ﺑ±.ﺎوان ; zhin womanژن ;` tâzalâw adolescentزﻩﻻو
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tashanâ-kirdin toﺗ ـﻪﺷ ـﻪ ‘ cـﺮدن ; kâr-kirdinà sar to affectﰷر ‘ ـﺮدﻧ ـﻪ ﺳ ـﻪر ; Zc nâła wailـﻪ
³ nirkaـﺮﮐـﻪ ; zig bellyزگ ; shîrîkhândin to roarﺷـﲑﳜـﺎﻧـﺪن ;c 8 la nâkâw suddenlyﰷو ;heal
; asrîn tearﺋــﻪﴎtــﻦ ; khuř floodﺧــﻮڕ ; giryân to cryﮔــﺮ€ن ;- piřma snivelــ½ﻣــﻪ ;rumbling
;\ biřrânawa to stopـ½اﻧـﻪوﻩ ;` tâwè bârân a torrent of rainوێ ™ران ; sirusht natureﴎوﺷـﺖ
âmânjﺋــﺎﻣــﺎﱋ ; hîwâ hopeﻫــﻴــﻮا ;™ bârîn to rain downرtــﻦ ;‘ kûzhânawa to ceaseــﻮوژاﻧــﻪوﻩ
ﻧRﺸـﱳ ;aspiration
harchand noﻫـﻪر/ـﻪﻧـﺪ ; dastaw azhno dâ-nîshtin to grieveدﻩﺳـ,ﺘــﻪو ﺋـﻪﻧژـﯚ دا ــ
ﺧــﯚﳽ ; nwe newﻧــﻮێ ; pekawa togetherﭘــ{ــﮑــﻪوﻩ ; warin comeوﻩرن ;matter how much
ba je henân to bring forth.ﺑﻪ ﺟ‚ ﻫ{ﻨﺎن ; sarbastî freedomﺳﻪرﺑﻪﺳ,ﱴ ;khoshî happiness
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SORANI KURDISH
.ﻦtژ
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( ﮔﺎﺷﻪ ﺑﻪرد۵)
ﺸﺎæ8<ﻪﻻل ﻣﻪ
ـﲃz ﮔـﺎﺷـﻪ ﺑـﻪرد.ﻜـﻪوﺗﺒــﻮوZﮔﭽﻜـﻪ ﻫـﻪ ـ
ـﲃ ـ ـz ﮔـﻮﻧـﺪ،ـﲎ ﭼ)ــﺎﯾـﻪﰽ ﺑـﻪرز و ﺳـﻪرﻛـﻪﺷـﺪاe داو8
ـﻮو زۆرﺑـﻪى ﮔـﻮﻧـﺪﻩﰷﱏqـﻪﰷن وﻩZـﺰى ﻣـﺎt ر.ـ½واﱏtزﻩﻻم و زﻩﺑـﻪﻻح ﺑـﻪ ﺳـﻪر ﮔـﻮﻧـﺪﻩﻛـﻪدا دﻩ
.ـﺮ ﺑـﻮوo {ــﲃZـﻪوﺷـﻪى ﻣـﺎÉ {ــﻚZ ﺳـﻪر™ﱏ ﻫـﻪر ﻣـﺎ.ـﺮاﺑـﻮونq ‚ ﺳـﻪر ﯾـﻪك ﭼـ8 ،ـــﺎن
ﺘ,ـﺴkـﻮq
…ﺮاوq ﺑﻪرد ﺳﺎز8 ﻫﻪﻣﻮو ﯾﻪك ﳖﯚﱉ و
ـﻪ و/ ﻣـﻮو8 ،ـﺎن/وb ،ﮕـﺪاﻧـﻪوﻩ ﻫـﻪ` ﺧـﯚرﺋـﺎوا³ ﻣـﻪﻻ™ ـ8 ـﲃ ﮔـﻮﻧـﺪZ ﺑﻨــﺎرى ﭼ)ــﺎدا >ـﻪ8
ن€ﱏ ﺧـﯚ€ﱏ ژm ﺳـﻪر زﻩوﯾـﲎ ﺑـﻪردﻩ8 ـﺎرﻩﻗـ)ـﺎن دﻩڕﺷـﺖ وÈ ،ـﻴـﺎن دﻩداZﻣـﻪزرا ﻫـﻪو
ـﺮدﻩوﻩ و ﺋـﺎﺳـﯚى ﺑـﲑ وq ـﻫﻴـﭻ ﻧـﻪدﻩ8 ن€ ﺑـﲑ، ـﺋﻴـﱰ ـﺟﮕـﻪ ﰷر و ﰷر و ﰷر.ـﻮﻩ دﻩ\ـﺮدeﺑـﻪر
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€ ﮔـﺮgiryâ weeping; دا™راﻧـﺪنdâ-bârândin to rain down (trs.); >ـﻪمkham grief; `راﻧـﺪن
târândin to drive away; ژارzhâr poison; ــــــ•ــــــﻪوﻩ£ وارﺷــــــwâ-rishtinawa to wash away;
ـﺎوان ‘ـﺮا ـﻧ ﻪوﻩ/ ـﻧ{ـﻮnewchâwân kirânawa for a forehead to be smoothed; ـﮓ³ رﻩrang color;
ـ)ـﻮû ﺳـspîw white; ﮔـﻪواڵ ﮔـﻪواڵgawâł-gawâł wispy; ﺷـﺎدیshâdî rejoicing; ™رانbârân to
rain (int.); ـ•ـﻪوﻩR ﺑـﻪ ﺗـba tînawa powerfully; ـﺸـﮏR ﺗـtîshk ray; ـﻦt½ـz زzeřîn golden; ﺟـﳱـﺎن
jîhân the world; ﺑــ·و ‘ــﺮدﻧــﻪوﻩbiłâw-kirdinawa to spread; نc دارdâ-rinân to shed (skin,
clothes); ﺑــﻪر8 ﮔــﻴــﺎنgyânlabar living thing; ــﮓ³ ﮔــﺰgizing first rays of dawn; ﺑــﻮوژاﻧــﻪوﻩ
bûzhânawa to flourish; ﺧ ـﯚ رازاﻧ ـﺪﻧ ـﻪوﻩkho râzândinawa to bedeck onself; ﺑ ـﻨ ـﺎ« ـﻪ دارﺷ ـﱳ
(ـﮋz )رbinâgha dâ-rishtin (rezh-) to lay a foundation; ﺷـﺎدshâd happy; وﻩرزﻩwarza harvest; 8 ـﻦo وﻩ دﻩر ﻫ ـﺎwa dar hâtin la to emerge from; دواﺳ ـﺎتdwâsât aftermath; ـﻨ ـﻪرe\ ـﺰو
bizwenar warbling; ‘ـﺮد ـﻧ ﻪوﻩ ﺑـﻪرkirdinawa bar to put on (clothing); ﺷـﺎن ﺑـﻪ ﺷـﺎﱏshân ba
shân i shoulder to shoulder with; ﻨـﺪﻩZ ™ ـbâłinda bird; ﮕﺨـﯚش³
دﻩ ـ ـdangkhosh melodious;
ﴎوودsirûd anthem; ﻦt ﺋﻪوawîn love; ﻦt ژzhîn life.
. وﻩرﮔﲑاوﻩ٣٣-٣٠ :(١٣٧٠) ٣ « »ﴎوﻩ8 ٢
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ﮔـﺎشgâsh big, huge; ﺑـﻪردbard rock; ﮔـﺎﺷـﻪﺑـﻪردgâshabard boulder; ـﻦz داوdâwen foot
(of a mountain); ﺳـﻪرﮐـﻪشsarkash lofty; ﮔـﻮﻧـﺪgund village; ﮔﭽﮑـﻪ
ـ ـgichka tiny; ـﻦoﮑـﻪوZﻫـﻪ ـ
hał-kawtin to be situated; زﻩﻻمzalâm huge; زﻩﺑـــﻪﻻحzabalâḥ enormous; رواﻧـــﲔ ﺑـــﻪ ﺳـــﻪر
rwânîn ba sar to loom over; ـﺰt رrîz line; ﻣـﺎڵmâł house; وﻩ‘ـﻮوwakû like; زۆرﺑـﻪیzorba i
most of; ـﺘ ـﺎن, ـﺴ ـk ‘ ـﻮkwestân mountainous region; ﺳ ـﻪر ﯾ ـﻪک8 la sar yek on top of each
other; ﭼـ‚ ‘ـﺮانche-kirân to be built; ﺳـﻪر™نsarbân roof; ـﻪوﺷـﻪÉ ḥawsha courtyard; ﳖـﯚم
nihom story, floor; ﺳﺎز ‘ﺮانsâz-kirân to be made.
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READINGS
ﺋـﻪﻧـﺪ ـkﺸـﻪ€ن ﻫـﻪ` ﺋـﻪو ﭘـﻪڕى ﮔـﻮﻧـﺪ و ﻣـﻮو/ـﻪﰷﻧﻴــﺎن ﺗþRـــﻪڕى ﻧـﻪدﻩqـﺮد™ .ب و ™ﭘـﲑاﻧﻴــﺎن ﺑـﻪو
ﺷ,ﻴـ•ى
ﺟgﮕـﺎى دﻩﮔـﺗﺮـﻪوﻩq .ـﻮڕ ﭘـﲑ دﻩﺑـﻮو ،و ــ
ﺟـﻮورﻩ ژ€ﺑـﻮون™ .وك ﭘـﲑ دﻩﺑـﻮوq ،ـﻮڕ ــ
ﮔـﻴـﺎﱏ ﺑـﻪﮔـﻪرووى زﻩوﯾـﻨـﺪا دﻩqـﺮد و ﻧـﻪوﻩى ﻧـﻮێ ﰷرﻩﻛـﻪى درzـﮋﻩ دﻩدا .وﻩك ـﺑŸـ{ـ¬ﯽ
/ﺎوﻩﻧﻮوﺳ,ﻴﺎن ﻫﻪر ﺋﻪوﻩ ﺑﻮو ،وﻩك <ﺎﻣﻪﯾﻪك ﺑﻪ ™€mن \½اﺑﻮو.
ﺷـﻪوeـﻚ - 8ـ½zـﲀ> ،ـﻪZـﲃ ﺋـﺎواﱙ ﺑـﻪ ﺑــRﺴ£ــﲎ ﮔـﺮم و ﻫـﯚڕzـﲃ oـﺮﺳ•.ـــﻪر و ﺳـﺎﻣ•ــﺎك 8
>ـﻪو راﺑـﻮون و ﺑـﻪ ﭘـﻪﺷـﯚﰷوى رژاﻧـﻪ ﻧـ{ـﻮ qـﻮو/ـﻪ و ﻛـﯚmن .ﺑـﻮوﻣـﻪ 8رزﻩﯾـﻪك زﻩوﯾـﲎ
ﺟgﮕـﺎى ﺧـﯚى ﻫـﻪZﻘــﻪﻧـﺪراﺑـﻮو و 8ﻛـﻪﻣـﻪرﭼ)ــﲎ ﭼ)ــﺎ،
راﺷـﻪﰷﻧـﺪﺑـﻮو .ﮔـﺎﺷـﻪ ﺑـﻪردى زﻩﻻم 8ــ
8ﺳ ـﻪر ﺧ ـ½ﻛ ـﻪ\ ـﺮدﻩﰷن ،ﺑ ـﻪ ﺟ ـﯚر zـﲃ ﺳ ـﺎﻣ ـ• ـﺎك ،وﻩك ﻫ ـﻪرﻩﺷ ـﻪ 8ﺋ ـﺎواﱙ \ ـﲀت،
ﺳ,ﺘـﺎﺑـﻮو .ﭼـﻮوﻛـﻪﺗـﻪوژﻣgــﻚ ﮔـﺎﺷـﻪ ﺑـﻪردﻩﻛـﻪى ﭘـﺎڵ ـﭘ{ـﻮﻩ دﻩ cو ﮔـﻮﻧـﺪﻩﻛـﻪى >ـﺎﭘـﻮور
راوﻩ ــ
دﻩqـﺮد> .ـﻪZـﻚ ﺋﻴــﱰ ﺋـﻪoـﺮﻩﺷ,ﻴـــﺎن ﭼـﻮوﺑـﻮو و ﻧـﻪ€ﻧـﺪﻩوzـﺮا ﻧـﲒtـﲃ ﻣـﺎZـﻪﰷﻧﻴــﺎن ﺑ•ÿـــﻪوﻩ .ﺟgــ¬ﻰ
ـــﻪوﻩ> ،ـﻪZـﻚ ﺋﻴــﱰ دﻩﺳـﺖ و دZﻴــﺎن ﯾـﻪﰽ ﻧـﻪدﻩﮔـﺮت.
ﻣـ!ﻧـﻪ ﻧـﻪﺑـﻮو .ﮔـﺎﺷـﻪ ﺑـﻪرد ﻫـwﰷ ﺑـﻪر ﺑ±.
ﺳ,ﭙـ¬ﻰ و ﮔـﻪورﻩ ـﭘﻴـﺎوان ـ ـﭘ).ـﺎن واﺑـﻮو ،ﻫـﻪ bو ﻧـﻪ bﺋـﻪم ﺑـﻪmﯾـﻪ ﺋـwﰷﱉ qـﺮدﻩوﻩﰷﱏ
ردzـﻦ ــ
ﻛ.ﺸـﺎﺑـﻮو.
ﺧـﯚ€ﻧـﻪ .ﮔـﺎﺷـﻪ ﺑـﻪردى زﻩﺑـﻪﻻح ﺳy.ـــﻪرى ﮔـﺮاﱏ ﺳـﺎم و ﭘـﻪﰽ ﺑـﻪ ﺳـﻪر ﮔـﻮﻧـﺪا ــ
ﺟgﮕـﺎى ﺧـﯚى ﻧـﻪ\ـﺰووت> .ـﻪZـﻚ ﺋـﯚﺧـﮋﻧﻴــﺎن ﺑـﻪ دm
ﻣـﺎوﻩﯾـﻪك راﺑـﻮارد ،ﺑـﻪmم ﺑـﻪرد ﺋﻴــﱰ 8ــ
ﻫـﺎت و ﻧـﻮzـﮋى ﺷـﻮqـﺮ€ن ﺑـﻪ ﺟـ‚ ﻫـ{ﻨــﺎ و ﮔـﻪڕاﻧـﻪوﻩ ﮔـﻮﻧـﺪ و ژ€ﱏ ﺋـﺎﺳـﺎﱙ ﺧـﯚ€ن دﻩﺳـﺖ
ﺳ,ﻴـﺪا ﺑـﻮون و ﺷـﻪو >ـﻪو€ن ﻟـ‚ ـﻧ ﻪدﻩﻛـﻪوت ﭼـﻮو ـ³ﻜـﻪ
ـ ـﭘ{ﻜـﺮدﻩوﻩ ،ﺑـﻪmم ﻫـﻪر 8ﻣـﻪ oـﺮ ــ
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; hatâ untilﻫـﻪ` ; malâbângdân dawnﻣـﻪﻻ™ ـ³ﮕـﺪان ;> khałk peopleـﻪZـﮏ ; binâr footـﺑﻨـﺎر
ﻣــﻪزرا ; mûcha farmﻣــﻮو/ــﻪ ;b be wichân without ceaseو/ــﺎن ; khorâwâ sundownﺧــﯚراوا
;È ‘âraq-rishtin (rezh-) to sweatـﺎرﻩق رﺷـﱳ )رzـﮋ( ; hawł-dân to toilﻫـﻪوڵدان ;mazrâ field
zhyân i kho ba rewaژ€ﱏ ﺧــﯚ ﺑــﻪ رeــﻮﻩ \ــﺮدن ; bardałânî rockyﺑــﻪردﻩmﱏ ; zawîn soilزﻩوtــﻦ
bîrﺑ ـﲑ ‘ ـﺮدﻧ ـﻪوﻩ kâr work; 8ﰷر ; îtir jiga other thanﺋ ـﻴ ـﱰ ﺟ ـﮕ ـﻪ ;birdin to eke out a livingﭘـﻪڕ ; andesha ideaﺋـﻪﻧـﺪkـﺸـﻪ ; bîr thoughtﺑـﲑ ; âso horizonﺋـﺎﺳـﯚ ;kirdinawa la to think of
™ bâpîr grandﭘـﲑ ;™ bâb fatherب ; tepař-kirdin to go beyondﺗـ.ـþـﻪڕ ‘ـﺮدن ;pař edge, sideﺟgﮕـﺎی … ﮔـﺮoـﻦ ; pîr oldﭘـﲑ ;™ bâwk fatherوک ; jûr mannerﭼـﻮور ;father
jegâ i … girtin toــ
shîla i gyân ba garû i zawîn’dâﺷ ـ ,ـﻴ ـ•ی ﮔ ـﻴ ـﺎن ﺑ ـﻪ ﮔ ـﻪرووی زﻩوﯾ ـﻨ ـﺪا ‘ ـﺮدن ;take the place of
nawaﻧـــــــــﻪوﻩ ;kirdin to pour the fluid of one’s life down the throat of the earth, to die
وﻩک ; kâraká i … drezha-dân to carry on the work ofﰷرﻩﮐـــﻪی … درzـــﮋﻩ دان ;generation
< jâmaـﺎﻣـﻪ ;/ châwanûs fateـﺎوﻩﻧـﻮوس ; wak biłey as you might say, it was as thoughﺑ{Ÿـــ¬ﯽ
ba bâłâ biřrân to be cut to fit.ﺑﻪ ™½\ mان ;clothing
109
SORANI KURDISH
دﻩ³ﮕgﲃ cﺋﺎﺳﺎﱙ ﻫﻪﻣﻮوى 8ﻣﺎڵ و ﮔﻮﻧﺪ دﻩردﻩﭘﻪڕاﻧﺪ.
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ﯾy£ـﻮوى دوو
رۆژeـﻚ ﯾـﻪ ـﻛ{ـﻚ 8ﭘـﲑﻩ ـﭘﻴـﺎواﱏ دێ ﺑـﻪ ﻫـﻪر دووك /ـﺎوى ﺧـﯚى د ـ ـ
ﻣـﺎرى زﻩ ـ³ﮕـﻰ 8ژzـﺮ ﮔـﺎﺷـﻪ ﺑـﻪردﻩوﻩ دﻩرﻫـﺎoـﻦ و ﻫـ ـ{ﻨـﺪى ﺑـﻪ دﻩور ﺑـﻪردﻩﻛـﻪدا ﮔـﻪڕان و
ﻫـﻪ ــﻣRﺴـﺎن ﮔـﻪڕاﻧـﻪوﻩ ژzـﺮ ﺑـﻪردﻩﻛـﻪ .ﺋﻴــﱰ >ـﻪZـﻚ وا€ن دﻩزاﱏ :ﺑـﻪرد ﺑـﻪmى ﺧـﻮداﱙﯾـﻪ ،دوو
ﻣـﺎرﻩﻛـﻪﺷ,ﻴـــﺎن ﺑـﻪ ﺧgــﻮى ﺑـﻪردﻩﻛـﻪ دﻩزاﱏ و 8ﺳـﻪر ﻓ±ــﻮاى ﮔـﻪورﻩﭘﻴــﺎواﱏ ﮔـﻮﻧـﺪ \ـ½€ر درا
ﻫـﻪﻣـﻮو رۆژeـﻚ ﺑـﻪ ﻧـﯚﺑـﻪ ﻣـﺎZـ{ـﻚ ﺧـﯚراك ﺑـﯚ ﻣـﺎرﻩﰷن ﺑـﺒـﺎت .ﺋـﻪم ﰷرﻩ دﻩﺑـﻮوﻩ ﻫـﯚى
دڵﻧـﻪرﱉِ ﺑـﻪردﻩﻛـﻪ\ 8 .ـﻦ ﺑـﻪردﻩﻛـﻪدا دوو ﺳـﻪﻛـﯚ€ن ﭼـ‚ qـﺮد و ﺑـﻪ ﻧـﯚﺑـﻪ ژﻩﻣـﻪ cـﻧﻴـﺎن ﺑـﯚ
ﻣـﺎرﻩﰷن دﻩ\ـﺮد .ﺑـﻪ ﻫـﻪ ـZﻜـﻪوت ﺋـﻪﮔـﻪر ﻛـﻪﺳـ‚ ﺋـﻪم ﺋـﻪرﻛـﻪى 8ﺑـﲑ ﭼـﻮو™ﯾـﻪ ،ﮔـﺎﺷـﻪ ﺑـﻪرد 8
ﺳﻪر ﺧ½ﻛﻪ و >.ﺰﻩmن ﻫ{ﻨﺪى دﻩﺧﴙ و ﺋﻪرﻛﻪﻛﻪى وﻩ ﺑﲑ دﻩﻫ{ﻨﺎﻧﻪوﻩ.
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١
bîstin (bîs-) toﺑ ـ Rـﺴ ـﱳ )ﺑ ـ Rـﺲ( ; âwâî villageﺋ ـﺎواﱙ ; - 8 la piřek’â all of a suddenـ½ zـﲀ
sâmnâkﺳ ـﺎﻣ ـ• ـﺎک ; o tirsenar frighteningـﺮﺳ ـ .ـ• ـﻪر ; girm u hoř loud noiseﮔ ـﺮم و ﻫ ـﯚڕ ;hear
ba pashokâwî withﺑـــﻪ ﭘـــﻪﺷـــﯚﰷوێ ;> 8 la khaw râ-bûn to wake upـــﻪو را ﺑـــﻮون ;dreadful
bûmalarzﺑـﻮوﻣـﻪ8رز ; kołân streetﮐـﯚmن ;‘ kûcha laneـﻮو/ـﻪ ; rizhânà to pour intoرژاﻧـﻪ ;terror
; hał-qandrân to be upliftedﻫـــﻪZـــﻘـــﻪﻧـــﺪران ; râ-shikândin to splitراﺷـــﲀﻧـــﺪن ;earthquake
ﻫـﻪڕﻩﺷـﻪ ‘ـﺮدن jor manner; 8ﺟـﯚر ; khiřkabard gravelﺧـ½ﮐـﻪﺑـﻪرد ; kamarchîn edgeﮐـﻪﻣـﻪر/ـﲔ
chûkatawizhmﭼ ـﻮوﮐ ـﻪﺗ ـﻪوژم ; râ-wastân to stopرا وﻩﺳ ـ ,ـﺘ ـﺎن ;hařasha kirdin la to threaten
;> khâpûr-kirdin to destroyـﺎﭘـﻮور ‘ـﺮدن ; pâł pewa nân to pushﭘـﺎڵ ﭘـ¬ﯽوﻩ cن ;slight pressure
ﺷ,ﻴـﺎن ﭼـﻮوﺑـﻮو ; atrash gallﺋـﻪoـﺮﻩش
atrashyân chûbû they had lost the gall (+ subj., toﺋـﻪoـﺮﻩ ــ
bar-bûnawaﺑـﻪر ﺑـﻮوﻧـﻪوﻩ ; hâkâ thusﻫـwﰷ ; mitmâna safeﻣـ!ﻧـﻪ ; werân to dareوzـﺮان ;)do s.th.
دﻩﺳـــﺖ و دڵ ﯾـــﻪک ;)’to fall (gâshabard hâkâ barbetawa ‘with the boulder about to fall
gawrapyâw digﮔـﻪورﻩﭘﻴــﺎو ; ridenspî elderردeــ*ﺴ,ﭙـــ¬ﯽ ; dast u dił yek-girtin to be calmﮔـﺮoـﻦ habe u nabe one way orﻫـــﻪ bو ﻧـــﻪ peyân wâ bû they thought; bﭘـــ.ـــ)ـــﺎن وا ﺑـــﻮو ;nitary
ﺳـ.ـþـﻪر ﮐـ.ـﺸـﺎن ﺑـﻪ ﺳـﻪر ;‘ kirdawa deedـﺮدﻩوﻩ ; âkâm resultﺋـwﰷم ; bałâ calamityﺑـﻪanother; m
sâmﺳـﺎم ; girân burdensomeﮔـﺮان ;… separ keshân ba sar …dâ to cast a shadow overدا
îtir…na noﺋﻴــﱰ … ﻧـﻪ ;) râ-bwârdin to pass (of timeراﺑـﻮاردن ; pak helplessnessﭘـﻪک ;terror
ﻫ{ﻨـﺎن ; okhizhn calmﺋـﯚﺧـﮋن ;\ bizûtin to budgeـﺰووoـﻦ ;more, no longer
ﻧـﻮzـﮋی ﺷـﻮ‘ـﺮ ﺑـﻪ ﺟـ‚ ـ ـ
gařânawa toﮔـــﻪڕاﻧـــﻪوﻩ ;nwezh i shukr ba je henân to perform prayers of thanksgiving
oـﺮﳻ dast pe-kirdinawa to take up again; 8دﻩﺳ ـﺖ ﭘ ـ¬‚ ‘ ـﺮدﻧ ـﻪوﻩ ; âsâî usualﺋ ـﺎﺳ ـﺎﱙ ;return
;> khawyân le nadakawt they couldn’t get to sleepـــﻪو€ن ﻟـــ‚ ﻧـــﻪدﻩﮐـــﻪوت ;tirsî la fear of
dar-pařândin la toدﻩرﭘـــﻪڕاﻧـــﺪن hamûy constantly; 8ﻫـــﻪﻣـــﻮوی ;c nââsâî unusualﺋـــﺎﺳـــﺎﱙ
invade.
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; mâr snakeﻣـــﺎر ; hardûk bothﻫـــﻪردووک ; de villageدێ ; pîrapyâw old manﭘـــﲑﻩﭘـــﻴـــﺎو
ﺑـﻪ دﻩور ﮔـﻪڕان ; hendè for a whileﻫ{ﻨـــﺪێ ; dar-hâtin to come outدﻩرﻫـﺎoـﻦ ; zangî blackزﻩ ـ³ﮕـﯽ
khudâî Godﺧـــﻮداﱙ ; hamîsân once againﻫـــﻪﻣـــRـــﺴـــﺎن ;ba dawr gařân to circle around110
READINGS
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ﺳـﺎ ـZﮕـﺎرeـﻚ راﺑـﻮارد .ﭘـﲑﻩﭘﻴــﺎوان و ﺑـﻪﺳـﺎmﭼـﻮان 8ﮔـﻪڵ ﻫـﻮوﺷـﻪ و ــﻓRﺸـﻪى ﻣـﺎرﻩﰷن و
êﺸﻜـﻪى ﮔـﺎﺷـﻪ ﺑـﻪرددا راﻫـﺎﺗﺒــﻮون ،ﺑـﻪmم ﻧـﻪوﻩى ﻧـﻮێ 8م ™ر و دۆ>ـﻪ cڕازى
ﺧﺸﻜـﻪ و ـ ـ
ــ
ﴎـﻪ دﻩ ـ³ﮕـﻰ cڕﻩزاﯾـﻪﰏ ﺧـﯚ€ن ﺑـﻪ ﮔـﻮeـ¬ﻰ ﯾـﻪﻛـﱰدا
ﺑـﻮون .ــﭘ{ﻜـﻪوﻩ دادﻩ ــﻧRﺸـﱳ ،ﺑـﻪ ﭼþــﻪ و ﺗ
دﻩﭼﺮﭘﺎﻧﺪ و ﺑﻪ ﺷﻮzﻦ رzﮕﺎى /ﺎرﻩﺳﻪرqﺮدﱏ ﺋﻪو ﺑﻪmﯾﻪدا دﻩﮔﻪڕان .دﻩ³€ﮕﯚت:
ـــ ﺋـﺎﺧـﺮ ` ،ﻛـﻪى 8ژzـﺮ ﺳy.ـــﻪرى ﻣـﻪرگ و oـﺮﺳـﺪا \ـﮋtـﻦ؟ ` ﻛـﻪى ﺑـﻪرﻫـﻪﱉ ﰷر و
رﻩﳒﲈن 8ﮔﻪرووى ﺋﻪو ﻣﺎرﻩ زﻩ³ﮕ)ﺎﻧﻪ ﻛﻪtﻦ؟ و…
ﺳ{,ﻜ)ــﺎن qـﻮzـﺮﻩﺳـﻪواد ـzﻜ)ــﺎن ﻫـﻪﺑـﻮو ،دﻩورﺑـﻪر ﮔـﻪڕاﺑـﻮون ،ﺳـﻪرﺑـﻪﺳ,ــﱴ
/ـﻪﻧـﺪ ﻛـﻪ ــ ـ
ﮔـﻮﻧـﺪﻩﰷﱏ oـﺮ€ن دﯾﺒــﻮو و دﻩ€ﻧـﻮـIﺴـﺖ qـﻮت و زﳒـﲑى ﺋـﻪم ﺳـﺎم و oـﺮﺳـﻪ 8دﻩﺳـﺖ و ﭘـ¬‚
ﺴ{,ـﲍq` .ـﻮو ﺳـﻪر ﺋـﻪﳒـﺎم ،ﯾـﻪ ـﻛ{ـﻚ 8ﻻوﻩﰷن ،ﻛـﻪ ﺑـﯚ ﻓـﺮۆﺷ£ــﲎ ﺑـﻪرﻫـﻪم
و ﮔـﻪردن ﺑûــ ــ
ﭼـﻮوﺑـﻮوﻩ ﺷـﺎر ،ﮔـﻪڕاﯾـﻪوﻩ و ﻣـﺰ ـﮔ{ـﲎ ﭘـ¬‚ دان :ر ـzﮕـﺎى رزﮔـﺎرى د ـﯾﺘـﯚﺗـﻪوﻩ 8 .ﺷـﺎردا
êﺴ.ـ ،xﻣـﺎر ﺋـﻪ ـﻓﺴـﻮون
ﭘـﺎZـﻪوا ـﻧ{ـﲃ د ـ ـﯾy£ـﻮو .ﺷـﺎﱏ واZ™ ،ـﻰ وا ،ﮔـﻮﭘـﺎZـﻰ وا!! زﳒـﲑ دﻩ ـ ـ
دﻩﰷت ،و رۆﺳ,ﺘﻪﻣgﻜﻪ و ` 8رﯾﻒ cﯾﻪ…
١
٢
\ biřyâr-dirân for a decision to beـــ½€ر دران ; fitwâ decisionﻓـــ±ـــﻮا ; khew lordﺧـــgـــﻮ ;sent
\ binـﻦ ; diłnarmî placationدZـﺮﻩرﻣـﯽ ; khorâk foodﺧـﯚراک ; ba noba by turnsﺑـﻪ ﻧـﯚﺑـﻪ ;made
ﺑــﻪ ; zhaman foodژﻩﻣــﻪن ; che-kirdin to buildﭼــ‚ ‘ــﺮدن ; sako benchﺳــﻪﮐــﯚ ;foot, bottom
ﺧـ½ﮐـﻪ ; 8 la bîr chûn to forgetﺑـﲑ ﭼـﻮون ; ark dutyﺋـﻪرک ; ba hałkawt by chanceﻫـﻪZـﮑـﻪوت
wa bîrوﻩ ﺑــﲑ ﻫــ{ــﻨــﺎﻧــﻪوﻩ ; khishîn to creepﺧــﺸــﲔ ;> khezałân sandــ.ــﺰﻩmن ;khiřka gravel
henânawa to remind.
١
êﺸﮑـﻪ ; hûsha u fîsha hissingﻫـﻮوﺷـﻪ و ــﻓRﺸـﻪ ; basâłâchû elderﺑـﻪﺳـﺎmﭼـﻮو
ﺧﺸﮑـﻪ و ـ ـ
khishkaـ ـ
™ bârر و دۆخ ; râ-hâtin lagał to become accustomed toراﻫ ـﺎ oـﻦ 8ﮔ ـﻪڵ ;u pishka creeping
ﭘ{ﮑـﻪوﻩ ;c nâřâzî la discontent withرازی u dokh burden; 8
dâدا ـ ـﻧRﺸـﱳ ; pekawa togetherـ ـﴎــﻪ ;nîshtin to sit down
c nâřazâyatî disconڕﻩزاﯾــﻪﰏ ; chipa u sirta whisperingﭼــþــﻪ و ﺗ ba gwe yektir’dâ chirpândin to whisper into each other’sﺑـﻪ ﮔـﻮێ ﯾـﻪﮐـﱰدا ﭼـﺮﭘـﺎﻧـﺪن ;tent
/ chârasar-kirdin toـﺎرﻩﺳـﻪر ‘ـﺮدن ; ba shwen regâ i going in search ofﺑـﻪ ﺷـﻮzـﻦ ر ـzﮕـﺎی ;ears
remedy.
٢
oـﺮس ; marg deathﻣـﻪرگ ; sebar shadowﺳy.ـــﻪر ; ` tâ kay how longﮐـﻪی ; âkhir alasﺋـﺎﺧـﺮ
barham i kâr u ranjmân theﺑـــﻪرﻫـــﻪﻣـــﯽ ﰷر و رﻩﳒـــﲈن ; zhîn zhî- to liveژtـــﻦ )ژی( ;tirs fear
; 8 la garû i … kirdin to put down the throat ofﮔـــــﻪرووی … ‘ـــــﺮدن ;fruits of our labors
دﻩورﺑـﻪر ;‘ kwerasawâd semi-literacyـﻮzـﺮﻩﺳـﻪواد ;/ chand kasèk several peopleـﻪﻧـﺪ ﮐـﻪﺳ{,ـــﮏ
ﮐـﯚت ; sarbast i gund village boundaryﺳـﻪرﺑـﻪﺳ,ــﱴ ﮔـﻮﻧـﺪ ; dawrbar-gařân to go aboutﮔـﻪڕان
111
SORANI KURDISH
ﺳ,ﺘـﺎن و ﺑـﻪ
ﺳ,ﭙـ¬ﻰ و ﮔـﻪورﻩ ـﭘﻴـﺎواﱏ ﮔـﻮﻧـﺪ دژى ﺋـﻪم ـﻗﺴـﺎﻧـﻪ رادﻩوﻩ ــ
ﺳـﻪرﻩ` ،ردzـﻦ ــ
ﺗـﻮﻧـﺪى ﻻوﻩﰷﻧـﻴـﺎن دﻩﻣـﻜـﻮت دﻩqـﺮد ،ﺑـﻪmم ﺷـﻪوeـﻚ ﮔـﺎﺷـﻪ ﺑـﻪرد ،ﺑـﻪ ﮔـﺮم و ﻫـﯚڕ،
ﻫﻪﻣRﺴﺎن /ﻪﻧﺪ ﻣ)ﱰeﻚ ﺧﺰاﯾﻪ ﭘ.ﺶ .ﺋﻴﱰ \½€ر درا ﺑﻪ دواى ﭘﺎZﻪواندا öﻦ.
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* * *
ﻻواﱏ ﮔـﻮﻧـﺪ ،ﭘـﺎZـﻪوا ـﻧﻴـﺎن 8ﮔـﯚﺷـﻪﯾـﻪﰽ ﺷـﺎردا د ـﯾﺘـﻪوﻩ> .ـﻪZـﻚ دﻩورﻩ€ن داﺑـﻮو.
ﺳ•Rﮕـﻰ ﺋـﻪﺳ,ﺘـــﻮور ،دوو ™ﺳـﲃ وﻩك دوو ﻛـﯚZـﻪﻛـﻪ و ﻫـﻪر
ﭘـﺎZـﻪواﱏ ﭼـﻰ؟ ™mى ﺑـﻪرز و ـــ
ﻻﻗgــﲃ ﺑـﻪ ﻗـﻪدﻩر ﺳـﺎﻗـﻪﰏ دارﻩ ﭘـﻪ ـZﻜgــﻚ 8 .ژzـﺮ `ﺷـﻪ ﺑـﻪرد ـzﻜـﺪا ر Ðـæﺸـﺎﺑـﻮو .ﺳـ‚ ﻻوى
ﺳ•Rﮕـﻰ دﻩﺷـﲀﻧـﺪ .ﭘـﺎZـﻪوان ﺳـﻪر ﻛـﻪوﺗـﻮاﻧـﻪ
ﺑـﻪﻫ.ــﺰ` ،ﺷـﻪ ﺑـﻪردﻩﻛـﻪ€ن ﺑـﻪ qـﻮﺗـﻚ 8ﺳـﻪر ـــ
ﺷ,ﺘـﻪﯾـﻪﰽ زﳒـﲑى ﺑـﻪ دﻩور ﺧـﯚﯾـﺪا ﺋـﺎ mـﻧ ﺪ .ﺧـﯚى ﺑـﯚ ﮔـﺮﻣـﯚZـﻪ qـﺮد و ﺳـﻪرى
ﺳ,ﺘـﺎ ،ر ــ
ﻫـﻪ ــ
ﻫـﻪZـ²ى .ﻫـﺎوارzـﲃ qـﺮد و زۆرى ﺑـﯚ ﺧـﯚى ﻫـ ـ{ﻨـﺎ .دﻩﻣـﺎرﻩﰷﱏ وﻩك ﺳـﻮ<ـﻪﻣـﺎر دﻩرﭘـﻪڕى
ﺳﻜـﻪى ﭘـﻮو ـZﻴـﺎن ﺑـﯚ ﻫـﺎو ـIﺸـﺖ.
ﺑـﻮون> .ـﻪZـﻚ /ـﻪ ـﭘŸـﻪ€ن ﺑـﯚ ـﻟ{ـﺪا و 8ﻫـﻪر ﻻﯾـﻪﻛـﻪوﻩ ـ
ﺷﻜـﻪ ﺑﺒــﻮو .ﭘـﻮوZـﻪﰷﱏ ﻛـﯚ دﻩqـﺮدﻩوﻩ و دوÈـﺎى >.ــﺮى ﺑـﯚ >ـﻪ ـZﻜـﻪﻛـﻪ دﻩqـﺮد.
ﭘـﺎZـﻪوان ﺷـwﮔـﻪ ـ
ﻻواﱏ ﮔـﻮﻧـﺪ زo€ـﺮ 8ﻫـﻪﻣـﻮو ﻛـﻪس ﭘـﻮوZﻴــﺎن ﺑـﻪ ﺳـﻪر ﭘـﺎZـﻪواﻧـﺪا ™راﻧـﺪ .ﭘـﺎZـﻪوان ﺗـﻪﰷﻧ{ــﲃ ﺑـﻪ
ﺧﯚ دا و زﳒﲑﻩﻛﻪى ﭘﭽ½اﻧﺪ…
٢
`‘ـﻮو ; pisândin to breakـêﺴـﺎﻧـﺪن ; gardin neckﮔـﻪردن ; kot u zinjîr bonds and chainsو زﳒـﲑ
firoshtinﻓـﺮۆﺷـﱳ ; lâw youthﻻو ; sar anjâm finallyﺳـﻪر ﺋـﻪﳒـﺎم ;tâkû this continued until
mizgen dân ba to give goodﻣـﺰﮔ.ــﻦ دان ﺑـﻪ ; shâr cityﺷـﺎر ; barham produceﺑـﻪرﻫـﻪم ;to sell
dîtûwaد ـﯾﺘـﻮوﻩﺗـﻪوﻩ = dîtotawaد ـﯾﺘـﯚﺗـﻪوﻩ ; rizgârî salvationرزﮔـﺎری ; regâ wayر ـzﮕـﺎ ;news toﺋـﻪ ; gopâł clubﮔـﯚﭘـﺎڵ ;™ bâł armڵ ; shân shouldersﺷـﺎن ; pâławân strong manﭘـﺎZـﻪوان ;tawa
Rostam Rustam, a legendary champion; 8رۆﺳ ,ــﺘـﻪم ; afsûn-kirdin to charmﻓـﺴـﻮون ‘ـﺮدن
` la târîf nahâtin to be indescribable.رﯾﻒ ﻧﻪﻫﺎoﻦ
١
; dizh i … râ-wastân to take a stance againstزژی … راوﻩﺳ,ﺘـــﺎن ; saratâ initiallyﺳـﻪرﻩ`
girm u hořﮔـﺮم و ﻫـﯚڕ ; damkut-kirdin to silenceدﻩ ـﻣﮑـﻮت ‘ـﺮدن ; ba tundî roughlyﺑـﻪ ﺗـﻮﻧـﺪی
baﺑـﻪ دوای … ﭼـﻮون ; khizânà pesh to creep forwardﺧـﺰاﻧـﻪ ﭘـ.ـﺶ ; mîtr meterﻣـ)ـﱰ ;boom
dwâ i … chûn to go in search of.
٢
sîngﺳ ـ Rـ• ـﮓ ; dawra-dân to encircle; m™ bâłâ statureدﻩورﻩ دان ; gosha cornerﮔ ـﯚﺷ ـﻪ
ﺳ,ﺘـﻮور ;chest
; lâq legﻻق ; kołaka columnﮐـﯚZـﻪﮐـﻪ ;™ bâsik upper armﺳـﮏ ; astûr thickﺋـﻪ ــ
râر Ðـëﺸـﺎن ; pałk plane treeﭘـﻪZـﮏ ; sâqat tree trunkﺳـﺎﻗـﻪت ; ba qadar as much asﺑـﻪ ﻗـﻪدﻩر shikândin toﺷـــﲀﻧـــﺪن ;‘ kutik blowـــﻮoـــﮏ ; bahez strongﺑـــﻪﻫـــ.ـــﺰ ;kishân to stretch out
; hałwastâﻫـﻪZـﻮﻩﺳ ,ــﺘـﺎ = hastâﻫـﻪﺳ ,ــﺘـﺎ ; sarkawtûâna triumphantlyﺳـﻪرﮐـﻪوﺗـﻮواﻧـﻪ ;shatter
ﺷ,ﺘـﻪﯾـﻪﰽ زﳒـﲑ
ba dawr khoy’dâﺑـﻪ دﻩور ﺧـﯚﯾـﺪا ﺋـﺎ mـﻧ ﺪن ; rishtayèk i zinjîr a piece of chainر ــ
112
READINGS
8 ن€ ـﮕ ـﻰ ﺳ ـﻪر³ دوو ﻣ ـﺎرى زﻩ، ـﺮدﻩوﻩq ـﲃg ـﻨ ـﺪووﻗ ـ, دﻩرﻛ ـﻪى ﺳ ـ،دواى ﺋ ـﻪوﻩ
ـﻪوان >ـﻪ ـﺗ{ـﲃ ﺑـﻪZ ﭘـﺎ.ـﻪرد ـﺧﺸـﺎنÈ 8 ،ﻨـﺪووﻗـﻪﻛـﻪوﻩ دﻩرﻫـ ـ{ﻨـﺎ و ﺑـﻪ ﻫـﻪر و ـﮔﻴـﻒ,ﺳ
ــ
ـﻪﻗـﲔ و/ ن€ــ¬ﻰ ﺧـﯚg ﺟ8 ،ـﺮا\ـﻦq ﻣـﺎرﻩﰷن وﻩك \ـﺰﻣـﺎر.ﻨــﺪeـﲃ ﺧـﻮzـﺮدt و،ﺸـﺎ.ﻧـﺪا ــﻛ€دﻩور
.ن ﺑﻪﺳﺖ€ﻜﻪ-ﭘﻪ
ـﻚZ >ـﻪ8 و ﻣـﺎڵﺋـﺎواﱙ،ـﺮدﻩوﻩq ـﺮى ﻛـﯚo {ــﲃZ ﭘـﻮو.ــ½ا.ـﺮى ﮔo ـﻪﴰـﻪى/ ـﻪﻧـﺪ/ ـﻪوانZﭘـﺎ
ﻴــﺪا دا و وﻩ رێZـﺮدﻩوﻩ و ﺑـﻪ ﻛـﯚq ﻛـﻪى ﻛـﯚ8ـﻪوان ﻛـﻪل و ﭘـﻪZ ﭘـﺎ.ـﺮدq ن€ـﻚ ﺑـ·وﻩZ >ـﻪ.ـﺮدq
.ـﻪ روو>ـﺎوﻩﯾـﻪكZﺘــﻪ ﻣـﺎ,ـﺸـI ﮔـﻪ،ـﺮدﻩ ﺑﻴــﺎ™نq ـﻪوان رووىZ ﭘـﺎ.ـﻦoـﲎ ﻛـﻪوe ﻻوﻩﰷن ﺷـﻮ.ﻛـﻪوت
ﭘ{ــ¬ﻰ وا.ـﺮﺳـﺎن ز™ﱏ ﺑـﻪﺳـﱰاo 8 ،ـﻪوان ﻫـﻪر ﻛـﻪ ﺋـﻪواﱏ دﯾـﺖZ ﭘـﺎ.ﻧـﺪێ€ن ﮔـﻪ€ﻻوﻩﰷن ﺧـﯚ
ﺳـﻪر8 م ﻻوﻩﰷنm ﺑـﻪ،ـﻰZ ﻫـﺎت ﻫـﻪ.ـﺮدووﻩq ـﻪﻛـﻪىZ ﭘـﻮو8 ن€ﮕـﺮن و ﺗـﻪﻣـﺎzﺑـﻮو دز و ر ـ
:ﱫرﰷوى ﮔﯚﰏZﮓﻫﻪ³ ﺑﻪ رﻩ.ﻪﻗﲔ/ ﮕﺎىzر
١
٢
âłândin to wrap around oneself; ـﻪ ‘ـﺮدنZ ﮔـﺮﻣـﯚgirmoła-kirdin to twist and turn; ـﻦt²ـZﻫـﻪ
hał-biřîn la to get free from; ﻫـﺎوار ‘ـﺮدنhâwâr-kirdin to shout; ـــﺎن
زۆر ﺑـﯚ ﺧـﯚی ﻫ{ﻨzor bo
khoy henân to make a great effort; دﻩﻣــــﺎرdamâr vein; ﺳــــﻮ<ــــﻪﻣــــﺎرsujamâr serpent;
ـﻦt دﻩرﭘـﻪڕdar-pařîn to pop out; ـﻪ ﻟـ‚ دان ﺑـﯚŸـﻪ ـﭘ/ chapła le-dân bo to applaud for; ﻫـﻪر8
ﻻﯾـﻪﮐـﻪوﻩla har lâyèkawa from every side; ﺳﮑـﻪی ﭘـﻮوڵ
ـsika i pûł coin; (ـﮋzﺸـﱳ )ﻫـﺎوIﻫـﺎو ـ
hâwîshtin hâwezh- to toss; ﺷﮑـﻪ
ﮔـﻪ ـw ﺷـshâgashka overjoyed; ﮐـﯚ ـ‘ ﺮد ـﻧ ﻪوﻩko-kirdinawa to
gather up; ــﺮ ‘ـﺮدن ﺑـﯚ.> ـﺎیÈ دوdu‘â i kher kirdin bo to say thank-you to; 8 ـﺮo€ زziyâtir la
more than; ™راﻧـــﺪنbârândin to rain down; ﺗـــﻪﰷن ﺑـــﻪ ﺧـــﯚ دانtakân ba kho dân to shake
oneself; ﭘﭽ½اﻧﺪنpichiřândin to break apart.
١
دﻩرﮐـﻪdarka lid; ــﻨـﺪووق, ﺳsindûq chest; ‘ـﺮدﻧـﻪوﻩkirdinawa to open; ﺳـﻪر دﻩرﻫـ{ـﻨـﺎنsar
dar-henân to stick the head out; ﺑــــﻪ ﻫــــﻪر و ﮔــــﻴــــﻒba har u gîf threatingly; ــــﻪردÈ ‘ard
ground; >ـﻪتkhat line; ـﺸـﺎن. ﮐـkeshân to draw; ـﻨـﺪنeـﺮد ﺧـﻮt وwîrd khwendin to recite a
spell; \ــﺰﻣــﺎر ‘ــﺮانbizmâr-kirân to be nailed down; ــﻪﻗــﲔ/ chaqîn to sink to the ground;
ﮑﻪ ﺑﻪﺳﱳ- ﭘﻪpapka-bastin to coil up.
٢
ـ½ان.ﻨـﻪ ـﮔ,ﺷ
ـﻪ ــ/ chashma-geřân to perform a trick; 8 واﱙ ‘ـﺮدنm ﻣـﺎmâłâwâî-kirdin la to
say good-bye to; ﺑـــ·وﻩ ‘ـــﺮدنbiłâwa-kirdin to disperse; ﮐـــﻪل و ﭘـــﻪلkal u pal paraphernalia; ـﺪا دانZ ﺑـﻪ ﮐـﯚba koł’dâ dân to sling over the shoulders; ـﻦo وﻩ رێ ﮐـﻪوwa re kawtin
to set out; ـﻦoـﻦ ﮐـﻪوz ﺷـﻮshwen kawtin to follow; روو ‘ـﺮد ـﻧ ﻪrû-kirdinà to set out for; ـﺑﻴـﺎ™ن
biyâbân wilderness; روو>ـﺎوrûkhâw ruined, tumbled-down; ﻧـﺪﻧـﻪ€ ﺧـﯚ ﮔـﻪkho gayândinà
to get oneself to; ز™ن ﺑـﻪﺳـﱰانzibân bastrân for the tongue to be tied; ـﭘ{ـ¬ﯽ وا ﺑـﻮوpey wâ
bû he thought, he imagined; دزdiz thief; ـﮕـﺮz رregir robber; 8 ﺗـﻪﻣـﺎ ‘ـﺮدنtamâ-kirdin la
to have designs on; ـﻦoﻬـﺎZ ﻫـﻪ ـhał-hâtin to run away; ـﻪﻗـﲔ/ … ﮕـﺎیz ﺳـﻪر ر ـ8 la sar regâ i
… chaqîn to block s.o.’s way; ـــﱫرﰷویZـــﮕـــﻬـــﻪ³ ﺑـــﻪ رﻩba ranghałbizirkâwî with the color
113
SORANI KURDISH
ــــ ﭼ)ﺘﺎن دﻩوێ؟
ﯾﻪﻛ{ﻚ 8ﻻوﻩﰷن ﮔﯚﰏ:
ﺋ{ﻤـﻪ 8ﮔـﻮﻧـﺪzـﲃ دوورﻩوﻩ ﻫـﺎﺗـﻮو ـﯾﻨـﻪ ﺧـﺰﻣـﻪﺗـﺖ.
ــــ ﺋـﻪى ﭘـﺎZـﻪواﱏ >ـﺎوﻩن ـ
ﺷﻜـﯚ! ـ ـ
ﻫﻴﻮادارم cﺋﻮﻣgﺪﻣﺎن ﻧﻪﻛﻪى!
ﯾﻪﰽ oﺮ€ن ﮔﯚﰏ:
ــــ ﺗﻮوﳽ ﺑﻪmﯾﻪك ﺑﻮوtﻦ .ﺗﻪﻧﻴﺎ ﺗﯚ دﻩﺗﻮاﱏ رزﮔﺎرﻣﺎن \ﻜﻪى!
ﭘﺎZﻪوان ﭘ{¬ﻰ وا ﺑﻮو ﺗ±RﺎZﻰ ﭘ{¬ﻰ دﻩﻛﻪن .ﮔﯚﰏ:
ــــ ﻟ{ﻢ ﮔﻪڕtﻦ™ ،ﺑﻪ .ﺧﯚ ﻣﻦ رﺷﻘﻪﳒﺎرى ﺋ{ﻮﻩ ﻧﲓ .دﻩﺳ,ﱲ ﻟ‚ ﻫﻪZﮕﺮن!
ﻻوﻩﰷن ﯾﻪﻛﺪﻩ³ﮓ ﮔﯚﺗﻴﺎن:
ــــ ﺋـﻪى ﭘـﺎZـﻪواﱏ bﻫـﺎو` ،ﺑـﻪ ﻫـﻪزار ﻫﻴــﻮا و ﺋـﺎواﺗـﻪوﻩ ﻫـﺎﺗـﻮوtـﻦ> .ـﻪZـﲃ ﮔـﻮﻧـﺪﻩﻛـﻪﻣـﺎن
/ـﺎوﻩڕواﱏ <ـﻪcﺑـﱳ و ﺋـ{ـﻤـﻪ ﻧـﻮeـﻨـﻪرى ﺋـﻪواﻧـﲔ .دﻩﺳـﺖ ﻣـﻪ œﺑـﻪ رووﻣـﺎﻧـﻪوﻩ! دZـﲈن
ﻣﻪﺷﻜgﻨﻪ!
ﭘﺎZﻪوان ﮔﯚﰏ:
ــــ ﺑﻴﻜﻪن ﺑﻪ >ﺎoﺮى ﺧﻮدا .ﺋﺎزارم ﻣﻪدﻩن .ﻫﺎ ،œﻫﻪر $ﻫﻪﯾﻪ ،ﺑﯚ ﺋ{ﻮﻩ.
ﺳ,ﺘـﺎ و Éـﺎڵ و
ﺋـﻪﳎـﺎر ،ﯾـﻪﰽ 8ﻻوﻩﰷن ﺑـﻪ ﺋـﻪدﻩﺑـﻪوﻩ 8ﺑـﻪرا ـﻧﺒـﻪرى ﭘـﺎZـﻪواندا راوﻩ ــ
Éـﻪﰷﯾـﻪﰏ `ﺷـﻪ ﺑـﻪرد و ﻣـﺎرﻩﰷﱏ ﮔ.ــ½اﯾـﻪوﻩ .ـﺋﻴـﱰ ﭘـﺎZـﻪوان دZـ ـﻨﻴـﺎﺑـﻮو :زاﱏ ﺑـﻪﺧـﺖ رووى
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٢
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drained from the face.
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hâtinà khizmat to come toﻫـﺎﺗـﻨـﻪ ﺧـﺰﻣـﻪت ;> khâwanshiko masterـﺎوﻩ›ـﺸـﮑـﯚ ; ay Oﺋـﻪی
c nâumed-kirdin to dash someone’s hopes.ﺋﻮﻣgﺪ ‘ﺮدن ; hîwâdâr hopefulﻫﻴﻮادار ;see
٢
رزﮔـﺎر ; tanyâ onlyﺗـﻪ ـﻧﻴـﺎ ; bałâ calamityﺑـﻪ tûsh i … bûn to be beset by; mﺗـﻮوﳽ … ﺑـﻮون
gařân laﮔـﻪڕان tîtâł-kirdin ba to play a trick on; 8ﺗ±Rـــﺎڵ ‘ـﺮدن ﺑـﻪ ;‘ rizgâr-kirdin to saveـﺮدن
dastدﻩﺳـﺖ ﻫـﻪ ـZﮕـﺮoـﻦ rishqanjâr butt of a joke; 8رﺷﻘــﻪﳒـﺎر ;™ bâba fellowﺑـﻪ ;to leave alone
hał-girtin la to let go.
٣
; âwât expectationﺋـﺎوات ; behâwtâ peerlessـ ـﺑ{ﻬـﺎو` ; yekdang with one voiceﯾـﻪﮐـﺪﻩ³ـﮓ
nwenar repreﻧـﻮ ـeﻨـﻪر ;/ janâbit your excellencyـﻪcﺑـﺖ ;/ châwařwân i expectingـﺎوﻩڕواﱏ dił-shikândinدڵ ﺷـﲀﻧـﺪن ; dast nân ba rû’awa to turn awayدﻩﺳـﺖ cن ﺑـﻪ رووﻩوﻩ ;sentative
to break the heart.
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READINGS
ﺗ{ﻜﺮدووﻩ .ﮔﯚﰏ:
ــــ زۆر ™ﺷﻪ .زۆر ™ﺷﻪ… ﻣﻦ ﺑﯚ ﺧﺰﻣﻪت ﺋﺎﻣﺎدﻩم< .ﺎ ،رێ ﻛﻪون½\ ™ ،ۆtﻦ!
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* * *
ورد و درﺷـﺖ ،ژن و ـﭘﻴـﺎوq ،ـﻮڕ و ﰷڵ ،ﺑـﻪ ـ ـﺗ{ﻜـﺮاﱙ >ـﻪZـﲃ ﮔـﻮﻧـﺪ ﺑـﯚ ــﭘ.ﺸـﻮازى 8
ﭘـﺎZـﻪوان ﭼـﻮوﺑـﻮون .دﻩول و زور€cن ـﻟ{ـﺪﻩدا ،ﺑـﻪ /ـﻪ ـﭘŸـﻪرzـﺰان و ﺷـﺎدى ،ﭘـﺎZـﻪوا ـﻧﻴـﺎن
ﻫـ ـ{ﻨـﺎﯾـﻪ cو ﮔـﻮﻧـﺪ .ﻣـﻪڕ ـzﻜ)ــﺎن 8ﺑـﻪر ـﭘ{ـ¬ﻰ ﭘـﺎZـﻪواﻧـﺪا ﻗـﻮر™ﱏ qـﺮد و ﺑـﻪ ﺧـﻮ ـeﻨـﻪﻛـﻪى دﻩر و
دﯾـﻮارى ﮔـﻮﻧـﺪ€ن ـﻧ ﻪ ـﺧﺸـﺎﻧـﺪ .ﭘـﺎZـﻪوان ﺑـﻪ ﺳـﻪرﺳـﻮڕﻣـﺎن و ™cوﻩڕىﯾـﻪوﻩ 8و ﮔـﯚﺑـﻪﻧـﺪ و
ﺷـﺎﱙﯾـﻪى دﻩڕواﱏ و 8ﺧـﯚﺷ,ﻴـــﺎن ﭘـﺎى وﻩ Èـﻪرز ﻧـﻪدﻩﻛـﻪوت .ﻫـﻪ` ﺋ.ــﺴ,ﺘـــﺎ ﻫـﻪرﮔـﲒ رzـﺰى
واى ﻟـ‚ ﻧـﻪﮔـﲑاﺑـﻮو .ﺷـwﮔـﻪ ـﺷﻜـﻪ ﺑﺒــﻮو .ﺑـﻪ ﻓـﲒ و 8ﺧـﯚ™ﱙ ،دﻩﺳg£ـــﲃ 8ﻛـﻪ8ﻛـﻪى cﺑـﻮو و
ﺑﻪ 8ﻗﺎﻧﺪﱏ ﺳﻪر و \ﺰووﺗﲎ ﻗﺎﻣﲃ ﺟﻮاﰉ >ﻪZﲃ دﻩداﯾﻪوﻩ.
ﻮرـﻪ و/ـﺎﻧ{ــﻚ ﭘـﺎZـﻪوان 8ﭘ.ــﺶ> ،ـﻪZـﻚ ﺑـﻪ دواﯾـﺪا ،ﺑـﻪرﻩو ﻻى ﮔـﺎﺷـﻪ ﺑـﻪرد وﻩ
ﭘـﺎش qـ ﺗ
رێ ﻛـﻪوoـﻦ .ﰷ• ﮔـﻪIـﺸ•£ـــﻪ ﻧـﲒtـﲃ ﺑـﻪردﻩﻛـﻪ >ـﻪZـﻚ ﺑـﻪ رtـﺰ راوﻩﺳ,ﺘـــﺎن .ﻫـ{ﻨــﺪى دﻩﺳ)£ـــﺎن
ﺑـﻪرﻩو ﺋـﺎﺳـﲈن ﻫـﻪZـ²ﯾﺒــﻮو و دوÈـﺎ€ن دﻩqـﺮد .ﭘـﺎZـﻪوان ﻣـﺎوﻩﯾـﻪك 8ﺑـﻪردﻩﻛـﻪى رواﱏ .ﺋـﻪﳎـﺎر
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âzâr-dân toﺋـﺎزار دان ; biykan ba khâtir i khudâ leave it to Godﺑـﻴـﮑـﻪن ﺑـﻪ >ـﺎoـﺮی ﺧـﻮدا
ba adabawaﺑــــﻪ ﺋــــﻪدﻩﺑــــﻪوﻩ ; amjâr at this pointﺋــــﻪﳎــــﺎر ; hâne here, take itﻫــــﺎbother; œ
; É ḥakâyat storyـﻪﰷﯾ ـﻪت ; É ḥâl situationـﺎل ; 8 la barâmbar i beforeﺑ ـﻪراﻣ ـ yـﻪری ;politely
; bakht rû-kirdin ba for fortune to smile onﺑ ـﻪﺧ ـﺖ روو ‘ ـﺮدن ﺑ ـﻪ ; diłnyâ convincedد Zـﻨ ـﻴ ـﺎ
re-kawtin to hit the road, getرێ ﮐــﻪوoــﻦ ; âmâda readyﺋــﺎﻣــﺎدﻩ ; khizmat serviceﺧــﺰﻣــﻪت
under way.
٢
baﺑـﻪ ﺗـ{ـﮑـﺮاﱙ ;‘ kuř u kâł boys and girlsـﻮڕ و ﰷڵ ; dirisht largeدرﺷـﺖ ; wird smallورد
dawl u zuřnâدﻩول و زور cﻟــ‚ دان ; peshwâzî la greetingﭘــ.ــﺸــﻮازی ;tekrâî i together with
shâdî reﺷ ـﺎدی ; / chapłarezân applauseـﻪﭘ ـ Ÿـ ﻪر zـﺰان ;le-dân to play drums and clarionsﺧﺸـﺎﻧـﺪن ; qurbânî-kirdin to slaughterﻗـﻮر™ﱏ ‘ـﺮدن ; mař sheepﻣـﻪڕ ;joicing
nakhshândinﻧـﻪ ـ
goﮔـﯚﺑـﻪﻧـﺪ ;™c nâbâwařî disbeliefوﻩڕی ; sarsuřmân perplexityﺳـﻪرﺳـﻮڕﻣـﺎن ;to smear onﭘـﺎی ; 8 la khoshîân out of gleeﺧـﯚﺷ ,ــﻴـﺎن ; rwânîn la to look atرواﻧـﲔ band celebration; 8
ﻫـﻪرﮔـﲒ ; pây wa ‘arz nadakawt he couldn't keep his feet on the groundوﻩ Èـﻪرز ﻧـﻪدﻩﮐـﻪوت
ﮔ.ـﺮان hargîz (+ neg.) never; 8
ﺷﮑـﻪ ; rêz gîrân la for respect to be paid toرzـﺰ ـ
shâﺷـwﮔـﻪ ــــﮏ 8ﮐـﻪ 8 la khobâî puffed up with pride; 8ﺧـﯚ™ﱙ ; fîz prideﻓـﲒ ;gashka overjoyed
دﻩﺳg£
ﺳـﻪر 8ﻗـﺎﻧـﺪن ; dastèk la kalaká nân to put a hand on the head, to be flabbergastedﮐـﻪ cن
ﺟــﻮاب دان ; qâmik fingerﻗــﺎﻣــﮏ ;\ bizûtin to wagــﺰووoــﻦ ;sar laqândin to shake the head
jwâb-dân to reply.
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SORANI KURDISH
ﺑﻪ /ﻪﻧﺪ ﺷﻪﻗﺎو ﺧﯚى ﮔﻪ€ﻧﺪﻩ ﭘﺎڵ ﮔﺎﺷﻪ ﺑﻪرد .ﯾﻪﰽ ﻫﺎوارى qﺮد:
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ــــ ﭘﺎZﻪوان ،ﺋwﮔﺎت 8ﻣﺎرﻩﰷن .b
ﯾﻪﰽ oﺮ ﮔﯚﰏ:
ــــ ﺧﻮدا êﺸﺖ و ﭘﻪcت !b
٢
ﻻى ﺋ{ــﻮارﻩ ﺑـﻮو .ﻣـﺎرﻩﰷن ﺑـﯚ ﺧـﻮاردﱏ ژﻩﻣـﻪن q 8ـﻮن وﻩ دﻩر ﻛـﻪوﺗﺒــﻮون .ﭘـﺎZـﻪوان ﺑـﻪ
دﯾ£ــﲎ ﻣـﺎرﻩﰷن ﺑـﻪزﻩﱙﯾـﻪﰽ ﻫـﺎ• .ﭘـﺎZـﻪوان ﺋـﻪم ﻻ و ﺋـﻪو ﻻى ﮔـﺎﺷـﻪ ﺑـﻪرﻩﻛـﻪ ﮔـﻪڕا .دﻩﺳg£ـــﲃ
ﺧﺴ,ﺘﻪ ژzﺮ ﮔﺎﺷﻪ ﺑﻪرد و ﺳﻮوﻛﻪ زۆرzﲃ qﺮد… 8ﺑﻪر ﺧﯚﯾﻪوﻩ ﮔﯚﰏ:
ــــ /ﻪﻧﺪﻩ ﺳﺎوﯾﻠﻜﻪن!
>ـﻪرﯾـﻚ ﺑـﻮو دﻩم \ـﲀﺗـﻪوﻩ و ر ـzﮕـﺎى c8و \ـﺮدﱏ ﺑـﻪردﻩﻛـﻪ ﺑـﻪ >ـﻪZـﻚ ﺑŸــ‚ ،ﺑـﻪmم ژ€ﱏ
`ڵ و Zcـﻪ™رى ﺧـﯚى ﻫـﺎﺗـﻪوﻩ ﭘ.ــﺶ /ـﺎو… ﺗـﻪ ـﻧﻴـﺎ و ﺋـﺎوارﻩ ،ﻣـﺎڵ 8ﻛـﯚڵ ،ﻫـﻪر رۆژﻩ 8
ﻫﻴﭽـﻰ ﻧـﻪﺑـﻮو .وﻩك Èـﻪﻧﺘــﻪرﻩﻛـﻪى ﻟـﯚﰏ
ﺷـﺎرeـﻚ ،ﻧـﻪ ژﱏ ،ﻧـﻪ ﻣ•ــﺪاZـﻰ ،ﻧـﻪ ﻣـﺎZـﻰ ،ﻧـﻪ \ـﮋﯾـﻮى ،ــ
ﺳـﺎZـﺢ ،ﺑـﯚ >ـﻪZـﻚ دﻩورى دﻩﮔ.ــ½ا> .ـﻪZـﻚ ﭘ{ــ¬ﻰ ﭘ{ــﺪﻩﻛـﻪﻧـﲔ ،ﺑـﻪ ﺳـﻮوﻛـﻪوﻩ ﻟ{ــ¬ﯽ دﻩڕواﻧـﲔ.
ﻫـﻪ` ﭘـﻮو{Zــﲃ رﻩﺷـ,ﻴــﺎن ﺑـﯚ دﻩﻫـﺎوـIﺸـﺖÈ .ـﺎرﻩﻗـﻪى رﻩش و ﺳـﻮورى دﻩردﻩدا .ﺋـﻪﮔـﻪر <ـﺎر
و ™ر ﺋـﺎ ـZﻘـﻪى 8ﺣـﲓ qـﺮاوى زﳒـﲑﻩﻛـﻪ 8ﰷﰏ ﺧـﯚﯾـﺪا ﻧـﻪqـﺮا™ﯾـﻪوﻩ ،ـﺋﻴـﱰ >ـﻪZـﻚ دﻩور€ن
ﭼـﯚڵ دﻩqـﺮد و دﻩﺑـﻮاﯾـﻪ ﺳـﻪرى bﺷـ,ﻴــﻮ ﺑـﻨ±.ـــﻪوﻩ ،ﺑـﻪmم ﺋ.ــﺴـ,ﺘــﺎ ﺋـﻪو >ـﻪ ـZﻜـﻪ ﺳـﺎو ــﯾﻠﻜـﻪ ﺋـﻪو€ن
ﺑﻪ ﭘﺎرzﺰﻩر و رزﮔﺎرﻛﻪرى ﺧﯚ€ن دﻩزاﱏ 8 .ﺑﻪر ﺧﯚﯾﻪوﻩ ﮔﯚﰏ:
ــــ ﭘﺎZﻪوان ،ﺑﻪﺧﺖ ﺑﻪ ﭘ{¬ﻰ ﺧﯚى ﻫﺎﺗﻮوﻩ ،ﺑﻪ ﻓ½.ۆى ﻧﻪدﻩى.
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ﻮرـﻪ
ﺑ ـﻪ ; baraw lâ i towardﺑ ـﻪرﻩو ﻻی ; wichân to restو /ـﺎن ;) ‘ kurta short (in durationـ ﺗ
dast baraw âsmânدﻩﺳـﺖ ﺑـﻪرﻩو ﺋـﺎﺳـﲈن \ـ½tـﻦ ; ba rîz râ-wastân to stand in a lineرtـﺰ راوﻩﺳـ,ﺘــﺎن
shaqâwﺷـــﻪﻗـــﺎو ; du‘â-kirdin to prayدوÈـــﺎ ‘ـــﺮدن ;hał-biřîn to raise the hands to heaven
hâwâr-kirdin to shout.ﻫﺎوار ‘ﺮدن ; pâł baseﭘﺎڵ ;step, pace
٢
khudâ pisht u panât be mayﺧـﻮدا ـêﺸـﺖ و ﭘـﻪcت âgât be la watch out for; bﺋـwﮔـﺎت 8 b
God protect you.
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wa dar kawوﻩ دﻩر ﮐـﻪوoـﻦ ; zhaman foodژﻩﻣـﻪن ; lâ i ewâra toward eveningﻻی ـﺋ{ـﻮارﻩ amﺋـﻪم ﻻ و ﺋـﻪو ﻻی ; bazaîekî hâtè he had a feeling of pityﺑـﻪزﻩﺋـﻴـﻪﰽ ﻫـﺎ• ;tin to come out
; dast khistinà zher to stick the hand underدﻩﺳــﺖ ﺧــﺴــ£ــ•ــﻪ ژzــﺰ ;lâ u aw lâ i all around
sâﺳـﺎو ـ ـﯾﻠﮑـﻪ ;8 labar khoyawa to himselfﺑـﻪر ﺧـﯚﯾـﻪوﻩ ; sûk-kirdin to deprecateﺳـﻮوک ـ‘ ﺮدنwîlka poor, miserable.
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READINGS
:ﺮد و ﮔﯚﰏq ﻜﻪﻛﻪZ >ﻪ8 ﺘﺎﯾﻪ ﺳﻪر ﭘ¬‚ و رووى,ﻪوان ﻫﻪﺳZﭘﺎ
١
! ﰷرى ﻣﻦ ﻧﻴﻪ.ﻨﺎﻗﻪﻧﺪرێZ ﻫﻪ.ﻛﺪاﯾﻪw> 8 ــــ ﺋﻪم ﺑﻪردﻩ دﻩﻣﺎرى
:ﻚ ﺑﻪ ﭘﺎراﻧﻪوﻩ ﮔﯚﺗﻴﺎنZ>ﻪ
، ﺋـﻪﮔـﻪر ـﺑﺘـﻪوێ.ﻧـﻪmـﺰﻩ.> ﺳـﻪر ﺧـ½ﻛـﻪ و ـ8 .ﺸـﻪﯾـﻪIرـb ﺋـﻪم ﺑـﻪردﻩ،ـﻪوانZــــ ﭘـﺎ
.دﻩﺗﻮاﱏ
:ﻪوان ﮔﯚﰏZﭘﺎ
.ﻪوان زۆرنZ ﭘﺎ.ﺮ ﺑﺪۆزﻧﻪوﻩo ﯾﻪﻛ{ﲃ. ﰷرى ﻣﻦ ﻧﻴﻪ،c ــــ
:ﻴﺎن ﭘ{ﮕﺮت و ﮔﯚﺗﻴﺎن,ﺸ.ﻚ ﭘZ >ﻪ.ﻪوان ﺑﻪ ﺋﺎﻧﻘﻪﺳﺖ ﻛﻪوﺗﻪ رێ \ﺮواتZﭘﺎ
ﺗـﻪﻧﻴــﺎ.ـــﻪŸ{ــﲈن ﻣـﻪﻫg ﺑـﻪ ﺟ،ﻜـﻪ ﻫـﻪژارﻩ ﺗـﯚىZـﻪواﱏ >ـﺎوﻩن ـﺷﻜـﯚ! ﻫﻴــﻮاى ﺋـﻪو >ـﻪ ـZــــ ﭘـﺎ
!ﯾﻪ رزﮔﺎرﻣﺎن \ﻜﻪىmم ﺑﻪ8 ﺗﯚ دﻩﺗﻮاﱏ
:ﻪوان ﮔﯚﰏZﭘﺎ
ﻣـﺎوﻩﯾـﻪك. ﻛـﺰ و ﻻواز ﺑـﻮوم. ﻣـﻦ ﻣـﺎوﻩﯾـﻪك ﻧـﻪﺧـﯚش ﺑـﻮوﻣـﻪ.ـﲃ زۆرى دﻩوێzــﺰ.ــــ ﻫ
٢
١
ـﮏ ﺑـﻮونt >ـﻪرkharîk bûn (+ subj.) to be about to; دﻩم ‘ـﺮدﻧـﻪوﻩdam-kirdinawa to speak;
و \ـﺮدنc 8 la nâw birdin to get rid of; ن€ ژzhyân life; `ڵtâł bitter; ـﻪ™رZc nâłabâr pitiful;
ـﺎو/ ــﺶ. ﻫـﺎﺗﻨــﻪوﻩ ﭘhâtinawa pesh châw to come to one’s vision; ﺋـﺎوارﻩâwâra homeless; ﻣـﺎڵ
ﮐـﯚڵ8 mâł la koł nomadic; \ـﮋﯾـﻮbizhîw substance; ـﻪﻧﺘــﻪرÈ ‘antar monkey; ﻟـﯚﰏlotî luti, an
itinerant entertainer who usually has a performing monkey; ـــﺢZ ﻟـــﯚﰏ ﺳـــﺎLotî Sâłiḥ apparently a proverbial lotî; ـ½ان.ﮔ
دﻩور ـdawr-geřân to cut flips; ﭘ{ﮑـﻪﻧـﲔ ﺑـﻪ
ـ ـpe-kanîn ba to
laugh at; 8 ﺑـﻪ ﺳـﻮوﮐـﻪوﻩ رواﻧـﲔba sûkawa rwânîn la to look upon with pity; ـﻪ رﻩشZ ﭘـﻮوpûł
a rash old coin; ـــﺎرﻩﻗـــﻪی رﻩش و ﺳـــﻮور دﻩردانÈ ‘âraqa i rash u sûr dar-dân to work up a
sweat; <ـﺎر و ™رjâr u bâr from time to time; ﺣ)ـــ ـﻤﮑـﺮاوی زﳒـﲑ8 ﻘـﻪیZ ﺋـﺎ ـâłqa i laḥîmkirâw i
zinjîr the soldered links of the chain; ﰷتkât back of the neck; ﭼـــﯚڵ ‘ـــﺮدنchoł-kirdin
to abandon, leave; نc ﻴـﻮ,ﺸ.
ﺳـﻪر ﺑــ ــsar beshîw nân to lay one’s head down without dinner; ـﺰﻩرz ﭘـﺎرpârezar protector; رزﮔـﺎرﮐـﻪرrizgârkar savior; ـﻦo ﺑـﻪﺧـﺖ ﺑـﻪ ﭘـ¬‚ … ﻫـﺎbakht ba pe
i … hatin for fortune to smile on; ـ½ۆ دان. ﺑـﻪ ـﻓba feřo dân to squander; ‚¬ﺘـﺎﻧـﻪ ﺳـﻪر ﭘـ,ﺳ
ﻫـﻪ ــ
hastânà sar pe to stand up; 8 روو ‘ﺮدنrû-kirdin la to turn one’s face toward.
٢
دﻩﻣـﺎرdamâr root; >ـﺎکkhâk earth; ﻘــﻪﻧـﺪرانZ ﻫـﻪhał-qandrân to be uprooted; ﰷری ﻣـﻦ ﻧﻴــﻪ
kâr i min niya I can’t do it; ﺑـﻪ ﭘـﺎڕا ـﻧ ﻪوﻩba pâřânawa pleadingly; ﺸـﻪIرـb berîsha without
roots; ﺧـ½ﮐـﻪkhiřka gravel; نmــﺰﻩ.> khezałân sand; دۆزﯾﻨــﻪوﻩdozînawa to find; ﺋـﺎﻧﻘــﻪﺳـﺖ8 la
ânqast deliberately; ـﻦ ﺑـﻪoـﺶ ﮔـﺮ. ـﭘpesh-girtin ba to block; ›ﺸﮑـﯚ
>ـﺎوﻩ ـ ـkhâwanshiko master; ﻫﻪژارhazhâr poor, miserable; (´{ﺸﱳ )ﻫ. ﺑﻪ ﺟ‚ ﻫba je heshtin (heł-) to abandon.
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SORANI KURDISH
ﻻزﻣﻪ ﻫﻪ` ﻫ.ﺰ و ﺗﻮاcم وﻩ دﻩﺳﺖ ﺑ.ﳮﻪوﻩ.
ﮔﯚﺗﻴﺎن:
ــــ ﺑﻪ ﺟgﲈن ﻣﻪﻫ{Ÿﻪ! ﺗﯚ ﭼﻰ ﺑ¬{Ÿﻰ؟ ﺳﻪرﻣﺎن 8رeﺖ داﯾﻪ!
ﭘﺎZﻪوان ﮔﯚﰏ:
ــــ ﻻﱏ ﻛـﻪم دﻩ bﯾـﻪك ﺳـﺎڵ ﲞـﯚم و ﺑـﻨـﻮوم ﻫـﻪ` ﻫـ.ـﺰﻩﻛـﻪى <ـﺎراﱎ وﻩ دﻩﺳـﺖ
ﺑ.ﳮﻪوﻩ.
>ـﻪZـﻚ ﻣـﻪر<ـﻪﻛـﻪى ﭘـﺎZـﻪواﻧﻴــﺎن ﻗـﻪﺑـﻮوڵ qـﺮد و \ـ½€ر درا ﻫـﻪر رۆژﻩ ﺑـﻪ ﻧـﯚﺑـﻪ ﯾـﻪﻛ{ــﻚ
ﺳ,ﺘـﯚ ـ\ﮕـﺮێ .ـﺋﻴـﱰ ﺑـﻪ ـﺧgـﻮ qـﺮدﱏ ﭘـﺎZـﻪوان دﻩﺳ,ــﱴ ـ ـﭘ{ﻜـﺮد .زﮔـﻰ
ﺧـﯚرÐﰽ ﭘـﺎZـﻪوان وﻩ ﺋـﻪ ــ
ﭼ)ﻴـﺎن ـﺗ{ـ¬ﻰ دﻩﺋـﺎﺧـﲎ ﻫـﻪر
ﭘـﺎZـﻪوان ،وﻩك ﻫـﯚڕzـﲃ \bـﻦ و ﻗـﻮوڵ ،ـﺗ.ـﺮ ـﻧ ﻪدﻩﺑـﻮو .ﻫـﻪر ـ ـ
ﻗـﯚڕﻩى دﻩﻫـﺎت> .ـﻪZـﻚ ﭘـﻪﯾﺘــﺎ ﭘـﻪﯾﺘــﺎ ﺧـﯚرqÐﻴــﺎن ﺑـﯚ دﻩﻫـ{ﻨــﺎ .دواى ﻣـﺎوﻩﯾـﻪك ﺗـﯚوى ﻣـﺮـIﺸـﻚ و
ﻛـﻪ™8ب 8ﺋـﺎواﱙ \ـ½ا .ﭘـﺎZـﻪوان رۆژ 8ﮔـﻪڵ رۆژ ﻗـﻪZـﻪوoـﺮ دﻩﺑـﻮو و ™mى دﻩqـﺮد .دﻩ ـoﮕـﯚت
ﺳ•Rﮕـﻰ ﺑﺒــﻮو ﺑـﻪ ﻗـﻪد `ﺷـﻪ ﺑـﻪردeـﻚ ،دوو ™ﺳـﲃ وﻩك ﺳـﺎﻗـﻪﰏ درﻩﺧـﺖ.
ﻓـﻮوى دﻩدﻩن .ـــ
ﺋﻴــﱰ ﭘـﺎZـﻪوان c 8و ﺋـﻪو >ـﺎﻧـﻮوﻩ ﺑـﯚ€ن ﺗـﻪر>ـﺎن qـﺮدﺑـﻮو ﻧـﻪدﻩﮔـﻮﳒـﺎ .ﻫـﯚدﻩﯾـﻪﰽ ﮔـﻪورﻩ€ن ﺑـﯚ
ﭼـ‚ qـﺮد .دواى ﺷـﻪش ﻣـﺎ³ـﮓ ﻧـﻪ ﭘـﻪز ،ﻧـﻪ \ـﺰن ،ﻧـﻪ ﮔـﺎ… ﻫــﻴﭽﻴــﺎن ﺑـﻪ دﻩﺳ,ﺘـــﻪوﻩ ﻧـﻪﻣـﺎ ،و
ﻫـﻪﻣـﻮو€ن qـﺮد ﺑـﻪ ﮔـﻪرووى ﭘـﺎZـﻪواندا .ﭘـﺎZـﻪوان دﻩﳜـﻮارد و دﻩﻧـﻮﺳـﺖ .ﻫـﻪرﻛـﻪ ﺑـﻪ >ـﻪﺑـﻪر
دﻩﻫﺎﺗﻪوﻩ دﻩﯾﻨﻪراﻧﺪ\ :ﺮﺳ)ـﻤﻪ…ﺧﯚراك ﺑ{ﲍ!
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٢
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lâzim necesﻻزم ; lâwâz thinﻻواز ; kiz limpﮐــﺰ ; nakhosh illﻧــﻪﺧــﯚش ; hez powerﻫــ.ــﺰـــﺎﻧـﻪوﻩ ; twânâ abilityﺗـﻮاsary; c
ﺳـﻪری ﮐـﻪﺳ{,ـــﮏ ; wa dast henânawa to get backوﻩ دﻩﺳـﺖ ﻫ{ﻨ
sâłﺳـــــﺎڵ ; lân i kam at leastﻻﱏ ﮐـــــﻪم ; 8 sar i kasek la re dân to disappoint s.o.رێ دان
< jârân former.ﺎران ;year
٢
وﻩ ﺋـﻪﺳـ,ﺘــﯚ ; asto neckﺋـﻪﺳـ,ﺘــﯚ ; qabûł-kirdin to agree toﻗـﻪﺑـﻮوڵ ‘ـﺮدن ; marj stipulationﻣـﻪرج
bakhew-kirdin to look after, to takeﺑـﻪﺧgــﻮ ‘ـﺮدن ; wa asto girtin to assume a burdenﮔـﺮoـﻦ
terـﺗ.ـﺮ ﺑـﻮون ; qûł deepﻗـﻮوڵ ; bebin bottomlessـﺑ{ـﱭ ; hoř sackﻫـﯚڕ ; zig bellyزگ ;care of qořaﻗــﯚڕﻩ ; âkhnîn da to stuff intoﺋــﺎﺧــ•ــﲔ دﻩ ; harchî whateverﻫــﻪرﭼــﯽ ;bûn to get full
ﮐ ـﻪﻻ™ب ; tow i mirîshik eggﺗ ـﯚوی ﻣ ـﺮ Iـﺸ ـﮏ ; paytâ-paytâ constantlyﭘ ـﻪﯾ ـﺘ ـﺎ ﭘ ـﻪﯾ ـﺘ ـﺎ ;rumble
rozh lagał rozh day byرۆژ 8ﮔـــــﻪڵ رۆژ ;\ biřrân to cease to existـــــ½ان ;kalabâb rooster
ﺑـﻪ ﻗـﻪد ; fû-dân to blow upﻓـﻮو دان ;‘ m™ bâłâ-kirdin to get tallerـﺮدن ; qaław fatﻗـﻪZـﻪو ;day
tarkhân-kirdin to set aside forﺗــــﻪر>ــــﺎن ‘ــــﺮدن ; dirakht treeدرﻩﺧــــﺖ ;ba qad the size of
cheﭼ ـ‚ ‘ ـﺮدن ; gawra largeﮔ ـﻪورﻩ ; hoda roomﻫ ـﯚدﻩ ; gunjân to fitﮔ ـﻮﳒ ـﺎن ;exclusive use118
READINGS
ﻣ)ﭽـﻰ ژوورﻩﻛـﻪى روو>ـﺎﻧـﺪ و ﺳـﻪرى وﻩ دﻩر
ﺳـﻪر ﺋـﻪﳒـﺎم ﭘـﺎZـﻪوان واى ـ ـﻟ{ﻬـﺎت ـ ـ
ﻛـﻪوت .ﺋـﻪوﻩﻧـﺪﻩ زل و ™mﺑـﻪرز ﺑﺒــﻮو> ،ـﻪZـﻚ 8ژzـﺮ ﭘ).ـــﺪا ﺑـﻮون .ﻟ{ــ¬ﻰ دﻩoـﺮﺳـﺎن و زاﰏ
ﻴﭽﻴـﺎن ﺑـﻪ
ـﻧ ﲒﯾـﻚ ﺑـﻮوـﻧ ﻪوﻩ€ن ـﻧ ﻪﺑـﻮو .ﺳـﻪر ﺋـﻪﳒـﺎم ،ﯾـﻪك ﺳـﺎڵ دواﱙ ﻫـﺎت> .ـﻪZـﻚ ﻫـ ـ ـ
دﻩﺳ,ﺘﻪوﻩ ﻧﻪﻣﺎﺑﻮو .زﮔﻴﺎن ﺑﻪ êﺸ)£ﺎﻧﻪوﻩ ﻧﻮوﺳﺎﺑﻮو.
ــــ ﺋﻪى ﭘﺎZﻪواﱏ >ﺎوﻩنﺷﻜﯚ! ﺋﻪى ﭘﺎZﻪواﱏ ﭘﺎZﻪواcن! ﺋﻴﱰ ﺋﻪﻟﻮﻩÈﺪﻩ ﺋﻪﻟﻮﻩﻓﺎ!
ﭘ{ﻜـﻪﱏ .دۆڵ و دﻩﺷـﺖ و ﭼ)ــﺎ دﻩ ـ³ﮕـﻰ داﯾـﻪوﻩ .دواى ﺋـﻪوﻩ ﺧـﯚى راﺗـﻪﰷﻧـﺪ.
ﭘـﺎZـﻪوان ــ
ﻫـﻪﺳ,ﺘـــﺎﯾـﻪ ﺳـﻪر ﭘـ¬‚ .زﻩوى 8ژzـﺮ ﭘ).ـــﺪا دﻩ8رزى .ﻫـﻪ` 8ﮔـﻮﻧـﺪ وﻩ دﻩر ﻛـﻪوت/ ،ـﻪﻧـﺪ
>ـﺎﻧـﻮوى رﻣـﺎﻧـﺪ/ ،ـﻪﻧـﺪ ژن و زاروك 8ژzـﺮ ـﭘ{ـ¬ﻰدا ﺗـ•ﻗـﺎﻧـﻪوﻩ> .ـﻪZـﻚ وﻩ دواى ﭘـﺎZـﻪوان
ﻛـﻪوoـﻦ .ﰷ• ﭘـﺎZـﻪوان ﮔـﻪIـﺸ,ﺘـــﻪ ﭘـﻪcى ﺑـﻪردﻩﻛـﻪ ،ﺑـﻪ ﺳـﻮوﰽ 8ﺑـﻪردﻩﻛـﻪى رواﱏ .ﻣـﺎرﻩﰷن
ﺳـﻪر€ن دﻩرﻫـ ـ{ﻨـﺎﺑـﻮو .ﭘـﺎZـﻪوان ﺑـﻪ ﺗـﻮوڕﻩﱙﯾـﻪوﻩ ﻫـﻪر دوو ﻣـﺎرﻩﻛـﻪى ﮔـﺮoـﻦ و ﺧـﻮاردﱏ.
دﻩ ـ³ﮕـﻰ دﻩول و زور cو /ـﻪ ـﭘŸـﻪ و ﺷـﺎدى 8ﻫـﻪﻣـﻮو ﻻﯾـﻪﻛـﻪوﻩ ﺑـﻪرزﻩوﻩ ﺑـﻮو .ﭘـﺎZـﻪوان
دﻩﺳ,ــﱴ ﺧـﺴ,ﺘـــﻪ ژzـﺮ ﮔـﺎﺷـﻪ ﺑـﻪرد و ³ـﺮﰷﻧـﺪى .دﻩﺷـﺖ و ﭼ)ــﺎ ﻛـﻪوﺗـﻪ 8رزﻩ .ﮔـﺎﺷـﻪ ﺑـﻪردى
ﻫـﻪ` ﺳـﻪرﺳـﻪرى ﻫـﻪZـ²ى و 8دۆZـ{ـﲃ ﻗـﻮوZـﻰ ﻫـﺎوIـﺸـﺖ> .ـﻪZـﻚ 8ﺷـﺎدىِ ﺋـﻪو
ﺳـﻪرﻛـﻪوﺗﻨــﻪدا ﻫـﻪZـﺪﻩﭘـﻪڕtـﻦ .ﭘـﺎZـﻪوان ،دﻩﺳg£ـــﲃ ﺑـﻪ زﮔﻴــﺪا ﻫـ{ﻨــﺎ .ﻫـﻪﺳ,ـﱴ ﺑـﻪ \ـﺮﺳ.ــﱴ qـﺮد8 .
ﺷﻜgـﲃدا .دوو ﻣـﺎرﻩ
ﺟgﮕـﺎى ﺑـﻪ`Zـﻰ ﮔـﺎﺷـﻪ ﺑـﻪردﻩﻛـﻪدا دا ـ ـﻧRﺸـﺖ .ﻣـﺎﻧـﺪوو ـﺑﺒـﻮو™ .و ـ ـ
ــ
زﻩ³ﮕﻰﯾﻪﻛﻪ ﺳﻪر€ن 8زارى دﻩرﻫ{ﻨﺎ .ﭘﺎZﻪوان ﻧﻪراﻧﺪى:
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٢
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gâﮔـﺎ ;\ bizin goatـﺰن ; paz sheepﭘـﻪز ; mâng monthﻣـﺎ³ـﮓ ; shash sixﺷـﻪش ;kirdin to build
harkaﻫـﻪرﮐـﻪ ; ba garû i …dâ kirdin to stuff down the throat ofﺑـﻪ ﮔـﻪرووی …دا ‘ـﺮدن ;cow
ـﻧ ﻪڕا ـﻧ ﺪن ; ba khabar hâtinawa to come to enquire after s.o.ﺑـﻪ >ـﻪﺑـﻪر ﻫـﺎ ـﺗﻨـﻪوﻩ ;anyone who
\ birsîm a I’m hungry.ﺮﺳ)ـﻤﻪ ;nařândin to yell
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zilزل ; rûkhândin to destroyروو>ــــﺎﻧــــﺪن ; zhûr room, chamberژوور ; mîch roofﻣــــ)ــــﭻ
zât i … bûn toزاﰏ … ﺑـﻮون ;o tirsân la to be afraid ofـﺮﺳـﺎن m™ bâłâbarz tall; 8ﺑـﻪرز ;huge
zig ba pishtawaزگ ﺑ ـﻪ êـﺸ ـ ,ـﺘ ـﻪوﻩ ﻧ ـﻮوﺳ ـﺎن ; dwâ hâtin to come to an endدوا ﻫ ـﺎ oـﻦ ;dare to
nûsân for the belly to be stuck to the back, to be skin and bones.
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”) “it’s time to keep your promise.اﻟﻮÈﺪة اﻟﻮﻓﺎء al-wa‘da al-wafâ (Ar.ﺋﻪﻟﻮﻩÈﺪﻩ ﺋﻪﻟﻮﻩﻓﺎ
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dangدﻩ³ــﮓ داﻧــﻪوﻩ ; dasht plainدﻩﺷــﺖ ; doł valleyدۆڵ ; pe-kanîn to laughﭘــ{ــﮑــﻪﻧــﲔ;8 larzîn to trembleرزtـﻦ ; kho râ-takândin to shake oneselfﺧـﯚ راﺗـﻪﰷﻧـﺪن ;dânawa to echo
; tiłaqânawa to be shaken upﺗـŸـﻪﻗـﺎﻧـﻪوﻩ ; zârok childزارۆک ; rimândin to collapseرﻣـﺎﻧـﺪن
ba sûkîﺑـﻪ ﺳـﻮوﰽ رواﻧـﲔ panâ shelter; 8ﭘـﻪ kawtin wa dwâ i to fall in after; cﮐـﻪوoـﻦ وﻩ دوای
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SORANI KURDISH
ــــ \ﺮﺳ)ـﻤﻪ… ،·Z€زوو ﻛﻪن… ﺧﯚراك…ﺧﯚراك.
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)™ (۶ﳻ ﺋﻪدﻩﰉ :ﭘﻪﺧﺸﺎن
ﯾﻮﺳﻒ ™ﺑﻪqﺮى
bﮔـﻮﻣـﺎن ﻛـﻪم ﻛـﻪس ﻫـﻪﯾـﻪ 8ﺗـﻪﻣـﻪﱏ ﻣ•ــﺪاZـﻰ ﺧـﯚﯾـﺪا ﺣـﲀﯾـﻪﺗـﻪ ﻛـﯚن و 8ﻣ.ــﮋﯾﻨــﻪﰷﱏ qـﻮردى
8داﯾـﻪﭘـﲑﻩ و ™ب و داﯾـﻚ و ﻛـﻪس و ﰷرى ﺧـﯚى ﻧـﻪﺑــRﺴ£ــ Ùو ﺋ.ــﺴ,ﺘـــﺎش زۆرى 8ﺑـﲑ
ﻧـﻪﻣـﺎ\ـﻦ .ﺣـﲀﯾـﻪت 8ﺋـﻪدﻩﺑﻴــﺎﰏ -ـﺎندا ﻣ.ــﮋوى 8ﻣ.ــﮋﯾﻨــﻪى ﻫـﻪﯾـﻪ و 8ﺋـﻪدﻩﺑﻴــﺎﰏ qـﻮردىدا
ﻫـﻪروﻩoـﺮ .زۆرﺑـﻪى زۆرى ﺋـﻪم ﺣـﲀﯾـﻪ`ﻧـﻪ ﻧـﻪﻧـﻮوﴎاوﻧـﻪوﻩ و 8دﻩس ﭼـﻮون .ﺋـﻪوﻩى
ﺳ,ﺘـﺎودﻩﺳـﺖ ﮔـﻪ ـﯾﻴـﻮﻩ ـﺗ ﻪ ﺑـﻪرﻩى ﺋـﻪﻣـ½ۆ .د€رﻩ 8و
ﺳ•Rـﮓ و دﻩ ــ
ﺳ•Rـﮓ ﺑـﻪ ـ ـ
ﻣـﺎو ـIﺸـﻪ ـ ـ
دﻩﺳـ,ﺘــﺎودﻩﺳ,ـﱴ و ﺋ.ــﺮﻩ و ﺋـﻪوێ qـﺮدﻧـﻪدا ﺋـﺎZـﻮﮔـﯚڕى زۆر€ن ﺑـﻪ ﺳـﻪردا ﻫـﺎﺗـﻮوﻩ و ﺑـﯚ ﺋـﻪوﻩى
ﭼـﻰ د ـtﻜـﻪ ﺳـﻪروﮔـﻮeـﻼqﻴــﺎن ﺗ{ــﻚ ﻧـﻪ ـﺷﻜـ‚ ،ﭘ{ــﻮIـﺴ,ﺘـــﻪ ﺑﻨــﻮوﴎeﻨــﻪوﻩ و / 8ـﺎپ درzـﻦ و
ﺑـ·و ـ\ﻜـﺮeﻨــﻪوﻩ .ﺋـﻪوﻩش ﭘ{ــﺪاوIـﺴ,ـﱴ ﺑـﻪ ﰷر و ــﺗ{ﻜـﯚﺷـﺎن و ــﻟ{ﻜـﯚﻟـﻴﻨــﻪوﻩى دZﺒــﻪﻧـﺪاﱏ ﺋـﻪدﻩﰉ
qﻮردى ﻫﻪﯾﻪ.
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dawl u zuřnâ drumsدﻩول و زوڕ tûřaî anger; cﺗــــــﻮوڕﻩﱙ ;rwânîn la to look deprecatingly
barzawa bûn to be raised (voice,ﺑـــﻪرزﻩوﻩ ﺑـــﻮون ;/ chapła applauseـــﻪﭘـــ• ;and clarions
ـــﻪ ژzـﺮ ;)sound
³ nirkândin toـﺮﰷﻧـﺪن ; dast khistinà zher to stick the hand underدﻩﺳـﺖ ـﺧﺴ•£
; hatâ sarsarî altogetherﻫـﻪ` ﺳـﻪرﺳـﻪری ; kawtinà larz to start to shakeﮐـﻪوﺗـﻨـﻪ 8رز ;grunt
; hâwîshtin (hâwezh-) to tossﻫــﺎوIــﺸــﱳ )ﻫــﺎوzــﮋ( ; hał-biřîn to cut loose, uprootﻫــﻪZــt²ــﻦ
; hał-pařîn la shâdî’dâ to jump for joyﻫـﻪZـﭙـﻪڕtـﻦ 8ﺷـﺎدﯾـﺪا ; sarkawtin successﺳـﻪرﮐـﻪوoـﻦ
batâłﺑـﻪ`ڵ ;\ birsîyatî) hungerـﺮﺳ ,ــﻴـﻪﰏ =( \ birsetîـﺮﺳـ.ـﱴ ; hast-kirdin to feelﻫـﻪﺳـﺖ ‘ـﺮدن
™ bâwishk-dân toوﺷـﮏ دان ; mândû tiredﻣـﺎﻧـﺪوو ; dâ-nîshtin to sit downداﻧـRـﺸـﱳ ;empty
narândin to yell.ﻧﻪراﻧﺪن ; zâr mouthزار ;yawn
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zû-kirdin to be quick.زوو ‘ﺮدن ;·Z€ yâłłâ c’mon
» 8 ٢ﴎوﻩ« ١١-١٠ :(١٣٦٧) ۴:٣٢وﻩرﮔﲑاو.
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begumânـ ـﺑ{ﮕـﻮﻣـﺎن ; pakhshân proseﭘـﻪ ـﺧﺸـﺎن ; adabî literaryﺋـﻪدﻩﰉ ;™ bâs discussionس
; taman ageﺗــﻪﻣــﻪن ; kam kas haya there are few peopleﮐــﻪم ﮐــﻪس ﻫــﻪﯾــﻪ ;without doubt
;8 lamezhîna ancientﻣ.ــﮋـﯾﻨـﻪ ; kon oldﮐـﯚن ; ḥikâyat taleﺣـﲀﯾـﻪت ; mindâłî childhoodﻣ•ــﺪاZـﯽ
8ﺑـﲑ ; kas u kâr people, kinﮐـﻪس و ﰷر ; dâyapîr grandmotherداﯾـﻪﭘـﲑ ;‘ kurdî Kurdishـﻮردی
- jihân theــﺎن ; adabiyât literatureﺋــﻪدﻩﺑــﻴــﺎت ; la bîr mân to remain in the memoryﻣــﺎن
zorba i zor theزۆرﺑـﻪی زۆر ; harwatir even more soﻫـﻪروﻩoـﺮ ; mezhû historyﻣ.ــﮋوو ;world
8 la das chûn toدﻩس ﭼــﻮون ; nûsrânawa to be written downﻧــﻮوﴎاﻧــﻪوﻩ ;great majority
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READINGS
ــﻧRﺸـﺎﻧـﻪ و ` ـﯾﺒـﻪﲤـﻪﻧـﺪىﯾـﻪﰷﱏ ﺣـﲀﯾـﻪت 8 .ﺣـﲀﯾـﻪﺗـﺪا رووداوى ﺳـﻪtـﺮ و ﺳـﻪﻣـﻪرﻩ
دﻩﺑـRـ•ـﺪرێ ﻛـﻪ 8واﻗـﻌـﻰ ژ€ن زۆر ﺑـﻪ دوورن .ﺑـﯚ وeـﻨـﻪ ،دﻩﺗـﻮاﻧـﲔ ﻗـﺴـﻪ qـﺮدن ﺑـﯚ
ﻛ.ﺸـﲔ 8 .ﺣـﲀﯾـﻪﺗـﺪا ﻗـﺎرﻩﻣـﺎ ـﻧ{ـﲃ
دﻩﺳـﻪmﺗـﺪارى ™ ـZﻨـﺪﻩ و ـﮔﻴـﺎﻧـﺪارى د ـtﻜـﻪ دﻩﺳـﺖ ر Ðـ ـ
د€رtـﻜـﺮاو €رووداوzـﲃ `ﯾـﺒـﻪﰏ ﻛـﻪﻣـﱰ دeـﺘـﻪ ﮔـﯚڕێ .رووداو و ﻗـﺎرﻩﻣـﺎﻧـﻪﰷن زۆر
ﺟـﯚراوﺟـﯚر و ﺟ)ــﺎوازن .زﻣـﺎﱏ ﺣـﲀﯾـﻪت زﻣـﺎﱏ ﺋـﺎﺳـﺎﱙ >ـﻪ ـZﻜـﻪ ،و ﻗـﺎرﻩﻣـﺎﻧـﻪﰷﻧRــﺶ ﺑـﻪ ز™ﱏ
>ـﻪZـﻚ دﻩدوzـﻦ و 8راﺳ)£ـــﺪا وت و وzـﮋى ﻛـﻪﺳـﻪﰷﱏ ﻧ{ــﻮ ﺣـﲀﯾـﻪت ﻫـﻪﻣـﺎن وت و وzـﮋى
رۆژاﻧﻪى >ﻪZﻜﻪ 8ﻛﯚﻣﻪZﮕﺎى ژ€ﻧﺪا.
ز™ﱏ ﺋـﺎﺳـﺎﱙ دﻩﺑ±.ـــﻪ ﻫـﯚى ﺋـﻪوﻩ ﻛـﻪ ﻫـﻪﻣـﻮو ﻛـﻪس 8ﭘـﻪﻧـﺪ و رازى ﺣـﲀﯾـﻪت ـ\ﮕـﺎ و
ﻛـﻪ ـžﻜ)ــﺎن ﻟـ‚ وﻩرﮔـﺮێ 8 .ﺣـﲀﯾـﻪﺗـﺪا زۆرoـﺮ 8ﭘـﻪﻧـﺪ و ﻣـﻪﺗـﻪﱃ ﻛـﯚن ﻛـﻪ 1وﻩردﻩﮔـﺮێ و 8
ﺳـﻪر ﯾـﻪك دﻩﺗـﻮاﻧـﲔ ﺑ{Ÿـــﲔ ﺣـﲀﯾـﻪت زﻣـﺎﱏ ÉـﺎZـﻰ <ـﻪﻣyــﻮورﻩى >ـﻪ ـZﻜـﻪ و ز™ﻧـﻪﻛـﻪﳽ ز™ﱏ
ﭘﻪرﻩﺳﻪﻧﺪووى ﻧ{ﻮ ﻛﯚﻣﻪZﻪ.
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ﺳ•Rـﮓ ;be lost
dastâwdast hand toدﻩ ــ
ﺳ•Rـﮓ ﺑـﻪ ـ ـ
ﺳ,ﺘـﺎودﻩﺳـﺖ ; sîng ba sîng breast to breastـ ـ
ـــﻪ ﺑـﻪرﻩی ﺋـﻪﻣـ½ۆ ;hand
; dyâr obviousد€ر ; gayînà bara i amřo to come down to todayﮔـﻪﯾ•R
ـﺗ{ـﮏ ﺷـﲀن ; sarugwelâk form, shapeﺳـﻪروﮔـﻮeـﻼک ; âługoř change, transformationﺋـﺎZـﻮﮔـﯚڕ
biłâwﺑـ·و ‘ـﺮاﻧـﻪوﻩ ;/ 8 la châp dirân to be printedـﺎپ دران ;tek-shikân to be broken apartﺗ{ﮑـﯚﺷـﺎن ; pedâwîst necessaryﭘ{ــﺪاو ـIﺴـﺖ ;kirânawa to be published
te-koshân to make anــ
adabﺋ ـﻪدﻩب ; diłband i interested inد Zـﺒ ـﻪﻧ ـﺪی ; le-kolînawa to collectﻟ ـ{ ـﮑ ـﯚﻟ ـﻴ ـﻨ ـﻪوﻩ ;effort
literature.
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ﺳـﻪtـﺮ ; rûdâw eventرووداو ; ` tâybatmandî characteristicـﯾﺒـﻪﲤـﻪﻧـﺪی ; nîshâna signــﻧRﺸـﺎﻧـﻪ
ـــﺪران ; samara amazingﺳـﻪﻣـﻪرﻩ ;sayr strange
8 la wâqi‘ iوا ـﻗﻌـﯽ ژ€ن ; bîndrân to be seenﺑ•R
dasałâtdârدﻩﺳـــﻪmﺗـــﺪار ; wena illustrationوeـــﻨـــﻪ ; ba dûr rareﺑـــﻪدوور ;zhyân in real life
دﻩﺳ ـﺖ ; dîka otherد tـﮑ ـﻪ ; gyândâr animalﮔ ـﻴ ـﺎﻧ ـﺪار ; Z™ bâłinda birdـﻨ ـﺪﻩ ;authority figure
; dyârîkirâw clear-cutد€رـtﮑـﺮاو ; qâramân heroﻗـﺎرﻩﻣـﺎن ; dast râ-keshân to point toر Ðــﮐ.ﺸـﺎن
hâtinà gořè to come to the fore, toﻫـﺎ ـﺗﻨـﻪ ﮔـﯚڕێ ; kamtir lessﮐـﻪﻣـﱰ ; ` tâybatî specialـﯾﺒـﻪﰏ
zimân lanزﻣ ـﺎن ; jyâwâz differentﺟ ـ) ـﺎواز ; jorâjor variedﺟ ـﯚراﺟ ـﯚر ;be under discussion dwân (dwe-) to speak; 8دوان )دوێ( ; zibân languageز™ن ; âsâî usualﺋـــــــﺎﺳـــــــﺎﱙ ;guage
; hamân that veryﻫـﻪﻣـﺎن ; wit u wezh conversationوت و وzـﮋ ; la râstî’dâ in truthراﺳـ£ـ)ـﺪا
komałga i zhyân living society.ﮐﯚﻣﻪZﮕﻪی ژ€ن ; rozhâna every-dayرۆژاﻧﻪ
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pand u râz i ḥikâyatﭘـﻪﻧـﺪ و رازی ﺣـﲀﯾـﻪت ; hamûkas everyoneﻫـﻪﻣـﻮوﮐـﻪس ; ho reasonﻫـﯚ
8 laﺳـﻪر ﯾـﻪک ; kalk war-girtin la to benefit fromﮐـﻪžـﮏ وﻩرﮔـﺮoـﻦ the moral of a story; 8
< jambûra i khałkـﻪﻣـyـﻮورﻩی >ـﻪZـﮏ ; zimân i ḥâł exponentزﻣـﺎﱏ Éـﺎڵ ;sar yek altogether
komał society.ﮐﯚﻣﻪڵ ; parasandin to be in general useﭘﻪرﻩﺳﻪﻧﺪن ;ordinary people
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SORANI KURDISH
ـﻧ{ـﻮﻩرۆﰽ ﺣـﲀﯾـﻪت زۆر ﻗـﻮرس و ـﭘﺘـﻪو ـﻧﻴـﻪ و ™ 8رى زا ـﻧﻴـﺎرىﯾـﻪوﻩ ﻛـﻪ2ـﻪو ـeﻨـﻪ و
زۆرoـﺮ 8ﺳـﻪر ژ€ن و ﰷر و ﺋـwﰷرى ™Zﻨــﺪﻩ و زﯾﻨــﺪﻩوﻩردا ﺳـﺎغ ﺑـﯚﺗـﻪوﻩZ™ .ﻨــﺪﻩ و ﮔﻴــﺎﻧـﺪارى
د ـtﻜـﻪ ﻗـﺎرﻩﻣـﺎﱏ ﺳـﻪرﻩﻛـﲔ .ﺋـﻪﮔـﻪر <ـﺎر و ™ر ﺋـﺎدﻩﻣـﲒادeـﻚ رeـ¬ﻰ دﻩ رووداوﻩﰷﱏ ﺣـﲀﯾـﻪت
ﻣRﺸـﻪ ﺑـﻪرﻫـﻪ ـﻣgـﲃ
ﻛـﻪوت ،ﻧـﻪﺧـﴙ دﻩرﻩ<ـﻪ دوو €ــ
ﺳ{,ـ¬ﻰ ﻫـﻪﯾـﻪ 8 .ﺣـﲀﯾـﻪﺗـﺪا ﻫـﻪ ـ ـ
ﻛـﯚﻣـﻪmﯾـﻪﰏ €ﺋـﻪ>ـﻼﰵ ﻫـﻪﯾـﻪ ﻛـﻪ دﻩ ﯾـﻪﻛ{ــﻚ 8ﻗـﺎرﻩﻣـﺎﻧـﻪﰷﻧﻴــﺪا رﻩ³ـﮓ دﻩداﺗـﻪوﻩ و دﻩﺑ±.ـــﻪ
ﻛ.ﺸـﻪ و دﻩﺗـﻮاﻧـﲔ وﻩك ﺋـﺎﻣـﺮازzـﲃ
ﺳـﻪرﻣـﻪﺷـﻖ .ﺣـﲀﯾـﻪت ﺑـﯚ ـﻣ•ـﺪاmن زۆر ﺳـﻪرﳒـﺮ Ðـ ـ
ﺷ,ﻨـﻪ
™رﻫـ ـ{ﻨـﺎن ﻛـﻪžـﲃ ﻟـ‚ وﻩرﮔـﺮtـﻦ .ـﮔﻴـﺎﻧـﺪارى ـﻧ{ـﻮ ﺣـﲀﯾـﻪت ﻫـﻪر ﯾـﻪﻛـﻪى ﳕـﻮوﻧـﻪى /ـﻪ ــ
ــــﻪﱙ و ﰉ ـﺳﻔـﻪﰏ و
ــــﺎزىê ،ـﺸ,ﻴـــ• ــﻧRﺸـﺎﻧـﻪى ﺳ,ﭙŸ
ﺋـﻪ>ـﻼق و ﺋـwﰷرن :رeـﻮى ــﻧRﺸـﺎﻧـﻪى ﻓŸgﺒ
ﺳـﻪگ ــﻧRﺸـﺎﻧـﻪى وﻩﻓـﺎدارى و ﺑـﻪﺋـﻪﻣـﻪﮔﻴــﻪ .ﺣـﲀﯾـﻪت ﺋـﻪﻧـﺪازﻩ و ™رﺳـ,ﺘــﺎﱙ د€رـtﻜـﺮاوى ﻧﻴــﻪ و
qﻮرﰏ و درzﮋىﯾﻪﻛﻪى ﺑﻪ دﻩﺳﺖ دارzﮋﻩرﻩﻛﻪﯾﻪﰏ.
١
) (٧ﺗﻪرم
ﻓﻪرﻫﺎد ﺷwﻛﻪﱃ
8زﯾﻨﺪاﱏ ﺗﻪﳖﺎﯾ)ـﻤﻪوﻩ ` /ﺎو \½ ﰷت
دﻩﺷ,ﱴ ﺑ{ﻜﻪcرى ﺑ{ﺪﻩ³ﮕ)ﻴﻪ.
ﺑﻪﻓﺮ ﮔﺮﺗﻮوﯾﻪﰏ.
٢
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™ 8 la bâr i for theری ; pitaw firmـﭘﺘـﻪو ; qurs fixedﻗـﻮرس ; newarok contentsـﻧ{ـﻮﻩرۆک
âkârﺋـــwﰷر ; kamhawen unproductiveﮐـــﻪ2ـــﻪوzـــﻦ ; zânyârî scienceزاﻧـــﻴـــﺎری ;purpose of
ﺳ ـﻪرﻩﰽ ; sâgh soundﺳ ـﺎغ ; zînawar animalزﯾ ـﻨ ـﻪوﻩر ; Z™ bâłinda birdـﻨ ـﺪﻩ ;conduct, morals
; daraja classدﻩرﻩ<ـﻪ ; nakhsh roleﻧـﻪﺧـﺶ ; âdamîzâd human beingﺋـﺎدﻩﻣـﲒاد ;sarakî main
ﻣRﺸـﻪ
ﺋـﻪ>ـﻼﰵ ; komałâyatî socialﮐـﯚﻣـﻪmﯾـﻪﰏ ; barham produceﺑـﻪرﻫـﻪم ; hamîsha alwaysﻫـﻪ ـ ـ
; sarmashq lessonﺳـــــﻪرﻣـــــﻪﺷـــــﻖ ; rang-dânawa to colorرﻩ³ـــــﮓ داﻧـــــﻪوﻩ ;akhlâqî moral
ﻫ{ﻨـﺎن ; âmřâz instrument, toolﺋـﺎﻣـ½از ; wak asوﻩک ; sarinjrâkesh attractiveﺳـﻪرﳒـﺮ Ðـﮐ.ـﺶ
™ر ـ ـ
; kalk war-girtin la to benefit fromﮐــﻪžــﮏ وﻩرﮔــﺮoــﻦ bârhenân upbringing, education; 8
ﻓŸgﺒـﺎزی ; akhlâq moralsﺋـﻪ>ـﻼق ; nimûna exampleﳕـﻮوﻧـﻪ ; gyândâr animalـﮔﻴـﺎﻧـﺪار
fełbâzîـ ـ ـ
ـــﻪﱙ ;ê pishîla catـﺸـ,ﻴــ• ;trickery
sagﺳـﻪگ ; besifatî disloyaltyــﺑ.ﺴﻔــﻪﰏ ; sipłaî infidelityﺳـ,ﭙŸ
; andâza lengthﺋـﻪﻧـﺪازﻩ ; baamagî faithfulnessﺑـﻪﺋـﻪﻣـﻪﮔـﯽ ; wafâdârî fidelityوﻩﻓـﺎداری ;dog
ﺳ,ﺘـﺎﱙ
درzـﮋی ;‘ kurtî shortnessـﻮرﰏ ; dyârîkirâw set, determinedد€رـtﮑـﺮاو ;™ bâristâî sizeر ــ
dârezhar formulator.دارzﮋﻩر ;drezhî length
8 ٢ﻓﻪرﻫﺎد ﺷwﻛﻪﱃ» ،ﺑﯚﱏ `رtﲃ« ) ٩٩-٩٣ ،(Spånga, Sweden: APEC, 1997وﻩرﮔﲑاو.
122
READINGS
ﺑﻪم ﺷﻪوﮔﺎرﻩ
ﻫﺎوارێ وﻩك ﻟﻮورﻩ دﻩ³ﮓ دﻩداﺗﻪوﻩ.
ﻫﺎوارى ﺑﻪﻧﺪﯾﻴﻪﻛﻪ `ك و ﺗﻪﻧﻴﺎ.
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ﺋـﻪو /ـﻪﻧـﺪ رۆژﻩى ﺳـﻪرﻩ` ™ﺷـﱰ ﺑـﻮو ،ﺑـﻪmم ﺋـﻪوﻩ` 8م ﺑـﻪ€ﻧـRـ)ـﻪوﻩ ﺗـﻪرﻣـﻪﻛـﻪى ™وﰼ
ﺑــﯚﱏ qــﺮدووﻩ .زۆر cﺧــﯚﺷــﻪ ،زۆر زﻩﲪــﻪﺗــﻪ ﺑــﻪو ﺷ ,ــــ{ــﻮﻩﯾــﻪ ™ﳻ ™وﰼ \ــﻜــﻪم،
ﻣgﻜـﻪ ﺑـﯚﻧRــﴙ qـﺮدووﻩ.
ﺴ,ﺘـﺎ ﺋـﻪو ﺗـﻪر ــ
™ﳻ ﺗـﻪرﻣـﻪﻛـﻪى ـ\ﻜـﻪم ،ﺑـﻪmم ﭼـﻰ ـ\ﻜـﻪم؟ واﯾـﻪ .ﺋ.ــ ــ
ﺑـﯚﻧـﻪﻛـﻪى ﱓ ﺋـﻪوﻩ ﻧ)Rـــﻪ ﭘﻴــﺎو ﺧـﯚى ﻟـ‚ ﻧـﻪ™ن \ـﲀت و ﮔـﻮeـ¬ﻰ ﻧـﻪدا• .ﺑـﯚﻧ{ــﲃ ﺗـ éو ﻟـﻴﻨــﺞ و
ﻗـــﻮرﺳـــﻪ .وا ﻫـــﻪﺳـــﺖ دﻩﻛـــﻪم ﮔـــﻪرووﱉ ﻟـــ‚ -ـــ½ ﺑـــﻮوﻩ و ﺑـــﻪ cو دﻩﻣـــﺎر و رﻩگ و
ﻧRﺸﻤـﺪا ﭘـﻪﺧـﺶ دﻩﺑ.ــﺖ .ﻣـﻦ دZـﻨﻴــﺎم ﺋـﻪم ﺑـﯚﻧـﻪ ﺑـﯚ ﻛـﻪﺳـ{,ــﲃ oـﺮ زۆر ﻗـﻮرﺳـﱰﻩ،
ﻣـﺎﺳـﻮوـžﻜـﻪﰷ ــ ـ
زۆر cﺧـﯚﺷـﱰﻩ .ﻣـﻦ 8ﺑـﻪر ﺋـﻪوﻩى ﺗـﻪرﱉ ™وﳈـﻪc ،ﺗـﻮاﱎc ،وzـﺮم 8دZـﻪوﻩ ﺑ{Ÿـــﻢ ﺑـﯚﻧـﻪﻛـﻪى
ﺑ{ﺠﮕـﻪ 8وﻩش ﻣـﻦ /cـﺎرم 8ﮔـﻪڵ ﺋـﻪم ﺑـﯚﻧـﻪدا8 ،ﮔـﻪڵ ﺋـﻪم ـﺗ ﻪرﻣـﻪدا \ـﮋﱘ ،ﺑـﻪmم
واﯾـﻪ .ـ ـ ـ
ﺳ{,ـﲃ oـﺮ دﻩﺗـﻮا œـﻟ{ـ¬ﻰ دوورـ\ﻜـﻪو ـeﺘـﻪوﻩ و ﺧـﯚى رزﮔـﺎر \ـﲀت .ﻛـﻪس 7cﺑـﻪ زۆر
ﻛـﻪ ــ
ﺧﯚى ﺑﻪ ﺑﯚﻧ{ﲃ وا وڕ و ﰷس \ﲀت.
8ﺳـﻪرﻩ`دا ﻫـﻪر ـﺗ ﻪر ـﻣgـﻚ ﺑـﻮو ،ـﺗ ﻪر ـﻣgـﲃ وﺷـﻚ و رﻩق ،ﻛـﻪ ` دﻩﻫـﺎت ﻗـﻮرﺳـﱰ
٢
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/ ` tâ châwـﺎو \ـ½ ﰷت ; tanhâî lonelinessﺗـﻪﳖـﺎﱙ ; zîndân prisonزـﯾﻨـﺪان ; tarm corpseﺗـﻪرم
; bedangî silenceﺑـ{ـﺪﻩ³ـﮕـﯽ ; bekanâr unlimitedﺑـ{ـﮑـﻪcر ;biř kât as far as the eye can see
hâwârﻫ ـﺎوار ; shawgâr nighttimeﺷ ـﻪوﮔ ـﺎر ; bafr girtin for snow to cover s.th.ﺑ ـﻪﻓ ـﺮ ﮔ ـﺮ oـﻦ
` tâk solitary.ک ; bandî prisonerﺑﻪﻧﺪی ; lûra growlﻟﻮورﻩ ;cry
٢
ﺑــﯚن ‘ــﺮدن ; bayânî morningﺑــﻪ€ﱏ ; awatâ there, voilàﺋــﻪوﻩ` ; saratâ beginningﺳــﻪرﻩ`
ﺷ{,ـﻮﻩ ; zaḥmat difficultزﻩﲪـﻪت ;c nâkhosh unpleasantﺧـﯚش ;bon-kirdin to smell
shewaــ
nabânﻧـــﻪ™ن ‘ـــﺮدن ; hî reallyﻫـــﯽ ;™ bâs i … kirdin to discuss s.th.ﳻ … ‘ـــﺮدن ;mannerـــﺞ ; tîzh sharpﺗـ gwe-dânà to pay attention to; éﮔـﻮێ داﻧـﻪ ;kirdin to ignore
; lînj cloyingﻟﻴﻨ
; damar veinدﻩﻣـﻪر ; garû throatﮔـﻪروو ; hast-kirdin to feelﻫـﻪﺳـﺖ ‘ـﺮدن ; qurs heavyﻗـﻮرس
pakhsh-bûn ba nâw to spreadﭘـﻪﺧـﺶ ﺑـﻮون ﺑـﻪ cو ; mâsûlka sinewﻣـﺎﺳـﻮوـžﮑـﻪ ; rag arteryرﻩگ
و zـﺮان ;8 labar awaî because of the fact thatﺑ ـﻪر ﺋ ـﻪوﻩی ; diłnyâ convincedد Zـﻨ ـﻴ ـﺎ ;through
’ bejiga lﺑــ{ــﺠــﮕــﻪ 8وﻩش ; 8 la diława gotin to say to oneselfدZــﻪوﻩ ﮔــﯚoــﻦ ;werân to dare
دوور ; zhîn (zhî-) to liveژtـﻦ )ژی( ;/c nâchâr (+ subj.) obliged toـﺎر ;awa’sh nonetheless
kasﮐـﻪس cﯾـﻪ ﺑـﻪ زۆر ; rizgâr-kirdin to saveرزﮔـﺎر ﮐـﺪرن ;‘ dûr-kirdinawa to get rid ofـﺮدﻧـﻪوﻩ
kâs faint.ﰷش ; wiř dizzyوڕ ;nâye ba zor (+ subj.) no one could be forced to
123
SORANI KURDISH
وﮔـﺮاﻧـﱰ دﻩﺑـﻮو و 8ﻫـﻪ ـZﮕـﺮoـﻦ ﻧـﻪدﻩﻫـﺎت .زۆرى ﻣـﺎﻧـﺪوو qـﺮدم ،ﻣـﻪرﮔـﻢ ﺑـﻪ /ـﺎوى ﺧـﯚم
ﺟgﮕـﺎﯾـﻪ .ﺋـﻪى 8ﺋ.ــﺴ,ﺘـــﻪ ﺑـﻪ
ﺑRــﲎ ،ﺑـﻪmم ﻫـﻪر ﭼـﯚﻧ{ــﻚ bﮔـﻪ€ﻧـﺪﻣـﻪ ﺋ.ــﺮﻩ ،ﮔـﻪ€ﻧـﺪﻣـﻪ ﺋـﻪم ــ
دواوﻩ ﭼﻰ \ﻜﻪم؟ ﭼﻰ 8و \ﻜﻪم و ﺧﯚم ﭼﻰ \ﻜﻪم؟؟
ﺋـﻪو ﺋـ{ـﻮارﻩى ﻛـﻪوﺗـRـ•ـﻪ رێ ™وﰼ رeـﻚ و ﺳـﭗ و ﺳـﺎغ ﺑـﻮو .ﻫـﻴـﭻ ﻧـRـﺸـﺎﻧـﻪﯾـﻪﰽ
ﻧـﻪﺧـﯚﳽ و ﻣـﺎﻧـﺪدوﺑـﻮوﱏ ـﭘ{ـﻮﻩ د€ر ﻧـﻪﺑـﻮو .ﺧـﯚى ﻫـﻪﺳ,ــﱴ ﺑـﻪ ـﻫﻴـﭻ ﻧـﻪدﻩqـﺮد و ﻣ•Rـــﺶ
ﻫﻴﭽـﻰ وام ﺗﻴــﺎ ﺑـﻪ دى ﻧـﻪqـﺮدc .زاﱎ ﺑـﯚ ﭼـﻰ ﭘ{ــ¬ﻰ ﺧـﯚش ﺑـﻮو ﺳـﻪر 8ﺋ{ــﻮارﻩ ـ\ﻜـﻪوﯾﻨــﻪ رێ.
ــ
ﻣـﻦ Éـﻪزم دﻩqـﺮد ﺑـﻪر ﺑـﻪ€ﻧ)Rـــﻪﰽ زوو دﻩر/ـﲔ و ﯾـﻪﻛـﻪم رۆژﻩﻛـﻪﻣـﺎن رۆژzـﲃ درzـﮋ ﺑ.ــﺖ و
/ـﻪﻧـﺪ ﻗـﯚcﺧgــﲃ ™ش ﺑـt²ـﻦ .ﺋـﻪو ﺑـﻪ ﺟـﯚرzـﲃ د ـtﻜـﻪ ﺑـﲑى ﻟـ‚ qـﺮدﺑـﻮوﻩوﻩ .ﻧـﻪ ـﺧﺸـﻪﻛـﻪى ﺑـﻪ
ﺟـﯚرzـﲃ د ـtﻜـﻪ داcﺑـﻮو .دﻩﯾـﻮـIﺴـﺖ ﯾـﻪﻛـﻪم رۆژ زۆر ﻣـﺎﻧـﺪوو ﻧـﻪﺑـﲔ ،ﺋ{ــﻮارﻩﻛـﻪى ـ\ﻜـﻪوﯾﻨــﻪ
ﺷﻜـﻪوﺗـﻪﻛـﻪ .ﺋـﻪو ﺷـﻪوﻩ 8وێ
رێ و دواى ﭘ•.ـــﺞ ﺷـﻪش ﺳـﻪÈـﺎﰏ ﺧـﯚﻣـﺎن ـ\ﮕـﻪﯾـﻪﻧ•Rـــﻪ ﺋـﻪ ـ
ﺑﺒــﻪﯾﻨــﻪ ﺳـﻪر .ﺋـﻪو ﯾـﻪﻛـﻪم رۆژى ﺑـﯚ ﺧـﯚراﻫـ{ﻨــﺎن ،ﺑـﯚ ﻣـﻪﺷـﻖ داcﺑـﻮو ،ﺑـﯚ ﺋـﻪوﻩى ﭘـ¬‚ و ﭘﻠــﲈن
راﺑ.ــﺖ و 8ﻫـﻪﻣـﻮو روو ــﯾ{ﻜـﻪوﻩ ﺧـﯚﻣـﺎن ﺑـﯚ ﺋـﻪو ر ـzﮕـﻪ دوور و درzـﮋﻩ ﺋـﺎﻣـﺎدﻩ ـ\ﻜـﻪtـﻦ< .ـﺎ ﺑـﻪ
راﺳ,ــﱴ ™ﺷRــﴙ ﺑـﯚ ﭼـﻮوﺑـﻮو ،ﭼـﻮ ـ³ﻜـﻪ ﺋـﻪﮔـﻪر واﻣـﺎن ﻧـﻪqـﺮداﯾـﻪ ،ﺋـﻪﮔـﻪر وﻩك ﻣـﻦ ﺑـﲑم ﻟـ‚
qـﺮدﺑـﻮوﻩوﻩ ،واﻣـﺎن ـ\ﻜـﺮداﯾـﻪ ،دﻩﻓـﻪو`tـﻦ .ﻫـﻪر ﯾـﻪﻛـﻪم رۆژ ﺑـﻪ ﺗـﻪواوى ﻣـﺎﻧـﺪوو دﻩﺑـﻮوtـﻦ و
ر ـzﮕـﻪﻛـﻪ /ـﺎوoـﺮﺳ.ــﲎ دﻩqـﺮدtـﻦ ،ﺑـﻪmم ﺑـﲑﻩﻛـﻪى ﺋـﻪو ﺋـﻪوﻩ ﺑـﻮو ﻛـﻪ ﯾـﻪﻛـﻪم رۆژ ﺧـﯚﻣـﺎن ﺑـﻪ
ﺗـﻪواوى 8ﻗـﻪرﻩى ﺳـﻪﺧـﱴ و زﻩﲪـﻪﺗـRـ)ـﻪﻛـﻪ cدﻩtـﻦ/c ،ـﲔ ﺑـﻪ ﮔـﮋ ﺋـﻪو رzـﮕـﺎ درzـﮋﻩ
زراوﺗـﻮﻗ)ﻨـــﻪدا ،ﺗـﻪﻧﻴــﺎ ﺧـﯚﻣـﺎن `ﰵ دﻩﻛـﻪﯾﻨــﻪوﻩ و /ـﺎو و ﻻق و دﻩﺳـﺖ و ـêﺸ,ــ!ن ،ﻫـﻪﻣـﻮو
ﮔﻴﺎﳕﺎن رادﻩﻫ{ﻨﲔ و ﺧﯚﻣﺎن ﺑﯚ رۆژى دواoﺮ و ﺑﯚ رۆژﻩﰷﱏ دواoﺮ ﺋﺎﻣﺎدﻩ دﻩﻛﻪtﻦ.
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٢
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` tâ dahât, …tir dabû as timeدﻩﻫـــﺎتo… ،ـــﺮ دﻩﺑـــﻮو ; raq stiffرﻩق ; wishk dryوﺷـــﮏ
ﻣـﺎﻧـﺪوو ; hał-girtin to pick upﻫـﻪ ـZﮕـﺮoـﻦ ; girân heavyﮔـﺮان ;… went on, it kept getting more
harﻫـﻪر ﭼـﯚﻧ{ــﮏ bînîn to see; bﺑﻴ*ـــﲔ ; marg deathﻣـﻪرگ ;‘ mândû-kirdin to make tiredـﺮدن
8 la esta ba dwâwa from now on.ﺋ.ﺴ,ﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ دواوﻩ ;chonèk be somehow or other
٢
sip u sâghﺳـﭗ و ﺳـﺎغ ; rek in order, all rightرzـﮏ ; kawtinà re to start outﮐـﻪوﺗـﻨـﻪ رێ
ba dî kirdin toﺑـــﻪ دی ‘ـــﺮدن ; tyâ in himﺗـــﻴـــﺎ ; nakhoshî illnessﻧـــﻪﺧـــﯚﳽ ;hail and hearty
É ḥaz-kirdin to like (for theـﻪز ‘ـﺮدن ; sar la ewâra towards eveningﺳـﻪر 8ﺋ{ــﻮارﻩ ;observe
bar bayân i zû early in the mornﺑــــﻪر ﺑــــﻪ€ﱏ زوو ;)use of the past progressive, see §32ﺑـﲑ ;) qonâkh halt (on a journeyﻗـﯚcخ ; drezh longدرzـﮋ ; dar-chûn to go outدﻩرﭼـﻮون ;ing
nakhsha dâ-nân to makeﻧـﻪﺧـﺸـﻪ داcن ;‘ bîr-kirdinawa la to have an idea aboutـﺮدﻧـﻪوﻩ 8
ﺷﮑـﻪوت ; kho gayândinà to get oneself toﺧـﯚ ﮔـﻪ€ﻧـﺪﻧـﻪ ; sa‘ât hourﺳـﻪ Èـﺎت ;plans
ashkawtﺋـﻪ ـ
124
READINGS
ﺋـﻪﻣـﻪIـﺶ ،ﺋـﻪم ﺑـﲑﻩIـﺶ دادى ﻧـﻪداtـﻦ .د ـIﺴـﺎن ﻫـﻪر ﺗﻴــﺎ ﭼـﻮوtـﻦ .د ـIﺴـﺎن ﻫـﻪر ﻫـﻪﻣـﻮو
ﺳ)£ـﺪا ﺋـﻪو ﺧـﯚى ـﺗﻴـﺎ ﭼـﻮو ،ﻣـﻦ .cﺋـﻪوﻩى ﺑـﻪ >ـﻪZ€ـﻰ
ﺷg£ﻜـﲈن ﻟـ‚ ـﺗ{ـﻚ ﭼـﻮو 8 .را ـ ـ
ـــ
ﻛـﻪﺳـﲈﻧـﺪا ﻧـﻪدﻩﻫـﺎت و ﻧـﻪﻫـﺎﺗﺒــﻮو رووى دا .ﺑـﲑم 8ﻫـﻪر ﺷg£ـــﻚ qـﺮدﺑ±.ـــﻪوﻩ ،ﺑـﲑم 8ﻣـﺮدن،
ﻣـﺮدﱏ ™وﰼ ،ﻧـﻪqـﺮدﺑـﻮوﻩوﻩ .دﻩ ـ{Zـﻢ ﺋـﻪو ـﺗﻴـﺎ ﭼـﻮو ،ﺑـﻪmم ﺑـﻪ راﺳ,ــﱴ ﺋـﻪوﻩى ـﺗﻴـﺎ ﭼـﻮوﻩ ﻣـﲌ،
ﻧـﻪك ﺋـﻪو .ﺋـﻪو ﻣـﺮد و رزﮔـﺎرى ﺑـﻮو ،ﺑـﻪmم ﺋـﻪوﻩ ﻣـﲌ ﻛـﻪ ﻫـﻪرﭼـﻰ ™رى ﮔـﺮاﱏ ﺋـﻪم د ـﻧﻴـﺎﯾـﻪ
ﻫـﻪﯾـﻪ ﺑـﻪ ﺳـﻪر ﺷـﺎﳕـﻪوﻩﯾـﻪ .ﺋـﻪوﻩ ﻣـﲌ ﻛـﻪ ﺳـﻪرى دﻧﻴــﺎم ﻟـ‚ ﻫـﺎﺗـﯚﺗـﻪ ﯾـﻪك و cزاﱎ ﭼـﻰ ـ\ﻜـﻪم.
ﺟ)ــﺎوازﯾﻴــﻪﻛـﻪ ﺑـﻪ روواZـﻪت ﺋـﻪوﻩﯾـﻪ :ﺋـﻪو ﻣـﺮدووﻩ و ﻣـﻦ زﯾﻨــﺪووم ،ﺑـﻪmم ﺳـﻪد ﺧـﯚزﮔـﻪم ﺑـﻪ
ﺧـﯚى ،ﺳـﻪد ﺧـﯚزﮔـﻪ ﺑـﻪ ﻫـﻪﻣـﻮو ﻣـﺮدووﯾـﻪك ،ﺑـﻪس ﻧ)Rـــﻪ ﯾـﻪ ـ9æـﺎرﻩ دﻩﻣـﺮﯾـﺖ و ﺗـﻪواو .ﻣ•Rـــﺶ
ﺑـﻪ .>cــﺮى ﮔﻴــﺎﱎ زﯾﻨــﺪووم و دﻩژﱘ ،ﻛـﻪﭼـﻰ ﺋـﻪوﻩى ﻫﻴــﻮا 8 bدZـﲈ ﻧ)Rـــﻪ ،ﺋـﻪوﻩى رووcﰽ
8 bﻫﻴﭻ ﻻﯾ{ﻜﻪوﻩ cﺑRﲌ و ﺑﻪ دى cﻛﻪم.
™وﰼ زۆر زوو ﻣـﺮد™ .وﻩڕم ﻧـﻪدﻩqـﺮد ﻫـﻪروا زوو ﻣـﻪرگ ﺑـﻪرﺑ.ــﲎ ـ\ﮕـﺮێ و ﺗـﻪ ـ³ﮕـﻰ ﭘـ¬‚
ﻫـﻪ ـZﭽـ™ .xﳻ ﺗـﻪﻣـﻪﱏ cﻛـﻪم™ ،ﳻ ﺋـﻪوﻩ دﻩﻛـﻪم ﻛـﻪ زوو 8ﭘـﻪﻟـﻮﭘـﯚ ﻛـﻪوت و ﺗـﻪواو ﺑـﻮو.
ﺑـﯚ ﺗـﻪﻣـﻪن ﺑـﻪﳽ ﺧـﯚى ﺗـﻪﻣـﻪﱏ ﻫـﻪﺑـﻮو 8 .ﺷـﻪﺳـﺖ ﺑـﻪرﻩو ژوور ﺑـﻮو .ﺳـﺎردى و ﮔـﻪرﻣـﲕ
ژ€ﻧـRـﴙ زۆر دﯾـ£ـyـﻮو .ﺋـﻪم <ـﺎرﻩ زۆر ﺑـﻪرﮔـﻪى ﻧـﻪﮔـﺮت .رۆژى ﭘـ.ـ•ـ9ـﻪﳑـﺎن ﺑـﻮو .ﺑـﯚ
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ـــﺎن ;)\ birdinà sar to spend (timeـﺮدﻧـﻪ ﺳـﻪر ;cave
kho râ-henân to get oneself intoﺧـﯚ راﻫ{ﻨ
râ-bûn to become accusراﺑ ـﻮون ; pil toesﭘ ـﻞ ; pe footﭘ ـ¬‚ ; mashq practiceﻣ ـﻪﺷ ـﻖ ;shape; ba râstî reallyﺑـﻪ راﺳ,ــﱴ ; âmâda-kirdin to make readyﺋـﺎﻣـﺎدﻩ ‘ـﺮدن ; rega roadر ـzﮕـﻪ ;tomed
baﺑــــﻪ ﺗــــﻪواوی ; fawtân to be exhaustedﻗــــﻪو`ن ;™ bâsh chûn bo to go well forش ﭼــــﻮون
qara iﻗ ـﻪرﻩی ; / châwtirsen-kirdin to teach a lessonـﺎو oـﺮﺳ ـ .ـﻦ ‘ ـﺮدن ;tawâwî completely
ﺑـﻪ ﮔـﮋ ; kho dân la to subject oneself toﺧـﯚ دان sakhtî hardship; 8ﺳـﻪﺧـﱴ ;anywhere near
`ﰵ ‘ـــﺮدﻧـــﻪوﻩ ; zirâwtoqîn gallingزراوﺗـــﯚﻗـــﲔ ;… ba gizh …dâ chûn to tangle withدا ﭼـــﻮون
gyân body.ﮔﻴﺎن ;ê pisht backﺸﺖ ; lâq legﻻق ;tâqî-kirdinawa to test
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tyâ-chûn to go away,ﺗـﻴـﺎ ﭼـﻮون ; dîsân againدIـﺴـﺎن ; dâd-dân to work out forداد دان
ﺑـــﻪ ;> khayâł imaginationـــﻪ€ڵ ; tek-chûn la to go wrong forﺗـــ{ـــﮏ ﭼـــﻮون to be gone; 8
rû-dân toروودان ;> ba khayâł i …dâ hâtin to occur to the mind ofـــــﻪZ€ـــــﯽ …دا ﻫـــــﺎoـــــﻦ
; shân shouldersﺷــﺎن ; dinyâ worldدﻧــﻴــﺎ ;™ bâr loadر ; nak aw not himﻧــﻪک ﺋــﻪو ;happen
ﺟ)ــﺎوازی ; sar i dinyâ hâtinà yek la for the world to collapse aroundﺳـﻪری دﻧﻴــﺎ ﻫـﺎﺗﻨــﻪ ﯾـﻪک 8
sad khozga “a greatﺳــﻪد ﺧــﯚزﮔــﻪ ; ba ruwâłat obviouslyﺑــﻪ روواZــﻪت ;jyâwâzî difference
; kachî butﮐـﻪﭼـﯽ ; ba nâkher i gyân unwillinglyﺑـﻪ >cـ.ـﺮی ﮔـﻴـﺎن ; bas enoughﺑـﻪس ;”pity
rûnâkî brightness.رووcﰽ
125
SORANI KURDISH
ﺷـﻪوﻩﻛـﻪى ™وﰼ ﻣـﺮد .ﺋـﻪﮔـﻪر ﺋـﻪو ﺷـﻪوﻩ ﲟـﺎ™ﯾـﻪ و ـ\ﮕـﻪIـﺸـ,ﺘــﺎﯾـﻪﺗـﻪ رۆژ ،ﭘ{ــﲈن دﻩcﯾـﻪ رۆژى
ﺷـﻪﺷـﻪم ،ﺑـﻪmم ﺋـﻪو ﺋـﻪو ﺷـﻪوﻩ ﺗـﻪواو ﺑـﻮو .ﻣـﺮدﻧـﻪﻛـﻪى qـﻮﺗـﻮ-ـ½ ﺑـﻮو .رۆژاﱏ ﺳـﻪرﻩ` زۆر
ﭘ9•.ـﻪم ،ﻣـﺎﻧـﺪو£eــﲕ ﭘ{ــﻮﻩ د€ر ﺑـﻮو.
™ش ﺑـﻮو ،زۆرIـﺶ ﺑـﻪﮔـﻮڕ ﺑـﻮو .ﺗـﻪﻧﻴــﺎ دوا رۆژ ،رۆژى ـــ
ﻫـﻪﺳ,ـﱲ qـﺮد وﻩك <ـﺎران ﻫـﻪ ـ³ﮕـﺎو œcو ﭘ.ــﺶ cﻛـﻪوێ< .ـﺎرو™ر رادﻩوﻩﺳـ,ﺘــﺎ و ـêﺸـﻮوﯾـﻪﰽ
™ﳽ دﻩدا و ﺋـﻪو<ـﺎ دﻩﻛـﻪوﺗـﻪوﻩ رێ .ﻣـﻦ 8ﺑـﻪر دZـﻰ ﺋـﻪو ﭘ.ــﴙ ﻧـﻪدﻩﻛـﻪوﰎ ،ﻧـﻪﻣـﺪﻩوـIﺴـﺖ
ﻫـﻪﺳـﺖ ﺑـﻪوﻩ \ـﲀت ﻛـﻪ دﻩزاﱎ ﻣـﺎﻧـﺪووﻩ .ﻣ•Rـــﺶ ﺧـﯚﱈ دوا دﻩ ـﺧﺴـﺖ و ﻫـﻪ ـ³ﮕـﺎوم ﺷﻠــﱰ
ﺷ,ﻴـﻮzـﲃ ﻗـﻮوڵ .ـﺋ ﺎﺳـﯚى ﺧـﯚرـ›ﺸـﲔ
دﻩ ـ qﺮدﻩوﻩ .ﺧـﯚراواﯾـﻪﰽ درﻩ³ـﮓ ﺑـﻮو .ﻻﻣـﺎن داﯾـﻪ ــ
ﺟgﮕـﻪﯾـﻪﰽ وا ﺷـﻪوﻩﻛـﻪى
ﺳـﻮوراﱙى ﻟـ‚ \ـ½اﺑـﻮو .دﻩﺑـﻮو راوﻩﺳـ,ﺘــﲔ ،دﻩﺑـﻮو /ـﺎو ـ\ﮕ.ــ½tـﻦ ﺑـﯚ ــ
ـﺗ{ـﺪا ـﺑﺒـﻪ ـﯾﻨـﻪ ﺳـﻪر .رۆژاﱏ د ـtﻜـﻪش ﻫـﻪر واﻣـﺎن qـﺮدﺑـﻮو .ﺋـﻪو ـﺋ{ـﻮارﻩﯾـﻪ ™وﰼ وﻩك <ـﺎران
ﺸ,ﺘـﲔ ﻫـﻪcﺳـﻪﯾـﻪﰽ ﻗـﻮوZـﻰ
ﻧـﻪﺑـﻮو .رﻩ ـ³ﮕـﻰ ـ ـ ـ
ﺗ{ﻜﭽـﻮوﺑـﻮو .ﻛـﻪ 8ﭘـﻪcى ﻛـﻪﻧـﺪاZـﻪﻛـﻪدا داﻧRــ ــ
ﻫﻴﭽـﻰ ﻧـﻪوت .دﻩﻣـﺰاﱏ ژان و >ـﻪﻣgــﲃ زۆر و ﮔـﻪورﻩ 8دڵ و دﻩرووـﻧﻴـﺪا
ﻫـﻪ ـ ــ
Zﻜ.ﺸـﺎ و ـ ـ
ﺳ,ﺘـﻪmﰏ ـﲠ{ـ xﺑـﻪ رووى
ﭘـﻪ ـ³ﮕـﻰ ﺧـﻮاردۆﺗـﻪوﻩ ،ﺑـﻪmم ﺋـﻪو 8واﻧـﻪ ﻧـﻪﺑـﻮو زﻩﺑـﻮوﱏ و ـﺑ{ـﺪﻩ ــ
ﻫﻴﭽـﻰ ﻧـﻪو ـIﺴـﺖ.
ﺧـﯚﯾـﺪا .زۆر ﻫـﻪوZـﻢ 8ﮔـﻪZـﻰ دا ﭘـﺎرووﻩ cﻧ{ــﻚ ﲞـﻮا ،ﻗـﻮﻣـ‚ ﺋـﺎو ﲞـﻮاﺗـﻪوﻩ .ــ
ﻫﻴﭽـﻢ ﭘـ¬‚ cﺧـﻮرێ «.ﻧـﻪﮔـﻪIـﺸـ,ﺘــﻪ ﺑـﻪ€ﱏ .ﻫـﻪر ﺋـﻪو
وﰏ »ﺗـﯚ cﱏ ﺧـﯚت ﲞـﯚ .ﻣـﻦ ﺋ.ــﺴـ,ﺘــﺎ ــ
ﺟgﮕـﺎﯾـﻪدا ﻣـﺮد .ﻣـﺮدﻧـﻪﻛـﻪﳽ زۆر ﺳـﻪtـﺮ ﺑـﻮو .ﻣـﻦ ﻛـﻪﰟ ﻧـﻪد ـﯾﺒـﻮو وا
ﺷـﻪوﻩ و ﻫـﻪر 8و ــ
ﲟﺮێ.
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١
; barben-girtin to grab by the throatﺑـﻪرﺑـ.ـﻦ ﮔـﺮoـﻦ ;™ bâwař-kirdin to believeوﻩڕ ‘ـﺮدن
8 laﭘـﻪﻟـﻮﭘـﯚ ﮐـﻪوoـﻦ ; taman ageﺗـﻪﻣـﻪن ; tang hał-chinîn ba to squeeze tightlyﺗـﻪ³ـﮓ ﻫـﻪ ـZﭽﻨــﲔ ﺑـﻪ
ba aw zhûr la on theﺑــــﻪ ﺋــــﻪو ژوور palupo kawtin to be unable to endure any longer; 8
sârdî u garmî i zhyân dîtin to experience upsﺳـــﺎردی و ﮔـــﻪرﻣـــﲕ ژ€ن دﯾـــﱳ ;other side of
ﺑـﻪﮔـﻮڕ ;‘ kutupiř quick, suddenـﻮﺗـﻮ-ـ½ ; barga-girtin to resistﺑـﻪرﮔـﻪ ﮔـﺮoـﻦ ;and downs in life
ﻫـﻪ ـ³ﮕـﺎو cن ; wak jârân as beforeوﻩک <ـﺎران ; mândwetî exhaustionﻣـﺎﻧـﺪوeـﱴ ;baguř strong
8 labar dił i inﺑـﻪر دZـﯽ ; pishû-dân to take a breathـêﺸـﻮو دان ;hangâw-nân to take a step
ﻫـﻪ³ـﮕـﺎو ; kho dwâ-khistin to keep behindﺧـﯚ دوا ﺧـﺴـﱳ ;order not to hurt the feelings of
درﻩ ³ـﮓ ; khorâwâ sunsetﺧ ـﯚراوا ; hangâw shil-kirdin to slow down one’s paceﺷ ـﻞ ‘ ـﺮدن
khorﺧـﯚرـ›ﺸـﲔ ; âso horizonﺋـﺎﺳـﯚ ; qûł deepﻗـﻮوڵ ; lâ-dânà to camp inﻻ دا ـﻧ ﻪ ;dirang late/ châw-geřânـﺎو ﮔ.ــ½ان ; sûrâî le-biřân to take on a red tingeﺳـﻮوراﱙ ﻟـ‚ \ـ½ان ;nishîn sunset
; panâ shelterﭘ ـﻪ tek-chûn to be changed, different; cﺗ ـ{ ـﮏ ﭼ ـﻮون;bo to look around for
Zﮑ.ﺸـﺎن ; kandâł hillﮐـﻪﻧـﺪاڵ
witin (variantوoـﻦ ; hanâsa hał-keshân to draw a sighﻫـﻪcﺳـﻪ ﻫـﻪ ـ ــ
ﭘــــﻪ³ــــﮓ ; darûn interiorدﻩروون ;> kham griefــــﻪم ; zhân painژان ; gotin) to sayﮔــــﯚoــــﻦ of
126
READINGS
ﺴ,ﺘـﺎش ﺋـﻪوﻩ ﭼـﻮار رۆژﻩ ﻣـﻦ 8ﮔـﻪڵ ﺗـﻪرﻣـﻪﻛـﻪى ™وﳈـﺪا دﻩژﱘ .ﺋـﻪﻣـ½ۆ ،ﺋـﻪم
ـﺋ.ـ ــ
ـﺋ{ـﻮارﻩﯾـﻪ ،ﺋـﻪ ـﻣﺸـﻪو ﭼـﻮار رۆژى ﺗـﻪواوﻩ ،ﺑـﻪmم ﻣـﻪﮔـﻪر ﻫـﻪر ﺧـﻮا \ـﺰا œﭼـﯚن ﭼـﻮار
رۆژeـﻚ ﺑـﻮوﻩ .ﺋـﻪوﻩى ﺑـﻪﺳـﻪر ﻣـﻦ ﻫـﺎﺗـﻮوﻩ 8ﮔـ.ـ½اﻧـﻪوﻩ cﯾـﻪت و ﱓ ﺋـﻪوﻩ ﻧـRـ)ـﻪ ™س
\ﻜﺮێ.
ﻣـﻦ ﺋـﻪﮔـﻪر ﲟـﺰاﻧyRـــﺎﯾـﻪ ﺋـﺎوﻫـﺎﻣـﺎن ﺑـﻪ ﺳـﻪر دێ و رۆژم ﺑـﻪم رۆژﻩ دﻩﮔـﺎ ،ﺋـﻪم ر ـzﮕـﺎﯾـﻪم
ـــﻪ ﻧـﻪدﻩqـﺮد.
ﻛRﺸﻤـﻢ ﺗـﻮوﳽ ﺋـﻪم ﻫـﻪﻣـﻮو ﺑـﻪدﺑـﻪﺧـﱴ و ﻣـﺎZـﻮzـﺮاﻧ)R
ﻧـﻪدﻩﮔـﺗﺮـﻪ ﺑـﻪر و ﺧـﯚم و ™و ــ ـ
دﻩى <ـﺎ ﭼـﯚﱎ زاﻧـRـyـﺎﯾـﻪ؟ ﺧـﯚ ﻣـﻦ ﻧـﻪ <ـﺎدووﮔـﻪرم و ﻧـﻪ «ـﻪﯾـﱫان .وام زاﱏ دﻩ ﭘـﺎ³ـﺰدﻩ
رۆژ ـzﻜـﲈن ﭘـ¬‚ دﻩﭼـ‚ و ﺑـﻪ ﺧـﯚﳽ دﻩﮔـﻪﯾﻨــﻪ ﻣـﻪ³ـﺰل .ﺑـﻪ راﺳ,ــﱴ ™وﰼ 8ﻣـﻦ زo€ـﺮ Éـﻪزى
دﻩqـﺮد .ﻫـﻪر ﺧـﯚIـﴙ ﺋـﻪم ر ـzﮕـﺎﯾـﻪى ﻫـﻪZـ>ارد .ﻣـﻦ ﺑـﻪ ﮔـﻮzـﺮاﯾـﻪZـﲕ ™وﰼ راﻫـﺎﺗﺒــﻮوم 8 .ـﻗﺴـﻪى
دﻩﻧرـﻪدﻩﭼـﻮوم ،ﺑﻴــﻮ`ﯾـﻪ \ـ½ۆ 8و ﺑـﻪرزاﱙﯾـﻪ ﺧـﯚت ﲞـﻪ ﺧـﻮارﻩوﻩ ،ﺧـﯚم دﻩﺧـﺴـ,ﺘــﻪ ﺧـﻮارﻩوﻩ.
ﺋـﻪﮔـﻪر Éـﻪزم 8م ﻫـﺎ ـﺗﻨـﻪ ﻧـﻪqـﺮداﯾـﻪ ،دﻩﻣ±ــﻮاﱏ ﺑـﻪ ﺟـﯚرeـﻚ ـﺗ{ـ¬ﻰ ـ\ﮕـﻪﯾ.ــﲌ ،ﺑـﻪmم ـﭘ{ـﻢ ﺧـﯚش
ﺑﻮو ،ﺑﯚﯾﻪ ﻗﺴﻪم 8ﻗﺴﻪى ™وﳈﺪا ﻧﻪqﺮد.
ﻫـﻪر ﯾـﻪﻛـﻪم ﺷـﻪو ﻛـﻪ ﻻﻣـﺎن داﯾـﻪ ﺋـﻪ ـﺷﻜـﻪوﺗـﻪﻛـﻪ ،ﻫـﻪﺳ,ـﱲ qـﺮد ﻫـﻪ ـZﺴـﻮﻛـﻪوﰏ ™وﰼ وﻩك
<ـﺎران ﻧﻴــﻪ .دﻩم و دووى ﮔـﯚڕاوﻩ و ﺑـﻪ ﺷ{,ـــﻮﻩﯾـﻪﰽ د ـtﻜـﻪ ـﻗﺴـﻪم 8ﮔـﻪڵ دﻩﰷ< .ـﺎران ﻫـﻪر
qـﻮڕ و ™وك ﺑـﻮوtـﻦq .ـﻮڕ و ™وﻛ{ــﻚ ﻛـﻪ ﺋـﻪﮔـﻪرﭼـﻰ زۆرIـﺶ ﻧـﲒﯾـﻚ و ــﺗ{ﻜـﻪڵ ﺑـﻮوtـﻦ ،ﺑـﻪmم
١
٢
ﺳ,ﺘـﻪmﰏ ; zabûnî miseryزﻩﺑـﻮوﱏ ; pang-khwârdinawa to be pent upﺧـﻮاردﻧـﻪوﻩ
bedastaـﺑ{ـﺪﻩ ــ hawłﻫـﻪوڵ دان ; ba rû i kho’dâ henân to admitﺑـﻪ رووی ﺧـﯚدا ﻫـ{ـﻨـﺎن ;łâtî powerlessnessﻫـﻴـﭽـﻢ ; qumè âw a sip of waterﻗـﻮﻣـ‚ ﺋـﺎو ; pârû a nân piece of breadﭘـﺎرووﻩ cن ;dân to try
sayr strange.ﺳﻪtﺮ ; hîchim pe nâkhure I can’t eat anythingﭘ¬‚ cﺧﻮرێ
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magar har khwâ bizâne “could even Godﻣــﻪﮔــﻪر ﻫــﻪر ﺧــﻮا \ــﺰا amřo today; œﺋــﻪﻣــ½ۆ
; 8 la geřânawa nâyet it can’t be toldﮔ.ــ½اﻧـﻪوﻩ cﯾـﻪت ;?know,” who could possibly know
™ bâs-kirân to be talked about.س ‘ﺮان ; hî awa niya it’s not really anythingﻫﯽ ﺋﻪوﻩ ﻧﻴﻪ
٢
regâ girtinà bar toر ـzﮕـﺎ ﮔـﺮﺗﻨــﻪ ﺑـﻪر ; ba sar hâtin to happenﺑـﻪ ﺳـﻪر ﻫـﺎoـﻦ ; âwhâ thusﺋـﺎوﻫـﺎ
; badbakhtî misfortuneﺑـﻪدﺑـﻪﺧـﱴ ; tûsh i … bûn to meet withﺗـﻮوﳽ … ﺑـﻮون ;take a road
;« ghaybzân fortune tellerـﻪﯾـﱫان ;< jâdûgar magicianـﺎدووﮔـﻪر ; mâłwerânî disasterﻣـﺎZـﻮzـﺮاﱏ
gweřâyałî iﮔ ـﻮ zـ½اﯾ ـﻪ Zـﯽ ; hał-bizhârdin to selectﻫ ـﻪ Zـ>اردن ; manzil stopping placeﻣ ـﻪ ³ـﺰل
ﺧـﯚ ; barzâî high placeﺑـﻪرزاﱙ ; râ-hâtin ba to be accustomed toراﻫـﺎoـﻦ ﺑـﻪ ;submission to
ﺧﺴ•£ـﻪ ﺧـﻮارﻩوﻩ
khosh-bûnﺧـﯚش ﺑـﻮون ﺑـﻪ ; kho khistinà khwârawa to throw oneself downـ ـ ـ
qsa la qsa iـﻗﺴـﻪ 8ـﻗﺴـﻪی … ‘ـﺮدن ; bóya for that reasonﺑـﯚﯾـﻪ ;ba to be on good terms with
…dâ kirdin to contradict.
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SORANI KURDISH
د ـIﺴـﺎﻧRــﺶ ﺳـ,ﻨــﻮورeـﻚ 8ﻧ{ــﻮاﻧـﺪا دﻩﻣـﺎﯾـﻪوﻩ ،ﺳـ,ﻨــﻮورeـﻚ ﻛـﻪ ﻧـﻪ ﻣـﻦ دﻩﻣ±ــﻮاﱏ ﻟ{ــ¬ﯽ ﺑﭙــﻪڕﻣـﻪوﻩ
ﺳ,ﻨـﻮورﻩى
ﺴ,ﺘـﺎ ﻛـﻪ وﻩك ــﺑ{Ÿـ¬ﯽ ™وﰼ ﺋـﻪو ــ
و ﻧـﻪ ﺋـﻪو دﻩﯾـﻮ ـIﺴـﺖ ـﻟ{ـ¬ﯽ ﺑ±.ـــﻪ ﺋـﻪم دﯾـﻮﻩوﻩ .ﺋ.ــ ــ
رﻩ/ـﺎو ﻧـﻪدﻩqـﺮد .وﻩك دۆﺳg£ـــﻚ دﻩﯾـﺪواﻧـﺪم و -ـﺮﳻ ﭘـ¬‚ دﻩqـﺮدم .ﻣـﻦ ﻫـﻪر ﯾـﻪ ـqﺴـﻪر واى
ﺑـﯚ ﭼـﻮوم ﻛـﻪ دﻩﯾـﻪوێ ﺗ{ــﻢ ـ\ﮕـﻪﯾـﻪ .œﺋ.ــﺴـ,ﺘــﺎ ﺋﻴــﱰ دوو ﻫـﺎوﺳـﻪﻓـﻪرtـﻦ ،دوو رeﺒــﻮارtـﻦ و دﻩb
ﺧـﯚﳽ و cﺧـﯚﳽ وﻩك ﯾـﻪك ﺑـﻪش ـ\ﻜـﻪtـﻦ .ﺋـﺎى ™ﺑـﻪ ﮔﻴــﺎن! \ـﺮ €ﻧـﻪك ﭘ•.ـــﺞ رۆژ ،ﭘ•.ـــﺞ
ﺳـﺎڵ ــﭘ{ﻜـﻪوﻩ 8ﺳـﻪﻓـﻪردا ﺑـﻮوﯾﻨــﺎﯾـﻪ\ .ـﺮ €ﻫـﻪرﭼـﻰ زﻩﲪـﻪت و دﻩرد ـIﺴـﻪرى ﻫـﻪﯾـﻪ ﺑـﻪر ﻣـﻦ
ـ\ﻜـﻪو`ﯾـﻪ و ﺗـﻪﳖـﺎ ﻫـﻪر ﺗـﯚ ﻧـﻪﻣـﺮدﯾﺘــﺎﯾـﻪ> .ـﻪﱉ ﻣـﻦ ﺋ.ــﺴـ,ﺘــﺎ ﻛـﻪ ﻫـﻪر >ـﻪﻣgــﻚ و دووان ﻧ)Rـــﻪ8 ،
ﻻﯾـﻪﻛـﻪوﻩ دﻩردى ﻫـﻪرﻩ ﮔـﺮاﱏ ™وك ﻣـﺮدن 8 ،ﻻﯾـﻪ ــﻛRﺸـﻪوﻩ ﺋـﻪوﻩى ﻛـﻪ ™وﰼ ،ﺗـﻪرﱉ ™وﰼ،
ﺑـﯚﺗـﻪ ™رzـﲃ ﮔـﺮان و ﭼـﯚﺗـﻪ ﻛـﯚZـﻢ .رزﮔـﺎرﺑـﻮوــﻧRﺸـﻢ ﻧ)Rـــﻪ .ﭼـﲕ ﻟـ‚ دﻩﻛـﻪم؟ ﺧـﯚ qcـﺮێ ﻫـﻪروا
8م ﭼـﯚZـﻪواﻧ)Rـــﻪدا ﺑـﻪ ﺟgــ¬ﻰ ﲠ{Ÿـــﻢ .ﺑـﯚ ﻛ{ــ¬ﻰ ﺑـﻪ ﺟـ‚ ﲠ{Ÿـــﻢ و دواى ﭼـﻰ؟ `زﻩ 8وﻩدا ﻧـﻪﻣـﺎوﻩ
ﺑـﻪ ﭘـﻪﺷ,ــ? ـﻧﺒـﻮوﻧـﻪوﻩ ﺋـﻪم دﻩردﻩ /ـﺎر ـ\ﻜـﺮێ .ﺋـﻪﮔـﻪر ﻫـﻪر رۆژى ﯾـﻪﻛـﻪﱉ ﺳـﻪﻓـﻪرﻩﻛـﻪﻣـﺎن
ﲟـﺰاﻧyRـــﺎﯾـﻪ ﺋـﺎواﻣـﺎن ﺑـﻪ ﺳـﻪر دێ ،زۆر ﺑـﻪ ﺋـﺎﺳـﺎﱏ دﻩﮔـﻪڕاﯾﻨــﻪوﻩ ﭼـﻮـ³ﻜـﻪ ﻫ.ــﺸـ,ﺘــﺎ ³ـﺰﯾـﻚ ﺑـﻮوtـﻦ،
زۆر دوور ﻧﻪﻛﻪوﺗﺒﻮوﯾﻨﻪوﻩ.
ﺴ,ﺘـﺎ ﺋـﻪوا ﻧـﯚ رۆژﻩ ﺑـﻪ رeـﻮﻩtـﻦ و زۆر دوور ﻛـﻪوﺗـﻮو ـﯾﻨـﻪﺗـﻪوﻩ .ﻧـﯚ رۆژﻩ ﺑـﻪ
ﺑـﻪmم ﺋ.ــ ــ
ﺳ,ﺘـﻪ ،ﻧـﯚ رۆژﻩ ،ﺑـﻪmم ﻧـﯚ رۆژﻩ رێ ـ ـﻧ)Rـﻪ ،ﭼـﻮ ـ³ﻜـﻪ ﺗـﻪ ـﻧﻴـﺎ ﺋـﻪو ـ ـﭘ•.ـﺞ
رeـﻮﻩtـﻦ! ﺑـﻪZـ‚ ،را ــ
رۆژﻩى ــﭘ{ﻜـﻪوﻩ ﺑـﻮوtـﻦ ،ﻫـﻪﻣـﻮو رۆژێ ،رۆژﻩرeﻴــﻪﻛـﲈن دﻩ\ـ½ى .ﺋـﻪوﻩﻧـﺪﻩ ر ـzﮕـﻪﻣـﺎن دﻩ\ـ½ى
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١
dam u dû expresدﻩم و دوو ; hałsukawt behaviorﻫـﻪ ـZﺴـﻮﮐـﻪوت ; ashkawt caveﺋـﻪ ـﺷﮑـﻪوتﺗ{ﮑـﻪڵ ; agarchî even ifﺋـﻪﮔـﻪرﭼـﯽ ; gořân to changeﮔـﯚڕان ;sion
sinûrﺳ,ﻨـــﻮور ; tekał togetherــ
hâtinàﻫـﺎﺗـﻨـﻪ دﯾـﻪوﻩ ; pařîn la to transgressﭘـﻪڕtـﻦ ; na…na neither…norﻧـﻪ…ﻧـﻪ ;boundary
ﺑ{Ÿـ¬ﯽ ;dîawa to become apparent
rachâw kirرﻩ/ـﺎو ‘ـﺮدن ; wak biłey you might sayوﻩک ـ ـــﺮس ‘ــﺮدن ﺑــﻪ ; dwândin to speak toدواﻧــﺪن ; dost friendدۆﺳــﺖ ;din to observe, maintainﺗ{ﮕـﻪ€ﻧـﺪن ; yeksar immediatelyﯾـﻪ ـ‘ﺴـﻪر ;pirs-kirdin ba to ask questions of
te-gayândin toــ
; rebwâr travellerرeــﺒــﻮار ; hâwsafar traveling companionﻫــﺎوﺳــﻪﻓــﻪر ;make understand
;) \ biryâ would that (see §33ـﺮ ây oh; €ﺋ ـﺎی ; bash-kirdin to participate, shareﺑ ـﻪش ‘ ـﺮدن
ﻫ ـﻪر … zـﮏ و ; u tanhâ if onlyو ﺗ ـﻪﳖ ـﺎ ; dard i sar headacheدﻩردی ﺳ ـﻪر ; safar tripﺳ ـﻪﻓ ـﻪر
دﻩرد ; 8 la lâyekawa on the one handﻻﯾـــﻪﮐـــﻪوﻩ ;… har …èk u dûân just one or twoدووان
8 la lâyekîshawa on the otherﻻﯾـﻪﮐـRـﺸـﻪوﻩ ; hara-girân very heavyﻫـﻪرﻩ ﮔـﺮان ;dard pain
`زﻩ ;? dwâ i chî what forدوای ﭼ ـﯽ ; choławânî wildernessﭼ ـﯚ Zـﻪواﱏ ; koł backﮐ ـﯚڵ ;hand
/ châr-kirân ba toــﺎر ‘ــﺮان ﺑــﻪ ; pashîmânbûnawa regretﭘــﻪﺷ ,ــــ?ﻧــﺒــﻮوﻧــﻪوﻩ ;tâza moreover
heshtâ still.ﻫ.ﺸ,ﺘﺎ ; gařânawa to changeﮔﻪڕاﻧﻴﻪوﻩ ; ba âsânî easilyﺑﻪ ﺋﺎﺳﺎﱏ ;remedy
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READINGS
ﻛـﻪ ﭘﻴــﺎوeـﻚ دﻩ bﺑـﻪ رۆژeـﻚ ﺑﻴــ²ێ ،ﺑـﻪmم 8و رۆژﻩوﻩ ﻛـﻪ ™وﰼ ﻣـﺮدووﻩ ﻧـﻪﻣ±ــﻮاﻧﻴــﻮﻩ زۆر
\ـ½ۆم .ﻛـﻪ ــﭘ{ﻜـﻪوﻩ ﺑـﻮوtـﻦ /ـﺎك دﻩرۆIـﺸـ,ﺘــﲔ و ر ـzﮕـﻪﻣـﺎن دﻩ\ـ½ى .ﺋ.ــﺴـ,ﺘــﺎ ﺋـﻪوﻩ ﺑـﻪ ﻣـﻦ qcـﺮێ
ﭼـﻮ ـ³ﻜـﻪ ـﺗ ﻪ ـﻧﻴـﺎم .ـﺋ ﻪﮔـﻪر ـ ـﺑ{Ÿـﻢ 8ﺑـﻪر ـﺋ ﻪوﻩى ـﺗ ﻪ ـﻧﻴـﺎم ™ش cڕۆم ،رﻩ ـ³ﮕـﻪ راﺳـﺖ ـﻧ ﻪ8 :b
ﻻ ــﯾ{ﻜـﻪوﻩ 8ﺑـﻪر ﺋـﻪوﻩى ﭘﻴــﺎو ﻛـﻪ ﺗـﻪﻧﻴــﺎ ﺑ.ــﺖ ﺳـﻪZﺘــﻪزﻩﻻم ،bﺳـﻮوﻛـﱰﻩ و دﻩ™ bﺷـﱰ \ـ½وا
و دوا ﻧـﻪﻛـﻪوێ؛ 8ﻻﯾ{ــﲃ د ـtﻜـﻪﺷـﻪوﻩ ﭼـﻮـ³ﻜـﻪ ﺗـﻪﻧﻴــﺎ ﻧـﲓ ،ﺋ.ــﺴـ,ﺘــﺎش ﺧـﯚم و ™وﰼ ــﭘ{ﻜـﻪوﻩtـﻦ،
ﺴ,ﺘـﺎ ـﺋﻴـﱰ
ﻫـﻪر وﻩك رۆژى ﯾـﻪﻛـﻪم و وﻩك ﺋـﻪو ﭘ•.ـــﺞ رۆژﻩى ـ ـﭘ{ﻜـﻪوﻩ دﻩﻫـﺎﺗـﲔ ،ﺑـﻪmم ﺋ.ــ ــ
ﺸyRﮕـﺮم `
™وﰼ ﺧـﯚى ﻧﻴــﻪ ،ﺑـﻪ ـZﻜـﻪ ﺗـﻪرﻣـﻪﻛـﻪﯾـﻪﰏ ،ﺗـﻪرﻣgــﻚ ﻛـﻪ ﺑـﯚﻧRــﴙ qـﺮدووﻩ و دﻩ bﻫـﻪRZــ ـــ
ﺟgﮕـﺎﯾـﻪك .ﺋـﻪوﻩ ﭼـﻮار رۆژﻩ ﻣـﻦ و ﺋـﻪم ﺗـﻪرﻣـﻪ رێ دﻩﻛـﻪtـﻦ ،ﭼـﻮار
دﻩ ـtﮕـﻪﯾ.ــﳮـﻪ ﺷـﻮg*eـــﻚ ،ــ
رۆژﻩ ﺑـﻪ رeـﻮﻩtـﻦ ،ﺑـﻪmم ﺋـﻪوﻩى 8م ﭼـﻮار رۆژﻩدا \ـ½ﯾـﻮﻣـﺎﻧـﻪ ،ﭼـﻮار رۆژﻩرێ ﻧ)Rـــﻪ .رﻩ ـ³ﮕـﻪ
ﺑـﻪ ﻫـﻪﻣـﻮوى ﺋـﻪوﻩﻧـﺪﻩى رۆژﻩرeﻴــﻪك ر ـzﮕـﻪﻣـﺎن ﻧـﻪ\ـ½ﯾـ ،c .Ùرﻩ ـ³ﮕـﻪ ﺑـﻪ ﻫـﻪﻣـﻮوى ﺋـﻪوﻩﻧـﺪﻩى
ﻣgﻜـﻪ و
رۆژﻩرeﻴــﻪك ر ـzﮕـﻪم ﻧـﻪ\ـ½ﯾـ .Ùﺋـﻪوﻩى رێ دﻩﰷ ﻫـﻪر ﻣـﲌ ،ﻧـﻪك ™وﰼ .ﺋـﻪو `زﻩ ﺗـﻪر ــ
ﻣgﻜـﻪ و ﺑـﯚﻧRــﴙ qـﺮدووﻩ ،ﺑـﻪmم ﻣـﻦ دﻩ bﻫـﻪم ﺧـﯚم رێ ـ\ﻜـﻪم ،ﻫـﻪم
cﺗـﻮا œرێ \ـﲀ .ﺗـﻪر ــ
ﻛRﺸـﻢ ﻫـﻪ ـZﮕـﺮم و ﻫـﻪ ـ³ﮕـﺎو ﺑـﻪ ﻫـﻪ ـ³ﮕـﺎو 8م ﺷـﻮ ـeﻨـﻪوﻩ ﺑـﯚ ﺋـﻪو ﺷـﻮeـﲎ
ﺗـﻪرﻣـﻪﻛـﻪى ™و ـ ـ
\ﮕﻮzﺰﻣﻪوﻩ.
١
) (٨ﭘﺎﺷﺎى Éﻪوت qﻮڕﻩ
ﶊﺪ Éﻪﻣﻪ ﺻﺎZﺢ ﺗﯚﻓ)ﻖ
٢
دﻩﮔ.ــﻧ½ـﻪوﻩ ﻛـﻪ 8زﻩﻣـﺎﻧ{ــﲃ زۆر ﻛـﯚﻧـﺪا ﭘـﺎﺷـﺎﯾـﻪك دﻩ .bﻧژـﻪﻛـﻪIـﴙ ™رى Éـﻪﻣـﲆ دﻩ .bوا
د ـeﺘـﻪ ـ ـﭘ.ﺸـﻪوﻩ ﭘـﺎﺷـﺎ ﺳـﻪﻓـﻪرzـﲃ دوور و درzـﮋى دﻩﻛـﻪو ـeﺘـﻪ ﺑـﻪر8 .ﺑـﻪر ﺋـﻪوﻩ ﺑـﻪ qـﻮڕﻩ
ﺳﻜـﻪى دا ـtﻜـﺖ qـﻮڕ ﺑـﻮو ،ﺋـﻪوﻩ
ﮔـﻪورﻩى ﺟـ‚ ـ›ﺸRــﲎ ﺧـﯚى دﻩZـ‚q» :ـﻮڕم ،ﺋـﻪﮔـﻪر ﺋـﻪم ـ
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ﺑـﻪ ﻣـﻦ ;/ châk wellـﺎک ; rozha re a day’s journeyرۆژﻩرێ ; rega biřîn to travelر ـzﮕـﻪ \ـ½tـﻦ
sałtazalâm soliﺳـﻪ ـZﺘـﻪزﻩﻻم ; rang a it’s possibleرﻩ ـ³ﮕـﻪ ;‘c ba min nâkire I can’t do itـﺮێ; ham…ham both…andﻫــﻪم…ﻫــﻪم ; bałka ratherﺑــﻪZــﮑــﻪ ; sûk lightﺳــﻮوک ;tary traveller
gwâstinawa gwez- toﮔـﻮاﺳ•£ـــﻪوﻩ )ﮔـﻮzـﺰ( ; hangâw ba hangâw step by stepﻫـﻪ ـ³ﮕـﺎو ﺑـﻪ ﻫـﻪ ـ³ﮕـﺎو
8 ٢ﶊﺪ Éﻪﻣﻪ ﺻﺎZﺢ ﺗﯚﻓ)ﻖ/» ،ﲑۆﰽ ﺑﻪر ﺋwﮔﺮداﱏ qﻮردﻩوارى«ﯾﻪوﻩ وﻩرﮔﲑاوﻩ.
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move, transport.
SORANI KURDISH
ﺷـﻪو/ـﻪرﻩ و ﺋـﺎﻫـﻪ ـ³ﮕgــﲃ bﺋـﻪﻧـﺪازﻩى ﺑـﯚ ـ\ﮕ.ــ½ن .ﺋـﻪﮔـﻪر ﻛـﭻ ﺑـﻮو ،ﺋـﻪوﻩ ﺑـﻪ ﳖ{ــﲎ ﺑyRـــﻪ ﺑـﯚ
ﭼﯚZﻪواﻧ)Rﻪك ﺑﻴﻜﻮژﻩ«.
ﭘـﺎﺷـﺎ ﺋـﻪم راﺳـ,ﭙ.ـــﺮﯾﻴــﻪ دﻩﰷ و دﻩڕوا .ﻧژـﻪﻛـﻪى 8ﭘـﺎش ﺗـﻪواو qـﺮدﱏ ﻧـﯚ ﻣـﺎ ـ³ﮕـﻪ و ﻧـﯚ رۆژﻩ
ﺳ,ﭙـﺎردﻩﻛـﻪى ™وﰽ ﺑـﻪ ﺟـ‚
ﻛﭽ{ـﲃ دﻩq .bـﻮڕى ﭘـﺎﺷـﺎ ﺑـﯚ ﺋـﻪوﻩى را ــ
ـﺳﻜـﻪﻛـﻪى دادﻩ œو ـ ـ
ﺑ.ــ ،xﻣـﻪﻟـﯚ ـoﻜـﻪ ﻫـﻪZـﺪﻩﮔـﺮێ و روو دﻩﰷﺗـﻪ ﭼـﯚZـﻪهواﱏﯾـﻪك8 .و cوﻩدا ﺋـﺎﺷـ{,ــﻚ دﻩ bو ﺑـﻪ
ر ـzﻜـﻪوت ژﱏ ﺋـﺎﺷـﻪواﻧRــﺶ ﺋـﻪو ﺷـﻪوﻩ ﻣ•ــﺪا{Zــﲃ ﺑـﻪ ﻣـﺮدووﱙ دﻩq .bـﻮڕى ﭘـﺎﺷـﺎ ﻣ•ــﺪاZـﻪﻛـﻪ
دﻩداﺗـﻪ ﻣـﺎZـﻰ ﺋـﺎﺷـﻪوان و ﻧژـﻪﻛـﻪى 8ـﺟ)ـﺎﰏ ـﻣ•ـﺪاZـﻪ ﻣـﺮدووﻩﻛـﻪى دﻩ ـtﮕـﺮ ـeﺘـﻪ ﺧـﯚى و
ﺑﻪﺧgﻮى دﻩﰷ.
ﺳـﺎڵ دێ و ﺳـﺎڵ دﻩڕوا .ـﻛ¤ـﻪ ﮔـﻪورﻩ دﻩ bو دﻩﮔـﺎﺗـﻪ ﺗـﻪﻣـﻪﱏ ﺑـﻪﺷـﻮودان .رۆژ ـzﻜ)ــﺎن
ﭘـﺎﺷـﺎ دﻩﭼـ‚ ﺑـﯚ راو و ﺷـﲀر و رeـ¬ﻰ دﻩﻛـﻪوeﺘــﻪ ﮔـﻮزﻩرى ﺋـﻪو ﺋـﺎﺷـﻪ و 8وێ /ـﺎوى ﺑـﻪ ـﻛﭽـﻰ
ﺋـﺎﺷـﻪوان دﻩﻛـﻪوێ .ـﻛﭽـﻰ ﭼـﻰ؟ ﻫـ ـ{ﻨـﺪﻩ ﺟـﻮان ﺑـﻮو ،ﻧـﻪ ـ\ﻜـﻪى ﻧـﻪ ﲞـﯚى ﻫـﻪر ﺗـﻪﻣـﺎﺷـﺎى
ﺳـﺎى ﮔـﻪردﱏ ـ\ﻜـﻪى! ﭘـﺎﺷـﺎ دﻩﺳـ,ﺒــﻪﺟـ‚ ﺑـﻪ ﺗـﲑى ﺋـﻪﺷﻘــﻰ ـﻛ¤ـﻪ ﮔـﺮﻓ±ــﺎر دﻩ bو ﻫـﻪر 8وeـﺪا
ﺧـﻮازﺑ.ــﲎ ـﻛ¤ـﻪ 8ﺋـﺎﺷـﻪوان دﻩﰷ .ﻫـﻪر /ـﻪﻧـﺪﻩوﻩ زtـﺮودﻩﺳـﺖ و ﭘ{ــﻮﻩﻧـﺪ دﻩ€ﻧـﻪوێ ﭘـﻪﺷ,ـ?ﱏ
ـ\ﻜـﻪﻧـﻪوﻩ ،ﻫﻴــﭻ ﺳـﻮودى q .bcـﻮڕى ﭘـﺎﺷـﺎ ﻛـﻪ ﺑـﻪ ﻣـﻪﺳـﻪ8ﻛـﻪ دﻩزا œزۆر ﻫـﻪوڵ دﻩدا ™وﰽ
8م ﻛـﻪ ـžﻜـﻪ8ى ژن ﻫـ{ﻨــﺎﻧـﻪ وازﺑ.ــ xو ﭘ{ــ¬ﻰ دﻩZـ‚ »™ﺑـﻪ ﺗـﯚ ﯾـﻪﰽ ﭘـﺎﺷـﺎ و ﭘـﺎﺷـﺎزادﻩ ،ﭼ)ــﺖ
داوﻩ 8ﻣـﺎرﻩ qـﺮدﱏ ـﻛ¤ـﻪ ﺋـﺎﺷـﻪواﻧ{ــﻚ؟ ﻛـﻪى ﺋـﻪم ﰷرﻩ ﻻﯾـﻪﰵ ﭘـﺎﯾـﻪ و ﻣـﻪﻗـﺎﱉ ﺗـﯚﯾـﻪ!؟« ﺑـﻪmم
ـــﻚ \ 8ـ½€رى ﺧـﯚى ﻧـﻪﳞـ{ﻨــﺎﯾـﻪ ﺧـﻮارﻩوﻩ و وﰏ »ﺧـﻮا ﯾـﻪﻛـﻪ و bcﺑـﻪ دوو.
™وﻛـﻪ ﻫﻴــﭻ ﺷg£
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٢
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™ری Éـﻪﻣـﻞ ; zamân timeزﻩﻣـﺎن ;É ḥawtkuřa with seven sonsـﻪوت‘ـﻮڕﻩ ; pâshâ kingﭘـﺎﺷـﺎ
jenishîn sucﺟـgـ*ـﺸـﲔ ; hâtinà peshawa to happenﻫـﺎﺗـﻨـﻪ ﭘـRـﺸـﻪوﻩ ;bâr i ḥaml pregnancyﺋــﺎﻫــﻪ³ــﮓ ﮔــ.ــ½ان ; shawchara celebrationﺷــﻪو/ــﻪرﻩ ; sik child in the wombﺳــﮏ ;cessor
ﺑـﻪ ﳖـ{ـﲎ ; kich girlﮐـﭻ ;b beandâza unlimitedﺋـﻪﻧـﺪازﻩ ;âhang-geřân to hold a celebration
‘ kushtin kuzh- to kill.ﻮﺷﱳ )‘ﻮژ( ;ba nihenî in secret
٢
sikﺳـﮏ داcن ; mâng monthﻣـﺎ³ـﮓ ; râsperî-kirdin to make a directiveراﺳ ,ــﭙـ.ـﺮی ‘ـﺮدن
ـــﺎن ; râspârd task, chargeراﺳـ,ﭙــﺎرد ;dâ-nân to give birth
; ba je henân to carry outﺑـﻪ ﺟـ‚ ﻫ{ﻨ
âshaﺋـﺎﺷـﻪوان ; ba rekawt by hapstanceﺑـﻪ ر ـzﮑـﻪوت ; âsh millﺋـﺎش ; malotka infantﻣـﻪﻟـﯚ ـoﮑـﻪﻟ{ﮑـﯽ ﺑـﻪ ﻣـﺮدووﱙ ;wân miller
8 la jyât i inﺟ)ــﺎﰏ ; mindâłek i ba mirdûî a stillborn childﻣ•ــﺪا ــ
bakhew-kirdin to take care of.ﺑﻪﺧgﻮ ‘ﺮدن ;place of
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READINGS
ﻫ{ﻨﺎوﻣﻪ و دﻩﳞ{ﲌ«.
١
ﺗ{ﻜﭽـﻮو و
qـﻮڕﻩ ﭼـﻰ \ـﲀ؟ /cـﺎر ﳖ{ــﲎ ﻣـﻪﺳـﻪ8ﻛـﻪى 8ﻻ درﰷﻧـﺪ و ﭘـﺎﺷـﺎ ﺑـﻪﻣـﻪ زۆر ــ ـ
ﻓـﻪرﻣـﺎﱏ دا ﺋـﻪم qـﻮڕﻩى و ـﻛ¤ـﻪﻛـﻪى ﻫـﻪر دووqﻴــﺎن ﺷـﺎرﺑـﻪدﻩر ـ\ﻜـﺮzـﻦ\ .ـﺮا و ﺧـﻮﺷـﻚ ﯾـﻪﰽ
ﺳـﻮارى وﻻﺧgــﻚ ﺑـﻮون و ﭼ)ﻴـــﺎن ﭘ{ــﻮـIﺴـﺖ ﺑـﻮو \ـﺮد€ن و 8وmت و ﻣـﻪﻣـ•ﻛـﻪﰏ ™وqﻴــﺎن
دﻩرﭼـﻮون .ﻛـﻪم €ن زۆر رۆ ـIﺸـﱳ ﻛـﻪس cزا œﺧـﻮا ﺧـﯚى ﻧـﻪ ` bرeﻴــﺎن ﻛـﻪوﺗـﻪ ﺷـﺎرeـﻚ.
ﺗـﻪﻣـﺎﺷـﺎ€ن qـﺮد .ﺷـﺎرﻩ ﻣـﺎت و >ـﺎﻣـﯚﺷـﻪ و >ـﻪ ـZﻜـﻪﻛـﻪى دﻩ{Zــ¬ﯽ ﺧـﯚZـﻰ ﻣـﺮدوو€ن ﺑـﻪ ﺳـﻪردا
qـﺮاوﻩ .ﺋـﻪﻣـﺎﻧRــﺶ 8ﻣـﺎ ـ{Zـﻚ ﻻ€ن دا و 8ﭘـﺎش ﻛـﻪ ـﻣgـﻚ Éـﻪﺳـﺎﻧـﻪوﻩ qـﻮڕﻩ > 8ـﺎﻧـﻪﺧـﻮeـ¬ﻰ
ﺮﺳ‚» :ﻣﺎﻣﻪ ،ﺑﯚ ﭼﻰ ﺷﺎرﻩﻛﻪ`ن ﺑﻪم ﺟﯚرﻩ >ﻪﻣ•ﺎك و ﻣﺎﺗﻪ؟«>ـﺎﻧـﻪﺧـﻮeـ¬ﻰ وﻩmﱉ داﯾـﻪوﻩq» :ـﻮڕى ﺧـﯚم ،ﻣـﺎوﻩﯾـﻪﻛـﻪ ـﺗ ﻮوﳽ ﺑـﻪmﯾـﻪك ﺑـﻮوtـﻦ و
ﮔـﺮ ـﻓ±ـﺎرى دﻩرد ـzﻜـﲔ .ﻫـﻪر/ـﻪﻧـﺪ دﻩﻛـﻪtـﻦ ﺗـ?ر qcـﺮێ .ﺋـﻪژدﳞـﺎﯾـﻪك ﺳـﻪر/ـﺎوﻩى ﺋـﺎوى
ﻛﭽ{ﻜـﲈن ﻟـ‚ دﻩﰷ ــﺑﻴﺨـﻮا و ﺋـﻪو <ـﺎ ﺋـﺎوﻣـﺎن ﺑـﯚ
ﺷـﺎرﻩﻛـﻪى ﻟـ‚ ﮔـﺗﺮـﻮوtـﻦ و ﻫـﻪر رۆژﻩ داواى ـ ــ
٢
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ﮐـﻪ ; râw u shikâr huntingراو و ﺷـﲀر ; ba shû dân to get (a female) marriedﺑـﻪ ﺷـﻮو دان
naﻧـﻪ ـ\ﮑـﻪی ﻧـﻪ ﲞـﯚی ،ﻫـﻪر ﺗـﻪﻣـﺎﺷـﺎی ﺳـﺎی ﮔـﻪردﱏ ـ\ﮑـﻪی ; kawtinà guzar i to pass byوـﺗﻨـﻪ ﮔـﻮزﻩری
bikay na bikhoy, har tamâshâ i sâ i gardinî bikay a common expression in storyﺳ,ﺒـﻪﺟـ‚ ;telling for being mesmerized by beauty
; tîr arrowـﺗ ﲑ ; dasbaje immediatelyدﻩ ــ
zîrudastدtــﺮودﻩﺳــﺖ ; giriftâr-bûn ba to be struck byﮔــﺮﻓــ±ــﺎر ﺑــﻮون ﺑــﻪ ; ashq loveﺋــﻪﺷــﻖ
pashîmân-kirdinawa to makeﭘـﻪﺷ,ــ?ن ‘ـﺮدﻧـﻪوﻩ ; pewand connection, kinـﭘ{ـﻮﻩﻧـﺪ ;underling
kałkała wish, deﮐـﻪ ـZﮑـﻪZـﻪ ; masala matterﻣـﻪﺳـﻪ sûd profit; 8ﺳـﻮود ;s.o. change his mind wâz-henân la to dissuadeواز ﻫــ{ــﻨــﺎن zhin-henân to marry a woman; 8ژن ﻫــ{ــﻨــﺎن ;sire
lâyaqﻻﯾـــﻪق ; mâra-kirdin to marryﻣـــﺎرﻩ ‘ـــﺮدن ; pâshâzâda son of a kingﭘـــﺎﺷـــﺎزادﻩ ;from
ﻫ{ﻨـﺎﻧـﻪ ﺧـﻮارﻩوﻩ ; maqâm stationﻣـﻪﻗـﺎم ; pâya rankﭘـﺎﯾـﻪ ;appropriate
\ 8 la biřyâr henânàـ½€ر ـ ـ
khwârawa to make s.o. change a decision.
٢
8 la lâ dirkândin to make pubﻻ درﰷﻧ ـﺪن ; /c nâchâr helpless to do anything elseـﺎرﺷـﺎرﺑـﻪدﻩر ; farmân-dân to orderﻓـﻪرﻣـﺎن دان ; tek-chûn la to get angry withـﺗ{ـﮏ ﭼـﻮون lic; 8
ﺳ ـﻪوار ﺑ ـﻮون ; khwishk sisterﺧ ـﻮﺷ ـﮏ ; \ birâ brotherـﺮا ; ‘ shârbadar-kirân to be exiledـﺮان
ﮐـﻪم €ن زۆر ; mamlakat countryﻣـﻪﻣـ•ﮐـﻪت ; wilâkh pack horseوﻻخ ;sawâr-bûn to mount
kam yân zor royshtin kas nâzâne, khwâ khoy nabeرۆIـــﺸـــﱳ ﮐـــﻪس cزا œﺧـــﻮا ﺧـــﯚی ﻧـــﻪb
;‘nobody but God knows how far they went,’ a common expression in story-telling
; mât u khâmosh in stunned silenceﻣ ـﺎت و > ـﺎﻣ ـﯚش ; tamâshâ-kirdin to lookﺗ ـﻪﻣ ـﺎﺷ ـﺎ ‘ ـﺮدن
khoł i mirdû ba sar’dâ kirân to have ashes of mourning for theﺧـﯚZـﯽ ﻣـﺮدوو ﺑـﻪ ﺳـﻪردا ‘ـﺮان
ﮐـــﻪﻣـــgـــﮏ ; lâ-dân la to take shelter inﻻ دان ;dead on the head, to be in deep mourning
>ـﻪﻣ•ــﺎک ;> khânakhwe master of a houseـﺎﻧـﻪﺧـﻮێ ;É ḥasânawa to restـﻪﺳـﺎﻧـﻪوﻩ ;kamèk a bit
mât stunned.ﻣﺎت ;khamnâk grieving
131
SORANI KURDISH
ﺑﻪر دﻩداﺗﻪوﻩ .ﻣﺎZﲈن وzﺮان ﺑﻮوﻩ و ﻛﻪﺳﲈن ﺑﻪ دﻩﺳ,ﺘﻪوﻩ ﻧﻪﻣﺎوﻩ.
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qﻮڕﻩ وﰏ™» :ﺷﻪ ،ﻣﺎﻣﻪ ،ﺳ,ﺒﻪﯾ xﻧﯚرﻩى ﻛ‚ ﯾﻪ؟«
»ﺳ,ﺒﻪﯾ xﻧﯚرﻩى ﻛﭽﻰ ﭘﺎﺷﺎﯾﻪ! ﺑﯚﯾﻪ دﻩﺑRﲎ ﺷﺎر وا ﺑﻪ <ﺎرى ﻣﺎت و >ﺎﻣﯚﺷﻪ«.
ﺑـﯚ ﺳـ,ﺒــﻪﯾـ xﺗـﻪواوى >ـﻪZـﲃ ﺷـﺎر ﺑـﻪ ﭘﻴــﺎو و ﻧژـﻪوﻩ ﮔـﺮد ﺑـﻮوﻧـﻪوﻩ و ﺑـﻪ رﻩو ﺳـﻪر/ـﺎوﻩى
ﺋـﺎوﻩﻛـﻪ رۆ ـIﺸـﱳq .ـﻮڕﻩ ﺗـﻪﻣـﺎﺷـﺎى qـﺮد :وا ـﻛﭽـﻰ ﭘـﺎﺷـﺎ€ن رازاﻧـﺪووﻩﺗـﻪ و ﺑـﯚ ﻻى ﺋـﻪژدﳞـwﻛـﻪى
ﺳ,ﺘـﻪم ﺑـﻮو ﺋـﻪم ـﻛ¤ـﻪ ﺷـﯚخ و ﺟـﻮاﻧـﻪ دﻩرﺧـﻮاردى ﺋـﻪژدﳞـﺎﯾـﻪﰽ /ـﻪﭘـﻪڵ
دﻩﺑـﻪن .زۆرى ﻻ ــ
ﺑـﺪرێ8 .ﺑـﻪر ﺋـﻪوﻩ ﭼـﻮو ﭘ.ــﴙ 8ـﻛﭽـﻰ ﭘـﺎﺷـﺎ ﮔـﺮت و وﰏ» :راوﻩﺳـﱳ! ﻣـﻦ ــﻛ.ﺸـﻪى ﺋـﻪم
ﺋـﻪژدﳞـﺎﯾـﻪ /ـﺎرﻩﺳـﻪر دﻩﻛـﻪم و c 8وى دﻩﺑـﻪم!« ﻫـﻪر/ـﻪﻧـﺪﻩ >ـﻪ ـZﻜـﻪﻛـﻪ ﭘ).ـــﺎن وت »™وﰼ،
ـــﻪوﻩ«
ﺗـﯚ ﺟـﻮا ـ³ﻜـﻪﯾـﺖ و ــ
ﻫﻴﭽـﺖ ﭘـ¬‚ qcـﺮێ .ﻟ{ــﲈن ﮔـﻪڕێ ،™ .ﺑـﻪ دﻩردى ﺧـﯚﻣـﺎﻧـﻪوﻩ ﺑﺘﻠـــ{•R
ﺑـﻪmم qـﻮڕﻩ ـﻗﺴـﻪى ﻛـﻪﳻ ﻧـﻪﮔـﺗﺮـﻪ ﮔـﻮێ و ﻫـﻪﺳـ,ﺘــﺎ دوو ــﺗﻴﻐـﻰ راﺳـﺖ و /ـﻪپ 8ﺧـﯚ دا و
ﺑـﻪرﻩو رووى ﺋـﻪژدﳞـwﻛـﻪ ﭼـﻮو و وﰏ» :ﻣـﻪ ـﻟﻌـﻮون ،ﺑـﯚ qـﻮێ 8دﻩﺳ,ــﱲ دﻩردﻩﭼ)ــﺖ؟ ﺗـﯚ
زاZﻤﻴﺖ و ﻣ•Rﺶ زﻩواZﻰ ﺗﯚم«.
ﺋـﻪژدﳞـﺎ 8ﺗـﻮوڕﻩﱙدا /ـﺎوى ﭘـﻪڕﯾﻴــﻪ ﺗـﻪوﰵ ﺳـﻪرى و ﭘـﻪﻻﻣـﺎرى qـﻮڕﻩى دا و ﻟـﻮوﳽ
qـﺮد ،ﺑـﻪmم ﺗـﻴـﻐـﻪﰷن 8م ﻻ و 8و ﻻوﻩ ﺋـﻪژدﳞـﺎ€ن ﻫـﻪZـﺪرى و qـﻮڕﻩ 8و ﺳـﻪرﻩوﻩ ﺑـﻪ
ﺳﻪﻻﻣﻪﰏ ﻫﺎﺗﻪ دﻩرﻩوﻩ و ﺋﻪژدﳞﺎIﺶ 8و cوﻩدا ﻫﻪZﱰۆﭘ¬ﻰ.
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ﺗـ?ر ‘ـﺮان ; dard troubleدﻩرد ; giriftâr i beset byﮔـﺮﻓ±ــﺎری ; wałâm-dân to answerوﻩmم دان
âwﺋـــﺎو ; sarchâw springﺳـــﻪر/ـــﺎو ; azhdîhâ dragonﺋـــﻪژدﳞـــﺎ ;tîmâr-kirân to be remedied
ﺑ ـﻪرداﻧ ـﻪوﻩ ; dâwâ-kirdin la to demand fromداوا ‘ ـﺮدن le-girtin to block; 8ﻟ ـ{ ـﮕ ـﺮ oـﻦ ;water
werân destroyed.وzﺮان ;bar-dânawa to release
٢
; bo sbayne upon the morrowﺑـﯚ ﺳ ,ــﺒـﻪﯾـ nora turn; xﻧـﯚرﻩ ; sbayne tomorrowﺳ ,ــﺒـﻪﯾـx
; râzândin to bedeckروازاﻧـﺪن; gird-bûnawa to assembleﮔـﺮد ﺑـﻮوﻧـﻪوﻩ ; tawâw i all ofﺗـﻪواوی
darkhwârd i … drân to beدﻩرﺧــﻮاردی … دران ; shokh comelyﺷــﯚخ ; sitam unjustﺳ ,ــــﺘــﻪم
râراوﻩﺳـ,ﺘــﺎن ; pesh-girtin la to stand in front ofﭘ.ــﺶ ﮔـﺮoـﻦ / chapał filthy; 8ـﻪﭘـﻪڵ ;given toﮐ.ﺸـﻪ ;wastân to stop
c 8و \ـﺮدن ;/ chârasar-kirdin to resolveـﺎرﻩﺳـﻪر ‘ـﺮدن ; kesha disputeــ
; gařân la to leave aloneﮔـﻪڕان jiwânka adolescent; 8ﭼـﻮا ـ³ﮑـﻪ ;la nâw birdin to get rid of
; girtinà gwe to listen toﮔـﺮـﺗﻨـﻪ ﮔـﻮێ ; tilândinawa ba …awa to deal withﺗـﻼﻧـﺪﻧـﻪوﻩ ﺑـﻪ …هوﻩ
zâłimزاZــﻢ ; mal‘ûn accursedﻣــﻪﻟــﻌــﻮون ;/ chap leftــﻪپ ; râst rightراﺳــﺖ ; tîgh bladeﺗــﻴــﻎ
zawâł destruction.زﻩواڵ ;tyrant
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tawq aـﺗ ﻪوﻗـﻪ ﺳـﻪر ;/ châw pařînà for the eye to light onـﺎو ﭘـﻪڕـﯾﻨـﻪ ; tûřaî angerـﺗ ﻮوڕﻩﱙ
lûsh-kirdin to swalﻟ ـﻮوش ‘ ـﺮدن ; palâmâr-dân to snatchﭘ ـﻪﻻﻣ ـﺎر دان ;sar top of the head132
READINGS
>ـﻪ ـZﻜـﻪﻛـﻪ ﻫـﻪﻣـﻮو ﻛـﻪوﺗﻨــﻪ ﺧـﯚﳽ و ﺋـﺎﻓـﻪرtـﻦ qـﺮدﱏ qـﻮڕﻩ8 .و ﰷﺗـﻪدا ـﻛﭽـﻰ ﭘـﺎﺷـﺎ ﻛـﻪ
>ـﻪرﯾـﻚ ﺑـﻮو 8ﺧـﯚﺷـRـ)ـﺎﻧـﺪا ﺷـwﮔـﻪﺷـﻜـﻪ ،bﻫـﻪر دوو دﻩﺳ ,ــﱴ ﻫـﻪZـﮋﻩﻧـﺪﻩ ﺧـﻮeـﲎ
ﺋﻪژدﳞwﻛﻪدا و ﻛ.ﺸﺎى ﺑﻪ êﺸ,ﱴ qﻮڕﻩدا ﺑﯚ ﺋﻪوﻩى 8دواﯾﻴﺪا ﺑ•Rﺎﺳ±.ﻪوﻩ.
ﺋـﻪو رۆژﻩ 8ﺷـﺎردا ﺑـﻮو ﺑـﻪ ﺧـﯚﳽ و ﺋـﺎﻫـﻪ³ـﮓ ﮔ.ــ½ان ،و ﭘـﺎﺷـﺎ ﻓـﻪرﻣـﺎﱏ دا ﻛـ‚ ﺋـﻪم
/ـwﻛـﻪ و ـﭘﻴـﺎوﻩﰏﯾـﻪى 8ﮔـﻪڵ qـﺮدووﻩ> b ™ ،ـﻪmﰏ \ـﲀ .زۆر ﻛـﻪس دﻩﭼـﻮون و ﺧـﯚ€ن
ﻛ.ﺸـﺎ ﻛـﻪ ﮔـﻮاﯾـﻪ ﺋـﻪوان ﺋـﻪو ﺋـﺎزاﯾـﻪﰏ و ﭘـﺎZـﻪواﻧ.ــﱴﯾـﻪ€ن qـﺮدووﻩ ،ﺑـﻪmم ـﻛﭽـﻰ ﭘـﺎﺷـﺎ
ﻫـﻪZـﺪﻩ ــ
ﻫـﻪﻣـﻮو€ﱏ ﺑـﻪ درۆ ﺧـﺴـ,ﺘــﻪوﻩ ﭼـﻮـ³ﻜـﻪ ﺋـﻪو ﻛـﻪﺳـﻪى ﻛـﻪ رزﮔـﺎرى qـﺮدﺑـﻮو ــﻧRﺸـﺎﻧـﻪ qـﺮاﺑـﻮو8 .
ﺷﻜـﻪﻛـﻪﯾـﺪا
ﺷـﺎردا ﻛـﻪس ﻧـﻪﻣـﺎ ﻧـﻪﯾـﻪت ،ﺗـﻪ ـﻧﻴـﺎ qـﻮڕﻩ ﻧـﻪ bﻛـﻪ 8ﭘـﻪڕى ﺷـﺎرﻩوﻩ 8ﮔـﻪڵ ﺧـﻮ ـ
ﺸ,ﻴـﺎن \ـﺮدﻩ ﺑـﻪردﻩﱉ و ﰷ• ـﻛ¤ـﻪ
>ـﺎﻧـﻮوﯾـﻪ ـqﻴـﺎن ﺑـﻪ qـﺮێ ﮔـﺮـﺗﺒـﻮو .ﭘـﺎﺷـﺎ ﻓـﻪرﻣـﺎﱏ دا ﺋـﻪوIـ ــ
ــﻧRﺸـﺎﻧـﻪﻛـﻪى ﺑRــﲎ cﳻﯾـﻪوﻩ و وﰏ™» :ﺑـﻪ ،ﺋـﻪﻣـﻪﯾـﻪ ﺋـﻪو ﭘـﺎZـﻪواﻧـﻪى ﻣـﻦ و ﺷـﺎرIـﴙ رزﮔـﺎر
qﺮد«.
ﭘـﺎﺷـﺎ زۆر رzـﺰى ﻟـ‚ cو ﺳـﻮﭘـﺎﳻ qـﺮد و ـﭘ{ـ¬ﻰ وتq» :ـﻮڕم ،ﲞـﻮازﻩ 8ﻣـﺎZـﻰ د ـﻧﻴـﺎ
ﭼ)ﺖ دﻩوێ> ™ ،ﻪmﺗﺖ \ﻜﻪم و ﻣﻦ ﻗﻪت 8م w/ﻛﻪﯾﻪى ﺗﯚ دﻩر«.$c
qﻮڕﻩش 8وﻩmﻣﺪا وﰏ» :ﭘﺎﺷﺎم ﺳﻪﻻﻣﻪت > ™ ،bﻪmﺗﻪﻛﻪ ﲟ{ xﺑﯚ دواﱙ«.
8ﭘـﺎش ﺑـﻪﯾ*gـــﻚ رۆژ ـzﻜ)ــﺎن qـﻮڕﻩ دﻩﭼـ‚ ﺑـﯚ راو و ﺷـﲀر و ﺧـﻮ ـﺷﻜـﻪﻛـﻪIـﴙ دﻩﭼgﺘـــﻪ
١
٢
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ﻫـﻪZـﱰۆﭘـﲔ ; ba salâmatî hâtinà darawa to emerge unscathedﺑـﻪ ﺳـﻪﻻﻣـﻪﰏ ﻫـﺎ ـﺗﻨـﻪ دﻩرﻩوﻩ ;low
hał-tropîn to drop dead.
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khwenﺧ ـﻮ zـﻦ ; hał-zhandin to rubﻫ ـﻪ Zـﮋﻩﻧ ـﺪن ; âfarîn-kirdin to say bravoﺋ ـﺎﻓ ـﻪر tـﻦ ‘ ـﺮدن
c nâsîn to recognize.ﺳﲔ ;blood
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>ــﻪmت ‘ــﺮدن ; pyâwatî braveryﭘــﻴــﺎوﻩﰏ ; âhang-geřân to give a partyﺋــﺎﻫــﻪ³ــﮓ ﮔــ.ــ½ان
Zﮑ.ﺸـﺎن ;khałât-kirdin to reward
gwâya asﮔـﻮاﯾـﻪ ; kho hał-keshân to present oneselfﺧـﯚ ﻫـﻪ ـ ــ
ـــﻪوﻩ ; pâławânetî heroicismﭘـﺎZـﻪواﻧ.ــﱴ ; âzâyatî featﺋـﺎزاﯾـﻪﰏ ;though, claiming
baﺑـﻪ درۆ ـﺧﺴ•£
ﮐـﻪس ﻧـﻪﻣـﺎ cﯾـﻪت ; nîshâna-kirân to be markedــﻧRﺸـﺎﻧـﻪ ‘ـﺮان ;diro khistinawa to give the lie to
ﺗـﻪ ـﻧﻴـﺎ … ;)kas namâ nayet there was no one left to come (the na- in nayet is pleonastic
ba kire girtin toﺑـﻪ ‘ـﺮێ ﮔـﺮoـﻦ ; pař i shâr edge of the cityﭘـﻪڕی ﺷـﺎر ; tanyâ…nabe onlyﻧـﻪb
\ birdinà bardam to take before.ﺮدﻧﻪ ﺑﻪردﻩم ;rent, hire
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qatﻗـﻪت ; supâs-kirdin to thankﺳـﻮﭘـﺎس ‘ـﺮدن ; rez-girtin la to pay respect toرzـﺰ ﮔـﺮoـﻦ 8
pâshâm salâmatﭘـﺎﺷـﺎم ﺳـﻪﻻﻣـﻪت dar-chûn la to repay; bدﻩرﭼـﻮون (+ neg.) in no way; 8
bo dwâî for later.ﺑﯚ دواﱙ ;be hail to my king
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SORANI KURDISH
ﺳـﻪر ﺑـﲑى cو Éـﻪوﺷـﻪﻛـﻪ€ن ﺋـﺎو ﻫـﻪ ـZﮕـﯚزeـﺖ ،ﺗـﻪﻣـﺎﺷـﺎ دﻩﰷ :دeـﻮeـﻚ 8ﺑـﲎ ﺑـﲑﻩﻛـﻪوﻩ
™ ـ³ﮕـﻰ دﻩﰷ و دﻩZـ‚» :دﻩﺳ,ــﱲ داﻣgﻨـــﺖ ،ﺑـﻪ ـZﻜـﻮو 8م ﺑـﲑﻩ دﻩرم ﺑ{ــ*)ﺘـــﻪ دﻩرﻩوﻩ «.ـﻛ¤ـﻪش
ﭘـﻪ ـﺗ{ـﲃ ﺑـﯚ ﺷـﯚڕ دﻩﰷﺗـﻪوﻩ و دﻩرى دﻩ ـﻫ{ـﻨ±.ـــﻪ دﻩرﻩوﻩ و ﺧـﺰﻣـﻪ ـﺗ{ـﲃ ™ﳽ دﻩﰷ و <ـﻞ و
ﺑـﻪرگ و ﺧـﻮاردﱏ ﺑـﯚ داﺑـﲔ دﻩﰷ .دeـﻮﻩ زۆر ﺳـﻮﭘـﺎﳻ دﻩﰷ و ﻧﻴــﺎزى دﻩ bﻣـﺎZﺌــﺎواﱙ \ـﲀ و
ﺷ{,ـﻮﻩﯾـﻪك ر ـzﮕـﻪت cدﻩم \ـ½ۆﯾـﺖ ،و دﻩ bدﻩﺳ,ــﱲ
\ـ½وا ،ﺑـﻪmم ـﻛ¤ـﻪ دﻩZـ‚» :ﺑـﻪ ـﻫﻴـﭻ ــ
8ﮔـﻪڵ ــﺗ{ﻜـﻪڵ ـ\ﻜـﻪى .دﻩ ،cﺑـﻪ Gﰼ دﻩ{Zــﻢ 8ت و ﭘـﻪﺗـﺖ \ـﲀ «.دeـﻮﻩش ﺑـﻪ /cـﺎرى دﻩﺳ,ـﱴ
8ﮔـﻪڵ ـ ـﺗ{ﻜـﻪڵ دﻩﰷ و 8ﺋـﻪﳒـﺎﻣـﺪا ـﻛ¤ـﻪ ﺳـﲃ -ـ½ دﻩ bو ` دێ رﻩ ـ³ﮕـﻰ زﻩرد و ﻻواز
ﻟ{ﻬـﺎﺗـﻮوﻩ؟«
دﻩ .bﻫـﻪر/ـﻪﻧـﺪ \ـﺮÐﻛـﻪى ـﭘ{ـ¬ﻰ دﻩZـ‚» :ﺧـﻮﺷـﲂ ،ـ ـ
ﭼ)ﺘـﻪ؟ و ﺑـﯚ ﭼـﻰ وات ـ ـ
ﺋﻪﻣRﺶ 8وﻩmﻣﺪا دﻩ» :‚Zﭼﻰ \ﻜﻪم\ ،ﺮÐﮔﻴﺎن؟ ﻧﻪﺧﯚﴌ و ﰷرى ﺧﻮاﯾﻪ!«
ﺋـﻪو<ـﺎ 8ﭘـﺎش ﻧـﯚ ﻣـﺎ ـ³ﮕـﻪ و ﻧـﯚ رۆژﻩ qـﻮڕzـﲃ دﻩ bو ﺑـﻪ دeـﻮﻩ دﻩZـ‚» :ﺗـﻪﮔﺒــﲑ ﭼـﻰﯾـﻪ؟
\ـﺮÐﻛـﻪم ـﭘ{ـﲈن \ـﺰا œﻫـﻪر دوﻛـﲈن دا دﻩﭘـﺎﭼـ‚!« دeـﻮﻩش دﻩZـ‚» :ﺑـﻪ ﺧـﻮا ،ﻣـﻪﮔـﻪر ﻫـﻪر
ﺧـﯚت /ـﺎرى ﺑـﯚ ﺑـﺪۆزـﯾﺘـﻪوﻩ «.ـﻛ¤ـﻪش دﻩZـ‚» :ﺗـﯚ ﺋـﻪم ﻣـﻪﻟـﯚ ـoﻜـﻪﯾـﻪ ـﺑﺒـﻪرﻩ ﺋـﻪو ﺷـﻮzـﻦ و
ﮔـﻮزﻩرﻩى Gﰼ راوى ﻟـ‚ دﻩﰷ و 8ر ـzﮕـﻪى ﮔـﻪڕاﻧـﻪوﻩﯾـﺪا داﯾـ .xﺋـﻪو زۆر دڵﻧـﻪرم و ﺑـﻪ
ﺑـﻪزﻩﱙﯾـﻪ و 8ﮔـﻪڵ ﺧـﯚى دﻩﳞ{ــﻨ±.ـــﻪوﻩ «.دeـﻮﻩ ﺑـﻪ ـﻗﺴـﻪى دﻩﰷ و ﺋ{ــﻮارﻩ ﰷ• qـﻮڕﻩ 8راو
ـــﻪوﻩ و دﻩZـ‚» :ﺧـﻮﺷـﲃ ،ﻣـﮋدﻩم ﺑـﺪﻩرێ.
دﻩﮔـﻪڕ ـeﺘـﻪوﻩ ،ﻣـﻪﻟـﯚ ـoﻜـﻪ 8ﮔـﻪڵ ﺧـﯚى دﻩ ـﻫ{ـﻨ±.
ﻫﺎورێﯾﻪﰼ ﺑﯚ ﭘﻪﯾﺪا qﺮدووى«.
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ﺋـﺎو ;É ḥawsha courtyardـﻪوﺷـﻪ ; bîr wellﺑـﲑ ; 8 la pâsh baynèk after a whileﭘـﺎش ﺑـﻪﯾ*gـــﮏ
³™ bângـﮓ ‘ـﺮدن ;\ bin bottomـﻦ ; dew demonدeـﻮ ; âw hał-gozân to draw waterﻫـﻪ ـZﮕـﯚزاندﻩ ; bałkû perhapsﺑـﻪZـﮑـﻮو ; dastim dâmenit I beg youدﻩﺳ ,ــﱲ داﻣـgـﻨـﺖ ;kirdin to cry out to
ﻫﻴﻨـﺎﻧـﻪ دﻩرﻩوﻩ
shoř-kirdinawaﺷـﯚڕ ‘ـﺮد ـﻧ ﻪوﻩ ; pat ropeﭘـﻪت ; dar-henânà darawa to get outر ـ ـ
dâbînداﺑـﲔ ‘ـﺮدن ; khwârdinî foodﺧـﻮاردﱏ ; barg raimentﺑـﻪرگ ;< jil clothingـﻞ ;to lowerرzـﮕـﻪ ; mâłâwâî-kirdin to say good-byeﻣـﺎmواﱙ ‘ـﺮدن ; niyâz desireﻧـﻴـﺎز ;kirdin to arrange
dast tekał-kirdin lagał to have sexدﻩﺳـﺖ ـ ـﺗ{ﮑـﻪڵ ‘ـﺮدن 8ﮔـﻪڵ ; rega-dân to allow to goدان
/cــــﺎری ;8 lat u pat kirdin to chop to piecesت و ﭘــــﻪت ‘ــــﺮدن ; danâ otherwiseدﻩwith; c
… ` tâ deدێ … دﻩ sik piř-bûn to get pregnant; bﺳـــﮏ -ـــ½ ﺑـــﻮون;nâchârî helplessness
lâwâz thin.ﻻواز ; zard paleزﻩرد ;dabe she becomes … over time
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dâ-pâchîn toداﭘـﺎ/ـﲔ ;? tagbîr chî ya? what’s to be doneﺗـﻪ ـﮔﺒـﲑ ﭼـﯽﯾـﻪ ; awjâ thenﺋـﻪو<ـﺎ
diłnarm softدZــــــﻨــــــﻪرم ; kâk brotherﰷک ; guzar pathﮔــــــﻮزﻩر ;split from top to bottom hâwre comﻫـﺎورێ ; mizhda good newsﻣـﮋدﻩ ; ba bazaî compassionateﺑـﻪ ﺑـﻪزﻩﱙ ;hearted134
READINGS
ـﻛ¤ـﻪش ﺑـﻪ ﺳـﻪرﺳـﻮڕﻣـﺎﻧ{ــﲃ ﺳـﺎﺧ±ــﻪوﻩ دﻩZـ‚<» :ـﺎG ،ﻛـﻪ ،ﻣـﻦ ﺷـﲑم qـﻮا ﺋـﻪم ﻣ•ــﺪاZـﻪ
ﺑـﻪﺧgــﻮ ـ\ﻜـﻪم؟ ﺑـﻪmم ﻫـﻪر ﺋـﻪوﻩت ™ش qـﺮدووﻩ ﻛـﻪ ﺋـﻪم ﻣـﻪﻟـﯚ ـoﻜـﻪ ﺑـﻪIﻣـﺎﻧـﻪت 8ﻣـﺮدن
ﻗ)ﺒـ• و 8ﺧـﻮا
رزﮔـﺎر qـﺮدووﻩ .وﻩرﻩ ™ ﻫـﻪر دوﻛـﲈن دﻩ ــ
ﺳ,ﻨـﻮzـﮋ ـ\ﮕـﺮtـﻦ و روو ـ\ﻜـﻪ ـﯾﻨـﻪ ـ ـ
ﺑﭙــﺎڕ•Reـــﻪوﻩ ،ﺑـﻪ ـZﻜـﻮو ﺷـﲑ ﺑ±.ـــﻪ ﻣـﻪ ـﻣﻜـﻪﰷﱎ و ﺋـﻪم ﻣ•ــﺪاZـﻪ ﺟـﻮاﻧـﻪى ﭘـ¬‚ ﺑـﻪﺧgــﻮ ـ\ﻜـﻪم\ «.ـﺮاش
ﺑـﻪ د{Zــﲃ ﭘـwﻛـﻪوﻩ دﻩZـ‚™» :ﺷـﻪ« و ﭘـﺎش ﻧـﻮzـﮋ qـﺮدن و ﭘـﺎڕاﻧـﻪوﻩ ـﻛ¤ـﻪ دﻩZـ‚G» :ﻛـﻪ ،ﺧـﻮا
دوÈﺎى ﮔﲑا qﺮدووtﻦ و وا ﻣﻪﻣﻜﻪﰷﱎ ﺷﲑ€ن • ﻫﺎت«.
و ﺳـﺎڵ دێ و ﺳـﺎڵ دﻩڕوا .ﻣ•ــﺪاڵ ﮔـﻪورﻩ دﻩ bو qـﻮڕﻩ ﻫـﻪﻣـﻮو رۆژ ﺑـﯚ راوى ﺧـﯚى
دﻩﭼـ‚ و ﺧـﻮ ـﺷﻜـﻪﻛـﻪIـﴙ ﺑـﯚ ﺧـﯚى >ـﻪرtـﲃ ﻛـﻪﯾـﻒ و ﺳـﻪﻓـﺎ دﻩ8 bﮔـﻪڵ دeـﻮﻩى ﻣ.ــﺮدﯾـﺪا،
ﺑـﻪmم ﻫـﻪﺳـﺖ دﻩﰷ ﺳـﻪرﺑـﻪﺳـﺖ ﻧﻴــﻪ و دﻩoـﺮﺳـ‚ رۆژeـﻚ ﺑ.ــﺖ ﺋـﻪم ﳖ{ــﲎﯾـﻪ ﺋـﺎ ـﺷﻜـﺮا ﺑـ Ùو
\ـﺮÐﻛـﻪى ــﺑﻴﻜـﻮژێ8 .ﺑـﻪر ﺋـﻪوﻩ ﺑـﻪ دeـﻮﻩى ﻣ.ــﺮدى دﻩZـ‚» :ﭘﻴــﺎوﻩﻛـﻪ ،دﻩ/ bـﺎرﻩﺳـﻪرى ﺑـﯚ
ﺋ{ﻤـﻪ ﺑـﺪۆزﯾﺘــﻪوﻩ و ﰷرى ـ\ﻜـﻪى\ .ـﺮÐﻛـﻪم 8ﻛـﯚڵ ـ\ﻜـﻪﯾﺘــﻪوﻩ و c 8وى ﺑﺒــﻪﯾـﺖ.
ﺋـﻪم دﻩردﻩى ــ
ﺋﻪﮔﻴﻨﺎ ،ﻗﻪت Écﻪﺳ•R{,ﻪوﻩ!«
دeـﻮﻩش دﻩZـ‚ »™ﺷـﻪ ،ﺗـﯚ ر ـzﮕـﻪﯾـﻪﰼ ﺑـﯚ داﺑـ ` xﺟgﺒـــﻪﺟgــ¬ﻰ ـ\ﻜـﻪم «.ﻧژـﻪ دﻩZـ‚ »ﻛـﻪ وا
ﺑـﻮو ﮔـﻮێ ـ\ﮕـﺮﻩ ،ﭼ)ــﺖ ﭘـ¬‚ دﻩ{Zــﻢ وا ـ\ﻜـﻪG .ﰼ ﺋ{ــﻮارﻩ 8راو و ﺷـﲀر دeﺘــﻪوﻩ و 8ﺳـﻪر
ﻓـﻼﻧـﻪ ﰷﻧﻴــﺎو ﻻ دﻩدا ،ﺋـﺎو دﻩﺧـﻮاﺗـﻪوﻩ .ﺗـﯚ öـﯚ ﺧـﯚت ـ\ﻜـﻪ ﺑـﻪ ژﻩﻫـﺮ و ــﺗ{ﻜـﻪZـﻰ ﺋـﺎوﻩﻛـﻪ ﺑﺒــﻪ و
ــﺑﻴﻜـﻮژﻩq «.ـﻮڕﻩ ـöﻜـﯚڵ ﮔـﻮeـ¬ﻰ 8م ـﻗﺴـﺎﻧـﻪ دﻩ bو ﻫـﻪZـﺪﻩﺳ,ــ¡ ﮔـﯚزﻩﯾـﻪك ﺋـﺎو دﻩ™ﺗـﻪ ﭘـﲑى
>ـﺎ ـZﻴـﻪوﻩ و ﰷ• >ـﺎڵ د ـeﺘـﻪوﻩ و 8ﺳـﻪرﰷﱏ و ﺋـﺎوﻩﻛـﻪ ﻻ دﻩدا ﺋـﺎو ﲞـﻮا ـﺗ ﻪوﻩ ،ﺋـﻪم ﮔـﯚزﻩ
ﺋـﺎوﻩﻛـﻪى دﻩدا• و cﯾـﻪZـ‚ ﺋـﺎوى ﰷﱏﯾـﻪﻛـﻪ ﲞـﻮاﺗـﻪوﻩ و ﺑـﻪم ﺟـﯚرﻩ رزﮔـﺎرى دﻩ .bﻫـﻪر/ـﻪﻧـﺪﻩ
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paydâ-kirdin to find.ﭘﻪﯾﺪا ‘ﺮدن ;panion
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; shîr milkﺷــﲑ ; sâkhta feignedﺳــﺎﺧــ±ــﻪ ; sarsuřmânawa amazementﺳــﻪرﺳــﻮڕﻣــﺎﻧــﻪوﻩ
dasnwezh-girtin to make ablutions (forدﻩﺳـ,ـﻨـﻮzـﮋ ﮔـﺮoـﻦ ; basizmân unfortunateﺑـﻪIﻣـﺎن
; pâřânawa la to beseechﭘـﺎڕاﻧـﻪوﻩ ; qîbla the kiblah, the direction of prayerﻗـ)ـ• ;)prayer
du‘âدوÈـﺎ ﮔـﲑا ‘ـﺮدن ; nwezh-kirdin to prayﻧـﻮzـﮋ ‘ـﺮدن ; pâk pureﭘـﺎک ; mamik breastﻣـﻪﻣـﮏ
gîrâ-kirdin to answer a prayer.
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ﳖ{ــﲎ ; sarbast freeﺳـﻪرﺑـﻪﺳـﺖ ; merd husbandﻣ.ــﺮد ; kayf u safâ gratificationﮐـﻪﯾـﻒ و ﺳـﻪﻓـﺎ
ﺷﮑـﺮا ﺑـﻮون ;nihenî secret
8 la koł kirdin to shoulﮐـﯚڵ ‘ـﺮدن ; âshkirâ-bûn to be revealedﺋـﺎ ـ agînâ otherwise.ﺋﻪﮔﻴﻨﺎ ;der, to take responsibility for
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>ﺎڵ ﻫﯚى ﺋﻪم ﰷرﻩى ﻟ‚ دﻩ-ﺮﺳ‚ ،ﺑﻪmم ﭘ{¬ﻰ .‚Zc
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êﺸﻜgــﻚ و 8
دو رۆژى ﺋـﺎ ـﯾﻨـﺪﻩ ﻧژـﻪ ﺑـﻪ دeـﻮﻩى ﻣ.ــﺮدى دﻩZـ‚» :ﺋـﻪﻣـ½ۆ ـﺑﺒـﻪ ﺑـﻪ دوو ـ ـ
êـﺸ,ـﱴ دﻩرﮔـwﻛـﻪوﻩ ﺧـﯚت ﻣـﻪmس ﺑـﺪﻩ و ﻛـﻪ ﻫـﺎﺗـﻪ ژوورﻩوﻩ واى ﭘ{ــﻮﻩ ﺑـﺪﻩ ﺗـﻮوﰽ ﺳـﻪرى ™
ﺑyRـــﺎتq «.ـﻮڕﻩﻛـﻪ€ن ﮔـﻮeـ¬ﻰ 8م ﺗـﻪﮔﺒــﲑﻩش دﻩ bو ﰷ• >ـﺎZـﻰ دeﺘــﻪوﻩ دﻩﺳـ,ﺒــﻪﺟـ‚ 8ﮔـﻪZـﻰ
êﺸﻜـﻪﻛـﻪ .دeـﻮﻩش 8ﺑـﻪر ﺋـﻪوﻩى <ـﻪرﮔ{ــﱴ
دﻩﭼgﺘـــﻪ ژوورﻩوﻩ و ﻗـﺎﭼـﻰ دﻩ>ـﺎﺗـﻪ ﺳـﻪر دوو ـ ـ
ﭘ{ﻮﻩى cدا و ﺋﻪﳎﺎرﻩش qﻮڕﻩ رزﮔﺎرى دﻩ.b
ﺑـﯚ رۆژى ﺳـ{,ﻬـــﻪم ﻧژـﻪ دﻩZـ‚™» :ﺷـﻪ ،ﺑﺒــﻪ ﺑـﻪ ﺗـﻮو 8ﻣـﺎرeـﻚ و öـﯚرﻩ ﭘﻴــ·وﻩﰷﻧﻴــﻪوﻩ و
ﰷ• 8ﭘ{ــ¬ﻰ qـﺮد ﭘ{ــﻮﻩ ﺑـﺪﻩ و ــﺑﻴﻜـﻮژﻩq «.ـﻮڕﻩ ـöﻜـﯚڵ د ـIﺴـﺎﻧـﻪوﻩ ﮔـﻮeـ¬ﻰ 8ﭘﻴــﻼﻧـﻪش دﻩ bو
ﰷ• >ـﺎڵ ﻫـﻪZـﺪﻩﺳ,ــ¡ ـﭘﻴـ·وﻩﰷﱏ 8ﭘـ¬‚ \ـﲀ ﺋـﻪم >.ــﺮا رادﻩﰷ و ـﭘﻴـ·و ﻫـﻪZـﺪﻩﺗـﻪ ـﻛ{ـ xو
ﻣﺎرﻩﻛﻪى ﻟ‚ دﻩردﻩﭘﻪڕێ و دﻩڕوا.
ﺑـﻪم ﺷـ{,ــﻮﻩﯾـﻪ ﺧـﻮﺷـﲃ cﭘـﺎك ﻫـﻪرﭼـﻰ ﭘﻴــﻼن ﺑـﻮو ﺑـﻪ ﰷرى ﻫـ{ﻨــﺎ و ﺑـﯚى ﻧـﻪﭼـﻮوﻩ ﺳـﻪر
و \ ـﺮاى ﭘ ـ¬‚ c 8و ﻧ ـﻪ\ ـ½ا .رۆژ zـﻜ ـ) ـﺎن \ ـﺮا c 8وﻩﺧ ـ ±ـﺎ و ﭘ ـ .ـﺶ وادﻩى ﺧ ـﯚى 8راو
ﭘ{ﻜـﻪوﻩ >ـﻪوﺗـﻮون و qـﻮڕﻩ
دﻩﮔـﻪڕ ـeﺘـﻪوﻩ و دﻩ ـﺑRـ xوا ﺧـﻮ ـ
ﺷﻜـﻪﻛـﻪى 8ﮔـﻪڵ دeـﻮ ـzﻜـﺪا ـ ـ
öـﻜ ـﯚ Zـﻪﻛ ـﻪ€ن ﺑ ـﻪم ﻻ و ﺑ ـﻪو ﻻدا و eـ´ qـﺮدووﻩ و ﺑ ـﯚ ﺧ ـﯚ€ن را دﻩﺑ ـﻮ zـﺮن .ﺋ ـﻪﻣ ـ Rـﺶ
ﻫـﻪZـﺪﻩﻛ.ــﺸ±.ـــﻪ >ـﻪﳒـﻪرى دﻩ™ن و ﻫـﻪر دووqﻴــﺎن دادﻩﭘـﺎﭼgﺘـــﻪ ﺳـﻪر ﯾـﻪﻛـﺪا .وﻩﺧـ¡ qـﻮڕﻩ
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ﺟgﺒـﻪﺟـ‚ ‘ـﺮدن ; rega dâ-nân to show the wayر ـzﮕـﻪ داcن
jebaje-kirdin to take care of,ـ ـ
kho kirdin baﺧـﯚ ‘ـﺮدن ﺑـﻪ ; kânîâw springﰷ ـﻧﻴـﺎو ; filân such-and-suchﻓـﻼن ;”to “polish off
\ـﺮدﻧـﻪ ﭘـﲑی ; goza potﮔـﯚزﻩ ;ö bichkoł littleـﮑـﯚڵ ; zhahr poisonژﻩﻫـﺮ ;to turn oneself into
ﻫ{ـ´( ; sarkânî springﺳـﻪرﰷﱏ ;> khâł maternal uncleـﺎڵ ;birdinà pîr i to offer to
ﻫ.ﺸـﱳ ) ـ
ــ
kânîﰷﱏ ;)c nâyełe he doesn’t allowﯾــــﻪZــــ‚ > c nâhełeﻫــــ{ــــŸــــ ‚( heshtin (heł-) to allow
spring.
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kho małâs-dân toﺧـــﯚ ﻣـــﻪmس دان ; dûpishk scorpionدووêـــﺸـــﮏ ; âyinda nextﺋـــﺎﯾـــﻨـــﺪﻩ
; pe-dân to bite, stingـﭘ{ـﺪان ; hâtinà zhûrawa to come insideﻫـﺎ ـﺗﻨـﻪ ژوورﻩوﻩ ;crouch down
ﺗـﻪﮔـﺒـﲑ ;\ ™ bâ birdin for the wind to carry awayـﺮدن ; tûkasar hair on the headﺗـﻮوﮐـﻪﺳـﻪر
ـــﻪ ﺳـﻪر ;tagbîr plot
< jarg beloved child, offـﻪرگ ; qâch khistinà sar to step onﻗـﺎچ ـﺧﺴ•£< jargîyatî ‘he is his child’).ﻪرﮔﯽﯾﻪﰏ < jargetî forﻪرﮔ{ﱴ( spring
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ö bichorà go into (imperaـﯚرﻩ ; tûl a mâr little snakeﺗـﻮو 8ﻣـﺎر ; seham thirdﺳـ,ـ{ـﻬـﻪمﻫـﻪZﺘــﻪﰷﻧـﺪن ; pîlân planﭘﻴــﻼن ;) pe-kirdin to put on (a shoeﭘـ¬‚ ‘ـﺮدن ; pełâw shoeﭘ{ــ·و ;)tive
dar-pařîn la to fall out of.دﻩرﭘﻪڕtﻦ ;hał-takândin to shake out
136
READINGS
ـöﻜـﯚڵ دeﺘــﻪوﻩ و ﺋـﻪم ÉـﺎZـﻪ دﻩﺑRــo ،xـﺮﳻ ﻟـ‚ دﻩ ــﻧRﺸـ‚ و دﻩZـ‚™» :ﺷـﻪ> ،ـﺎZـﻪ ،ﻣ•Rـــﺶ
دﻩqﻮژى؟« ﺋﻪوIﺶ دﻩ» :‚Zﻧﻪ> ،ﺎZﻪ ،ﺗﯚ ﻣ•ﺪا{Zﲃ `bواﱏ .ﺑﯚ ﭼﻰ ﺑﺘﻜﻮژم؟«
ﺋـﻪو<ـﺎ qـﻮڕﻩ ـöﻜـﯚڵ ـﭘ{ـ¬ﻰ دﻩZـ‚>» :ـﺎZـﻪ< ،ـﺎ ،چ راﺳـﺖ و چ درۆ ،ﻣـﻦ qـﻮڕى ﺋـﻪو
ﭘﻴــﺎو و ﻧژـﻪم و /ـﻪﻧـﺪ <ـﺎر وIـﺴـ,ﺘــﻮو€ﻧـﻪ ﺗـﯚ c 8و ﺑﺒــﻪن و ﻣـﻦ ﻧـﻪ.2ــﺸـ,ﺘــﻮوﻩ «.ﭘـﺎﺷـﺎن ™ﳻ
ژﻩﻫﺮاوى qﺮدﱏ ﰷﻧﻴﺎوﻩﻛﻪ و دووêﺸﻚ و ﻣﺎرﻩﻛﻪى ﺑﯚ دﻩﰷ.
)q 8ـﻮرﰏ ﺑﻴــ²ﯾﻨــﻪوﻩq (.ـﻮڕى ﭘـﺎﺷـﺎ ™ر و ™ر>ـﺎﻧـﻪ رeـﻚ دﻩ>ـﺎ و 8ﮔـﻪڵ qـﻮڕﻩ ـöﻜـﯚZـﻰ
ﺷﻜـﻪزاﯾـﺪا ﺑـﻪرﻩو ﻣـﺎZـﻰ ™وﰽ دﻩﻛـﻪوﻧـﻪ رێ .زۆر €ن ﻛـﻪم دﻩڕۆن ﻛـﻪس cزا œﺧـﻮا
ﺧـﻮ ـ
ـــﻪوﻩ.
ﺧـﯚى ﻧـﻪ ` bدﻩﮔـﻪﻧـﻪ ﺷـﻮg*eـــﻚ و 8وێ qـﻮڕﻩ ™ر دﻩ>ـﺎ ﺑـﯚ ﺋـﻪوﻩى ﺷـﻪو 8وێ ﲝـﻪﺳ•.
qـﻮڕﻩى ﺧـﻮ ـﺷﻜـﻪزاى ﭘ{ــ¬ﻰ دﻩZـ‚>» :ـﺎZـﻪÉ ،ـﻪز cﻛـﻪم 8م ﺷـﻮzـﻦ و ﮔـﻮزﻩرﻩدا ﲟ{ــﻨ•Rـــﻪوﻩ و
ﺑـﻪ ™ﳽ cزاﱎ« ﺑـﻪmم >ـﺎڵ ـﻫﻴـﭻ ™ﯾـﻪﺧـ‚ ﺑـﻪ ـﻗﺴـﻪﻛـﻪى cدا و ﻫـﻪر ﺳـﻪر 8ـﺋ{ـﻮارﻩ ﺑـﯚ
دﻩ> ـﻪوێ /c .ـﺎر qـﻮڕﻩى ﺧ ـﻮﺷ ـﻜ ـﻪزاى ﺋ ـﻪو ﺷ ـﻪوﻩ ﻧ ـﻪ> ـﻪوت و ﺋ ـ .ـﺸ ـﲃ ﮔ ـﺮت8 ،
ﻧـﻴـﻮﻩﺷـﻪودا دeـﻮeـﻚ وﻩك ™ و ﺑـﯚران ﺑـﻪ ﺑـﯚZـﻪﺑـﯚڵ ﻫـﺎت و دﻩﯾـﻮت» :ﺑـﯚن دێ ،ﺑـﯚﱏ
ﺴ,ﺘـﺎ ـﺗ ﯚز و
ـ ـﺑ{ﮕـﺎcن دێ8 ،م دﻩور و ﻣـﻪﰷcن دێ! ﻛـ‚ \ـﺮاى ﻣـﲎ qـﻮ ــ
ﺷ,ﺘـﻮوﻩ ﻫـﻪر ـﺋ.ـ ــ
ﮔـﻪردى دﻩﺑـﻪم ﺑـﻪ ﺋـﺎﺳـﲈﻧـﺪاq «.ـﻮڕﻩ ـöﻜـﯚڵ ﻛـﻪ ﺧـﯚى 8ﺳـﻪرى ™وqﻴــﻪوﻩ 8ﻧـﻪوﻩى دeـﻮان
ﻴﻜ.ﺸـﺎ >ـﻪﳒـﻪر و دﻩم و دﻩس 8وeـﺪا دeـﻮﻩى qـﻮﺷـﺖ و ﭘـﺎﺷـﺎن ﻟـﻮوت و ﮔـﻮeـ¬ﻰ
ﺑـﻮو ﻫـﻪZــ ــ
\½ى و ﺧﺴ,ﺘ*)ﻪ ﺗﻮورﻩﻛﻪﯾﻪﻛﻪوﻩ و ﺑﯚ ﺧﯚى ﻟ{¬ﻰ >ﻪوت.
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chûnà sar toﭼـﻮوﻧـﻪ ﺳـﻪر ; ba kâr henân to put into effectﺑـﻪ ﰷر ﻫ{ﻨـــﺎن ;c nâpâk vileﭘـﺎک
>ـﻪوoـﻦ )>ـﻪو( ; wâda appointed timeوادﻩ ;c 8 la nâwakht’â unexpectedlyوﻩﺧـ±ـﺎ ;succeed
bo khoﺑـﯚ ﺧـﯚ راﺑـﻮاردن )ﺑـﻮzـﺮ( ; weł-kirdin to turn looseوeـ´ ‘ـﺮدن ;khawtin (khaw-) to sleep
Zﮑ.ﺸـﺎن ;râ-bwârdin (bwer-) to enjoy oneself
> khanjarـﻪﳒـﻪر ; hał-keshân to draw outﻫـﻪ ـ ــ
É ḥâłـﺎڵ ; wakhtè whenوﻩﺧـ¡ ; sar yek’dâ togetherﺳـﻪر ﯾـﻪﮐـﺪا ; dabân steelدﻩ™ن ;dagger
> khâła: children are custoـﺎ Zـﻪ ; o tirs nîshtin la for fear to seizeـﺮس ﻧ ـ Rـﺸ ـﱳ situation; 8marily addressed by the relationship the speaker has to them, i.e. fathers address all
™ bâba, and maternal uncles address all theirﺑـــــــــﻪ their children, male and female, as
betâwân innocent.ﺑ±.ﺎوان ;> khâłaﺎZﻪ nieces and nephews as
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; wîstin to wantوIـــﺴـــﱳ ; chi râst u chi diro whether right or wrongچ راﺳـــﺖ و چ درۆ
heshtin (heł-) to allow.ﻫ.ﺸﱳ )ﻫ{´(
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™ bâr u bârkhâna supplies,ر و ™ر> ـﺎﻧ ـﻪ ; ‘ 8 la kurtî biřînawa to cut shortـﻮرﰏ \ ـ½ﯾ ـﻨ ـﻪوﻩ
™ر ; khwishkazâ nephewﺧ ـﻮﺷ ـﮑ ـﻪزا ; rek-khistin to get togetherر zـﮏ ﺧ ـﺴ ـﱳ ;provisions
137
SORANI KURDISH
ﺑـﯚ ﺑـﻪ€ﱏ qـﻮڕﻩ Éـﺎڵ و ﻣـﻪﺳـﻪ8ى دeـﻮﻩى ﺑـﯚ >ـﺎZـﻰ ﮔـ.ـ½اﯾـﻪوﻩ و ﺋـﻪوIـﺶ زۆر
ﺳـﻮﭘـﺎﳻ qـﺮد و ﻟـ{ﻴــﺎن دارۆ ـIﺸـﱳ .ﻛـﻪم €ن زۆر رۆ ـIﺸـﱳ ﻛـﻪس cزا œﺧـﻮا ﺧـﯚى ﻧـﻪ` b
g*eﻜـﺪا ر ـeﻴـﺎن ﻛـﻪوﺗـﻪ دﻩZـﻪ دeـﻮeـﻚ ﭘـﺎڵ ﻛـﻪوـﺗﺒـﻮو و ﻣـﻪﻣـﲃ /ـﻪﭘـ¬ﻰ راﺧـﺴy£ـــﻮو و
8ﺷـﻮ ـــ
ﺳ{,ـﻚ ﻟ.ــﺮﻩوﻩ ﺗþ.ـــﻪڕێ 8
ﻣـﻪﻣـﲃ راﺳ,ــﱴ داﺑـﻮو ﺑـﻪ ﺧـﯚدا .دﻩﯾـﲊﰷﻧـﺪ و دﻩﯾـﻮت» :ﻫـﻪرﻛـﻪ ــ
دﻩﺳ ,ــﱲ دﻩرcﭼـ‚ و 8ت و ﭘـﻪﰏ دﻩﻛـﻪم .ﻣـﻦ ™Zـﺪار ﻫـﺎﺗـﻮوﻩ ™Zـﻢ ﺷـﲀﻧـﺪووﻩ و Zcـﺪار
ﻫﺎﺗﻮوﺗﻪ Zcﻢ ﺷﲀﻧﺪووﻩ«.
ﺸ,ﺘـﻪوﻩ ﺑـﯚى \ـ½ۆ و
qـﻮڕﻩ ـöﻜـﯚڵ وﰏ>» :ـﺎZـﻪ ،دﻩﺧ)ﻠـــﱲ ،ﻓـﺮ €ﻛـﻪوﻩ ،ﺑـﻪ دزﻩ ê 8ـ ــ
bﺋـﻪوﻩى ﺋـwﮔـﺎى 8ﺧـﯚى ﺑ.ــﺖ ﻛـﻪ ﮔـﻪIـﺸ,ـﺘ±Rـــﻪ ﻻى ،ﯾـﻪ ـqﺴـﻪر ﻣـﻪﻣـﲃ راﺳ,ـﱴ ﲞـﻪرﻩ دﻩﻣـﺖ
و ـﺑ) ـﻤـﮋﻩ .ﺑـﻪم ﰷرﻩ ـﺋﻴـﱰ ز€ﻧـﺖ ﭘـ¬‚ cﮔـﻪﯾـﻪ œو ﺑـﻪ qـﻮڕى ﺧـﯚﯾـﺖ ﺗـﻪﻣـﺎﺷـﺎ دﻩﰷ و رازى
ﺧـﯚﯾـﺖ 8ﻻ دﻩدرﻛ{ــq «.xـﻮڕﻩ ﺑـﻪ ـﻗﺴـﻪى ﺧـﻮ ـﺷﻜـﻪزÐﻛـﻪى qـﺮد و وﻩﺧـﱴ ﻣـﻪﻣـﲃ راﺳ,ــﱴ
دﻩZـﻪ دeـﻮى ﺧـﺴ ,ــﺘـﻪ دﻩم ،دeـﻮﻩ را ـŸ/ـﻪﰽ و وﰏ» :ﺋـﺎى ﺋـﺎدﻩﱉ ،ﻛـ‚ ﺋـﻪﻣـﻪى 8ﻻت
درﰷﻧـﺪووﻩ؟! ﺑـﻪ ﮔـﻪورﻩﱙ ﺧـﻮا ﻗـﻪﺳـﻪم وات ﻧـﻪqـﺮداﯾـﻪ ﺗـﯚز و ﮔـﻪردم دﻩ\ـﺮدى ﺑـﻪ ﺋـﺎﺳـﲈﻧـﺪا،
ﺑـﻪmم ﭼـﻰ ـ\ﻜـﻪم؟ ﺋ.ــﺴـ,ﺘــﺎ ﺗـﯚ ﻣ•ــﺖ qـﺮد ﺑـﻪ داtـﲃ ﺧـﯚت و ﭘ{ــﻢ ﺑŸــ‚ 8ﭼـﻰ ÈـﻪوداZـﻰq ،ـﻮڕم،
و ﺑـﻪ دواى ﭼ)ــﺪا وŸeــﻰ؟« qـﻮڕﻩش دﻩZـ‚» :دﻩLـﻪوﻩ ﺑـﯚ ﻣـﺎZـﻰ ™وﰼ «.دeـﻮﻩ دﻩZـ‚q» :ـﻮڕم،
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ba bâshî nâzânimﺑـﻪ ™ﳽ cزاﱎ ;É ḥaz-kirdin to likeـﻪز ‘ـﺮدن ; bâr-khistin to unloadـﺧﺴـﱳ
ﺋ ـ .ـﺸ ـﮏ ﮔ ـﺮ oـﻦ ;™ bâyakh-dân ba to pay attention toﯾ ـﻪخ دان ﺑ ـﻪ ;’‘I don’t think it’s good
wak bâ u borânوﻩک ™ و ﺑـﯚران ; nîwashaw midnightـﻧﻴـﻮﻩﺷـﻪو ;eshik-girtin to keep watch
dawr uدﻩور و ﻣـﻪﰷن ; begâna strangerﺑـ{ـﮕـﺎﻧـﻪ ; bołaboł roaringﺑـﯚZـﻪﺑـﯚڵ ;like a whirlwind
8ﺳ ـﻪری ; âsmân skyﺋ ـﺎﺳ ـﲈن ; toz u gard dustﺗ ـﯚز و ﮔ ـﻪرد ;? ke whoﮐ ـ‚ ;makân these parts
Zﮑ.ﺸـﺎن ; nawa raceﻧـﻪوﻩ ;™ la sar i bâwkîawa on his father’s sideوـ‘ﻴـﻪوﻩ
> khanjarـﻪﳒـﻪر ﻫـﻪ ـ ــ
ﺧﺴ•£ـﻪ ; lût noseﻟـﻮوت ; dam u das straightawayدﻩم و دﻩس ;hał-keshân to draw a dagger
ـ ــ
khistinà tûrakayèkawa to stuff in a sack.ﺗﻮورﻩﮐﻪﯾﻪﮐﻪوﻩ
١
pâłﭘــﺎڵ ﮐــﻪوoــﻦ ; dał a dew demonessدﻩZــﻪ دeــﻮ ; le dâ-royshtin to set offﻟــ‚ دارۆIــﺸــﱳ
³ nirــﺮﰷﻧــﺪن ; râ-khistin to spread outراﺧــﺴــﱳ ; mamik breastﻣــﻪﻣــﮏ ;kawtin to reclineـــﻪڕtـﻦ ;kândin to grunt
dar-chûn la dast to escapeدﻩرﭼـﻮون 8دﻩﺳـﺖ ; te-pařîn to pass byﺗþ.
Z™ bâłdâr &c. this “jingly” phrase (‘I have broken the wing of anyــــــــﺪار ;the clutches
bird that has come, and I have broken the horseshoe of any horse that has come’) is
Zc) andـﺪار ﻫ ـﺎﺗ ـﻮوﻩ Zcـﻰ ﭘ ـﻪراﻧ ـﺪووﻩ Z™ ،ـﺪار ﻫ ـﺎﺗ ـﻮوﻩ ™ Zـﻰ وﻩراﻧ ـﺪووﻩ( based on a Kurdish proverb
seems to be a sort of demonic chant, like the giant’s “fee fi fo fum” in English
fairytales. In Iranian fairytales demons usually announce their approach with some
sort of chant.
138
READINGS
ﻫ{ﺠﮕـﺎر ﺳـﻪﺧـﺖ و ﻫـﻪZـﻪت و -ـ½ 8ﻣـﻪoـﺮﳻﯾـﻪ! 8ﻓـﻼﻧـﻪ ﺷـﻮzـﻦ
ر ـzﮕـﺎى ﻣـﺎZـﻰ ™وqـﺖ ــ ـ
ﻓRﺴـﺎرﻩ ﺷـﻮzـﻦ ﺗـﻮوﳽ دﻩردى ﺳـﻪرىﯾـﻪﰽ وا
ﺗـﻮوﳽ ﻓـﻼﻧـﻪ ﺳـﻪ«ـ•ﺗـﲕ د ـReـﺖ و 8ـ ـ
دﻩﰉ «.ﺑـﻪ qـﻮرﰏ ﻫـﻪﻣـﻮو ﻛـﯚﺳـﭗ و cﺧـﯚﺷ)Rـــﻪﰽ ر ـzﮕـﺎى ﺑـﯚ دﻩﰷ و ﭘ{ــﻮIـﺴـ,ﺘــﻪ ﺋـﻪﻣRــﺶ ﭼـﻰ
\ﲀ و ﭼﻰ ﻧﻪﰷ.
ﺷﻜـﻪزÐﻛـﻪى دﻩڕۆن .ﻣـﺎوﻩﯾـﻪﰽ زۆر دﻩڕۆن ` دﻩﮔـﻪﻧـﻪ ³ـﺰﯾـﻚ
ﭘـﺎﺷـﺎن qـﻮڕﻩ و ﺧـﻮ ـ
ﺷـﺎرeـﻚ و 8ﻗـﻪراخ ﺷـﺎرﻩوﻩ ﺧgــﻮﻩت ﻫـﻪZـﺪﻩدﻩن و ﺋـﻪو<ـﺎ ﺑـﻪ ﻧﻴــﺎزى ﻛـﻪل و ﭘـﻪل و ﺷ,ــﱴ
ـﭘ{ـﻮ ـIﺴـﺖ ﻛـ½tـﻦ دﻩﭼ•ــﻪ cو ﺷـﺎر و دﻩڕوا³ـﻦ >ـﻪZـﻚ ﻫـﻪﻣـﻮو ﻣـﺎت و >ـﻪﻣyــﺎرن و دﻩ ـﻟ{ـ¬ﯽ
ﺧـﯚZـﻰ ﻣـﺮدوو€ن qـﺮاوﻩ ﺑـﻪ ﺳـﻪردا .ﺋـﻪﻣـﺎﻧRــﺶ ﻫـﯚى ﺋـﻪم Éـﺎڵ و وﻩزÈـﻪ 8ﯾـﻪﻛ{ــﻚ دﻩ-ـﺮﺳـﻦ و
ﺋـﻪوIـﺶ 8وﻩmﻣـﺪا دﻩZـ‚» :ﺋـﻪژدﳞـﺎﯾـﻪك ﺑـﻪرى ﺳـﻪر/ـﺎوﻩى ﺋـﺎوى ﺷـﺎرى ﻟـ‚ ﮔـﺗﺮـﻮوtـﻦ و
ﻫـﻪﻣـﻮو رۆژێ دﻩ bـﻛﭽ{ــﲃ ﺑـﯚ \ـ½ازeـﻨ•Rـــﻪوﻩ و ﺑـﯚى ﺑﺒــﻪtـﻦ ــﺑﻴﺨـﻮات ،دﻩc ،cﯾـﻪZـ‚ دZـﯚﭘ{ــﻚ
ﺧ•ﻜgــﲔ .وا ﺳ,ﺒـــﻪﯾﻨRـــﺶ ﻧـﯚرﻩى ـﻛﭽـﻰ ﭘـﺎﺷـﺎﯾـﻪ و دﻩﺑRــﲎ
ﺋـﺎوﻣـﺎن ﺑـﯚ ﺑ.ــﺖ و 8ﺗ•Rـــﻮاﻧـﺪا دﻩ ــ
>ﻪZﻜﻪﻛﻪ 8چ Éﺎ{Zﻜﺪان«.
ﺧgـﻮﻩ ـﺗ ﻪﻛـﻪى ﺧـﯚ€ن.
ﺋـﻪﻣـﺎ ـﻧRـﺶ ﺑـﻪ >ـﻪم و >ـﻪﻓـﻪ ـﺗ{ـﲃ زۆرﻩوﻩ دﻩﮔـﻪڕ ـeﻨـﻪوﻩ ﺑـﯚ ـ
ﻧﻴــﻮﻩﺷـﻪو qـﻮڕﻩ ـöﻜـﯚڵ ﺑـﻪ دزى >ـﺎZﻴــﻪوﻩ ﺑـﯚ ﺳـﻪر/ـﺎوﻩى ﺋـﺎوﻩﻛـﻪ دادﻩ ـæﺸـ‚ و 8وێ دﻩ³ـﮓ
8ﺋـﻪژدﳞـﺎ دﻩﰷ و دﻩZـ‚» :ﰷﻓـﺮ ،ﺧـﯚﰎ 8ﺑـﻪردا رÐﮔـﺮﻩ!« qـﻮڕﻩ ﭼـﻮو ـ³ﻜـﻪ 8ﻧـﻪوﻩى دeـﻮان
١
٢
١
ﺧ)ﻠـﱲ
ba diza surrepﺑـﻪ دزﻩ ; firyâ-kawtin to assistﻓـﺮ €ﮐـﻪوoـﻦ ; dakhîlitim I beg youدﻩ ـ ـêﺸ,ﺘـﻪوﻩ رۆﺷـﱳ ﺑـﯚ ;titiously
bﺋـﻪوﻩی ; 8 la pishtawa royshtin bo to go behind the back ofـ ــ
ﺧﺴ•£ـﻪ دﻩم ;be awaî (+ subj.) without
mizhîn toﻣـﮋtـﻦ ; khistinà dam to put in the mouthـ ـ ـ
درﰷﻧـﺪن ; râz secretراز ; ba kuř i khoy as her own sonﺑـﻪ ‘ـﻮڕی ﺧـﯚی ; ziyân harmز€ن ;suck
âdamî huﺋـﺎدﻩﻣـﯽ ; râ-chiłakîn to be startledرا ـŸ/ـﻪﮐـﲔ ; 8 dirkândin la lâ to disclose toﻻ weł ba dwâ i …dâوeـ´ ﺑـﻪ دوای …دا ;È ‘awdâł wanderingـﻪوداڵ ; qasam oathﻗـﻪﺳـﻪم ;man
ﻫ{ﺠﮕـﺎر ;looking for
; hałat dangerousﻫـﻪZـﻪت ; sakht difficultﺳـﻪﺧـﺖ ; hejgâr extremelyـ ـ ـ
ﮐـﯚﺳـﭗ ; fîsâr such-and-suchﻓـRـﺴـﺎر ; saghlatî confusionﺳـﻪ«ـ•ﰏ ; matirsî frightﻣـﻪoـﺮﳻ
pewîst necessary.ﭘ{ﻮIﺴﺖ ;c nâkhoshî unpleasantnessﺧﯚﳽ ;kosp difficulty
٢
kal uﮐـﻪل و ﭘـﻪل ; khewat hał-dân to pitch a tentﺧgــﻮﻩت ﻫـﻪZـﺪان ; qarâkh outskirtsﻗـﻪراخ
khoł i mirdû seeﺧـﯚZـﯽ ﻣـﺮدوو ;> khambâr sadـﻪﻣـyـﺎر ; křîn to buyﮐـ½tـﻦ ;pal paraphernalia
ﻫ{Ÿـ‚ = c nâyełeﯾـﻪZـ‚ ; waz‘ situationوﻩزع ;note 1 on p. 115
;) heshtinـ ـ
ﻫ.ﺸـﱳ <( c nâhełeـ ـ
8 la tînuân’dâ khinkân to chokeﺗـRـ•ـﻮاﻧـﺪا ﺧـ•ـﲀن ; diłopèk âw a drop of waterدZـﯚﭘـ{ـﮏ ﺋـﺎو
from thirst.
139
SORANI KURDISH
ﴰﺸـﲑ و ﺋـﻪژدﳞـﺎ 8ت و ﭘـﻪت
دﻩ bﻫ.ــﺰ و ﮔـﯚڕzـﲃ bﺷـﻮﻣـﺎرى دﻩﺑ.ــﺖ و ﻫـﻪZـﺪﻩﻛ.ــﺸ±.ـــﻪ ـ
ﴰﺸـﲑﻩﻛـﻪى دﻩ/ـﻪﻗgــﻨ±.ـــﻪ زﻩوىﯾـﻪﻛـﻪدا و ﺗـﻪ8ﲰـﻰ ﺋـﻪوﻩى ﺑـﻪ ﺳـﻪردا
دﻩﰷ و ﻫـﻪر 8وeـﺪا ـ
دﻩﺧـﻮeـ xﻛـﻪ 8ﺧـﯚى زo€ـﺮ ﻛـﻪس ﺑـﯚى ﻫـﻪZﻨــﻪﻛـﻪﻧـﺪرeـﺖ و ﺋـﻪو<ـﺎ دeﺘــﻪوﻩ ﺑـﯚ ﻻى >ـﺎZـﻰ و
دﻩ>ﻪوێ.
ﺑـﯚ ﺳـ,ـﺒـﻪﯾـ xﻫـﻪﻣـﻮو >ـﻪZـﲃ ﺷـﺎر دﻩﭼـﻦ ﺑـﯚ ﺳـﻪر/ـﺎوﻩى ﺋـﺎوﻩﻛـﻪ ﺑـﯚ ﺋـﻪوﻩى
ﺧـﻮاÉـﺎﻓـﲒﱙ ﯾـﻪ ـ9æـﺎرى 8ـﻛﭽـﻰ ﭘـﺎﺷـﺎى ﺷـﺎرﻩﻛـﻪ€ن ـ\ﻜـﻪن8 .وێ ﺗـﻪﻣـﺎﺷـﺎ دﻩﻛـﻪن :ﺋـﻪژدﳞـﺎ
8ت و ﭘـﻪت qـﺮاوﻩ .ﺋـﻴـﺪى 8ﺷـﺎردا 8ﻫـﻪﻣـﻮو ﻣـﺎڵ و qـﻮو/ـﻪ و ﻛـﯚmﻧـ{ـﻜـﺪا دﻩ bﺑـﻪ
ﺋـﺎﻫـﻪ³ـﮓ و ﺷـﺎﱙ ﻟـﯚ«ـﺎن و <ـﺎرﭼـﻰ ﺑـﻪ ﺷـﺎردا <ـﺎر دﻩدا ﻛـﻪ ﻫـﻪر ﻛـﻪﺳ{,ـــﻚ ﺋـﻪم ﺋـﺎزاﯾـﻪﰏ و
ﺒﻜ.ﺸـﺎﯾـﻪ
ﭘـﺎZـﻪواﻧ.ــﱴﯾـﻪى ﻧـﻮاﻧـﺪووﻩ ™ ﺑ.ــﺖ ﭘـﺎﺷـﺎ >ـﻪmﰏ دﻩﰷ ،ﺑـﻪmم ﻫـﻪر ﻛـﻪﺳـ‚ ﺧـﯚى ﻫـﻪZــ ــ
ﴰﺸـﲑﻩﻛـﻪى 8زﻩوى دﻩرﻫـ{ﻨــﺎﯾـﻪ،
و ﻻﰱ ﺋـﻪوﻩى ﻟـ‚ ﺑـﺪاﯾـﻪ ﻛـﻪ ﺋـﻪم ﰷرﻩى qـﺮدووﻩ دﻩﺑـﻮاﯾـﻪ ـ
ﺑـﻪmم ﻫﻴــﭻ ﻛـﻪﺳ{,ـــﻚ 8واﻧـﻪ ﺑـﯚ€ن دﻩﻧرـﻪﻫـﺎت .ﺋـﻪﳎـﺎر ﺑـﻪ ﭘـﺎﺷـﺎ€ن رÐﮔـﻪ€ﻧـﺪ ﻛـﻪ »ﻛـﻪس 8
ﺷـﺎردا ﻧـﻪﻣـﺎوﻩ ﻧـﻪﯾـﻪﺗـﻪ ﺋ.ــﺮﻩ ،ﺗـﻪﻧﻴــﺎ دوو ﻛـﻪس ﻧـﻪ 8 bﭘـﻪڕى ﺷـﺎرﻩوﻩ ﺧgــﻮﻩﺗﻴــﺎن ﻫـﻪZـﺪاوﻩ و
cزا³ـﺮێ ™وك و qـﻮڕن\ ،ـﺮان/ ،ـﲔ «.ﭘـﺎﺷـﺎ cردى ﺑـﻪ ﺷـﻮ)*eـــﺎﻧـﺪا و 8ر ـzﮕـﺎ qـﻮڕﻩ ـöﻜـﯚڵ
ﴰﺸـﲑﻩﻛـﻪﳽ
ﺑـﻪ >ـﺎZـﻰ وت» :ﺑŸــ‚ ﻣـﻦ ﺋـﻪم ﰷرﻩم qـﺮدووﻩ« و ﺋـﻪو<ـﺎ ﺗـﻪ8ﲰـﻰ دﻩرﻫـ{ﻨــﺎﱏ ـ
ﭘـ¬‚ وت .ﺑـﻪم ﺟـﯚرﻩ ﰷ• ﭼـﻮوﻧـﻪ دﯾـﻮاﱏ ﭘـﺎﺷـﺎ >ـﺎڵ وﰏ<» :ـﻪcﰉ ﭘـﺎﺷـﺎ ،ﻣـﻦ ﺋـﻪم
ﴰﺸـﲑﻩﻛـﻪى دﻩرﻫـ{ﻨــﺎ.
ﺋـﻪژدﳞـﺎﯾـﻪم qـﻮﺷـ,ﺘــﻮوﻩ« و ﺑـﯚ ﺑـﻪ ـZﮕـﻪ و ﺳـﻪZـﲈﻧـﺪﱏ ـﻗﺴـﻪﻛـﻪIـﴙ ﭼـﻮو ـ
ﭘـﺎﺷـﺎ زۆر رzـﺰى ﻟـ‚ cو ﭘ{ــ¬ﻰ وت» :ﭼـﻰ ﺋـﺎرﻩزوو دﻩﻛـﻪى؟ 8ﭘـﺎرﻩ 8 ،ﻣـﺎڵ 8 ،زzـ½ و
ﺷﻜـﻪزÐﻛـﻪى ﭼþــﺎﻧـﺪى ﺑـﻪ ﮔـﻮ ـeﻴـﺪا و وﰏ:
<ـﻪواﻫـﲑات /ـﻪﻧـﺪ دﻩﺑـﻪى ،ﺑyRـــﻪ «.ﻟ.ــﺮﻩدا ﺧـﻮ ـ
ﻫﻴﭽـﻢ cوێ و ﺗـﻪﻧﻴــﺎ ﮔـﻮ{Zــﲃ ™ ـﺧ¤ـﻪﻛـﻪﰎ دﻩوێ «.ﰷ• qـﻮڕﻩ
»ﺑŸــ‚ ،ﭘـﺎﺷـﺎ ،ﻣـﻦ 8ﻣـﺎZـﻰ دﻧﻴــﺎ ــ
ﺋـﻪم ـﻗﺴـﻪﯾـﻪ qـﺮد ﭘـﺎﺷـﺎ دﻩﺳ,ﺒـــﻪﺟـ‚ ــﺗ{ﮕـﻪ ـIﺸـﺖ و ـﻛ¤ـﻪﻛـﻪى ﺧـﯚى ﻟـ‚ ﻣـﺎرﻩ qـﺮد .ﺋـﻪو<ـﺎ ﺑـﻪ
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١
dâ-kishân to creepد ëÐـﺸ ـﺎن ; ba diz i unbeknownst toﺑ ـﻪ دزی ; > khafat sorrowـﻪﻓ ـﻪت
; kho râ-girtin labar …dâ to stand up againstﺧـﯚ رÐﮔـﺮoـﻦ 8ﺑـﻪر …دا ; kâfir infidelﰷﻓـﺮ ;up
/ـﻪﻗ ـﺎﻧ ـﻪ زﻩوﯾ ـﻪﮐ ـﻪدا ; shimshîr swordﴰ ـﺸ ـﲑ ; beshumâr untoldﺑ ـ .ـﺸ ـﻮﻣ ـﺎر ; goř strengthﮔ ـﯚڕ
talasm-khwendin baﺗـﻪ8ﰟ ﺧـﻮ ـeﻨـﺪن ﺑـﻪ ﺳـﻪردا ;chaqânà zawîaká’dâ to stick in the ground
ﻫـﻪ ـZﮑـﻪﻧـﺪران ﺑـﯚ ; 8 la khoy ziyâtir other than himselfﺧـﯚی زo€ـﺮ ;sar’dâ to cast a spell over
hał-kandrân bo to be pulled out by.
140
READINGS
ﺗﻔﺎق و ﺗﻪدارﻩﻛ{ﲃ ﭘﺎﺷﺎ€ﻧﻪوﻩ ﺑﻪ ر¬eﻰ ﺧﺴﱳ ﺑﯚ وmﰏ ™وﰽ qﻮڕﻩ.
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ﻣـﺎوﻩﯾـﻪﰽ زۆر رۆ ـIﺸـﱳ ` ﮔـﻪIـﺸ•£ـــﻪ ﺷـﺎرeـﻚ .ﺗـﻪﻣـﺎﺷـﺎ€ن qـﺮد :ﻫـﻪﻣـﻮو >ـﻪZـﲃ ﺷـﺎر
ﻛـﯚ ﺑـﻮوﻧـﻪﺗـﻪوﻩ و ™ز ﮔـﻪرداﻧـﻪ ﺑـﯚ ﻫـﻪZـ>اردﱏ ﭘـﺎﺷـﺎﯾـﻪﰽ ﻧـﻮێ ﭼـﻮ ـ³ﻜـﻪ ﭘـﺎﺷـﺎى ــﭘ.ﺸـﻮو€ن
ﻓـﻪرﻣـﺎﱏ ﺧـﻮاى ﺑـﻪ ﺟـ‚ ﻫـ{ﻨــﺎﺑـﻮو و ﻣـﺮدﺑـﻮو™ .زIـﺶ ﺑﻨRـــﺸـ,ﺘــﺎﯾـﻪﺗـﻪ ﺳـﻪر ﻫـﻪر ﻛـﻪﺳـــ{,ﻜـﻪوﻩ ﺋـﻪو
ﺳ,ﺘـﺎن و ﺗـﻪﻣـﺎﺷـﺎ€ن
ﻛـﻪﺳـﻪ دﻩﺑـﻮو ﺑـﻪ ﭘـﺎﺷـﺎ .ﺋـﻪﻣـﺎﻧRــﺶ ﭼـﻮون 8ﭘـﻪڕى >ـﻪ ـZﻜـﻪﻛـﻪوﻩ وﻩ ــ
ﺸ,ﺘـﻪ ﺳـﻪر
دﻩ ـ qﺮد™ .ز ﻫـﻪZـﺪرا و ﻛـﻪوﺗـﻪ ﺳـﻮوڕا ـﻧ ﻪوﻩ ﺑـﻪ ﺳـﻪر >ـﻪ ـZﻜـﻪﻛـﻪدا و c 8ﰷو ـﻧRـ ــ
qـﻮڕﻩوﻩ .ﰷ• زاﻧ)Rـــﺎن ﺋـﻪم ﰷ\ـﺮاﯾـﻪ «ـﻪرﯾﺒــﻪ و >ـﻪZـﲃ ﺷـﺎر ﻧﻴــﻪ ،وﺗﻴــﺎن »™ز ﺑـﻪ ﻫـﻪZـﻪدا ﭼـﻮوﻩ
و ™ <ـﺎرzـﲃ د ـtﻜـﻪ ﻫـﻪZـﻰ دﻩ ـﯾﻨـﻪوﻩ «.ﺑـﻪم ﺟـﯚرﻩ ﺳـ‚ <ـﺎر ™ز€ن ﻫـﻪZـﺪا ،و ﻫـﻪر ﺳـ‚
ﺸ,ﺘـﻪ ﺳـﻪر qـﻮڕﻩوﻩ .ﺋـﻪو<ـﺎ ` Pﭘـﺎﺷـﺎﱙ€ن 8ﺳـﻪر cو 8ﺳـﻪر ﺗـﻪﺧـﺖ
<ـﺎرﻩﻛـﻪى ﻧRــ ــ
دا€ﻧﻨــﺎq .ـﻮڕﻩى ﺧـﻮ ـﺷﻜـﻪزاﳽ qـﺮد ﺑـﻪ وﻩزtـﺮى ﺧـﯚى .ﺋـﻪو<ـﺎ ﻫـﻪ ـZﺴـﺎ cﻣـﻪﯾـﻪﰽ ﻧـﻮوﳻ ﺑـﯚ
™وﰽ ﻛـﻪ ` 8و دوورﱙ qـﻮڕﻩﻛـﻪى ﻫـﻪر دوو /ـﺎوى qـﻮzـﺮ ﺑـﻮوﺑـﻮوc .ﻣـﻪ ﻛـﻪ ﮔـﻪIـﺸـ,ﺘــﻪ ™وك
8ﺧـﯚﺷـ,ﻴــﺎﻧـﺪا ﺑـﻪر/ـﺎوى روون ﺑـﻮوﻩوﻩ و /ـﺎوﻩﰷﱏ /ـﺎك ﺑـﻮوﻧـﻪوﻩ و ™وك و qـﻮڕ ﭼـﻮون ﺑـﯚ
ﻻى ﯾﻪﻛﱰ و ﺑﻪ ﯾﻪك ﺷﺎد و ﺷﻮqﺮ ﺑﻮوﻧﻪوﻩ.
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; yekjârî finalﯾ ـﻪ ëـ 9ـﺎری ; khwâḥâfîzî-kirdin la to say good-bye toﺧ ـﻮا Éـﺎﻓ ـﲒی ‘ ـﺮدن 8
< jârchîـﺎرﭼ ـﯽ ; shâî loghân rejoicingﺷ ـﺎﱙ ﻟ ـﯚ« ـﺎن ; kołân streetﮐ ـﯚmن ; ‘ kûcha laneـﻮو /ـﻪ
lâf-dân toﻻف دان ; nwândin to carry outﻧــــﻮاﻧــــﺪن ;< jâr-dân to proclaimــــﺎر دان ;herald
ـــﺎن ;claim
ﮐـﻪس ﻧـﻪﻣـﺎوﻩ ; râ-gayândin ba to report toرÐﮔـﻪ€ﻧـﺪن ﺑـﻪ ; dar-henân to pull outدﻩرﻫ{ﻨ
;) kas namâwa nayetà era no one is left to come here (see note 3 on p. 124ﻧ ـﻪﯾ ـﻪﺗ ـﻪ ﺋ ـ .ـﺮﻩ
< janâbـﻪcﰉ ﭘـﺎﺷـﺎ ; dîwân courtدﯾـﻮان ;c nârdin ba shwen…dâ to send forردن ﺑـﻪ ﺷـﻮzـﻦ …دا
ârazû-kirdin toﺋـﺎرﻩزوو ‘ـﺮدن ; rez-nân la to show respectرzـﺰ cن i pâshâ your majesty; 8
chipândin toﭼـþـﺎﻧـﺪن ;< jawâhîrât jewelsـﻪواﻫـﲑات ; zer goldزzـﺮ ; pâra moneyﭘـﺎرﻩ ;wish
;™ bâkhcha gardenﺧـ¤ـﻪ ; guł flowerﮔـﻮڵ ; mâł i dinyâ worldly wealthﻣـﺎZـﯽ دﻧـﻴـﺎ ;whisper
; tadârak provisionsﺗ ـﻪدارﻩک ; tifâq suppliesﺗ ـﻔ ـﺎق ; te-gayshtin to understandﺑ ـ{ ـﮕ ـﻪ Iـﺸ ـﱳ
pâdishâyâna regal.ﭘﺎدﺷﺎ€ﻧﻪ
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;™ bâz-gardân to send a falcon aloftز ﮔ ـﻪردان ; ko-bûnawa to be gatheredﮐ ـﯚ ﺑ ـﻮوﻧ ـﻪوﻩ
ﻫ{ﻨـﺎن ; peshû formerـ ـﭘ.ﺸـﻮو ; hał-bizhârdin to chooseﻫـﻪZـ>اردن
farmân iﻓـﻪرﻣـﺎﱏ ﺧـﻮا ﺑـﻪﺟـ‚ ـ ـ
; pař edgeﭘـــــــــــــــﻪڕ ;™ bâz falconز ;khwâ ba je hênân to obey God’s command, to die
c 8 laﰷو ; sûřânawa to circle aroundﺳـﻮوڕاﻧـﻪوﻩ ;) hał-dirân to be sent up (falconﻫـﻪZـﺪران
P` tâjﭘـﺎﺷـﺎ ba hała’dâ by mistake; 7ﺑـﻪ ﻫـﻪZـﻪدا ;« gharîb strangerـﻪرﯾـﺐ ;nâkâw suddenly
وﻩزtـﺮ ; 8 la sar takht dâ-nân to put on the throneﺳـﻪر ﺗـﻪﺧـﺖ داcن ;i pâshâî royal crown
ﺑـﻪر/ـﺎو روون ﺑـﻮوـﻧ ﻪ وﻩ ;` tâw dûrî pain of separationو دووری ;c nâma letterﻣـﻪ ;wazîr vizier
141
SORANI KURDISH
) (٩ﺋﻪﲪﻪد ﭘﺎﺷﺎ
ﶊﺪ Éﻪﻣﻪ ﺻﺎZﺢ ﺗﯚﻓ)ﻖ
دﻩﮔ.ــﻧ½ـﻪوﻩ ﻛـﻪ 8زﻩﻣـﺎﱏ ﺧـﯚﯾـﺪا ﭘـﺎﺷـﺎﯾـﻪك دﻩ` .bﻗـﻪ qـﻮڕzـﲃ دﻩc .bوى ﺋـﻪﲪـﻪد دﻩ .bﻛـﻪ
ﺳgûـﲃ /ـwﰽ ﺑـﯚ ﭘـﻪﯾـﺪا
qـﻮڕﻩ ﮔـﻪورﻩ دﻩ bو دﻩﺳ,ــﱴ دار دﻩﮔـﺮێ ،داوا ™ 8وﰽ دﻩﰷ ﺋـﻪ ـ ـ
\ـﲀ™ .وﻛRــﴙ دﻩZـ‚q» :ـﻮڕم ،ﺋـﻪوﻩ رﻩوﮔـﻪ ﺋـﻪﺳـﭗ و ﻣـﺎﯾﻨــﻪ\ .ـ½ۆرﻩ cو€ن و ﯾـﻪﻛ{ــﻚ ﺑـﻪ دZـﻰ
ﺧـﯚت ﻫـﻪZـ>zـﺮﻩq «.ـﻮڕﻩ دﻩڕواﺗـﻪ cو رﻩوگ و دﻩﺳـﺖ دﻩ>ـﺎﺗـﻪ ﺳـﻪر êـﺸـ,ـﱴ ﻫـﻪر
ﺋـﻪﺳ)ûـــﺎن .ﻣـﺎﯾ*gـــﻚ >.ــﺮا ـêﺸـﺖ دادﻩﻧـﻪوeـq .xـﻮڕﻩ ﭼـﻮوﻩوﻩ ﺑـﯚ ﻻى ™وﰽ و ﻣـﻪﺳـﻪ8ﻛـﻪى
ــﺗ{ﮕـﻪ€ﻧـﺪ .ﺋـﻪوIـﺶ وﰏq» :ـﻮڕم ،ﻫﻴــﭻ دادى ﺗـﻮ cدا .ﻣـﺎﯾﻨــﻪ ﺑـﻪﺣـﺮى ﻧـﻪ bﻛـﻪ ﺋ.ــﺴـ,ﺘــﺎ ﺋـﺎووﺳـﻪ.
ور€ى ﺑـﻪ :ﻫـﻪر وﻩﺧ{±ـــﻚ زا ،دﻩڕواﺗـﻪ ﻗـﻪراخ دﻩر €و ﻧـﯚﻣـwﻛـﻪى • ﻓـ½ێ دﻩدا8 .ﺑـﻪر ﺋـﻪوﻩ
ﺗـﯚ دﻩ bﺷـﺎﻟـ ـﻴﻨـﻪﯾـﻪك ـﺑﺒـﻪى .ﻛـﻪ زا ،ـ ـﺑﻴﮕـﺮى ﺑـﻪ ﭘـﺎﺷـﻪ ـZﻴـﻪوﻩ و ﻧـﻪﯾـﻪZـﻰ ﻧـﯚﻣـwﻛـﻪ ـ\ﻜـﻪو ـeﺘـﻪ
دﻩر€وﻩ «.ﺑـﻪم ﺟـﯚرﻩ qـﻮڕﻩ ﻧـﯚﻣـﺎى ﻣـﺎﯾﻨــﻪ ﺑـﻪﺣـﺮﱙ ﻫـ{ﻨــﺎﯾـﻪ ﻣـﺎZـﻪوﻩ و ﺑـﻪﺧgــﻮى qـﺮد ` واى
ﻟ{ﻬﺎت ﻛﻪوﺗﻪ ﺋﺎﻟﻴﻚ ﺧﻮاردن.
zﻜ)ـﺎن ژﱏ ﭘـﺎﺷـﺎ ،ﻛـﻪ ™وﻩژﱏ qـﻮڕﻩ ﺑـﻮو و دﻩ ـﻣgـﻚ ﺑـﻮو ﺷـﻪﯾـﺪاى ﺑـﻮوﺑـﻮو و
<ـﺎر ـ ـ
³ﮕﻬــ.ﺸ£ــﲎ ﺑـﯚ qـﺮدﻧـﻪوﻩ.
دﻩﯾـﻮ ـIﺴـﺖ دﻩﺳ,ــﱴ 8ﮔـﻪڵ ــﺗ{ﻜـﻪڵ \ـﲀc ،ردﯾـﻪ ﺷـﻮeـﲎ ﺑـﻪ cوى ™ ـ ـ
8م ﰷﺗـﻪدا ﻧـﯚﻣـﺎ ﺑـﻪﺣـﺮى ﺣ)ﻠـــﲀﻧـﺪى و وﰏ» :ﻧـﻪ>ـﻪZـﻪﺗ{ــ¬ﻰ ﺑـﻪ ـﻗﺴـﻪى ﺋـﻪو ﻧژـﻪ ـ\ﻜـﻪى .ﻫـﻪر
ﻛـﻪ ﺣ)ﻠـــﲀﻧـﺪم ﭘـ¬‚ﯾـﻪqـﺖ 8ﻛـﻪوﺷـﺎ ﺑ.ــﺖ و ﺋـﻪو ــﭘ{ﻜـﻪت ﻧـﻪqـﺮد bﺑـﻪ ﺟgــ¬ﻰ ﺑ{Ÿـــﻪ و وﻩرﻩوﻩ و
ﺳ,ﺘـﻪوﻩ «.ﰷ• qـﻮڕﻩ ﭼـﻮوﻩ ﻻى ﻧژـﻪ و ـﻧﻴـﺎزى ﺧـﯚى ﻻ ﺋـﺎ ـﺷﻜـﺮا qـﺮد،
ﺧـﯚت ﻧـﻪدﻩى ﺑـﻪ دﻩ ــ
qـﻮڕﻩ ﯾـﻪ ـqﺴـﻪر ﻫـﻪ ـZﺴـﺎ و ﻧژـﻪ 8دواوﻩ ﮔـﺮﰏ ،ﺑـﻪmم bﺳـﻮود ﺑـﻮو .ﺋـﻪو<ـﺎ ﻧژـﻪ ﭼـﻮوﻩ ﻻى
ﻣ.ــﺮدﻩﻛـﻪى و ﭘ{ــ¬ﻰ وت ﺋـﻪﲪـﻪد ﰷرzـﲃ واى qـﺮدووﻩ .ﭘـﺎﺷـﺎ cردﯾـﻪ ﺷـﻮzـﻦ وﻩزtـﺮ و Éـﺎڵ و
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shâd uﺷـﺎد و ﺷـﻮ‘ـﺮ ﺑـﻮوﻧـﻪوﻩ ; yektir each otherﯾـﻪﮐـﱰ ;barchâw rûn-bûnawa to be delighted
shukr-bûnawa to rejoice at seeing someone from whom one has been separated.
8 ١ﶊﺪ Éﻪﻣﻪ ﺻﺎZﺢ ﺗﯚﻓ)ﻖ/» ،ﲑۆﰽ ﺑﻪر ﺋwﮔﺮداﱏ qﻮردﻩوارى«ﯾﻪوﻩ وﻩرﮔﲑاوﻩ.
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; pisht backـêﺸـﺖ ; hał-bizhârdin to selectﻫـﻪZـ>اردن ; rawg herdرﻩوگ ; asp horseﺋـﻪﺳـﭗ
masala te-gayândin toﻣـﻪﺳـﻪ 8ــﺗ{ﮕـﻪ€ﻧـﺪن ; dâ-nawândin to lowerداﻧـﻪواﻧـﺪن ; mâyin mareﻣـﺎtـﻦ
baḥrî merhorse, a fabulous horse common in Iranian folkﺑـﻪﺣـﺮی ;explain a situation zân to giveزان ; wiryâ-bûn to watch carefullyور €ﺑــــــﻮون ; âwus pregnantﺋــــــﺎووس ;lore
ـــﻪ ; fiře-dân to dropﻓـ½ێ دان ; nomâ coltﻧـﯚﻣـﺎ ; daryâ seaدﻩر qarâkh edge; €ﻗـﻪراخ ;birth
ﺷـﺎﻟﻴﻨ
âlîk fodder.ﺋﺎﻟﻴﮏ ; pâshał hind legﭘﺎﺷﻪڵ ;shâlîna shawl
142
READINGS
ﻣـﻪﺳـﻪ8ى ﺑـﯚ ﮔ.ــ½اﯾـﻪوﻩ .وﻩزtـﺮ وﰏ» :ﭘـﺎﺷـﺎم ،ﺋـﻪﮔـﻪر ﻧژـﻪﻛـﻪت 8دواوﻩ <ـ•ﰷﱏ دڕا،b
ﺋـﻪوﻩ ﺋRــﴙ ﺧـﯚﯾـﻪﰏ .ﺋـﻪﮔـﻪر 8ــﭘ.ﺸـﻪوﻩ دڕا ،bﺋRــﴙ qـﻮڕﻩﻛـﻪﺗـﻪ «.ﭘـﺎﺷـﺎن دﻩرﻛـﻪوت ﻛـﻪ
ﭘﻴﻼﱏ ژﻧﻪﻛﻪﯾﻪ.
³ﮕﻬــ.ﺸ£ــﲎ qـﻮڕﻩى qـﺮد و د ـIﺴـﺎﻧـﻪوﻩ ﻧـﯚﻣـﺎ ﺑـﻪﺣـﺮى
ﺑـﯚ رۆژى دووﻫـﻪم ﻧژـﻪ دوو™رﻩ ™ ـ ـ
ﺣـ)ـﻠـﲀﻧـﺪى و ﭘـ{ـ¬ﻰ وت» :ﺋـﻪﲪـﻪد ،ﻧـﻪﻛـﻪى 8ﺳـﻪر ﺟـgـﮕـﻪﻛـﻪى داﻧـRـﴙ .ﻧژـﻪﻛـﻪ
ﺟgﮕـﻪﻛـﻪ و ﻛـﻪ دا ــﻧRﺸ,ــﱴ ﭘ±.ـــﻪوﻩ دﻩدا و
دﻩروkـﺸ{,ـــﲃ راﺳ,ﭙـــﺎردووﻩ ﺋـﻪژﳞـﺎﯾـﻪك ﲞـﺎﺗـﻪ ژzـﺮ ــ
ﻫﻴﭽـﻰ ﻟـ‚ ـﻧ ﻪqـﺮاوﻩ :ـ ـﺑﻴﺨـﯚq «.ـﻮڕﻩ رۆ ـIﺸـﺖ ،ﺑـﻪmم
دﻩ ـoﻜـﻮژێ ،ﺑـﻪmم cﻧـﻪﻛـﻪ ﭘـwﻛـﻪ و ـ ـ
ﻫﻪرﭼ)ﭽﲀﻧﻪوﻩ cﻧﻪﻛﻪى ﺧﻮارد و ﮔﻪڕاﯾﻪوﻩ.
ﺳ{,ﻬـﻪم ﻧژـﻪ ژﻩﻫـﺮى qـﺮدﻩ ﺧـﻮاردﻧـﻪﻛـﻪوﻩ و د ـIﺴـﺎن cردﯾـﻪ ﺷـﻮzـﻦ qـﻮڕﻩدا.
ﺑـﯚ رۆژى ـــ
ﻧـﯚﻣـﺎ ﺑـﻪﺣـﺮى ﺋـﻪﳎـﺎرﻩش ﺣ)ﻠـــﲀﻧـﺪى و وﰏ» :ﻧـﻪﻛـﻪى cﻧـﻪﻛـﻪ ﲞـﯚى .ژﻩﻫـﺮى • qـﺮدووﻩ و
ﺳ,ﺒـﻪﺟـ‚ دﻩ ـoﻜـﻮژێ .ﺗـﻮو8ﯾـﻪك 8ﮔـﻪڵ ﺧـﯚت ـﺑﺒـﻪq «.ـﻮڕﻩ ﺗـﻮو 8ﺳـﻪﮔـﻪﻛـﻪى 8ﮔـﻪڵ
دﻩ ــ
ﺧﯚى \ﺮد و ﻛﻪﻣgﻚ 8و ﺧﻮاردﻧﻪى داﯾﻪ و ﯾﻪqﺴﻪر ﺗﻮو 8ﻫﻪZﻮﻩرى و رﻩق ﻫﻪmت.
ﺟgﮕـﻪى qـﻮڕﻩﻛـﻪدا 8ژzـﺮ راﯾـﻪ>ـﻪوﻩ ﻓـﻪرﻣـﺎﱏ دا /ـﺎ ــﻟ{ﻜ)ــﺎن
ﺑـﯚ رۆژى ﺋـﺎﯾﻨــﺪﻩ ﻧژـﻪ 8ــ
ﻫـﻪ ـZﻜـﻪﻧـﺪ /ـﻞ ﮔـﻪز ﻗـﻮوڵ ﺑ.ــﺖ و 8ﺑـﲎ /ـﺎ8ﻛـﻪدا ﺷRــﴙ ژﻩﻫـﺮاوﱙ /ـﻪﻗـﺎﻧـﺪ و ﺋـﻪﳎـﺎر
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shaydâ-bûn to beﺷــﻪﯾــﺪا ﺑــﻮون ; damèk a whileدﻩﻣــgــﮏ ;™ bâwazhin stepmotherوﻩژن
³ﮕﻬ.ﺸـﱳ ‘ـﺮدن ﺑـﯚ ;enfatuated with
ḥîlkândin toﺣ)ﻠـــﲀﻧـﺪن ; ™ bângheshtin-kirdin bo to inviteـ ـ ــ
ﭘ{ﮑـﻪت ﻧـﻪ‘ـﺮد bﺑـﻪ ;> khałatân to be deceivedـﻪZـﻪ`ن ;laugh in peals
ـﭘ{ـﻪ‘ـﺖ 8ﮐـﻪوﺷـﺎ ﺑ.ــﺖ و ﺋـﻪو ـ ـ
peyèkit la kawsh’â bet u aw pekát nakirdibe ba je’y beła ‘let one of your feetﺟgــ¬ﯽ ﺑ{Ÿـــﻪ
be in your shoe, and keep the other foot, which you haven’t put in your shoe, in its
kho dân ba dastawa to let oneﺧ ـﯚ دان ﺑ ـﻪ دﻩﺳ ـ ,ـﺘ ـﻪوﻩ ;place,’ i.e. be firm in your resolveﺑـ.ـﺴـﻮود ; 8 la dwâwa girtin to grab from behindدواوﻩ ﮔـﺮoـﻦ ;self fall into s.o.’s clutches
dar-kawtin to realize; thisدﻩرﮐـﻪوoـﻦ ; îsh deedﺋRــﺶ ; diřrân to be rippedدڕان ;besûd futile
part of the story is taken from the Koranic legend of Joseph and Zulaykha,
Potiphar’s wife, but the narrator has confused the details: in the Koranic version it is
Joseph’s garment that is examined, and if it is torn from behind, Zulaykha was the
aggressor; if torn in front, Joseph was the aggressor (see Koran 12:26f.).
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; darwesh dervishدﻩروkـﺶ ; dîsânawa once moreد ـIﺴـﺎﻧـﻪوﻩ ; dûbâra once againدوو™رﻩ
pâk unadulﭘـــﺎک ;c nân foodن ; azhîhâ serpentﺋـــﻪژﳞـــﺎ ; râ-spârdin to chargeراﺳـــ,ـــﭙـــﺎردن harchîchikânawa no matter what they did.ﻫﻪرﭼ)ﭽﲀﻧﻪوﻩ ;terated
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رﻩق ; hał-warîn to fall downﻫـﻪZـﻮﻩرtـﻦ ; tûla sag puppyـﺗ ﻮو 8ﺳـﻪگ ; zhahr poisonژﻩﻫـﺮ
raq-hałâtin to go stiff.ﻫﻪomﻦ
143
SORANI KURDISH
cردى ﺑـﻪ ﺷـﻮzـﻦ qـﻮڕﻩدا .ﻧـﯚﻣـﺎ ﺑـﻪﺣـﺮى ﺣ)ﻠـــﲀﻧـﺪى و ﻣـﻪﺳـﻪ8ﻛـﻪى ﻟـ‚ ﮔـﻪ€ﻧـﺪ و ﺋـﻪﳎـﺎرﻩش
qﻮڕﻩ دﻩر™ز ﺑﻮو.
zﻜﻜـﻪوت 8ﮔـﻪZـﻰ ﻛـﻪ ﺧـﯚى \ـﲀﺗـﻪ
ﭘـﺎﺷـﺎن ﻧژـﻪ ﭘـﺎرﻩﯾـﻪﰽ زۆرى دا ﺑـﻪ Éـﻪ)qـــﻤ{ــﻚ و ر ـ ـ
ﻧـﻪﺧـﯚش و ﭘـﺎﺷـﺎن Éـﻪqـﲓ ﺑŸــ‚ ﺋـﻪﮔـﻪر ﮔـﯚﺷ,ــﱴ ﻧـﯚﻣـﺎى ﺑـﻪﺣـﺮى ﻧـﻪﺧـﻮا/ ،ـﺎك cﺑ±.ـــﻪوﻩ .ﺑـﻪم
ﺟـﯚرﻩ ﻧژـﻪ ﺧـﯚى ﻧـﻪﺧـﯚش ـﺧﺴـﺖ و ﭘـﺎﺷـﺎ cردى ﺑـﻪ ﺷـﻮzـﻦ Éـﻪ)qـــﻤـﺪا و 8ﭘـﺎش ﺗـﻪﻣـﺎﺷـﺎ
ـــﻪوﻩ.
qـﺮدن ﺋـﺎﻣـﯚژﮔـﺎرﱙ ﺋـﻪوﻩى qـﺮد ﻛـﻪ دﻩ bﮔـﯚﺷ,ــﱴ ﻧـﯚﻣـﺎى ﺑـﻪﺣـﺮى ﲞـﻮا ،دﻩ/ cـﺎك cﺑ±.
ﺋـﻪو<ـﺎ ﭘـﺎﺷـﺎ cردﯾـﻪ ﺷـﻮzـﻦ ﺋـﻪﲪـﻪد و وﰏ» :رۆZـﻪ ،ﺗـﯚ ™وﻩﻧژـﺖ ﺧـﯚش دﻩوێ €ن ﻧـﯚﻣـﺎ
ﺑ ـﻪﺣ ـﺮى؟« qـﻮڕﻩش 8وﻩmﻣ ـﺪا وﰏ™» :ﺑ ـﻪ ،ﻣ ـﻦ ™وﻩژﱎ ﺑ ـﻪ ﻫ ـﻪزار ﻧ ـﯚﻣ ـﺎ ﺑ ـﻪﺣ ـﺮى
ﭘ.ﺸـﺪا `وeـﻚ ﺳـﻮارى ﺑـﱬ و دﻩورا ـﻧ{ـﲃ ﭘـ¬‚
cﮔـﯚڕﻣـﻪوﻩ ™ .ﺳـﻪرى ﺑـt²ـﻦ ،ﺑـﻪmم ™ 8ـ ـ
ـ\ﻜـﻪم «.ﻫـﻪرﻛـﻪ ﺋـﻪﲪـﻪد ﺳـﻮارى ـﺑﺒـﻮو ،ﻧـﯚﻣـﺎ ﺑـﻪﺣـﺮى ™Zـﻰ ﻟـ‚ ﭘـﻪﯾـﺪا ﺑـﻮو و ﻫـﻪ ـ ـZﻴﮕـﺮت و
ﺸ,ﺘـﻪ ﻗـﻪراخ دﻩر€ﯾـﻪك و ﺋـﻪوﻩﻧـﺪﻩى ـ ـﺑ{Ÿـ¬ﯽ ﯾـﻪك و دوو ﭘـﻪڕـﯾﻨـﻪوﻩ و
رۆ ـIﺸـﺖ ` ﮔـﻪIـ ــ
رۆIـﺸـﱳ 8 .رzـﮕـﺎ qـﻮڕﻩ ﭘـﻪڕzـﲃ ﺟـﻮاﱏ ﺑـﻪر/ـﺎو ﻛـﻪوت .ﻧـﻪ ﲞـﯚى ،ﻧـﻪ \ـﻜـﻪى ،ﻫـﻪر
ﺗـﻪﻣـﺎﺷـﺎى ﺋـﻪو ﭘـﻪڕﻩ ـ\ﻜـﻪى ،ﺋـﻪوﻩﻧـﺪﻩ ﺟـﻮان و ورﺷـﻪدار ﺑـﻮو .ﻧـﯚﻣـﺎ ﺑـﻪﺣـﺮى وﰏ» :ﺋـﻪﲪـﻪد،
ﮔ{¤ـﻪ ــ{Zﻜـﲈن دﻩﰷ «.ﺳـﻮودى ﻧـﻪﺑـﻮو .ﺋـﻪﲪـﻪد دZـﻰ ﻟـ‚ ﭼـﻮو و
داﻣـﻪﺑـﻪزﻩ! ﺋـﻪم ﭘـﻪڕﻩ ﺗـﻮوﳽ ــ
ﻫـﻪ ــZﻴﮕـﺮت .ﺋـﻪو<ـﺎ 8ﭘـﺎش رۆIـﺸ,ـﺘ*gـــﲃ زۆر ﮔـﻪIـﺸ•£ـــﻪ ﺷـﺎرeـﻚ و 8ﭘـﻪڕى ﺷـﺎرﻩوﻩ ﻻ€ن
دا >ﺎﻧ{ﻚ.
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gazﮔـﻪز ;/ chil fortyـﻞ ; hał-kandin to digﻫـﻪZـﮑـﻪﻧـﺪن ;/ châł pitـﺎڵ ; râyakh rugراﯾـﻪخ
/ chaqândin to stick upـﻪﻗ ـﺎﻧ ـﺪن ; zhahrâwî poisonedژﻩﻫ ـﺮاوی ; shîsh stakeﺷ ـ Rـﺶ ;yard darbâz-bûn to be saved.دﻩر™ز ﺑﻮون ;right
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rek-kawtin lagał toرzــﮏ ﮐــﻪوoــﻦ 8ﮔــﻪڵ ;É ḥakîm physicianــﻪ‘ــﲓ ; pâshân laterﭘــﺎﺷــﺎن
goshtﮔـﯚﺷـﺖ ; kho kirdinà nakhosh to pretend to be sickﺧـﯚ ـ‘ ﺮد ـﻧ ﻪ ـﻧ ﻪﺧـﯚش ;conspire with
khosh-wîstinﺧـﯚش و ـIﺴـﱳ ; roła sonرۆZـﻪ ; âmozhgârî-kirdin to adviseﺋـﺎﻣـﯚژﮔـﺎری ‘ـﺮدن ;meat
` tâw turn,و ; gořînawa ba to exchange forﮔــﯚڕﯾــﻨــﻪوﻩ ﺑــﻪ ; hazâr thousandﻫــﻪزار ;to love
harka as soonﻫـﻪرﮐـﻪ ;) dawrân-kirdin ba to take a turn on (a horseدﻩوران ‘ـﺮدن ﺑـﻪ ;circuit
دﻩر qarâkh edge; €ﻗــﻪراخ ;™ bâł paydâ-bûn la for a wing to sprout onڵ ﭘــﻪﯾــﺪا ﺑــﻮون as; 8
ـــ¬ﯽ ﯾـﻪک و دوو ;daryâ sea
awandaî biłey yek u dû before you could say “jackﺋـﻪوﻩﻧـﺪﻩی ﺑ{Ÿ… barchâw iﺑـﻪر/ـﺎوی … ﮐـﻪوoـﻦ ; pař featherﭘـﻪڕ ; pařînawa to take offﭘـﻪڕﯾـﻨـﻪوﻩ ;”rabbit
; na bikhoy, na bikay &c. see note 1 on p. 122ـﻧ ﻪ ﲞـﯚی ـﻧ ﻪ ـ\ﮑـﻪی ;kawtin to be spotted by
ﮔ{¤ـﻪڵ ; dâ-bazîn to get offدا ﺑـﻪزtـﻦ ; wirshadâr colorfulورﺷـﻪدار
دڵ ﭼـﻮن gechał dispute; 8ــ
> khân inn.ﺎن ;dił chûn la to be infatuated by
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READINGS
ﻣـﺎوﻩﯾـﻪﰽ ﭘـ¬‚ ﭼـﻮو .ـﻣﻘـﯚ ـﻣﻘـﯚ ﻛـﻪوﺗـﻪ cو ﺷـﺎرﻩوﻩ ﻛـﻪ qـﻮڕzـﲃ وا ﺷـﯚخ و ﺷـﻪ³ـﮓ
ﻫـﺎﺗـﻮوﻩ و ﭘـﻪڕzـﲃ ﺟـﻮان و ﻧـﻪ ـﺧﺸـﲔ وا ﺑـﻪ ﺳـﻪرﯾـﻪوﻩ و ﻫـﻪر q 8ـﻮڕﻩ ﭘـﺎﺷـﺎ€ن دﻩﭼـ‚ .ـﻗﺴـﻪ
و ™س ﮔـﻪIـﺸ,ﺘـــﻪ ﭘـﺎﺷـﺎى ﺋـﻪو ﺷـﺎرﻩ و ﻓـﻪرﻣـﺎﱏ دا qـﻮڕﻩ€ن \ـﺮدﻩ ﺧـﺰﻣـﻪﰏ ،و ﭼـﻮـ³ﻜـﻪ زۆر
ﻫـﻪ ـZﻜـﻪوﺗـﻮو و ﻧـﻪ ـﺟ)ـﺐزادﻩ ﺑـﻮو ،ﭘـﺎﺷـﺎ qـﺮدى ﺑـﻪ وﻩزtـﺮى ﺧـﯚى .وﻩزtـﺮﻩﰷﱏ oـﺮى ﭘـﺎﺷـﺎ
ﻫـﻪﻣـﻮو ﺑـﻮون ﺑـﻪ دﻩرﻩﰽ و ﺋـﻪو ﺑـﻪ ﻣـﺎZـﻪﰽ و 8ﺑـﻪر ﺋـﻪوﻩ ﻛـﻪوـﺗﻨـﻪ رﻗـﻪﺑـﻪراﯾـﻪﰏ 8ﮔـﻪ ـZﻴـﺪا و
ﺋـ.ـﺮﻩﱙ€ن ﭘـ¬‚ دﻩ\ـﺮد .رۆژzـﻜـ)ـﺎن 8دﯾـﻮاﱏ ﭘـﺎﺷـﺎدا ™س ﻫـﺎﺗـﻪ ﺳـﻪر ™ﳻ ﭘـﻪڕﻩﻛـﻪ و
³ﮕ)ﻨـﻪ> ،ـﺎوﻩﱏ ﭼـﯚن ﺑ.ــﺖ؟ <ـﻪcﰉ
وﻩزtـﺮﻩﰷن وـﺗﻴـﺎن» :ﺋـﺎﺧـﯚ ،ﺋـﻪم ﭘـﻪڕﻩ ﺧـﯚى وا رﻩ ـ ــ
ﭘﺎﺷﺎ ،ﺋﻪم qﻮڕﻩ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺘﻮا œﺋﻪم ﭘﻪڕﻩ ﭘﻪﯾﺪا \ﲀ دﻩﺷ,ﺘﻮا> œﺎوﻩﱏ وﻩدﻩﺳﺖ ﺑ«.x.
ﺑـﻪم ﺟـﯚرﻩ ﭘـﺎﺷـﺎ€ن ﺧـﺴـ,ﺘــﻪ ﺳـﻪر ﻛـﻪ ـZﻜـﻪZـﻪى ﭘـﻪﯾـﺪا qـﺮدﱏ >ـﺎوﻩﱏ ﭘـﻪڕ ﺑـﻪو ﻫﻴــﻮاﯾـﻪى
ﺋـﻪﲪـﻪد c 8و öـ‚ و ﺷـﻮeـ*ـ)ـﺎن ﭘـ¬‚ 8ق ﻧـﻪﰷ .ﭘـﺎﺷـﺎ ﺋـRـﺴ ,ــﺘـﻪرﻩﱉ q 8ـﻮڕﻩﻛـﻪ qـﺮد ﻛـﻪ
ﺑـﯚى ﭘـﻪﯾـﺪا \ـﲀ .ﻫـﻪر/ـﻪﻧـﺪﻩ qـﻮڕﻩ وﰏ »ﻣـﻦ 8ر ـzﮕـﺎ دۆزﯾـﻮﻣـﻪﺗـﻪوﻩ« ،ﻛـﻪžـﲃ ﻧـﻪﺑـﻮو .ﺑـﯚﯾـﻪ
ﻣgﻨـﺖ ،ر ـzﮕـﺎﯾـﻪﰼ ﺑـﯚ داﺑـ «.xﻧـﯚﻣـﺎ وﰏ:
ﭼـﻮو ﺑـﯚ ﻻى ﻧـﯚﻣـﺎ ﺑـﻪﺣـﺮى و وﰏ» :دﻩﺳ,ــﱲ دا ــ
»ﻧـﻪﻣـ ِﻮت ﻫـﻪZـﻰ ﻣـﻪﮔـﺮﻩ ﺳـﻪر ـkﺸـﻪﻣـﺎن ﺗـﻮوش دﻩﰷ؟ ﻛـﻪ وا ﺑـﻮو \ـ½ۆ ﺑـﯚ ﻻى ﭘـﺎﺷـﺎ و ﺑŸــ‚
ﺣـﻮﺷـﱰzـﲂ دﻩوێ ﺑـﻪ ™رى ﮔـﻪﳕـﻪوﻩ «.ﺑـﻪم ﺟـﯚرﻩ ﺋـﻪﲪـﻪد ﺑـﻪ ﺳـﻮارﱙ ﻧـﯚﻣـﺎ ﺑـﻪﺣـﺮى ﺣـﻮﺷـﱰ
و ™رى دا 8ﺑـﻪر و رۆ ـIﺸـﺖ .ﻣـﺎوﻩﯾـﻪﰽ زۆر ﺑـﻪ ر ـzﮕـﺎوﻩ ﺑـﻮو ` ﮔـﻪIـﺸـ,ﺘــﻪ ﺷـﻮg*eـــﻚ و 8وێ
ﻧـﯚﻣـﺎ ﺑـﻪﺣـﺮى وﰏ» :ﺋـﻪﲪـﻪد ،ﻣـﻦ ﻟ.ــﺮﻩدا دﻩوﻩﺳ,ـﱲ و cﯾـﻪم .ﺗـﯚ öـﯚ ﺳـﻪر ﺋـﻪو ﮔـﺮدۆ ـZﻜـﻪﯾـﻪ
ﺣـﻮﺷـﱰﻩﻛـﻪ ﺳـﻪر \ـ½ﻩ و ﮔـﻪﳕـﻪﻛـﻪ \ـﺮژeﻨــﻪ ﺑـﻪ دﻩورﯾـﺪا و ﺧـﯚـIﺸـﺖ ﺳـﲃ ﺣـﻮﺷـﱰﻩﻛـﻪ ﻫـﻪZـﺪرﻩ
و öـﯚ cوﯾـﻪوﻩ .ﭘـﻪ8وﻩر و ﻣـﻪﱃ د ـﻧﻴـﺎ 8و ﮔـﻪﳕـﻪ دﻩورووژzـﻦ ،و ﻻى ـﻧﻴـﻮﻩڕۆوﻩ ﺷـﺎى
ﻣـﻪﻻن دێ دﻩﻧـﻮوﰽ دوان 8ﮔـﻪﳕـﻪﻛـﻪ دﻩدا .ﺗـﯚ 8و ﰷﺗـﻪدا cوى ﺧـﻮا و ـ ـﭘ{ﻐـﻪﻣـﻪر ـ ـﺑ•.ـﻪ و
دﻩﺳـﺖ ـﺑﺒـﻪ ،ﻗـﺎﭼـﻰ ـ\ﮕـﺮﻩ و ﺑـﻪرى ﻣـﻪدﻩ و ﺋـwﮔـﺎت / 8ـﺎوت bﻧـﻪ ـtﻜـﻪ ـﯾﺘـﻪوﻩ .دﻩ cﻣـﻪل
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nakhshînﻧـﻪ ـﺧﺸـﲔ ; shokh u shang enchantingﺷـﯚخ و ﺷـﻪ³ـﮓ ; miqomiqo uproarـﻣﻘـﯚ ـﻣﻘـﯚ
\ birdinà khizmat toــﺮدﻧــﻪ ﺧــﺰﻣــﻪت ; chûn la to look likeﭼــﻮن sar head; 8ﺳــﻪر ;colorful
ﺟ)ـﱫادﻩ ; hałkawtû nice-lookingﻫـﻪ ـZﮑـﻪوﺗـﻮو ;bring before
ﺑـﻮون ﺑـﻪ ; najîbzâda aristocraticـﻧ ﻪ ـ
;” bûn ba mâłakî to be “inﺑـــﻮون ﺑـــﻪ ﻣـــﺎZـــﻪﰽ ;” bûn ba darakî to be out “in the coldدﻩرﻩﰽ
; erâyî-birdin ba to be jealous ofﺋـ.ـﺮاﱙ \ـﺮدن ﺑـﻪ ; riqabarâyatî spiteful rivalryرﻗـﻪﺑـﻪراﯾـﻪﰏ
;? chon howﭼـﯚن ;> khâwan ownerـﺎوﻩن ; rangîn colorful, beautifulرﻩ ـ³ﮕـﲔ ; âkho ahﺋـﺎﺧـﯚ
wa dast henân to get hold of.وﻩدﻩﺳﺖ ﻫ{ﻨﺎن ; dashtwâne he could alsoدﻩﺷ,ﺘﻮاœ
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SORANI KURDISH
/ﺎوت دﻩردeﲍ«.
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ﺑـﻪم ﻧـﻪ ـﺧﺸـﻪﯾـﻪ ﺋـﻪﲪـﻪد ﺷـﺎى ﻣـﻪﻻﱏ ﻫـ{ﻨــﺎ و ﺧـﺴ)£ـــﻪ ﻗـﻪﻓـﻪزﻩوﻩ و \ـﺮدﯾـﻪ ﺑـﻪردﻩﱉ ﭘـﺎﺷـﺎ
و ﻣـﻪل رۆژێ دوو ﺳـ‚ <ـﺎر ﺑـﻪ ﺧـﯚﺷـﱰtـﻦ ﺋـﺎواز دﻩﺧـﻮ ـeﻨـﺪ .ﺋـﻪﲪـﻪد ﺋـﻪوﻩﻧـﺪﻩى oـﺮ ﻻى
ﭘـﺎﺷـﺎ ﺧـﯚﺷـﻪو ـIﺴـﺖ ﺑـﻮو .وﻩزtـﺮﻩﰷﻧRــﺶ >ـﻪرﯾـﻚ ﺑـﻮون 8داخ و >ـﻪﻓـﻪﺗـﺪا دﻩﺗـﻪﻗـﲔ .ﺑـﯚﯾـﻪ
zﻜﺨﺴ£ــﲎ ﭘﻴــﻼﻧ{ــﲃ oـﺮ .ﻫـﻪﻣـﻮو رۆژێ 8دﯾـﻮاﱏ ﭘـﺎﺷـﺎدا ™ﺳ,ﻴـــﺎن ﻫـﻪر ™ﳻ
ﻛـﻪوﺗﻨــﻪ ر ـ ـ ـ
ﺟـﻮاﱏ و ﺷـﯚخ و ﺷـﻪ ـ³ﮕـﲕ ـﻛﭽـﻰ ﺷـﺎى ﭘـﻪر€ن ﺑـﻮو ` وا€ن 8ﭘـﺎﺷـﺎ qـﺮد ﮔـﺮﻓ±ــﺎرى ﺗـﲑى
ﺳﻜـﻪوﺗـﲎ ﺋـﻪم ـﻛﭽـﻰ ﺷـﺎى ﭘـﻪر€ﻧـﻪدا .b
ﺋـﻪﺷﻘــﻰ ﺑـ Ùو ﺷـﻪو و رۆژ 8ﻣـﻪراﰵ ﭼـﯚﻧ.ــ ِﱴ دﻩ ـ
ﺋـﻪﻣـﺎﻧRــﺶ ﻛـﻪ ﺑـﯚ ﻫـﻪﻟ{ــﲃ وا دﻩﮔـﻪڕان ،ﺑـﯚ ﺋـﻪوﻩى ﺋـﻪﲪـﻪدى ﭘـ¬‚ ﮔـﺮﻓ±ــﺎر ـ\ﻜـﻪن ،ﭼـﻮوﻧـﻪ \ـﻦ
ﻛ.Ÿﺸـﻪى ﭘـﺎﺷـﺎوﻩ و وﺗﻴــﺎن<» :ـﻪcﰉ ﭘـﺎﺷـﺎ ،ﺋـﻪم qـﻮڕﻩﻛـﻪ ﺑﺘــﻮا œﺷـﺎى ﻣـﻪﻻﻧـﺖ ﺑـﯚ ﺑ{ــ*gﺘـــﻪ
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ﺋ.ــﺮﻩ ،دﻩﺗـﻮا œـﻛﭽـﻰ ﺷـﺎى ﭘـﻪر €ــﻧRﺸـﺖ ﺑـﯚ ﺑـﻪدﻩﺳـﺖ ﺑ.ــ «.xﻣـﺎوﻩﯾـﻪﰽ زۆر ﺋـﻪم ﻗـﻪواﻧـﻪ€ن
ﺧـﻮeﻨــﺪﻩ ﮔـﻮeـ¬ﻰ ﭘـﺎﺷـﺎدا ` رازﯾﻴــﺎن qـﺮد و cردى ﺑـﻪ ﺷـﻮzـﻦ ﺋـﻪﲪـﻪددا و ﭘ{ــ¬ﻰ وت» :ﺋـﻪﲪـﻪد،
ﺋـﻪﳎـﺎرﻩ€ن دﻩö bـﻰ ﻛـﭽـﻰ ﺷـﺎى ﭘـﻪر€ﱎ ﺑـﯚ ﺑـ.ـﲎ و ﺋـﻪم ﰷرﻩ ﺑـﻪ ﺗـﯚ ﻧـﻪ bﺑـﻪ ﻛـﻪس
qcـﺮێ «.ﺋـﻪﲪـﻪد ﻫـﻪر/ـﻪﻧـﺪﻩ وﰏ »ﭘـﺎﺷـﺎ ،ﺋـﻪﻣـﻪ 8ﺗـﻮاcى ﻣ•ــﺪا ﻧﻴــﻪ و ﭘ{ــﻢ qcـﺮێ« ،ﺑـﻪmم
ﻫﻴــﭻ ﺳـﻮودzـﲃ ﻧـﻪﺑـﻮو و ﭘـﺎﺷـﺎ وﰏ» :ﺋـﻪﲪـﻪد ،ﺗـﯚ ﻛـﻪ ﺗـﻮاﻧRــﺖ ﺷـﺎى ﻣـﻪﻻﻧـﺖ ﺑـﯚ ﻣـﻦ ﭘـﻪﯾـﺪا
ﺷ{,ـﻮﻩﯾـﻪش دﻩﺗـﻮاﱏ ـﻛﭽـﻰ ﺷـﺎى ﭘـﻪر€ﱎ ﺑـﯚ ـﺑ.ـﲎ ،و ﺋـﻪﮔـﻪر ﺋـﻪم ﰷرﻩ
qـﺮد ،ﻫـﻪر ﺑـﻪم ــ
ﻧـﻪﻛـﻪى 8 ،ﻣﻠــﺖ دﻩدﻩم «.ﺋـﻪﲪـﻪدIـﺶ >ـﻪم دا ـtﮕـﺮت و ﭼـﻮو ﺑـﯚ ﻻى ﻧـﯚﻣـﺎ ﺑـﻪﺣـﺮى و Éـﺎڵ
و ﻣـﻪﺳـﻪ8ى ــﺗ{ﮕـﻪ€ﻧـﺪ .ﺋـﻪﻣRــﺶ وﰏ» :ﰷ• ﺧـﯚى ﺋـﺎﻣـﯚژﮔـﺎرﱘ ﻧـﻪqـﺮدى ﭘـﻪڕﻩﻛـﻪ ﻫـﻪڵ ﻣـﻪﮔـﺮﻩ
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; kałkała i craving forﮐـﻪ ـZﮑـﻪZـﻪی ; khistinà sar to put into someone’s headـﺧﺴ•£ـــﻪ ﺳـﻪر
ﺷـﻮzـﻦ 8ق ;c 8 la nâw chûn to disappearو ﭼـﻮن ; b’ aw hîwâyáî in hopes thatﺑـﻪو ـﻫﻴـﻮاﯾـﻪی
îstaram-kirdin ba to pleadﺋ ـ Rـﺴ ـ ,ـﺘ ـﻪرﻩم ‘ ـﺮدن ﺑ ـﻪ ; ‘ shwen laq-kirdin ba to displaceـﺮدن ﺑ ـﻪ
; regâ dâ-nân bo to show the wayدzـــﮕـــﺎ داcن ﺑـــﯚ ; dozînawa to discoverدۆزﯾـــﻨـــﻪوﻩ ;with
ḥushtirﺣـﻮﺷـﱰ ; tûsh-kirdin to involve s.o. in s.th.ﺗـﻮش ‘ـﺮدن ; saresha headacheﺳـﻪر ـkﺸـﻪ
8 labarﺑـﻪر دان ; ba swârî i mounted onﺑـﻪ ﺳـﻮارﱙ ; ganim wheatﮔـﻪﱎ ;™ bâr loadر ;camel
رژاﻧ ـﺪن ; sar-biřîn to cut the head offﺳ ـﻪر \ ـ½ tـﻦ ; girdołka haystackﮔ ـﺮدۆ Zـﮑ ـﻪ ;dân to lead
; hał-diřîn to slit openﻫـــﻪڵ دڕtـــﻦ ; ba dawr…dâ aroundﺑـــﻪدﻩور …دا ;rizhândin to strew
; nîwařo noonﻧــــﻴــــﻮﻩڕۆ ; wirûzhân to flockورووژان ; mal birdﻣــــﻪل ; palawar birdﭘــــﻪ8وﻩر
c nâw i … henân to invokeوی … ﻫــ{ــﻨــﺎن ; diwân sharpدوان ; danûk bird’s beakدﻩﻧــﻮوک
; qâch legﻗـﺎچ ; dast-birdin to grabدﻩﺳـﺖ \ـﺮدن ; payghamar prophetﭘـﻪ ـﯾﻐـﻪﻣـﻪر ;the name of
/ châw dar-henân to pluck the eye out.ﺎو دﻩرﻫﻴﻨﺎن ; bar-dân to let goﺑﻪر دان
146
READINGS
ﺴ,ﺘـﺎش /ـﺎر ـﻧﻴـﻪ و \ـ½ۆ ﺑŸــ‚ ﺗـﻪدارﻩﰽ ﺳـﻪﻓـﻪرم ﺑـﯚ ﺋـﺎﻣـﺎدﻩ
و ﺗـﻮوﳽ ﺑـﻪmﯾـﻪﻛـﲈن دﻩﰷ؟ ﺋ.ــ ــ
\ﻜﻪن و دﻩڕۆtﻦ«.
ﺑـﻪم ﺟـﯚرﻩ ﺋـﻪﲪـﻪد ﭘـﻪڕﯾﻴــﻪ ﻛـﯚZـﻰ ﻧـﯚﻣـﺎ ﺑـﻪﺣـﺮى و وﻩك ™ ﺑـﯚى دﻩرﭼـﻮو .زۆر €ن ﻛـﻪم
ﺸ,ﺘـﻪ ﺷـﻮ ـ ـg*eـﻚ ﻛـﻪ ﻗـ·Tـﻪﯾـﻪﰽ ﺑـﻪﺳـﻪر
رۆ ـIﺸـﺖ ﻛـﻪس cزا œﺧـﻮا ﺧـﯚى ﻧـﻪ ` bﮔـﻪIـ ــ
ﮔـﺮد ـzﻜـﻪوﻩ ﻟ.ــﺮﻩ د€ر ﺑـﻮو .ﻧـﯚﻣـﺎ ﺑـﻪﺣـﺮى وﰏ» :ﺋـﻪﲪـﻪد ،ﺑـﻪﺧ±ــﺖ ﻫـﻪ ـZﺴـﺎوﻩ .ﺋ.ــﺴـ,ﺘــﺎ ـﻛﭽـﻰ
ﺷـﺎى ﭘـﻪر€ن 8و ﻗـ·Tـﻪدا >ـﻪوى /ـﻞ ﺷـﻪو و /ـﻞ رۆژﻩ دﻩﰷ و 8ﺳـﻪر ﻻى راﺳـﺖ
>ـﻪوﺗـﻮوﻩ و ﺑـﻪﻧـﻪﺧـﻮﻧـﻪﻛـﻪى /ـﻞ ﮔـﺮeـ¬ﻰ ﻟـ‚ دراوﻩ .ﻫـﻪرﻛـﻪﺳـ‚ ﺋـﻪو /ـﻞ ﮔـﺮێﯾـﻪ \ـﲀﺗـﻪوﻩ ﺋـﻪوﻩ
È 8ـﻪرش و ﻗـﻮرش ﻣـﺎرﻩى 8و ﻫـﺎﺗـﻮوﻩ< .ـﺎ ﺧـﯚت و ﺑـﻪ ـﺧ±ـﺖ ،ـﭘ.ـﺖ \ـﺰا ،œﻫـﻪر ﺑـﻪ
ﺋﺎﻧRﺸﲃ دﻩﺗﭙRŸﺸg*{,ﺘ ﻪوﻩ «.ﺋﻪﲪﻪد وﰏ» :ﺑﻪ ﺋﲒﱏ ﺧﻮا دﻩڕۆم«
و 8وێ ﺑـﯚى رeـﻚ ﻛـﻪوت ،ﻫـﻪر /ـﻞ ﮔـﺮ ـzﻜـﻪى ﺷـﻞ qـﺮدﻩوﻩ و ـﻛ¤ـﻪ ﺑـﻪ ﺋـwﮔـﺎ ﻫـﺎﺗـﻪوﻩ
و ﺑـﻪﺳـﻪر ﺳـﻮڕﻣـﺎﻧـﻪوﻩ وﰏ» :ﭼـﯚن ﺋـﻪﻣـﻪت qـﺮد؟ ﻣـﻦ ™Zـﺪار ﻫـﺎﺗـﻮوﻩ ™Zـﻢ ﺷـﲀﻧـﺪووﻩ و
Zcـﺪار ﻫـﺎﺗـﻮوﻩ Zcـﻢ ﺷـﲀﻧـﺪووﻩ «.ﺋـﻪﲪـﻪد وﰏ» :ﺑـﻪ ﺧـﻮا ،ﺧـﯚﺷـﺖ bو oـﺮﺷـﺖ ،bﻣـﻦ
qـﺮدووﻣـﻪ« و /cـﺎر ـﻛﭽـﻰ ﺷـﺎى ﭘـﻪر€ن وﰏ» :ﻛـﻪ واﺗـﻪ ﻣـﻦ È 8ـﻪرش و ﻗـﻮرش ﻣـﺎرﻩم 8
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\ـﺮدﻧـﻪ ﺑـﻪردﻩﻣـﯽ ; khistinà qafazawa to put in a cageـﺧﺴ•£ـــﻪ ﻗـﻪﻓـﻪزﻩوﻩ ; nakhsha planﻧـﻪ ـﺧﺸـﻪ
; awanda i tir so much moreﺋـﻪوﻩﻧـﺪﻩی oـﺮ ; âwâz voiceﺋـﺎواز ;birdinà bardam i to take to
taqîn toﺗ ـﻪﻗ ـﲔ ; > khafat worryـﻪﻓ ـﻪت ; dâkh griefداخ ; khoshawîst belovedﺧ ـﯚﺷ ـﻪو Iـﺴ ـﺖ
ﺧﺴـﱳ ;burst
ﺷـﯚخ و ﺷـﻪ ; jwânî beautyﺟـﻮاﱏ ; pîlân rek-khistin to hatch a planـﭘﻴـﻼن رzـﮏ ـ
wâ kirdin la (+ subj.) toوا ‘ـــﺮدن parî peri, fairy; 8ﭘـــﻪری ; shokhushangî eleganceرﮔـــﯽ
; 8 la marâq i …dâ bûn to wonderﻣ ـﻪراﰵ…دا ﺑ ـﻮون ; giriftâr smittenﮔ ـﺮﻓ ـ ±ـﺎر ;convince to
bo halﺑـﯚ ﻫـﻪل ﮔـ½ان ; das-kawtin to be capturedدﻩس ﮐـﻪوoـﻦ ; chonetî manner, how toﭼـﯚﻧ.ــﱴ
ﭼـﻮﻧـﻪ \ـﻦ ; giriftâr-kirdin ba to entangle inﮔـﺮﻓ±ــﺎر ‘ـﺮدن ﺑـﻪ ;gařân to look for an opportunity
qawânﻗ ـﻪوان ﺧ ـﻮ eـﻨ ـﺪﻧ ـﻪ ﮔ ـﻮ eـ¬ﯽ …دا ; chunà bin kiłesha i …awa to dupeﮐ ـ Ÿـ .ـﺸ ـﻪی …هوﻩ
râzî-kirdin to conرازی ‘ــــــــــﺮدن ;khwendinà gwe i …dâ to harp on s.th. into s.o.’s ear;> kham dâ-girtin for grief to afflictـــﻪم دÐﮔـــﺮoـــﻦ ; 8 la mil dân to beheadﻣـــﻞ دان ;vince
/ châr remedy.ﺎر ; âmozhgârî-kirdin to adviseﺋﺎﻣﯚژﮔﺎری ‘ﺮدن
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ﻗـــﻪTmـــﻪ ; wak bâ like the windوﻫـــﮏ ™ ;‘ koł backـــﻮڵ ; pařînà to leap ontoﭘـــﻪڕﯾـــﻨـــﻪ
bakhtit hałsâwaﺑــﻪﺧــ±ــﺖ ﻫــﻪZــﺴــﺎوﻩ ; bakht luckﺑــﻪﺧــﺖ ; gird hillﮔــﺮد ;qałâycha fortress
ﮔـﺮێ ; banakhun drawstringﺑـﻪﻧـﻪﺧـﻮن ; râst rightراﺳـﺖ ;you’ve had a stroke of good luck
gre-kirdinawa toﮔـﺮێ ‘ـﺮدﻧـﻪوﻩ ; gre-dirân la for a knot to be tied inﮔـﺮێ دران gre knot; 8
È 8 la ‘arsh u qursh ‘by God’s throne and footstool’ (anــــــﻪرش و ﻗــــــﻮرش ;untie a knot
ﻧRﺸـﮏ ; zânîn ba to be aware ofزاﻧـﲔ ﺑـﻪ ;)oath
ﭘRŸﺸـﺎﻧـﺪﻧـﻪوﻩ ; ânîshk elbowﺋـﺎ ــ
piłîshândinawaـــ
ba îzn i khwâ by God’s leave.ﺑﻪ ﺋﲒﱏ ﺧﻮا ;to squash
147
SORANI KURDISH
ﺗـﻮ ﻫـﺎﺗـﻮوﻩ «.ﺋـﻪو<ـﺎ ﮔـﻪﱋ و <ـﻪواﻫـﲑى ﺧـﯚى ﻛـﯚ qـﺮدﻩوﻩ و ﻛـﻪوﺗـﻪ ﺗـﻪك ﺋـﻪﲪـﻪد و ﻫـﺎoـﻦ ﺑـﯚ
ﻻى ﭘـﺎﺷـﺎ .ـﻛﭽـﻰ ﺷـﺎى ﭘـﻪر€ن وﰏ» :دﻩ bـﺧgـﻮﻩ ـﺗ{ـﲂ 8دﻩرﻩوﻩى ﺷـﺎر ﺑـﯚ ﻫـﻪ ـZﺒـﺪﻩن
ﭼـﻮـ³ﻜـﻪ ﻣـﻦ ` /ـﻞ رۆژ ﻣـﺎرﻩم 8ﭘـﺎﺷـﺎ cﯾـﻪ8 «.و ﻣـﺎوﻩﯾـﻪدا ﭘـﺎﺷـﺎ ﺋـﺎراﱉ ﻟـ‚ \ـ½ا و ﺳـﻮeـ¬ﻰ
ﺑﻮوﻩوﻩ و ﻣﺮد .دواﱙ ﺋﻪﲪﻪد ﺧﯚى ﺑﻮو ﺑﻪ ﭘﺎﺷﺎ و ﻛﭽﻰ ﺷﺎى ﭘﻪر€ﱏ ﮔﻮاﺳ,ﺘﻪوﻩ.
ﭘـﺎش ﺑـﻪﯾ*gـــﻚ ﺋـﻪﲪـﻪد ﭘـﺎﺷـﺎ €دى ™وﰽ زۆر `bﻗـﻪﰏ qـﺮد و ﻓـﻪرﻣـﺎﱏ دا ﺗـﻪدارﻩﰽ
zﻜﺨـﺮا و رۆ ـIﺸـﺖ ³ 8ـﺰﯾـﻚ ﺷـﺎرﻩﻛـﻪى ﻣـﺎZـﻰ ™وﰽ ﺧgــﻮﻩﰏ ﻫـﻪZـﺪا .وﻩزtـﺮ
8ـﺷﻜـﺮ و ﺳـ,ﭙــﺎ ر ـ ـ
ﺷﻜـﺮ و
ﺸ,ﺘـﻪ ﻻى ﭘـﺎﺷـﺎ و وﰏ<» :ـﻪcﰉ ﭘـﺎﺷـﺎ ،ﭼـﻰ ـ\ﻜـﻪtـﻦ؟ وا 8ـ
ﺑـﻪ ﻫـﻪZـﻪداوان ﮔـﻪIـ ــ
ﺳ,ﭙـﺎى ـ ـﺑ{ﮕـﺎﻧـﻪ ﺷـﺎر€ن ﺋـﺎﺑﻠــﯚﻗـﻪ داوﻩ و دﻩ ـtﮕـﺮن «.ﭘـﺎﺷـﺎ ،ﻛـﻪ ` 8و دوورﱙ qـﻮڕﻩﻛـﻪى
ــ
ﻫـﻪر دوو /ـﺎوى qـﻮzـﺮ ﺑـﻮوﺑـﻮو و ﻧژـﻪﻛـﻪﳽ ﻛـﻪ ﺑـﻪ Écـﻪق qـﻮڕﻩى رﻩﻫـﻪﻧـﺪﻩى و`mن qـﺮد
ﮔـﻮل ﺑـﻮوﺑـﻮو ،وﰏ<» :ـﺎ ™ 8ـﺷﻜـﺮى ــﺑ{ﮕـﺎﻧـﻪ ﺷـﺎر دÐﮔـﲑ ـ\ﻜـﻪن .ﻣـﻦ `زﻩ ﺑـﻪ ﺗـﻪﻣـﺎى ﭼـﲓ؟
وا ﺧـﯚم qـﻮzـﺮ ﺑـﻮوم و ﻧژـﻪﻛـﻪﴌ ﮔـﻮل ﺑـﻮوﻩ «.ﺋـﻪو<ـﺎ qـﻮڕﻩ ﻫـﺎﺗـﻪ ﻻى ™وﰽ و وﰏ» :ﭘـﺎﺷـﺎ،
ﺗـﯚ ـﻛ{ـﺖ ﻫـﻪﯾـﻪ و ﺑـﯚ ﭼـﻰ وات ـ ـﻟ{ﻬـﺎﺗـﻮوﻩ؟« ﭘـﺎﺷـﺎIـﺶ Éـﺎڵ و ﻣـﻪﺳـﻪ8ى ﺗـﻪرﻓـﻪﻧـﻪ ﺑـﻮوﱏ
qـﻮڕﻩﻛـﻪى ﺑـﯚ ﮔ.ــ½اﯾـﻪوﻩ و وﰏq» :ـﻮڕم ،ﺋـﻪوﻩ ﳇﻴــﲆ ﺷـﺎر و ﺗـﯚ ﺑﺒــﻪ ﺑـﻪ ﻧRــﺸـ,ﺘــﻪﺟgــ¬ﻰ ﻣـﻦ .ﻣـﻦ
`زﻩ qـﻮڕى ﺧـﯚم ﺑـﻪ /ـﺎو cﺑRــﲌ و وا دﻩﺑRــﲎ زﻩﻟﻴــﻞ و ﻣـﺰﻣـﻪﺣ)ــﻞ داﻧRــﺸـ,ﺘــﻮوم «.ﺋـﻪﲪـﻪد دZـﻰ
ﮔـﻪرم ﺑـﻮو و وﰏ™» :ﺑـﻪ ،ﻣـﻦ qـﻮڕﻩﻛـﻪى ﺧـﯚﰎ!« ﺋـﻪو<ـﺎ ﺑـﻪﺳـﻪرﻫـﺎﰏ ﺧـﯚى « 8ـﻪرﯾـﱮ ﺑـﯚ
ﮔ.ــ½اﯾـﻪوﻩ و ™وك دﻩﺳـ,ﺒــﻪﺟـ‚ /ـﺎوى /ـﺎك ﺑـﻮوﻩوﻩ و 8ﮔـﻪڵ qـﻮڕﻩﯾـﺪا ﺑـﻪ ﯾـﻪك ﺷـﺎد و ﺷـﻮqـﺮ
ﺑﻮوﻧﻪوﻩ.
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ﺑـﻪ ﺋـwﮔـﺎ ; shil-kirdinawa to loosenﺷـﻞ ‘ـﺮدﻧـﻪوﻩ ; rek-kawtin to go smoothlyرzـﮏ ﮐـﻪوoـﻦ
;Z™ bâłdâr &c. see note 1 on p. 129ـــﺪار ; ba âgâ hâtin to come to consciousnessﻫـــﺎoـــﻦ
ganj treaﮔ ـﻪﱋ ; khoshit be u tirshit be whether you like it or notﺧ ـﯚﺷ ـﺖ bو oـﺮﺷ ـﺖ bﺋـﺎرام \ـ½ان ;) kawtinà tak to sit behind (on a horseﮐـﻪوـﺗﻨـﻪ ﺗـﻪک ;< jawâhîr jewelsـﻪواﻫـﲑ ;sure
ﮔ ـﻮاﺳ ـ £ـ• ـﻪوﻩ ; swe-bûnawa to pine awayﺳ ـﻮێ ﺑ ـﻮوﻧ ـﻪوﻩ ;8 ârâm biřran la to lose patience
gwâstinawa (gwez-) to take to wife.
٢
betâqat-kirdinﺑ±.ـــﺎﻗـﻪ ت ‘ـﺮدن ;€ yâd memoryد ; pâsh baynèk after a whileﭘـﺎش ﺑـﻪ ﯾ*gـــﮏ
rek-khirân to beرzــﮏ ﺧــﺮان ; sipâ armyﺳ ,ــــﭙــﺎ ;8 lashkir troopsﺷــﮑــﺮ ;to make anxious
ﺑ{ﮕـﺎﻧـﻪ ; haładâwân hasteﻫـﻪZـﻪداوان ;mustered
âbloqa-dân toﺋـﺎ ـﺑﻠـﯚﻗـﻪ دان ; begâna foreignـ ـ
; ba nâḥaq unjustlyﺑــﻪ Écــﻪق ; ` tâ u dûrî i painful separation fromو دوری ;lay siege to
دÐﮔـﲑ ; gul-bûn to contract leprosyﮔـﻮل ﺑـﻮون ; rahanda-kirdin to make wanderرﻩﻫـﻪﻧـﺪﻩ ‘ـﺮدن
tarfana-ﺗـﻪرﻓـﻪﻧـﻪ ﺑـﻮون ; tamâ desireﺗـﻪﻣـﺎ ;` tâza anymoreزﻩ ;‘ dâgîr-kirdin to captureـﺮدن
148
READINGS
) (١٠ﻣﻦ و ﻣﻪم و زﯾﲎ >ﺎﱏ
ﻫﻪژار
8ﭘـﺎش ﺋـﻪوﻩی وﻩرﮔ.ــ½اﱏ ﻣـﻪم و زtـﻦ ﺑـﻪ ﻣـﻮ‘ـﺮ€ﱏ /ـﺎپ و ﺑـ·و ‘ـﺮاﯾـﻪوﻩ\ ،ـﺮا و ﺧـﻮﺷـﲀﱏ
وzـﮋﻩوان ،ﮐـﻪ ﺑـﻪ ﺳـﯚرا ـﻧﻴـﺎن دﻩزاﱏ ،ﺧـﻮ ـeﻨـﺪ€ﻧـﻪوﻩ و ` رادﻩﯾـﻪک دﻩﮔـﻪڵ ﺑـﻪرﻫـﻪﻣـﻪﮐـﻪی
>ـﺎﱏ ﺑـﻮﻧـﻪ ﺋـﺎﺷ,ﻨـــﺎ… ﰷرﻩﮐـﻪﻣ)ــﺎن ﻻ ﭘـﻪﺳـﻪﻧـﺪ ﺑـﻮ ،ﺷـﺎcزﱘ ﺑـﻪ ﺑـﻪﺧـﱲ دﻩ‘ـﺮد ﮐـﻪ ﺗـﻮاﻧyRـــﻮم ﺑـﻪ
ﭘ{¬ﯽ ﺗﻮاcی ﻫﻪژاراﻧﻪم ،ﺋﻪو دﻩﺳ,ﺘﻪ ﺧﻮeﻨﺪﻩواراﻧﻪم ﺑﻪ ﻣﻪم و زtﻦ cﺳﺎﻧﺪوﻩ.
ﺑـﻪmم ﻫـ{ﻨــﺪێ ﮐـﻪس 8واﻧـﻪی ‘ـﺮﻣـﺎﳒـﯽﯾـﻪﮐـﻪ€ن ﻧـﻪدﯾﺒــﻮ€ ،ن دﯾﺒــﻮ€ن ﺑـﻪmم ™ش ﺗ{ــ¬ﯽ
ﻧـﻪﮔـﻪﯾﺒــﻮن™8 ،ﰏ ﭘـﻪﺳـ,ﻨــﺪی >ـﺎﱏ ،ﺋـﺎﻓـﻪرﯾ*)ـــﺎن 8ﻣـﻦ دﻩ‘ـﺮد… ﺗـﻪcﻧـﻪت ﻫـﻪﻧـﺪێ د ـZﺴـﺎدﻩی
واﴌ دﻩدtـﻦ ،ﮐـﻪ 8روی ﻣ•ــﺎ دﻩ €ـ³ﮕـﻮت :ﺗـﯚ >ـﺎﻧRــﺖ زﯾﻨــﺪو ‘ـﺮدﻩوﻩ — ،ﺧـﻮدا ﺗـﯚﺑـﻪ—!!
ﮔـﺮۆت > 8ـﺎﱏ \ـﺮدﻩوﻩ!!! ﺋـﺎی 8و ‘ـﻮﻓـﺮﻩی ﺑـﻪدﻩم ﺋـﻪﻣـﺎﻧـﻪدا دﻩﻫـﺎت!! \ـ½وا ـ\ﮑـﻪن 8و
ـــﺎﻧـﻪ… 8ﺷـﻪرﻣـﺎن و È 8ـﻪﯾﺒــﻪ`ن دﻩﺗـﻮاﻣـﻪوﻩ…
ﺟـﯚرﻩ ﮔﻔ±ـــﻪ ﺗﻔ±ـــﺎﻧـﻪ و8 ،و ﻓـﻪرﻣـﺎIـﺸ,ﺘـــﻪ ﻣﻔ±
ﺧﻮاﯾﻪ ،ﺋﻪو ﭘﻪZﻪی ﺑﻮﺧ±ﺎﻧﻪ ،ﭼﯚﱎ ﻟ{Vﻪ دﻩﺑ±.ﻪوﻩ؟! ﮐ‚ ﻫﻪﯾﻪ ﺑﯚم Ìﺴ½eﺘﻪوﻩ؟!
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٢
٣
ﻣـﺰﻣـﻪﺣ)ــﻞ ; zalîl miserableزﻩﻟﻴــﻞ ; nîshtaje successorﻧRــﺸـ,ﺘــﻪﺟـ‚ ; kilîl keyﳇﻴــﻞ ;bûn to be lost
basarﺑـﻪﺳـﻪرﻫـﺎت ; dił garm-bûn for the heart to warmدڵ ﮔـﻪرم ﺑـﻮون ;mizmaḥîl deprived baﺑـﻪ ﯾـﻪک ;/ châk-bûnawa to be healedـﺎک ﺑـﻮوﻧـﻪوﻩ ;« gharîbî exileـﻪرﯾـﱮ ;hât adventure
yek together.
8 ١ﻫـــﻪژار» ،ﺋـــﻪﲪـــﻪدی >ـــﺎﱏ :ﻣـــﻪم و زtـــﻦ« )Paris: Weşanên Enstîtuya Kurdî ya Parîsê,
،(1989ل ١٤-١٣وﻩرﮔﲑاوﻩ.
Mam u Zîn is an epic poem written by Ahmad Khânî at the end of the 17th century. Hazhâr does not use the double wâw for û (which has been added in the vocabulary in the notes); otherwise his spelling is consistent with normal usage. His highly
idiosyncratic punctuation is reproduced as is.
٢
/ـﺎپ ; mukriyânî the Mukri dialect of Kurdishﻣـﻮ‘ـﺮ€ﱏ ; wargeřân translationوﻫـ½ﮔ.ــ½ان
وzـــﮋﻩوان ; biłâw-kirânawa to be publishedﺑـــ·و ‘ـــﺮاﻧـــﻪوﻩ ;‘ châp-kirân to be printedـــﺮان
` tâ râdaراﯾ ـﻪﯾ ـﻪک râda degree:رادﻩ ; sorânî Sorani Kurdishﺳ ـﯚراﱏ ;wezhawân literary bûnàﺑـﻮوﻧـﻪ ﺋـﺎﺷ ,ــﻨـﺎ دﻩﮔـﻪڵ ; barham production, workﺑـﻪرﻫـﻪم ;yèk to an extent, to a degree
pasand-bûn lâ i … to be pleasﭘـﻪﺳـﻪﻧـﺪ ﺑـﻮون ﻻی ;âshnâ dagał to become familiar with twânâﺗ ـﻮا bakht luck; cﺑ ـﻪﺧ ـﺖ ; shânâzî-kirdin ba to take pride inﺷ ـﺎcزی ‘ ـﺮدن ﺑ ـﻪ ;ing to
khwendawârﺧـﻮ ـeﻨـﺪﻩوار ; dast groupدﻩﺳـﺖ ; hazhârâna paltry, miserableﻫـﻪژارا ـﻧ ﻪ ;ability
c nâsândin ba to make acquainted with.ﺳﺎﻧﺪن ﺑﻪ ;reader
٣
te-gayîn = teﺗ ـ{ ـﮕ ـﻪﯾ ـﲔ ; ‘ kirmânjî Kurmanji, the Kurdish spoken in Turkeyـﺮﻣ ـﺎﳒ ـﯽﺋــﺎﻓــﻪرtــﻦ ‘ــﺮدن pasind liking; 8ﭘــﻪﺳ ,ــــﻨــﺪ ;™8 labât i instead ofﰏ ;gayshtin to understand
149
SORANI KURDISH
•ـﯚﰽ ﭘـﻪﳒـﻪیR ـ ـﻧ:ـﻪ ﻫـﻪژارﻩﮐـﻪﻣـﺪا ﴎ` ـﻧ ﺪیZـ¬ﯽ دe دﻩ ﮔـﻮ، ﭘـﻪژارﻩم8 ½ـ- ـﮋداﱏtو
…ﯾﻪc ت€ ﮐﻪس دﻩ ﻓﺮc دﻩ.ﻨﻪgﺸﮑÌ ﺖ£ﺸê ﯚﳽZ•ﻪ و ﺋﺎ.ﺧﯚت ﺑ
` ،ـﯚز ﮐـﻪمŸ{ ـﻧﻴـﻪﮐـﻪدا ـﻟ{ـﮏ ـ ـﭘ€{ﺨـﯽ >ـﺎﱏ دﻩﮔـﻪڵ ﻣـﻮ‘ـﺮ,ﺷ
رم دا ﻣـﻪم و زﯾـﲎ ــ ـ€½\ـ
ﭽ{ﮑـﯽe
ی ﻣـﻪزن ﻻو ـ ـ ـ€ دﻩر8 ـﻦ ﮐـﻪ ﻫـﻪژار³ـﺶ \ـﺰاRﻨـﺪﻩوارا ـﻧe ﺧـﻮ ـ،ـﻪوﻩ و±.ﺴ
ـ ـ ـÌ ـﮋداﱎtو
ﯾـﻪ€ ﺋـﻪو دﻩر، ﻫـﻪر وﻩ‘ـﻮ ﺧـﯚی ﻣـﺎوﻩ€ زﻩر، ﺑـﯚ ﳕـﻮﻧـﻪ ﺷـﺎﱏ داوﻩ،ـﺎوﻩ و9ـ ــ{ﻨZﺳـﻪرﻩوﻩ ﻫـﻪ8
،ـﮋی ﭘـ¬‚ دﻩوێ ` \ـﮕـﺎﺗـﻪ ﺗـﻪﺧـﱴ ﺑـﲎ وzـﺸـﻮدرê ـﺸـﯽ ﺑـﻪﺑـﲔ و.•ـﻪﮐـRواﱏ زۆر ﺑـ ـ8ﻣـﻪ
ـﺶ ﺋـﺎزادI ﺧـﯚ ` ‘ـﻮرد. وﻩدﻩس ﮐـﻪوێ،ﯾـﻪنc ﮔـﻪوﻫـﻪرﻩ وﻩﺷـﺗﺎرـﻮﻩﰷﱏ ﮐـﻪ دﻩ ڕادﻩ و ژﻣـﺎر
!! ﻗﻪرﻩی >ﺎﱏ ﺑﺪا؟8 ﺪﻩﮐﻪوێ ﺧﯚیZ ‘ﻮا ﻫﻪ،cوان و ﺗﯚژﻩرﻩوﻩی وا زا8 ﻣﻪ،ﻧﻪوێ
: ‘ﺮد$
زۆر ورد، ﺑـﻪرا ـﻧﺒـﻪر ﺑـﻪﯾـﻪﰼ ‘ـﺮدن.ـﺎﭘـﺎن/ ﭼـﻮار ﻣـﻪم و زﯾـﲌ ﭘـﻪﯾـﺪا ‘ـﺮد… ﺑـﻪ ﭼـﻮار
:ﰷﻣﺎw ﺋ8 ،ﻟ{ﻴﺎن ورد ﺑﻮﻣﻪوﻩ
١
٢
٣
âfarîn-kirdin la to applaud; ﻧـﻪتc ﺗـﻪtanânat especially; ﻫـﻪﻧـﺪێhandè rather, somewhat;
ﺴـﺎدﻩZ د ـdiłsâda naïve; ـﻦo رووی …)د(ا ﮔـﻮ8 la rû i …(d)â gutin to say to someone’s face;
زﯾـﻨـﺪوو ‘ـﺮدﻧـﻪوﻩzîndû-kirdinawa to bring back to life; ﺧـﻮدا ﺗـﯚﺑـﻪkhudâ toba God forbid!;
8 ﮔـــﺮۆ \ـــﺮدﻧـــﻪوﻩgiro-birdinawa la to get ahead of; ﺋـــﺎیây oh; ‘ـــﻮﻓـــﺮkufr curse; دﻩمdam
mouth; \ـ½وا ‘ـﺮﮐـﺪنbiřwâ-kirdin to believe; ـﮔﻔـﺖgift speech; ـﺗﻔـﺖtift mouth-puckeringly
sweet; ﺸـﺖI ﻓـﻪرﻣـﺎ ـfarmâyisht compliment; ـﻣﻔـﺖmift free, without cost: ﺘـﻪ ـﻣﻔـﺖ,ﺸI
ﻓـﻪرﻣـﺎ ـ ــ
farmâyisht a mift empty compliment; ﺷـــﻪرمsharm shame, embarrassment; ـــﻪﯾـــﺒـــﻪتÈ
‘aybat fear; ﺗـﻮانtwân to want; ـﻪZ ﭘـﻪpała stain, spot; ــﺎن± ﺑـﻮﺧbukhtân slander; ـﻪ ﺑـﻮوﻧـﻪوﻩV{ﻟ
ــ
lekha bûnawa to be rubbed off of; ﺳ½ﯾﻨﻪوﻩsiřînawa to wipe clean.
١
ـــﮋدانt وwîzhdân conscience; ﭘـــﻪژارﻩpazhâra sadness; ﴎ`ﻧـــﺪنsirtândin to whisper;
•ـــﯚکR ﻧnînok fingernail; ﭘـﻪﳒـﻪpanja hand; ـﯚشZ ﺋـﺎâłosh itch: ـﯚش ﺷـﲀﻧـﺪنZ ﺋـﺎâłosh shkândin
to scratch an itch; ﻦo ﻫﺎ€ دﻩ ﻓﺮda firyâ hâtin to come to help.
٢
ر دان€½ \ــbiřyâr-dân to decide; ــﯚز ‘ــﺮدنŸ ﻟــ{ــﮏ ﭘــ{ــlek pełoz kirdin to put an end to;
ـــﻪوﻩ±.ﺴÌ ـbisetawa for ـــﻪوﻩ±. ﲝـﻪﺳbiḥasetawa from hasânawa to rest; € دﻩرdaryâ sea; ﻣـﻪزن
mazin great; ــﭻe ﻻوlâwech handful; ــﺎن9ــ{ــﻨــZ ﻫــﻪhałenjân to draw water; ﳕــﻮوﻧــﻪnimûna
sample; ﺷـﺎن دانshân-dân to show; € زﻩرzaryâ sea; وان8 ﻣـﻪmalawân swimmer; ﺸـﯽ.ﮐ
•ـــﻪ ــRﺑ
bînakeshî taking a breath; ﺑـﲔbîn breath; ﺸـﻮوê ـpishû breath; ــﻪ\ـﻦ± ﺗـﻪﺧtakhtabin bottom;
ﮔـﻪوﻫـﻪرgawhar pearl; وﻩﺷـﺗﺎرـﻮوwashârtû hidden; ـﻦo دﻩ رادﻩ و ژﻣـﺎر ﻧـﻪﻫـﺎda râda u zhimâr
nahâtin to be inestimable and uncountable; ــــــﻦo وﻩ دﻩس ﮐــــــﻪوwa das kawtin to be obtained; ﺋـــﺎزادâzâd free; ﺗـــﯚژﻩرtozhar researcher; c زاzânâ knowledgeable; ‘ـــﻮاkwâ how
(for rhetorical questions); ﻗﻪرﻩی … دان8 ﺧﯚkho la qara i … dân to approach.
٣
ــﻪر ﺑـﻪ ﯾـﻪک ‘ـﺮدنy ﺑـﻪراﻣbarâmbar ba yek kirdin to compare; 8 ورد ﺑـﻮوﻧـﻪوﻩwird-bûnawa la
150
READINGS
ــﺘـﺎ ﺧـﻮا, ـﺮی ﻣـﺎم »ﮔـﻴـﻮ«م ﻫـﻪر زو ﻗـﺖ ‘ـﺮد… ﺋـﻪو ﻣـﺎﻣـﯚﺳ.ـﺎﭘـ¬ﯽ ﻫـﻪوﻟـ/ -١
ﺘـﻪﯾـﻪک,ﺳ
ﻫـﻪر وﺷـﻪﯾـﻪک و ر ــ:ﻴـﻮﻩش وﻩک زۆر ‘ـﻮردی ﺋـﻪم زﻩﻣـﺎﻧـﻪ ﻻی واﺑـﻮﻩ,ﺸ
ﺑـﻪﺧـ ــ
ـﺎﻧ{ــﮏ ﺑـﲑــﻟ{ﮑـﺮدﻧـﻪوﻩ/ و،ـﻪت ﻧـﻮﴎاوﻩ!! ﺋﻴــﱰ راﻣـﺎن و داﻣـﺎﻧ{ــﮏZرﻩ ﺑـﻪ «ـﻪ€ دœـﺰاtﺧـﯚی ﻧـﻪ
.ﮑﯽ ﻧﻴﻪ… ﺋﻪوا ﺋﻪو ﻓﺖzوc ﺸﺪاIﮐﻪی ﺗﻪڕ8دﻩ ‘ﻮ
ﺑـﻪ٩٦٢ ـﯽZــ{ـﺪا رۆزﯾـﻨـﮑـﯚ( ﺳـﺎ, ـﺎﭘـ¬ﯽ ﻣـﯚﺳـﮑـﯚ ﮐـﻪ >ـﺎﱎ )ﺳ/ ﻣـﻪم و زﯾـﲎ-٢
ﰏ( ﺑـﻪm ﺋـﻪدﻩ ـﺑﻴـﺎ` رۆژﻫـﻪcﻠـﻮﻣـﯽ ﯾـﻪ ـ‘ﻴـﻪﰏ ﺳـﯚ ـﭬ)ـﻪت ) ـﻧ ﻪﴍ>ـﺎÈﻤـﯽ ـeﰷد ـwـﺮی ﺋـ.ﭙ,ﺳ
را ــ ـ
ـﺎپ و ﺑـ·وی/ ـﮏzـﻪﺑـﻪرVﺸ.ﭘ
ــ
ـ ـ ـ،ـ½اوی روﳻ و. دﻩﮔـﻪڵ وﻩر ـﮔ،ـﺎرﻩﰉÈ {ـﻮﻩ>ـﻪﰏ,ﺷ
ﺑـﻪر8 دﻩرﺋـﻪﮐـﻪوێ ﮐـﻪ،ـﺰاﻧـﺪاz ﭘـﻪراو8 مm ﺑـﻪ.ﺸـﻪ‘ﻴــﻪﮐـﻪﱘ ﻧـﻪدﯾـﻮﻩ. ﺑـﻪ دا>ـﻪوﻩ ﻣـﻦ ــﭘ.‘ـﺮدﻩوﻩ
.ﻪﻣﺰﻩدا ﻧﻪﺑﻮنÉ وی8 ﺪا ﻫﻪﺑﻮن ﮐﻪeو8 ﻪﻧﺪ ﻧﻮﲯﻪ ﻧﻮﴎاوﻩﺗﻪوﻩ… دو ﺑﻪﯾﺖ/
« ﮐـﻪ ﺑـﻪراﻧﺒــﻪر٣٣٥ ـﯽZـﴗ ﺳـﺎI »ﻣـﺎ:ﺸـﻪﮐـﻪﯾـﺪا ﻧـﻮﴎاوﻩ. ــﭘ8 …ـﻪﻣـﺰﻩÉ ـﺎﭘـ¬ﯽ/ -٣
ــ ــﺘ*ﺴـﺎخ, »ﺋـﻪو ‘ـ ـﻴﺘـﺎ™ ‘ـﻮ ﻣـﻪ ژێ اﺳ: دوا ـﯾﻴـﻪﮐـﻪﳽ ﻧـﻮﴎاوﻩ8 ،ی ﻣ)ــﻼدیﯾـﻪ١٩١٩ ﺑـﻪ
.« ﺧﻮدا رﻩﺣﲈ ﺧﻮﻩ ﻟ‚ \ﲀ،ﴗ ﺑﻮRﺪی ﻧﭭeﺮ ﻣﺎم ز.ﺰ ‘ﻮری ﺷtﻪزÈ ،دا١١٦٥ ‘ﺮی
١
٢
٣
to scrutinize; ﰷﻣﺎw ﺋ8 la âkâm’â in the end.
١
ـﺮی. ﻫـﻪوـﻟHawlerî a native of Arbil; ﻫـﻪر زووhar zû very early on; ﻗـﺖ ‘ـﺮدنqit-kirdin
to eliminate; ﺘــﺎ, ﻣـﺎﻣـﯚﺳـmâmostâ professor, teacher, a title accorded learned persons; ﺧـﻮا
ﻴـﻮ,ﺧﺸ
ر ــrista sentence; ـﻪتZ «ـﻪghałat
ﺑـﻪ ـ ــkhwâ-bakhshîw the late; وﺷـﻪwisha word; ﺘـﻪ,ﺳ
error; راﻣـﺎنrâ-mân to contemplate; داﻣـﺎنdâ-mân to be stymied; ـﺎن/ وwichân to pause;
ﺑـﲑ ـ ـﻟ{ﮑـﺮدﻧـﻪوﻩbîr-lekirdinawa to think; ﮑـﯽ ـﻧﻴـﻪzو ـc ﺸـﺪاIﮐـﻪی ﺗـﻪڕـ8 دﻩ ‘ـﻮda kulaká i tař’îsh’dâ
nâwèkî niya ‘do not exist in his enlightened view’; ﻓﺖfit the sound of spitting.
٢
962 is common Turkish usage for 1962; ﺳﮑـﯚ
ﻣـﯚ ـMosko Moscow; >ـﺎﱎkhânim lady;
ــ{ـﺪا, ﺳsedâ Ms.; ـﺮی.ــﭙـ, ﺑـﻪ راﺳba râsperî i under the auspices of; ـﻤـﯽeﰷدw ﺋـâkâdemî academy; ــﻠــﻮمÈ ‘ulûm (spelled in Arabic) science; ﯾــﻪ‘ــﻴــﻪﰏyekîatî union; ﺳــﯚﭬــ)ــﻪتsovyet
soviet; ﰏm ﺋـــﻪدﻩﺑـــﻴـــﺎ` رۆژﻫـــﻪc ﻧـــﻪﴍ>ـــﺎhere Hazhâr replicates the Cyrillic spelling of the
Kurmanji for ‘Oriental Literature Press’ (Neşirxana Edebiyata Rojhełatî); ـ{ـﻮﻩ>ـﻪت,ﺷـ
shewakhat type; ـﺎرﻩﰉÈ ‘ârabî Arabic; رووﳻrûsî Russian; ـﻪﺑـﻪرVﺸ.ﭘ
ـ ـ ـpeshkhabar preface; ﺑـﻪ دا>ـﻪوﻩba dâkhawa regrettably; ﺸـﻪ‘ﻴــﻪﮐـﻪی.ﭘ
ــpeshakîakáy its foreword; ـﻦt دdîn to
see (variant of dîtin); ـﺰانz ﭘـﻪراوparâwezân to edit, edition; ـﻦo دﻩرﮐـﻪوdar-kawtin to turn
out; ﻪﻧﺪ/ chand several; ﻧﻮﲯﻪnuskha manuscript, copy; ﺑﻪﯾﺖbayt line of poetry.
٣
ـﺲI ﻣ ـﺎmâyis May; ﻣ ـ) ـﻼدیmîlâdî A.D.; the quotation is in Kurmanji: ew kitaba ku
me jê istinsax kirî 1165’da ‘Ezîz kurê Şêr Mam Zêdî nivîsî bû, Xuda rahma xwe lê
bika: ‘the book from which I have copied was written in 1165 by Aziz son of Sher
Mam Zedi, may God have mercy on him.’
151
SORANI KURDISH
ﺷ.ﺴـﺖ ﺳـﺎڵ öـﻮﮐـﱰ 8ﯾـﻪﮐـﻪﻣـﲔ ﻣـﻪم و زﯾـﲎ ﺑـﻪ
RÉﺴـﺎﺑـﻪ ﺋـﻪو ﻧـﻮﲯـﻪﯾـﻪ ﺗـﻪﻣـﻪﱏ ــ
ﺑـﻪو ــ
دﻩﲯﻪﰏ >ﺎﱏ ﺑﻮﻩ ،دو ﺑﻪﯾﱲ 8وkﺸﺪا دﯾﱳ ﮐﻪ 8ﻧﻮﲯﻪﮐﻪی ﻣﯚﺳﮑﯚدا ﻧﻪﻧﻮﴎاون.
ﺳـﻪﯾـﺪا Éـﻪﻣـﺰﻩ 8ﺳـﺎmﱏ ١٩١٨و ١٩١٩ﺳـﻪرﭘـﻪرﺷ,ــﱴ /ـﺎ ـﭘVـﺎﻧـﻪی )ﻧـﻪﲨـﯽ
ﺋRﺴ)£ﻘyﺎل( 8ﺷﺎری ﺋﻪﺳ,ﺘﻪﻣyﻮڵ ﺑﻮﻩ ،ﺳﺎZﯽ 8 ٩٥٦ﻗﺎﻣRﺸﲆ وﻩﻓﺎﰏ ‘ﺮد…
-٤ﻣـﻪم و زﯾـﲎ ﺑـﻪ ﻻﺗRــﲎ ﮐـﻪ ﻣـﺎﻣـﯚﺳـ,ﺘــﺎ )Éـﻪﻣـﻪدﻩﻣـﲔ ﺑـﯚز ﺋـﻪرﺳـﻪﻻن( ﺳـﺎZـﯽ 8 ٩٦٨
ﺗـﻮر‘ﻴــﺎ ﺑـﻪ وﻩرﮔ.ــ½اوی oـﺮ‘ﻴــﻪوﻩ / 8ـﺎﭘـ¬ﯽ دا .ﻓـﻪرﻣـﻮﺷ,ﻴـــﻪﰏ ﺳـﺎZـﯽ 8 ٩٥٨ﺷـﺎری ﺷـﺎم ﺑـﻪ
ﺣﺮوﰱ Èﺎرﻩﰉ / 8ﺎپ دراوﻩ .ﮐﻪ ﳐﺎ\ﻦ ﻧﻪ دﯾﺘﻮﻣﻪ ،ﻧﻪ ﺑRﺴ,ﺘﻮﻣﻪ!!
ﺋـﺎ ـﺷﮑـﺮاﯾـﻪ8 :ﺑـﻪر ﻧـﻮﲯـﻪﻧـﻮﺳـﻪرﻩوﻩ و / 8ـﺎپ دﻩراﱏ ﮐـﺘy.ـــﺎن ﺑ*)ـــﺎدﻩﻣـﻦ و ،ﺑ*)ـــﺎدﻩم ﺑـﻪ
ﻫـﻪZـﻪ دﻩﭼـ‚ ،ﺑـﻪ ـﭘ{ـ¬ﯽ ﺗـﻮا cﻫـﻪZـﻪﰷﱎ راﺳـﺖ ‘ـﺮدﻧـﻪوﻩ ،ﭘـﻪZـﻪﰷﱎ ﻫـﻪ ـZﮕـﺮـﺗﻨـﻪوﻩ ،دﻩر™رﻩی
>ﻪﰏ ﻻﺗRﲎ ﺑﯚ ﺋﻪم ﰷرﻩ ،ﻣﻦ /ﻪﻧﺪ ﺗ{)ÿﻨﻴﻪﰼ ﻫﻪﯾﻪ…
ـــﻪﰷﱏ ث ،ذ ،ص ،ض ،ط ،ظ ،ع ،غ 8ﺋـﻪزﻣـﺎﱏ Èـﺎرﻩﺑﻴــﺪا زۆر ـﻣﺸـﻪﻧـﻪ…
آ– ﭘ±R
ﮐـﻪ ﺋـﻪﮔـﻪر )ث -ص( ﺑـﻪ )س( ) -ذ -ض( ﺑـﻪ )ز() ،ط( ﺑـﻪ )ت() ،ض( ﺑـﻪ )د €ن
ز( ـﺑﻨـﻮﴎzـﻦ 8 ،زۆر ﺷـﻮzـﻦ ﻣـﺎ cـﺗ{ـﮏ دﻩﭼـ‚ ،ﺑـﯚ ﳕـﻮﻧـﻪ :ﺋـﻪﮔـﻪر »ﺿـﻪﻻل« ﮐـﻪ ﻣـﺎcی
ﮔـﻮﻣـ½اﱙ دﻩدا» ،دﻩﻻل« €ن »زﻩﻻل« ﺑﻨــﻮﺳـﲔ ،ﻣـﺎ cﮔـﯚڕا… »دﻩﻻل« cزﻩ» ،زﻩﻻل«
ﺋﺎوی رون و ﺧﯚﺷﻪ…
١
٢
٣
٤
٥
١
RÉﺴـﺎب
ﺷ.ﺴـﺖ ; taman ageﺗـﻪﻣـﻪن ; ḥîsâb calculationــ
;ö bichuktir lessـﻮﮐـﱰ ; shest sixtyــ
daskhat handwriting.دﻩﲯﻪت ;) yekamîn first (see §12.1ﯾﻪﮐﻪﻣﲔ
٢
ﺴ)£ﻘyــﺎل ; najm starﻧـﻪﰖ ;/ châpkhâna pressـﺎ ـﭘVـﺎﻧـﻪ ; sarparisht head, chiefﺳـﻪرﭘـﻪرﺷـﺖ
ﺋRــ ـــ
; Qâmîshlî Qamishli, in SyriaﻗـﺎﻣـRـﺸـﲆ ; Astambuł Istanbulﺋـﻪﺳـ,ـﺘـﻪﻣـyـﻮڵ ;îstîqbâl future
wafât-kirdin to pass away, to die.وﻩﻓﺎت ‘ﺮدن
٣
farmûshînﻓـﻪرﻣـﻮوﺷـﲔ ;o tirkî Turkishـﺮﰽ ; Turkiyâ Turkeyﺗـﻮر‘ﻴــﺎ ; lâtîn Latin lettersﻻﺗـﲔ
mikhâbinﳐــﺎ\ــﻦ ;) ḥurûf letters (spelled in Arabicﺣــﺮوف ; Shâm Damascusﺷــﺎم ;to say
na…na neither…nor.ﻧﻪ…ﻧﻪ ;unfortunately
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nyâdân toﻧـﻴـﺎدان ; nuskhanûsar copyistﻧـﻮﲯـﻪﻧـﻮوﺳـﻪر ; âshkirâ clear, obviousﺋـﺎﺷـﮑـﺮا
; ba pe i twânâ insofar as possibleﺑـﻪ ﭘ{ــ¬ﯽ ﺗـﻮا hała mistake; cﻫـﻪZـﻪ ;take into consideration
ــــﲎ ; pała hał-girtin to catch errorsﭘـﻪZـﻪ ﻫـﻪ ـZﮕـﺮoـﻦ ; râst-kirdinawa to correctراﺳـﺖ ‘ـﺮدﻧـﻪوﻩ
ﺗ{)ÿ
tebînî observation.
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ﻣ ـﺎ misha frequent; cﻣ ـﺸ ـﻪ ; azmân languageﺋ ـﻪزﻣ ـﺎن ;) pît letter (of the alphabetﭘ ـ Rـﺖ
gořân toﮔـﯚڕان ; gumřâî perditionﮔـﻮﻣـ½اﱙ ; tek-chûn to be lostـﺗ{ـﮏ ﭼـﻮون ;mânâ meaning
rûn clear.روون ; zalâl limpidزﻩﻻل ; dalâl, nâz coquetryدﻩﻻلc ،ز ;be changed
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READINGS
ﭘ•.ﺼـﻪد و ﭘـﻪﳒـﺎ و Éـﻪو ﺑـﻪﯾﺘــﺎﻧـﻪدا ﮐـﻪ 8ﻣـﻪم و زﯾﻨــﻪﮐـﻪدان… ﺷـﻪش
8و دوﻫـﻪزار و ـــ
ﻫـﻪزار و ﭘـﺎزدﻩ وﺷـﻪی ﺑـﻪ Èـﺎرﻩﰉ ــﺗ{ﺨـﺰاوﻩ ،ﻧـﯚﺻـﻪد و ــﺑRﺴـﺖ و ﻫـﻪﺷـﺖ وzـﮋﻩی ﻓـﺎرﳻ
ﺗ{ﺪاﯾﻪ .ﺑRﺴﺖ و ﯾﻪک وﺷﻪی oﺮﮐRﺸﯽ ﻟ‚ ﻣ)ﻮاﻧﻪ.
زۆر 8وﺷـﻪ Èـﺎرﻩﺑﻴــﻪﰷن 8ﺳـﯚـ³ﮕـﻪی ﻻﺗـﻴ*)ـــﻪﮐـﻪوﻩ 8ﺷـﻮzـﻦ ﺧـﯚ€ن oـﺮازاون ،ﻫـﻪر
ﺳ,ﻴـﻪﰷن و oـﺮـ‘ﻴـﻪﰷن و ‘ـﻮردﯾـﻪﰷﱏ وﻩک ﺧـﯚ ﻣـﺎون ،ﺗـﻪ ـﻧﻴـﺎ »خ« و »غ« ﻧـﻪ ـﺑ{ـﱳ ﮐـﻪ
ﻓـﺎر ــ
ﻟ{ــﮏ ﻫـﻪZﻨــﺎوار دراون ،ﺑـﻪ \ـ½وای ﻫـﻪژاراﻧـﻪی ﻣـﻦ ` :ﺑـﻪ ﺋـﺎواﯾـﻪﰽ رۆﺷـﻦ /ـﺎرﻩﺳـﻪری ﺋـﻪم
ﭘ±Rـــﻪ `ز€ﻧـﻪ ﻧـﻪﮐـﻪtـﻦ ،ﮐـﻪ دﻩ >ـﻪﰏ ﻻﺗـﲔدا ﻧـﲔ ،ﻧـﻮﺳ•Rـــﻪوﻩی ﮐـﻪ8ﭘـﻮری ﻫـﻪرﻩ ﻫ.ــﮋای
ﮐـﻪوcراﻣـﺎن وﻩ‘ـﻮ :دﯾـﻮاﱏ ﺟـﺰtـﺮی ،ﻣـﻪم و زﯾـﲎ ﺷـــ,ﻴﺨـﯽ >ـﺎﱏ و ،زۆری oـﺮIـﺶ ﺑـﻪﻻﺗRــﲎ
cڕﻩواﯾـﻪ ،ﺋـﻪو >ـﻪزeﻨــﻪی ﮔـﻪوﻫـﻪراﻧـﻪ زاﯾـﻪ دﻩ\ـﻦ€ .ن ــﻧRﺸـﺎﻧـﻪ ﺑـﯚ ﺋـﻪو ﭘ±Rـــﺎﻧـﻪ داﺑـﲊzـﻦ€ ،ن
وﻩک ﻫﻪﺑﻮن ،ﺑﻨﻮﴎzﻦ و ،ﺑﻪ ﻻﺗRﲎ راﭬﻪ \ﮑﺮzﻦ…
ب– ﺳـﻪﯾـﺪا ﺋـﻪﻣـﲔ ﺑـﯚز ﺋـﻪرﺳـﻪﻻن ،وﻩک 8زواﱏ Èـﺎرﻩﺑـﻴـﺪا زۆر ﻣـﻪﻻ و زۆر
ﺷ,ﻨـﺎﯾـﻪﰏ زۆری دﻩﮔـﻪڵ زواﱏ
ﮐRﺸـﺪا ﮔـﺰوﻓـﱴ ﺑـﻮـﻟﺒـﻮل ﺋـﻪدا؟ ﮐـﻪﻣـﱰ ﺋـﺎ ــ
ﺷـﺎرﻩزاﯾـﻪ 8 ،ﺗـﻮر ــ
ﺳ,ﻴـﻪﰷن ﮔـﺮeـ¬ﯽ ﺑـﯚ رﻩﻫـﺎ
ﻓـﺎرﳻ ﻫـﻪﯾـﻪ… / 8ـﻪﻧـﺪ ﺷـﻮg*eـــﮏ ﺋـﻪوIـﺶ زۆر ﮐـﻪم 8 ،ﻓـﺎر ــ
ﻧﻪ‘ﺮاوﻩ…
پ– ﺳـﻪﯾـﺪا دﻩZـ‚c :زاﻧـﲔ ﮐـﻪی ﻣـﻪم و زtـﻦ دﻩﺳ,ـﱴ ﭘـ¬‚ ‘ـﺮاوﻩ ،ﺋ.ــﮋن :ﭘـﻪﱋ ﺳـﺎZـﯽ ﺑـﯚ
ﮐRﺸـﺎﯾـﻪ <ـﻪﻓـﺎ ژ ب ﺑـﻮﱙ Èـﺎﻣـﯽ(
>ـﺎﱏ >ـﺎ€ﻧـﺪوﻩ!! >ـﺎﱏ 8ــﭘ.ﺸـﻪ‘ﻴــﻪﰷﻧﻴــﺪا ﻓـﻪرﻣـﻮﮔﻴــﻪﳻ » :ــ
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wezhaو zـﮋﻩ ; te-khizân ba to slip intoﺗ ـ{ ـﺨ ـﺰان ﺑ ـﻪ ; É ḥawtـﻪوت = ) É ḥaw (dialectalـﻪو
mîwân guest.ﻣ)ﻮان ; fârsî Persianﻓﺎرﳻ ;word
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8 la shwen kho tirâzânﺷـﻮzـﻦ ﺧـﯚ oـﺮازان ; 8 la songa i …awa because ofﺳـﯚـ³ﮕـﻪی …هوﻩ
ﺋـﺎوا ; lek hałnâwâr dirân not to be distinguishedـﻟ{ـﮏ ﻫـﻪ ـZﻨـﺎوار دران ;to be unrecognizable
;/ chârasar i … kirdin to remedyـــﺎوﻩﺳـــﻪری … ‘ـــﺮدن ; roshin clearرۆﺷـــﻦ ;âwâ manner
ﻫــﻪرﻩ ; kalapûrî traditionalﮐــﻪ8ﭘــﻮوری ; nûsînawa literatureﻧــﻮوﺳــRــ•ــﻪوﻩ ;` tâzî Arabicزی
> ـﻪز eـﻨ ـﻪ ;c nâřawâ unreadableڕﻩوا ; kawnârâ oldﮐ ـﻪوcرا ; hezhâ worthyﻫ ـ .ـﮋا ;hara most
ﻧـRـﺸـﺎﻧـﻪ ;€ yân…yân either…orن … €ن ; zâye-bûn to be lostزاﯾـﻪ ﺑـﻮون ;khazena treasury
râva-kirân to be explained.راﭬﻪ ‘ﺮان ; dâ-nirân to be establishedدا³ﺮان ;nîshâna sign
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gizuftﮔـﺰوﻓـﱴ ﺑـﻮﻟﺒــﻮل دان ; shârazâ expertﺷـﺎرﻩزا ; malâ learnedﻣـﻪﻻ ; zwân languageزوان
âshnâyatî dagał acquaintanceﺋـﺎﺷـ,ﻨــﺎﯾـﻪﰏ دﻩﮔـﻪڵ ;i bulbul dân to warble like a nightingale
gre rahâ-kirân for a knotty problem to be solved.ﮔﺮێ رﻩﻫﺎ ‘ﺮان ;with
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SORANI KURDISH
€ﱏ ﺳﺎ{Zﮏ… وا ﺋﻪم ﻣﻪﺗﻪZﻪش زاﻧﺪرا.
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ﺷ.ﺴـﺖ و
ﺷـــ{,ﺨـﯽ >ـﺎﱏ ﺧـﯚی ژﯾﻨــﺎﻣـﻪی ﺧـﯚی ﺑـﻪ ‘ـﻮرﰏ ﺑـﯚ درﰷﻧـﺪوtـﻦ 8 .ﻫـﻪزار و ــ
ﯾـﻪک ﻫـﺎﺗـﯚﺗـﻪ دﻧﻴــﺎ 8 ،ﺗـﻪﻣـﻪﱏ /ـﺎردﻩ ﺳـﺎZـﯽ ﺑـﯚﺗـﻪ ﻧـﻮﺳـﻪر ،ﺳـﺎZـﯽ ﻫـﻪزار و ﺻـﻪت و ﭘ•.ـــﺞ 8
ﻣﻪم و زﯾ xﺑﯚﺗﻪوﻩ.
ت– دﻩر™رﻩی ﺳـﺎZـﯽ وﻩﻓـﺎﰏ .ﺋـﻪوی راﺳ ,ــﺘـﻪ ﻫـﻪر ﺋـﻪو رﺳ ,ــﺘـﻪ ﺟـﻮان و ﻫـ.ـﮋا و
ﺴ,ﺘـﻮﻩ ﻓـﻪرﻣـﻮﯾـﻪﰏ 8 :ـêﺸـﺖ
درو ــ
ﺳ,ﺘـﻪﯾـﻪ ﮐـﻪ )Èـﻪﻻﺋـﻪددtـﻦ ﺳـﻪ ـﺟ9ـﺎدی( 8ﻣـﻪﻻﯾـﻪﰽ ﺑRــ ــ
{gÿﮑـﺪا دﯾـﻮﻣـﻪ ﻋـﻴﺒــﺎرﻩﰏ )ﻃـﺎر >ـﺎﱏ اﱃ رﺑـﻪ( ﺑـﻪ ﺋـﻪﲜـﻪد ﺳـﺎZـﯽ وﻩﻓـﺎﰏ >ـﺎﱏﯾـﻪ… ﮐـﻪ
ﮐﺘــ ـــ
راﺳﺖ دﻩﺑ±.ﻪ ﻫﻪزار و ﺻﻪت و ﻧﯚزدﻩ.
دZـﻪ ﻫـﻪژارﻩﮐـﻪم دﻩZـ‚ :رﻩ ـ³ﮕـﻪ 8و /ـﺎردﻩ ﺳـﺎZـﻪدا ﻫﻴــﭻ ﻧـﻪ bﭼـﻮار ﻟـﲒﮔـﻪی د ـtﮑـﻪی
ﻧﻴﻈـﺎﻣـﯽدا ﺧـﯚراﻧ.ــﻦ و ﺑـﯚڕ€ن ﺑـﺪﻩن…
ﭘ•.ﺠـﻴﻨــﻪی ــ
زۆر cدری ﻫـﯚﻧـﺪﺑ±.ـــﻪوﻩ 8 ` .ﺑـﻪراﻧﺒــﻪر ـــ
ﺑـﻪ ﻫـﻮ ـﻣgـﺪم ﺋـﻪو >ـﻪوﻧـﻪی دZـﻢ وﻩ دی ـﺑ.ـﺖ ،ﺑـﻪرﻫـﻪﻣـﯽ دIـﺶ > 8ـﺎ ـﻧﻴـﻪوﻩ 8ﮔـﯚﺷـﻪی
ﻓﻪراﻣﯚﺷ,ﻴﻪوﻩ ﺑ±.ﻪ دﻩرێ و/ ،ﺎوی دmن ﭘﱰ ﮔﻪش و رون ﮐﻪﻧﻪوﻩ… ﺑﻪ ﺗﻪﻣﺎی ﺧﻮا.
ج– ﺋـﻪوﻩی ﮐـﻪ ﺳـﻪﯾـﺪا 7ﻫ.ــﮋا :ﺑـﯚز ﺋـﻪرﺳـﻪﻻن / 8ـﻪﻧـﺪ ﺟـ‚ﯾـﻪﰷ ﻧـﻮﺳ,ﻴـــﻮﯾـﻪ :زﻩ™ﱏ
cو ﻣـﻪﺗـﻨـﻪﮐـﻪﻣـﺎن ‘ـﺮدﻩ زﻣـﺎن8 ،وﻩ دﻩﰷ :ﻗـﻮرÈـﺎن ﻧـﻮﺳـﻪرﻩوzـﮏ ﺑـ.ـﮋێ :ﻓـﻮم و ﺛـﻮم
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farmûgiyasî (diaﻓـﻪرﻣـﻮ ـﮔﻴـﻪﳻ ;> khâyândin to spend timeـﺎ €ـﻧ ﺪن ezhin they say:ـﺋ.ـﮋن zândrân to be figزاﻧـــﺪران ; matał riddleﻣـــﻪﺗـــﻪڵ ;€ yânî that meansﱏ ;’lect) ‘he has saidured out.
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; dirkândin to discloseدرﰷﻧ ـﺪن ; ba kurtî in briefﺑ ـﻪ ‘ ـﻮرﰏ ; zhînâma biographyژﯾ ـﻨ ـﺎﻣ ـﻪ
sad.ﺳﻪد = satﺻﻪت ; nûsar writerﻧﻮوﺳﻪر ; hâtinà dinyâ to be bornﻫﺎﺗﻨﻪ دﻧﻴﺎ
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bîstin toﺑـRـﺴـﱳ ; malâ mulla, clericﻣـﻪﻻ ; dirust correctدروﺳـﺖ ; jwân fine, niceﺟـﻮان
ﻋ ـﻴ ـﺒ ـﺎرﻩت ; kteb bookﮐ ـﺘ ـ .ـﺐ ;) in Persianﻓ ـﺮﻣ ـﻮدن farmûn to say (used likeﻓ ـﻪرﻣ ـﻮون ;hear
tāra Khānī ilā rabbihi (Ar.) “Khani flew to hisﻃــــﺎر >ــــﺎﱏ اﱃ رﺑــــﻪ ;‘îbârat expression
abjad the system of assigning numerical values to the letters of theﺋـــــــﻪﲜـــــــﻪد ;”lord
alphabet; A.H. 1119 = A.D. 1707–8.
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hondin toﻫـﯚﻧـﺪن ;c nâdir rareدر ; lîzga beadﻟـﲒﮔـﻪ ; hîch nabe if nothing elseـﻫﻴـﭻ ـﻧ ﻪb
ـــﻪ ;string
kho râ-nânﺧـﯚ راcن 8ﺑـﻪراﻣyــﻪر …دا ; Nîzâmî see p. 91ﻧـﲒاﻣـﯽ ; penjîna quintetﭘ.ـــ•ﺠﻴﻨ
humedﻫـــﻮﻣـــgـــﺪ ;) boř-dân to beat (at a gameﺑـــﯚڕ دان ;la barâmbar …dâ to stand up to
ﮔـﯚﺷـﻪ ; dîsh anotherدIـﺶ ; wa dî hâtin to come trueوﻩ دی ﻫـﺎoـﻦ ;> khawn dreamـﻪون ;hope
ﺑـﻪ ﺗـﻪﻣـﺎی ﺧـﻮا ; gash happyﮔـﻪش ; pitir moreﭘـﱰ ; farâmoshî oblivionﻓـﻪراﻣـﯚﳽ ;gosha corner
ba tamâ i khwâ God willing.
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READINGS
ﻫ ـﻪردو‘ ـﻴ ـﺎن ﺳ ـﲑن .ﻣ ـﻦ ™8ت ﻓ ـﻮم 8ﻗ ـﻮر Èـﺎﻧ ـﺪا ﺛ ـﻮﱈ ﻧ ـﻮﳻ .ﭼ ـﻮ ³ـﮑ ـﻪ 8ﺳ ـﻪر زار
ﺳﻮﮐﱰﻩ!!؟
™ ﮐـ‚ دﻩﺗـﻮا œﺷـﻪر kﰷ و\8 ،ـﻦ وﺷـﻪﯾـﻪﰽ وﻩک زﻩ™ن ﺑ.Ÿـــﻦ زﻩ™ن 8ﻓـﺎرﺳ,ﻴـــﺪا
زﻣـﺎﱏ ‘ـﻮردی ﺧـﯚﻣـﺎﻧـﻪ bc .ﻓـﻪرﻣـﺎ ـIﺸ,ــﱴ >ـﺎﱏ ﺑـﻪ ـﻫﻴـﭻ ﺟـﯚر دﻩﺳـﲀری ـ\ﮑـﺮێ ،ﭼـﯚن
ﺑـﯚﮔـﻪ ﻫـﻪروا ـﲟ{ـ ،xﭼـﻮ ـ³ﮑـﻪ ﻣـﻪم و زﯾـﲎ >ـﺎﱏ -ـﺗﺮـﻮﰽ ﭘـﲑۆزی ‘ـﻮردﻩ… دﻩ bﻫـﻪروا
دﻩﺳﺖﻧﻪﺧﻮردﻩ را\ﮕﲑێ…
ﺑـﻪ ﭘ{ــ¬ﯽ ﺗـﻮا cوﺷـﻪ و رﺳ,ﺘـــﻪ Èـﺎرﻩﺑﻴــﻪﰷن و ،ﻓـﺎرﺳ,ﻴـــﻪﰷن و ،زاراوﻩی ﺧـﻮاﭘـﻪرﺳ,ﺘـــﺎﻧـﻪم
وﺷـﻪ 8ﺑـﻪراﻧﺒــﻪر وﺷـﻪ ،ﺑـﻪ bﻫﻴــﭻ زۆر ــﻟ{ﮑـﺪاﻧـﻪوﻩ و درzـﮋدان ،ﺑـﻪ ‘ـﻮردی ﻣـﺎ‘ cـﺮدوﻩ و،
ﭘ.ﺸﮑـﻪش دﻩﮐـﻪم .ﻣـﻦ ﺧـﯚم
دﻩﮔـﻪڵ وﻩرﮔ.ــ½اوﻩﮐـﻪﻣـﺪا ﺑـﻪو ‘ـﻮرداﻧـﻪی ﮐـﻪ ﺋـﻪﭬ)ﻨـــﺪاری ﺋـﺎزادtـﻦ ــ ـ
ــــﲑ 8ﺳـﻪرﯾـﻪﰏ :ﺑـﯚ ﻣـﻮﻓـﻪڕک ﻧـﻮﲯـﻪﯾـﻪﰽ 8ﻻ
8ﺳـﻪر ﺋـﻪو ™وﻩڕﻩم ﻫـﻪﻣـﻮ ‘ـﻮرد ـzﮑـﯽ رۆﺷ,ﻨÿ
ﻫـﻪ ،bدﻩ ﺑـﻪرﮔـﯽ ﻣـﻪﲬـﻪری ـ\ﮕـﺮێ ،ﺑﻴــﲀﺗـﻪ ﻧـﻮﺷ,ﺘـــﻪی ﺳـﻪر دZـﯽ ،ﻣـﺎﭼـﯽ ﰷ و ﻫـﺎcی ﭘـ¬‚
ﺑﻪرێ ،دوÈﺎﯾﻪﰽ ﺑﻪ>.ﺮIﺶ \ﲀ ﺑﯚ ﻫﻪژار.
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ﻣـــﻪoـــﻦ ;’ zabâni &c. ‘we have rendered [the word] zabân in the text as zimânزﻩ™ﱏ
8 l’ awa dakâ ‘he does this for the folوﻩ دﻩﰷ ; zimân tongue, languageزﻣـــﺎن ;matn textﻓــﻮم ;) bezhe he may say (a dialectal formﺑــ.ــﮋێ ; qur‘ân KoranﻗــﻮرÈــﺎن ;’lowing reason
™8 labât insteadت ; sîr garlicﺳــﲑ ; thūm are variants for ‘garlic’ in Arabicﺛــﻮم fūm and
sûk light.ﺳﻮوک ; 8 la sar zâr on the tongueﺳﻪر زار ;of
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ﺑـﯚﮔـﻪ ; daskârî-kirân to be tampered withدﻩﺳـﲀری ‘ـﺮان ; farmâyisht speechﻓـﻪرﻣـﺎ ـIﺸـﺖ
pîroz auspiﭘـﲑۆز ;- pirtuk pieceـﺗﺮـﻮک ;boga smelly vegetation that animals will not eat dastnakhurda untouched.دﻩﺳﺖﻧﻪﺧﻮردﻩ ;cious
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ba be hîch withﺑـﻪ bـﻫﻴـﭻ ; khwâparist God-fearingﺧـﻮاﭘـﻪرﺳـﺖ ; zârâwa dialectزاراوﻩﭬ)ﻨـﺪار ; zor lek-dânawa to over-interpretزۆر ـﻟ{ـﮏ دا ـﻧ ﻪوﻩ ;out any
ﺋـﺎزادی ; avîndâr loverﺋـﻪ ـ ـ
roshinbîr inرۆﺷ ,ــﻨـÿـﲑ ; peshkash-kirdin ba to offer toﭘـ.ـﺸـﮑـﻪش ‘ـﺮدن ﺑـﻪ ;âzâdî freedom daدﻩ ﺑـﻪرگ ﮔـﺮoـﻦ barg cover:ﺑـﻪرگ ; bo mufařik for auspiciousnessﺑـﯚ ﻣـﻮﻓـﻪڕک ;tellectual
ﺷ,ﺘـﻪ ; makhmar velvetﻣـﻪﲬـﻪر ;barg girtin to wrap in a cover
ﻣـﺎچ ; nivishta inscriptionﻧـﻮ ــ
pe-birdin to find one’s way to, to bringـﭘ{ـﱪدن ; hânâ thusﻫـﺎ‘ mâch-kirdin to kiss; cـﺮدن
du‘â i bakher kirdin bo to offer a prayer of well-beingدوÈـﺎی ﺑـﻪ>ـ.ـﺮ ‘ـﺮدن ﺑـﯚ ;oneself to
for.
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—زﻣﺎﱏ رۆژcﻣﻪﻧﻮوﳻ و ﻣ)ﺪ—€
)q (١١ﻮردﺳﺎت
ﺑـﻪرcﻣـﻪى »ﺑûــﺮﺳـﻪ« :ﺋـﻪم ﺑـﻪرcﻣـﻪﯾـﻪ ﺗـﻪر>ـﺎﻧـﻪ ﺑـﯚ -ـﺮﺳ,ﻴـــﺎرى ﺑ•Rـــﻪرﻩﰷﱏ ﺧـﯚى دﻩر™رى
ﺷ,ﻨـﻪﰷﱏ وﻩك ـﻣ.ـﮋوو ،ﻓـﻪرﻫـﻪ³ـﮓ و ـﮔﺸـﺖ ﻻﭘـﻪڕﻩ ﺟـﯚراوﺟـﯚرﻩﰷﱏ
™ﺑـﻪﺗـﻪ ﻫـﻪﻣـﻪ /ـﻪ ــ
qﻮردﺳ,ﺘﺎن و qﻮردﻩوارى 8ﺋ.ﺴ,ﺘﺎ و را\ﺮدوودا.
ﺑ•Rـــﻪران 8ر ـzﮕـﻪى ﻓـqwـﺲ و ﺋ)ـــﻤـﻪﯾـ•وﻩ ﺋـﻪو ™ﺑـﻪﺗـﻪى ﻛـﻪ ﺧـﻮاﺳ)£ـــﺎﻧـﻪ دﻩ ـtﻜـﻪﻧـﻪ -ـﺮﺳـ,ﻴــﺎر
ﺴ,ﭙـﯚرﻩوﻩ و ﺑـﻪ ـêﺸـﺖ ﺑـﻪﺳـﱳ ﺑـﻪ و ـeﻨـﻪ وﻩmﻣـﻪﰷﱏ
و 8ﺑـﻪرcﻣـﻪﻛـﻪوﻩ 8ﻻﯾـﻪن ﻛـﻪﳻ êـ ــ
ـــﻪران دﻩqـﺮێ.
ﺧـﯚ€ن دﻩﺑﻴــﲍ .ﺳـﻪرﺋـﻪﳒـﺎم 8ﻣـﻪوداى وﻩmﻣـﻪﰷﻧـﻪوﻩ ﺧـﺰﻣـﻪت ﺑـﻪ زاﻧﻴــﺎرى ﺑ•R
ﺋﻪﻣﻪ ﺟﮕﻪ 8وﻩى ﺑﻪرcﻣﻪﻛﻪ دﻩﺑ±.ﻪ ﺗﯚﻣﺎرzﲃ ™ش ﺑﯚ زۆر ™ﺑﻪت و روداو.
ﺗـﻪوﻩرى دوﻩﱉ ﺋـﻪم ﺑـﻪرcﻣـﻪﯾـﻪ ﺗـﻪر>ـﺎﻧـﻪ ﺑـﻪ ™ ـ³ﮕـﻪواز و ﺳـﯚراخ qـﺮدﱏ ﺋـﻪو ﻛـﻪﺳـﺎﻧـﻪى
ﻛـﻪ 8رۆژﮔـﺎرﻩ ﺟـﯚر ﺑـﻪ ﺟـﯚرﻩﰷﻧـﺪا bﺳـﯚراخ ﺑـﻮن و 8ﻛـﻪﺳـﻮﰷر€ن دا\ـ½اون8 ،م روﻩوﻩ
ﺟﮕﻪ 8ﻫﻪوZﻪﰷن ﺋﻪﳒﺎﱉ ™ﺷRﴙ ﻫﻪﺑﻮﻩ.
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ﺳ,ﻴـﺎﳻ ﻫـﻪﻓ±ــﺎﻧـﻪﯾـﻪ .رۆژاﱏ دووﺷـﻪﳑـﻪ 8ﻛـﻪZcـﻰ
»ﺑـﻪرcﻣـﻪى دﯾـﺪار« :ﺑـﻪرcﻣـﻪﯾـﻪﰽ ــ
http://www.kurdsat.tv/content.htm 8 ١هوﻩ وﻩرﮔﲑاوﻩ.
ﺳ,ﻴـﺎر ; tarkhân bo devoted toﺗـﻪر>ـﺎن ﺑـﯚ ; barnâma programﺑـﻪرcﻣـﻪ
;- pirsyâr questionـﺮ ــ
hamaﻫ ـﻪﻣ ـﻪ /ـﻪﺷ ـ ,ـﻨ ـﻪ ;™ bâbat subjectﺑ ـﻪت ; darbâr i aboutﺑ ـﻪر™ری ; bînar viewerﺑ ـ Rـ• ـﻪر; lâpařa pageﻻﭘـﻪڕﻩ ; gisht publicﮔـﺸـﺖ ; farhang cultureﻓـﻪرﻫـﻪ³ـﮓ ;chashna of all sorts
râbirdû past.را\ﺮدوو ;‘ kurdawârî Kurdishnessﻮردﻩواری ; jorâwjor variousﺟﯚراﺟﯚر
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8ﻻtـﻦ …هوﻩ ; îmayl e-mailـﺋ) ـﻤـﻪﯾـﻞ ; fâks faxﻓـ‘wـﺲ ; 8 la regâ i …awa viaر ـzﮕـﺎی …هوﻩ
êﺴ,ﭙـﯚر ;la lâyan …awa by
و ـeﻨـﻪ ; pisht bastin ba to click onـêﺸـﺖ ﺑـﻪﺳـﱳ ﺑـﻪ ; pispor expertـ ــ
ﺧــــﺰﻣــــﻪت ; 8 la mawdâ i …awa throughﻣــــﻪودای …هوﻩ ; wałâm replyوﻩmم ;wena image
ﺟﮕـﻪ 8وﻩی ; zânyârî knowledgeزا ـﻧﻴـﺎری ;khizmat service
jiga l' awaî in additional to theـ
tomâr record.ﺗﯚﻣﺎر ;fact that
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³™ bângawâz request forـﮕـﻪواز ; dûham secondدووﻫـﻪم = duamدوﻩم ; tawar aimﺗـﻪوﻩر
rozhgâr aرۆژﮔـــﺎرﻩ ﺟـــﯚرﺑـــﻪﺟـــﻮرﻩﰷن ; sorâkh-kirdin to search forﺳـــﯚراخ ‘ـــﺮدن ;assistance
kasukâr kinﮐـﻪﺳـﻮﰷر ; besorâkh lostﺑـ.ـﺴـﯚراخ ;jorbajorakân the vicissitudes of fortuneﺟﮕـﻪ 8 l’ am ruawa in this way; 8م روﻩوﻩ ; dâ-biřrân la to be cut off fromدا\ـ½ان folks; 8
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jiga la without.
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READINGS
ﭘ.ﺸﻜـﻪش دﻩqـﺮeـﺖ» .دﯾـﺪار« ﻫـﻪر ﻫـﻪ ـﻓ±ـﻪﯾـﻪ و ـﻣgـﻮاﻧـﺪارى
qـﻮردﺳـﺎﺗـﻪوﻩ را ــ
ﺳ,ﺘـﻪوﺧـﯚ ـ ـ ـ
ﺳـ,ﻴــﺎﺳـﻪﲤـﻪدارzـﲃ qـﻮرد دﻩﰷت و 8ﮔـﻪZﻴــﺪا ﺳـﻪ™رﻩت ﺑـﻪ ﯾـﻪﻛ{ــﻚ ™ 8س و ™ﺑـﻪﺗـﻪﰷﱏ رۆژ
وﺗـﻮوzـﮋ دﻩﰷت .ﺑـﻪ `ﯾـﺒـﻪﰏ ﺋـﻪو ™س و ™ﺑـﻪ`ﻧـﻪى راﺳـ,ـﺘـﻪوﺧـﯚ €ن cراﺳـ,ـﺘـﻪوﺧـﯚ
ﭘﻪﯾﻮﻩﻧﺪى€ن ﺑﻪ qﻮردﻩوﻩ ﻫﻪﯾﻪ.
ﻟﻴﻜـﱰۆﱏ
ـ ـﺑ•Rـﻪراﱏ qـﻮردﺳـﺎت دﻩﺗـﻮا³ـﻦ ﺑـﻪ ﺗـﻪ8ﻓـﯚن€ ،ن ﻓـqwـﺲ €ن ﭘـﯚﺳ,ــﱴ ﺋـﻪ ـ ـ
ﺳ,ﺘـﻪى ـﻣgـﻮاﱏ »دﯾـﺪار« ـ\ﻜـﻪن €ﺧـﻮد را و
ﺳ,ﻴـﺎرﻩﰷ ـﻧﻴـﺎن ﺋـﺎرا ــ
ﺑـﻪﺷـﺪارى ـ\ﻜـﻪن و -ـﺮ ــ
ﺑـﯚﭼـﻮوﱏ ﺧـﯚ€ن ﺑـŸـ.ـﻦ .ﺑـﻪرcﻣـﻪى »دﯾـﺪار« 8ﺋـﺎﻣـﺎدﻩ qـﺮدن و ﭘـ.ـﺸـﻜـﻪش qـﺮدﱏ
رۆژcﻣﻪﻧﻮوس ﺋﺎزاد ﺻﺪﯾﻖ ﳏﻪﻣﻪدﻩ.
·ورۆژـﻪ« :زـﯾﻨـﺪوو qـﺮدﻧـﻪوﻩى ﺑـﻪ ـZﮕـﻪ Éـﺎﺷـﺎ ﻫـﻪ ـZﻨـﻪﮔـﺮاﻧـﻪى دﻩ ـﺑﻨـﻪ ﺷـﺎ ـﻫﻴـﺪى
ﻧ
»ﻛـ
راﺳ,ﺘﻪﻗ)ﻨﻪ 8ﺳﻪر ﺋﻪو Éﻪﻗ)ﻘﻪﺗﻪى ﻫﻪزاران ﺳﺎZﻪ ﺋ.ﺮﻩ ﻧRﺸ!,ﱏ qﻮرد ﺑﻮوﻩ.
êﺸﻜ•ــﲔ و ﺧـﺴ•£ـــﻪ رووى ﺋـﻪو cو/ـﻪ ﺷـﻮeﻨــﻪوارﯾـﻪ دzـﺮﯾﻨــﺎﻧـﻪى qـﻮردﺳـ,ﺘــﺎن و
ﮔـﻪڕان و ـ ـ
ووردﺑـﻮوﻧـﻪوﻩ و ــﻟ{ﻜـﯚﻟـﻴﻨــﻪوﻩ دﻩر™رﻩ€ن ﺑـﻪ راوzـﮋ 8ﮔـﻪڵ êـﺴـ,ﭙــﯚران و ﺷـﺎرﻩزا€ﱏ زا›ـﺴ,ـﱴ
ﺋﺎرﻛﯚﻟﯚژ.€
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dûدووﺷـﻪﳑـﻪ ; haftâna weeklyﻫـﻪﻓـ±ـﺎﻧـﻪ ; siyâsî politicalﺳ ,ــﻴـﺎﳻ ; dîdâr interviewدﯾـﺪارﺳ,ﺘـﻪوﺧـﯚ ; kanâł channelﮐـﻪcڵ ;shamma Monday
ﭘ.ﺸﮑـﻪش ‘ـﺮان ; râstawkho directرا ــ
peshــ ـ; mewândâr-kirdin to hostﻣـgـﻮاﻧـﺪار ‘ـﺮدن ; hafta weekﻫـﻪﻓـ±ـﻪ ;kash-kirân to be presented
wituوﺗـﻮوzـﮋ ‘ـﺮدن ; sabârat ba concerningﺳـﻪ™رﻩت ﺑـﻪ ; siyâsatmadâr politicianﺳـ,ﻴــﺎﺳـﻪﲤـﻪدار pewand ba connecﭘ{ــﻮﻩﻧـﺪ ﺑـﻪ ;)c nârâstawkho indirect(lyراﺳـ,ﺘــﻪوﺧـﯚ ;wezh-kirdin to speaktion to.
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ﺑـﻪﺷـﺪاری ; post i alîktronî electronic mailﭘـﯚﺳ,ــﱴ ﺋـﻪ ـ ـﻟﻴﮑـﱰۆﱏ ; talafon telephoneﺗـﻪ8ﻓـﯚن
; mewân guestﻣـgـﻮان ; ârâsta i to, towardﺋـﺎراﺳـ,ـﺘـﻪی ;‘ bashdârî-kirdin to participateـﺮدن
rozhnâmanûs jourرۆژcﻣــﻪﻧــﻮوس ; bochûn opinionﺑــﯚﭼــﻮون ; râ viewرا ;€ yâkhud orﺧــﻮدnalist.
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·ورۆژ ﻪ
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ﺑـﻪ ـZﮕـﻪ ; zîndûkirdinawa bringing to lifeزـﯾﻨـﺪوو‘ـﺮد ـﻧ ﻪوﻩ ; kiłâwrozhina skylightﮐـ
; shâhîd witnessﺷــﺎﻫــﻴــﺪ ;É ḥâshâhałnagir indisputableــﺎﺷــﺎﻫــﻪZــﻨــﻪﮔــﺮ ;bałga document
; nîshtmân dwelling placeﻧـRـﺸـ,ـ!ن ;É ḥaqîqat truthـﻪﻗـ)ـﻘـﺖ ; râstaqîn truthfulراﺳـ,ـﺘـﻪﻗـﲔ
;c nâwcha regionو/ـﻪ ; khistinà rû to unearthﺧـﺴـ£ـ•ـﻪ روو ;ê pishkinîn to examineـﺸـﮑـ•ـﲔ
wirdbûnawa invesوردﺑـﻮوﻧـﻪوﻩ ; derîn ancientدzـﺮtـﻦ ; shwenawârî monumentalﺷـﻮ ـeﻨـﻪواریﻟﻴﻨـﻪوﻩ ;tigation
êﺴ,ﭙـﯚر ; râwezh conversationراوzـﮋ ; lekolînawa researchـ ـﻟ{ﮑـﯚ ـ ـ
pispor exـ ــ ârkoloﺋـﺎرﮐـﯚﻟـﯚژ zânist field of knowledge; €زا ـ›ﺴـﺖ ; shârazâ knowledgeableﺷـﺎرﻩزا ;pertzhiyâ archaeology.
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·ورۆژـﻪ« ﺑـﻪ ﺧـﻮاﺳ,ـﱴ ﺑـﻪزﯾﻨــﺪوو ﻫ.ــﺸ•£ـــﻪوﻩى ﺷـﻮeﻨــﻪوار و ﺋـﺎﺳـﻪوارى ﻣ)ﻠـــ•ﰏ
»ﻛـ ﻧ
qـﻮرد ﰷر دﻩﰷت و ﻫـﻪوڵ دﻩدات ﺳـﻪرﳒـﻰ >ـﻪZـﻚ ﺑـﻪرﻩو ﺋـﻪو ﺑـﻪﺷـﻪ ﮔـﺮـ³ﮕـﻪى ـﻣ.ـﮋوو
را ـ\ﻜــ.ﺸ.ــﺖ ﺑـﻪ ﻣـﻪﺑـﻪﺳ,ـﱴ ﺳـﻪر 8ﻧـﻮێ ﺑ*)ـــﺎﺗﻨــﺎﻧـﻪوﻩ و ﭘـﺎرzـﺰﮔـﺎرى qـﺮدن 8وﻩى ﻣـﺎوﻩ ﭼـﻮـ³ﻜـﻪ
ﺋﻪو ﺑﻪZﮕﺎﻧﻪ ﻫ{ﻨﺪﻩ زﯾﻨﺪوون ،ﭘ{ﻮIﺴ)£ﺎن ﺑﻪ ﯾﻪك ﻻq 7ﺮدﻧﻪوﻩ ﱏﯾﻪ.
·ورۆژـﻪ« 8ﻫـﻪﻣـﻮو ﺑـﻪﺷـﻪﰷﱏ ﻧRــﺸ,ـ!ﱏ qـﻮرددا دﻩﮔـﻪڕێ `qـﻮ دﻩ ـ³ﮕgــﻚ 8ﺳـﻪر
»ﻛـ ﻧ
ﺋـﻪو را\ـﺮدووﻩ -ـ½ 8ﺳـﻪروﻩرﯾـﻪى qـﻮرد ﻛـﯚ \ـﲀﺗـﻪوﻩ .رۆژﮔـﺎرeـﻚ دﻩcﺳـ.ـ xﻛـﻪ qـﻮرد
دﻩﺳـﻪmﰏ ﺑـﻪﻫ.ــﺰى cو/ـﻪﻛـﻪ ﺑـﻮون و ﺋـﺎtـﻦ و ﻛـﻪ ـﻟﺘـﻮر و رۆﻣـﺎﱏ ﯾـﻪ ـﻛﮕـﺗﺮـﻮ€ن ﻫـﻪﺑـﻮوﻩ و
ژ€ندۆﺳ,ﱴ ﮔﻪورﻩoﺮtﻦ درۆﴰﻴﺎن ﺑﻮوﻩ.
»ﺑـﻪرcﻣـﻪى ﺋـﻪﻧﻔــﺎل« :ﺋـﻪم ﺑـﻪرcﻣـﻪﯾـﻪ `ﯾﺒــﻪﺗـﻪ ﺑـﻪ ﮔـﻪﺷـﺖ و ﺑـﻪﺳـﻪرqـﺮدﻧـﻪوﻩى ﻫـﻪﻣـﻮو ﺋـﻪو
cو/ـﺎﻧـﻪى 8ﺳـﺎZـﻰ ١٩٨٨ـﺣﻜـﻮﻣـﻪﰏ .Èــﺮاق ﻫ.ــﺮﳽ ﺳـﻪر™زى ـﺗ{ـﺪا qـﺮدﻩ ﺳـﻪر qـﻮردﻩ
ﮔـﻮﻧـﺪ›ـﺸ•Rـــﻪﰷن و 8ﺋـwﰷﻣـﺎ ٤٥٠٠ﮔـﻮﻧـﺪى ﺳـﻮو`ﻧـﺪ و ١٢ﺷـﺎرۆ ـﭼﻜـﻪﳽ ﺗـﻪﺧـﱴ زﻩوى
qـﺮد و >ـﻪ ـZﻜـﻪﻛـﻪى زۆرﺑـﻪى bﺳـﻪر و ﺷـﻮzـﻦ qـﺮد ﻛـﻪ ﻣـﻪﻧزـﻪ دﻩqـﺮێ ﺑـﻪ ١٨٢ﻫـﻪزار ﻛـﻪس
ﺗـﻪﳖـﺎ /ـﻪﻧـﺪ ﻫـﻪزار ﭘـﲑﻩﻣ.ــﺮد و ﻣ•ــﺪاڵ 8و ﻫ.ــﺮﺷـﻪ رزﮔـﺎر€ن ﺑـﻮو ﻛـﻪ ﺋـﻪواﻧRــﺶ 8زﯾﻨــﺪاﻧـﻪﰷﱏ
ﻴﭽﻴـﺎن ™رى دﻩرووـﻧﻴـﺎن ﺋـﺎﺳـﺎﱙ ـﻧﻴـﻪ.
ـﺣﻜـﻮﻣـﻪﰏ ـ.Èـﺮاﻗـﺪا ﻫـ ـ{ﻨـﺪﻩ ﺋـﻪ ـ
ﺷﻜـﻪﳒـﻪ دراون ﻫـ ـ ـ
ﺑـﻪرcﻣـﻪى ﺋـﻪ ـﻧﻔـﺎ ـﻟRـﺶ /ـﺎو ـ ـﭘ{ﻜـﻪوoـﻦ 8ﮔـﻪڵ ﺋـﻪو رزﮔـﺎر ﺑـﻮاﻧـﻪدا دﻩﰷت ` 8ر ـzﮕـﺎ€ﻧـﻪوﻩ
ﺷ,ﻴﭭـﻰ ﺗـﯚﻣـﺎر \ـﲀت ـﺟﮕـﻪ 8وﻩى ﻫـﻪر 8
ﻗـﯚ«cـﻪﰷﱏ ﺋـﻪ ـﻧﻔـﺎل وﻩك /ـﻪﻧـﺪ ﺑـﻪرcﻣـﻪﯾـﻪﰽ ﺋـﻪر ـــ
رێى ﺋـﻪم ﺑـﻪرcﻣـﻪﯾـﻪوﻩ دراﺳـﻪى ورد دﻩqـﺮێ و ﻫـﻪوڵ دﻩدرێ ﺋـﻪو راﺳ)£ـــﺎﻧـﻪ ـÌﺴـﻪ ـZﻤ{ــﲊێ
ﻛـﻪ qـﺮدﻩ ﺳـﻪر™زﯾـﻪﰷﱏ ﺋـﻪﻧﻔــﺎل qـﺮدﻩﯾـﻪﰽ ﺟ)ﻨـــﯚﺳـﺎﯾـﺪى ﻫ.ــﺰﻩﰷﱏ ـﺣﻜـﻮﻣـﻪﰏ .Èــﺮاق ﺑـﻮوﻩ ﺑـﯚ
١
٢
١
; ba zîndû heshtinawa to bring back to lifeﺑـﻪ زﯾﻨــﺪوو ﻫــ.ﺸ•£ـــﻪوﻩ ; khwâst requestﺧـﻮاﺳـﺖ
sarinj râﺳ ـﻪرﱋ رÐﮐ ـ .ـﺸ ـﺎن ﺑ ـﻪرﻩو ; millat nationﻣ ـﻠ ـ•ت ; shwenawâr monumentﺷ ـﻮ eـﻨ ـﻪوار giring imporﮔــﺮ³ــﮓ ; bash portion, partﺑــﻪش ;keshân baraw to attract the attention toـــﺎت cﻧـﻪوﻩ ; sar la nwe anewﺳـﻪر 8ﻧـﻮێ ; mabast goal, aimﻣـﻪﺑـﻪﺳـﺖ ;tant
binyât-nânawaﺑ*)
ba yekﺑـﻪ ﯾـﻪک ﻻﯾـﻪ ‘ـﺮدﻧـﻪوﻩ ; pârezgârî-kirdin to protectﭘـﺎرzـﺰﮔـﺎری ‘ـﺮدن ;to relay a foundation
lâyè kirdinawa to ignore.
٢
ko-kirdinawaﮐـﯚ ‘ـﻮدﻧـﻪوﻩ ; sarwarî leadershipﺳـﻪروﻩری ;)‘` tâku in order that (+ subj.ـﻮ
ﺳ.ـﻦ( ;to gather together
dasałâtدﻩﺳـﻪmت ;c nâsândin (nâsen-) to make knownﺳـﺎﻧـﺪن ) cـ
românرۆﻣ ـﺎن ; kaltur cultureﮐ ـﻪﻟ ـﺘ ـﻮر ; âyin religionﺋ ـﺎ tـﻦ ; bahez strongﺑ ـﻪﻫ ـ .ـﺰ ;authority
droshm distinدرۆﴌ ; zhyândostî love of lifeژ€ﻧـﺪۆﺳ,ـﱴ ; yekgirtû unifiedﯾـﻪ ـﮐﮕـﺗﺮـﻮو ;storyguishing feature.
158
READINGS
ﺸﻜـﻪش.ﭘ
ـﻚ رۆژاﱏ ﭼـﻮارﺷـﻪﳑـﻪ ـ ـ ـeـﻪ <ـﺎر±ﻣـﻪﯾـﻪ دوو ﻫـﻪ ـﻓc ﺋـﻪم ﺑـﻪر.ـﻮردﻩﰷنq ﺳـﻪر
.ﺖeﺮqدﻩ
١
( >ﻪ™ت١٢)
(ﺘﺎﻧﻪ, ﺋﯚرﮔﺎﱏ ﭘﺎرﰏ دﳝﻮ‘ﺮاﰏ ‘ﻮردﺳ.ﻴﺎﳻ رۆژاﻧﻪﯾﻪ,ﻣﻪﯾﻪﰽ ﺳc)رۆژ
ی ﳏﺮم١٨ ،ی ‘ﻮردی٢٧٠٤ ‚ رﻩﺷﻪﻣ٨ ،٢٠٠٥ ی ﺷﻮ™ت٢٧ )ﯾﻪکﺷﻪﳑﻪ
(ک١٤٢٦
«ﺮاﰵ دﻩﰷت.È ﺴﻼﻣﲕR ﺳﻪرﻩﰽ ﺣﺰﰉ ﺋ8 ﺸﻮازی.»ﺳﻪرۆک ™رزاﱏ ﭘ
ـﻪﺑـﺪوﳊـﻪÈ ـﺰ ﻣـﻮ ـﺣﺴـﲔz ﺑـﻪڕ8 ﺸـﻮازﱙ.ـﻦ ــﭘtـﻪدÉ ﺳـﻪﻻ8 ﺷـﻪﳑـﻪ ﺳـﻪرۆک ™رزاﱏxـeدو
د€ ﺋـﻪ. د8 وﻩری ‘ـﺮد ﮐـﻪ ــﭘ{ﮑﻬــﺎﺗﺒــﻮو€ ﮑـﯽzــﺮاﰵ و ﺷـﺎﻧـﺪ ـ.È ﺴـﻼﻣـﲕR ﺳـﻪرﻩﰽ ﺣـﺰﰉ ــﺋ،ﻣ)ــﺪ
.ر ﳏﻪﻣﻪد ﻓﺎزڵ ﺳﺎﻣﻪراﱙ€ﺳﺎﻣﻪراﱙ و ﺋﻪﻧﺪاز
٢
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ﺋـــﻪﻧـــﻔـــﺎلanfâl Anfal, the the Iraqi campaign against the Kurds in 1988; `ﯾـــﺒـــﻪت ﺑـــﻪ
tâybat ba devoted to; ﮔـﻪﺷـﺖgasht tour; ﺑـﻪﺳـﻪر‘ـﺮدﻧـﻪوﻩbasarkirdinawa visit; ﺣـﮑـﻮوﻣـﻪت
ḥikûmat government; ـﺮاق.ـÈ ‘Erâq Iraq; ـﺮش ‘ـﺮدﻧـﻪ ﺳـﻪر. ﻫـherish-kirdinà sar to make an
attack on; ﺳـﻪر™زیsarbâzî military; ﮔـﻮﻧـﺪ ـ›ﺸـﲔgundnishîn villager; ﰷﻣـﺎw ﺋـ8 la âkâm’â as
a result; ﺳـﻮو`ﻧـﺪنsûtândin to burn; ﺷـﺎرۆﭼـﮑـﻪshârochka town; ﺗـﻪﺧـﱴ زﻩوی ‘ـﺮدنtakht i
zawî kirdin to flatten to the ground; ـﻦz ـﺴ ـﻪروﺷ ـﻮ. ﺑ ـbesar-u-shwen homeless; ﻣ ـﻪﻧز ـﻪ ‘ ـﺮان
mazina-kirân to be estimated; ــﺮد. ﭘـﲑﻩﻣpîramerd old man; ﺷﮑـﻪﳒـﻪ دران
ﺋـﻪ ـashkanja-dirân
to be tortured; ﮔـﻪڵ …دا8 ـﻦ ‘ـﺮدنoﭘ{ﮑـﻪو
ـﺎو ــ/ châwpekawtin-kirdin lagał …dâ to visit with;
غc ﻗـﯚqonâgh historical event; ــﻴـﭭـﯽ, ﺋـﻪرﺷarshîvî archival; ﺗـﯚﻣـﺎر ‘ـﺮدنtomâr-kirdin to record; دراﺳــــﻪ ‘ــــﺮانdirâsa-kirân to be studied; وردwird minute, exact; ﻫــــﻪوڵ درانhawłdirân to be attempted; ــﱴ, راﺳrâstî truth; ـﲈﻧـﺪنZ ﺳـﻪsałmândin to prove; ‘ـﺮدﻩkirda deed;
ﺟ)ﻨﯚﺳﺎﯾﺪjînosâyd genocide; ﭼﻮارﺷﻪﳑﻪchwârshamma Wednesday.
٢
>ـﻪ™تkhabât struggle; ﻣـﻪc رۆژrozhnâma newspaper; ــﻴـﺎﳻ, ﺳsiyâsî political; رۆژاﻧـﻪ
rozhâna daily; ﺋـﯚرﮔـﺎنorgân organ; ــﺘـﺎن, ﭘـﺎرﰏ دﳝـﻮ‘ـﺮاﰏ ‘ـﻮردﺳpârtî i dîmukrât i kurdistân
Kurdistan Democratic Party (KDP); ﯾـﻪکﺷـﻪﳑـﻪyekshamma Sunday; ﺷـﻮ™تshubât February; ﺳـﻪرۆکsarok leader; ـﻦtـﻪدÉ ﺳـﻪﻻSalâḥadîn Salahuddin, a small town northeast
of Arbil; ﺸـﻮازی ‘ـﺮدنRﭘ
ــpeshwâzî-kirdin to receive; ﺳـﻪرﻩکsarak head; ﺣـﺰبḥizb party;
ﺴـﻼﻣـﯽR ــﺋîslâmî Islamic; ـﺰz ﺑـﻪرbarez respected, Mr.; ـﻪﺑـﺪوﳊـﻪﻣ)ــﺪÈ ﻣـﻮ ـﺣﺴـﲔMuḥsîn ‘Abdulhamîd Muhsin Abdulhamid; ﺷـﺎﻧـﺪshând delegation; وﻩر€ yâwar assisting; 8 ـﻦoﭘ{ﮑﻬــﺎ
ــpek
hâtin la to consist of; د ﺳــﺎﻣــﻪراﱙ€ ﺋــﻪ. دD. Ayâd Sâmarâî Dr. Ayad Samarrai; ر€ﺋــﻪﻧــﺪاز
andâzyâr engineer; ﳏ ـﻪﻣ ـﻪد ﻓ ـﺎزڵ ﺳ ـﺎﻣ ـﻪراﱙMiḥamad Fâził Sâmarâî Muhammad Fadhil
Samarrai.
159
SORANI KURDISH
8دﯾـﺪار ـzﮑـﯽ دۆﺳـ,ﺘــﺎﻧـﻪدا- ،ـﺮۆﺳـﻪی ﻫـﻪZـ>اردن .È 8ــﺮاق `وﺗـﻮ ـzﮑـﺮاو ﻫـﻪر دوو ﻻ ﺋـﻪ
ﳒـﺎﻣـﯽ ﻫـﻪZـ>اردﻧـﻪﰷﻧﻴــﺎن ﺑـﻪ ــﺋﻴ9ـﺎﰉ ³ـﺮ>ـﺎﻧـﺪ ،ﮐـﻪ رﻩﺗـﺪاﻧـﻪوﻩﯾـﻪﰽ ﮔـﻪﻻﱏ .Èــﺮاق ﺑـﻮو دژ ﺑـﻪ
ﺗﲑۆر و ﺗﲑۆرIﺴ,ﺘﺎن.
ﻫـﻪر 8دﯾـﺪارﻩﮐـﻪدا ،ﺑـﲑوڕا دﻩر™رﻩی ﻫـﻪ ـ³ﮕـﺎوﻩﰷﱏ ﺋـﺎﯾﻨــﺪﻩ و ﺋـﻪرﮐـﻪﰷﱏ ﺳـﻪر‘ـﺮداﯾـﻪ
ﰏ .Èــﺮاق 8ﻣـﺎوﻩی ﺋـﻪ ـﻣﺴـﺎZـﺪا ﺋـﺎZـﻮﮔـﯚڕ ‘ـﺮا و 8و رووﻩوﻩ دووﭘـﺎﰏ ﮔـﺮـ³ﮕـﯽ ﺑـﻪﺷـﺪارﺑـﻮوﱏ ﺋـﻪ
ﺳ,ﻴـﺎﺳ,ــﲕ .Èــﺮاق و
و ﻻﯾـﻪcﻧـﻪی ﮐـﻪ ﺑـﻪﺷـﺪارـﯾﻴـﺎن 8ﻫـﻪZـ>اردﻧـﺪا ﻧـﻪ‘ـﺮدﺑـﻮو - 8ـﺮۆﺳـﻪی ــ
ﻧﻮوﺳRﲎ دﻩﺳ,ﺘﻮور و ﮔﺸﺖ ﭘ{ﺪاوIﺴ,ﺘ)Rﻪﰷﱏ ﰷری ﻧRﺸ!,ﻧﲕ .Èﺮاﰵ ‘ﺮاﯾﻪوﻩ.
ﺳـﻪرۆک ™رزاﱏ ﺗـﻪ ـnﮑ)ــﺪی 8ﺳـﻪر ﭘ{ــﻮIـﺴ,ـﱴ ﺑـﻪردﻩواﻣyــﻮوﱏ ﺳـ,ﻴــﺎﺳـﻪﰏ ﺗـﻪواﻓـﻖ و ﯾـﻪ
ëﺨﺴ£ــﲎ رtـﺰﻩﰷﱏ ﻧRــﺸ,ـ!ﱏ و ﻣـﻪﺑـﺪﻩﰃ ﺑـﻪﺷـﺪارﺑـﻮوــﻧ{ﮑـﯽ ﻓـﺮاوان 8ﻻﯾـﻪن ـﮔﺸـﺖ ــﭘ{ﮑﻬــﺎﺗـﻪ و
ــ
ﻻﯾـﻪﻧـﻪ ﺳـ,ﻴــﺎﺳ)Rـــﻪﰷﱏ .Èــﺮاق ‘ـﺮدﻩوﻩ ﺑـﻪ ﺷـ{,ــﻮﻩﯾـﻪک ﮐـﻪ رﻩ ـ³ﮕـﺪاﻧـﻪوﻩی وـIﺴـﺖ و ﺋـﺎرﻩزووﻩ
ﰷﱏ ﺳﻪر<ﻪم ﮔﻪﻻﱏ .Èﺮاق ﺑ.ﺖ.
١
٢
٣
) (۱۳ﻧ{¤ﲑﭬﺎن ™رزاﱏ ﺑﯚ :The New Anatolian
»ﺋ{ﻤﻪ 8ﮔﻪڵ ﺋﻪ³ﮑﻪرﻩ 8ﻫﻪوZﯽ w/ﮐﮑﺮدﻧﻪوﻩی ﭘﻪرژﯾﻨﻪﰷﻧﲔ«
ﺳ•Rﮕـﻪی ﺧـﯚی 8ﻫـﻪ
ــﻧ{¤ـﲑﭬـﺎن ™رزاﱏ ،ﺳـﻪرۆﰽ ـﺣﮑـﻮﻣـﻪﰏ ﻫـﻪر ـeﻤـﯽ ‘ـﻮردﺳـ,ﺘــﺎن 8ﻧـﻮو ـــ
وﻟ.ــﺮ ﺑـﯚ رۆژcﻣـﻪی » «The New Anatolianدوا و دﻩZـ‚/ :ـﻪﻧـﺪ ﺑـﻪ ﻫـﻪZـﻪ ــﺗ{ﮕـﻪIـﺸ,ـﺘ*gـــﮏ
١
ﺳ,ﺘـﺎﻧـﻪ ; dîdâr meetingدﯾـﺪار
hałﻫـﻪZـ>اردن ;- pirosa processـﺮۆﺳـﻪ ; dostâna friendlyدۆ ــ îjâbîﺋ ـﻴ ـ 9ـﺎﰉ ; anjâm resultﺋ ـﻪﳒ ـﺎم ;` tâwtwekirâw sufferingوﺗ ـﻮ zـﮑ ـﺮاو ;bizhârdin election
dizhدژ ﺑـﻪ ; ratdânawa rousingرﻩﺗـﺪاﻧـﻪوﻩ ;³ nirkhândin ba to evaluate asـﺮ>ـﺎﻧـﺪن ﺑـﻪ ;positive
tîrorîst terrorist.ﺗﲑۆرIﺴﺖ ; tîror terrorﺗﲑۆر ;ba against
٢
âyindaﺋ ـﺎﯾ ـﻨ ـﺪﻩ ; hangâw stepﻫ ـﻪ ³ـﮕ ـﺎو ; bîruřâ darbâra i thinking aboutﺑ ـﲑوڕا دﻩر™رﻩی
âługoř kirân to beﺋـﺎZـﻮﮔـﯚڕ ‘ـﺮان ; sarkirdâyatî leadershipﺳـﻪر‘ـﺮداﯾـﻪﰏ ; ark dutyﺋـﻪرک ;future
bashﺑـﻪﺷـﺪارﺑـﻮون ; dûpât-kirânawa for a statement to be madeدووﭘـﺎت ‘ـﺮاﻧـﻪوﻩ ;changedﮔــﺸــﺖ ; dastûr constitutionدﻩﺳ ,ــــﺘــﻮور ; firâwân large-scaleﻓــﺮاوان ;dârbûn participation
nîshtmânî national.ﻧRﺸ!,ﱏ ; pedâwîstî necessityﭘ{ﺪاوIﺴ,ﱴ ;gisht public, general
٣
bardawâmbûn continuﺑـﻪردﻩواﻣyــﻮون ; ta’kîd-kirdinawa lasar to reaffirmﺗـﻪ ـnﮑ)ــﺪ ‘ـﺮدﻧـﻪوﻩـــﺎﺳـﻪت ;ation
yekkhistin unificaﯾـﻪ ـ ـëﺨﺴـﱳ ; tawâfiq co-operationﺗـﻪواﻓـﻖ ; siyâsat policyﺳ,ﻴ
رﻩ³ـﮕـﺪاﻧـﻪوﻩی … ; pekhâta agreementﭘـ{ـﮑـﻬـﺎﺗـﻪ ; mabda’ principleﻣـﻪﺑـﺪﻩء ; rîz rankرtـﺰ ;tion
ârazû asﺋـﺎرﻩزوو ; wîst willوIـﺴـﺖ ; rangdânawa i … bûn to be in accordance withﺑـﻮون sarjamgal community.ﺳﻪر<ﻪم ﮔﻪل ;piration
160
READINGS
8ﻧ{ــﻮان ﺋـﻪ³ـﲀرﻩ و ‘ـﻮرد ﻫـﻪﯾـﻪ ،ﮐـﻪ دﻩ bﻻﺑـﺪرzـﻦ .ﺋـﻪو 8ﻻی ﺧـﯚﯾـﻪوﻩ ﺋـﺎﻣـﺎدﻩی ﮔـﺮﺗﻨــﻪﺑـﻪ
ری ﻫﻪر رeﻮﺷﻮg*eﮑﻪ ﮐﻪ 8ﻣyﺎرﻩوﻩ ﭘ{ﻮIﺴﺖ ﺑ.ﺖ.
ﻫـﻪروﻩﻫـﺎ ﮔـﻮﰏ :ﺳـﻪر‘ـﺮدﻩﰷﱏ ‘ـﻮرد ﺑـﻪم دوا ـﯾﻴـﻪ 8ﻫـﻪوZـﯽ دۆزـﯾﻨـﻪوﻩی ر ـzﮕـﺎﯾـﻪک
ﺑـﻮون ﺑـﯚ دروﺳـــ,ﺘﮑـﺮدﱏ ﮐـﻪﺷـــ{,ﮑـﯽ ™8ر 8ﻧ{ــﻮان ‘ـﻮرد و ﺗـﻮر‘ﻴــﺎ ،ﺑـﻪmم ﺑـﻪ ﻫـﯚی ﻫـﻪZـﻮkـﺴ,ـﱴ
زۆر ــﻧ{ﮕـﻪﺗﻴﭭـــﯽ ﻣ)ــﺪ€ی ﺗـﻮرﰽ ـﺷﮑـﺴ,ـﱴ ﻫـ{ﻨــﺎ» ،ﻣ)ــﺪ€ی ﺗـﻮرﰽ وﻩک ﺑ{Ÿـــ¬ﯽ دﻩﯾـﻪوێ ﺷـﻪ
ڕzـﮏ 8ﻧ{ــﻮان ــﺋ{ﻤـﻪ و دﻩﺳـﻪmﺗـﺪاراﱏ ﺗـﻮر‘ﻴــﺎ ﺑـﻨ±.ـــﻪوﻩ ،ــﺋ{ﻤـﻪ ﺋـﻪوﻩﻣـﺎن cوێ ،ــﺋ{ﻤـﻪ ﺋـﺎﻣـﺎدﻩtـﻦ
öﻴﻨﻪ ﻫﻪﻣﻮو رzﮕﺎﯾﻪک ﺑﯚ w/ﮐﮑﺮدﻧﻪوﻩی ﭘﻪرژﯾﻨﻪﰷن«.
ــﻧ{¤ـﲑﭬـﺎن ™رزاﱏ دﻩZـ‚ :ﺋـﻪو ﺑـﻪر-ـﺮﺳـﺎﻧـﻪ 8ﮔـﻪڵ ﺋـﻪو وﻩﻓـﺪﻩی ﺗـﻮر‘ﻴــﺎ ™س دﻩﰷت ﮐـﻪ 8
رۆژاﱏ دادێ ﺳـﻪرداﱏ ﻫـﻪوﻟ.ــﺮ دﻩﮐـﻪن ،ﻫـﻪروﻩﻫـﺎ ﮔـﻮﰏ :ﺗـﻮرﮐـﲈن 8ﻫـﻪZـ>اردﻧـﻪﰷﱏ ﮐـﻪ
ر‘ـﻮوک ﻫــﻴﭽﻴــﺎن ﺑـﻪ دﻩﺳـﺖ ﻧـﻪﻫـ{ﻨــﺎ »ﺋـﻪﮔـﻪر ــﺋ{ﻤـﻪ 100ﻫـﻪزار دﻩ ـ³ﮕـﲈن 8ﮐـﻪر‘ـﻮوک ﺑـﻪ دﻩ
ﺳـ,ﳤـ{ﻨــﺎ™ﯾـﻪ ،ﺋـﻪو ﰷﺗـﻪ >ـﻪ ـZﮑـﯽ ـﻗﺴـﻪﯾـﻪ‘ﻴــﺎن ﻫـﻪﺑـﻮو ــﺑﻴﮑـﻪن ،ﺑـﻪmم ﺑـﻪ ﻫـﯚی ﺋـﻪو ﺋـﻪﳒـﺎﻣـﺎﻧـﻪی ﺑـﻪ
دﻩﺳ,ﳤﺎﺗﻮون ™رودۆ>ﻪﮐﻪ زۆر روون و ﺋﺎﺷﮑﺮاﯾﻪ«.
ﻫـﻪروﻩﻫـﺎ ﮔـﻮﰏ :ﺋـﻪوﻩی ‘ـﻮرد 8ﮐـﻪر‘ـﻮوﰽ دﻩوێ ﺳـﺎدﻩ و ﺳـwﰷرﻩ » ،ــﺋ{ﻤـﻪ دﻩﻣـﺎﻧـﻪوێ
ﺋـﻪو ‘ـﻮرد و ﺗـﻮرﮐـﲈcﻧـﻪی c8و/ـﻪﮐـﻪ دﻩرﭘـﻪڕeﻨــﺪراون ـ\ﮕـﻪڕeﻨــﻪوﻩ ﺳـﻪر ﻣـﺎڵ و ÉـﺎZـﯽ ﺧـﯚ€ن
و دﻩﻣﺎﻧﻪوێ ™ری دﳝﻮﮔﺮاﻓ)ﺎی ﮐﻪر‘ﻮوک \ﮕﻪڕeﺘﻪوﻩ ﺳﻪر ™ری ﭘ.ﺸﺎﱏ ﺧﯚی«.
١
٢
٣
٤
١
; Ankara Ankaraﺋـــﻪ³ـــﮑـــﻪرﻩ ; Nechîrvân Bârzânî Nechirvan Barzaniﻧـــ{ـــ¤ـــﲑﭬـــﺎن ™رزاﱏ
; harem regionﻫـﻪرeـﻢ ; parzhîn relationﭘـﻪرژtـﻦ ;/ châkkirdinawa improvementـwﮐـﮑـﺮدﻧـﻪوﻩ
ﺳ•Rﮕـﻪ
bahałategayshtin misunderﺑـﻪﻫـﻪZـﻪــﺗ{ﮕـﻪ ـIﺸـﱳ ; Hawler Arbilﻫـﻪوﻟ.ــﺮ ; nûsînga officeﻧـﻮو ـــﮔـﺮﺗﻨــﻪ ﺑـﻪر ; 8 la lâ i khoawa on his partﻻی ﺧـﯚﻩوﻩ ; lâ-dirân to be removedﻻدران ;standing
8 l’ ambârawa in this regard.ﻣyﺎرﻩوﻩ ; reushwen wayرeﻮﺷﻮzﻦ ;girtinà bar to adopt
٢
ﺷ{,ﮑـﯽ ™8ر ; b’ am dwâîá recentlyﺑـﻪم دواﯾﻴــﻪ ; harwahâ thusﻫـﻪروﻩﻫـﺎ
kashek i labâr aﮐـﻪ ـــ
ﺗـﻮرﰽ ; mîdyâ mediaﻣ)ــﺪ negatîv negative; €ــﻧ{ﮕـﻪﺗﻴــﭫ ; hałwest stanceﻫـﻪZـﻮ ـkﺴـﺖ ;stormcloud
ـــﺎن ;turkî Turkish
shařek nânawa to stirﺷـﻪڕzـﮏ cﻧـﻪوﻩ ; shikist-henân to defeatـ ـ
ﺷﮑﺴـﺖ ﻫ{ﻨ
dasałâtdâr authority.دﻩﺳﻪmﺗﺪار ;up a war
٣
; turkmân Turcomanﺗـﻮرﮐـﲈن ; wafd delegationوﻩﻓـﺪ ; barpirs responsible partyﺑـﻪر-ـﺮس
™ bârudokh situation.رودۆخ ; dang voteدﻩ³ﮓ ; Karkûk Kirkukﮐﻪر‘ﻮوک
٤
darpařendrân to beدﻩرﭘـــﻪڕeـــﻨـــﺪران ; sâkâr straightforwardﺳـــwﰷر ; sâda simpleﺳـــﺎدﻩ
ﭘ.ﺸـﺎن ;™ bâr i dîmugrâfyâ demographic situationری دﳝـﻮﮔـﺮاﻓ)ــﺎ ;driven away
peshân forــmer.
161
Sorani Kurdish Vocabulary
Circumflexed vowels follow uncircumflexed vowels in alphabetization. The furtive i
is indicated by italicization, e.g. bâwik ‘father’ but bâwkî ‘his father.’
Abbreviations: adj. = adjective; cond. = conditional; demon. = demonstrative;
imprs. = impersonal (verb is always in the 3rd person singular); impt. = imperative;
pl. = plural; pron. = pronoun; sing. = singular; subj. = subjunctive; pres. = present;
v.i. = verb intransitive; v.p. = verb passive; v.t. = verb transitive (transitive implies
that the past tense is formed on the ergative model, not that the verb necessarily
takes a direct object either in Kurdish or in English).
Generally, compound verbs are listed under the nonverbal element of the compound; compounds with frequently-occurring elements like dâ-, hał-, and pe- are
listed under the verb.
*
a- ﺋــــــﻪhabitual verbal prefix (Sulaymani
the city; ~ i engaged in, practicing:
dialect); see daahl i îmân religious, ahl i kher chari-à ـﻪdirectional suffix on verbs: chûmà
table, ahl i kayf hedonistic; ~ la…dâ
shâr I went to town
worthy of: fiłân la rafâqat’dâ zor ahl
adab ﺋــــﻪدﻩبliterature, culture; ~î ﺋــــﻪدﻩﰉ
a So-and-So is quite worthy of friendliterary; ~iyât ﺋـﻪدﻩﺑﻴــﺎتliterature; ~parship
war ﺋـﻪدﻩﺑﭙــﻪروﻩرpatron of literature; be~ Aḥmad ﺋــــــﻪﲪــــــﻪدAhmad, masc. proper
ﺋــــﻪدﻩب/ impolite; be~î ﺋــــﻪدﻩﰉ/ imponame
liteness
aḥrâr ﺋﻪﺣﺮارliberals
adîb ﺋـــــﻪدﯾـــــﺐlitérateur, literary person, ajzâkhâna ﺎﻧﻪL ﺋﻪﺟﺰاpharmacy
man of letters
-aká ـﻪﮐـــــﻪsing. definite suffix: pyâwaká
afandî ﺋــﻪﻓــﻪﻧــﺪیgentleman, anyone who
the man
wears western clothes
-akân ـﻪﰷنpl. definite suffix: pyâwakân
Afrâsiyâb ﻴـﺎب8ﺳ
ﺋـﻪﻓـﺮا ــAfrasiab, legendary
the men
king of Turan
akhlâq ـﻼقL ﺋ ـﻪmorals, ethics; ~î ـﻼﰵLﺋ ـﻪ
Afrîqâ ﺋﻪﻓﺮﯾﻘﺎ, Afrîqyâ ﺋﻪﻓﺮﯾﻘ;ﺎAfrica
moral, ethical
afsar ﺋﻪﻓﺴﻪرofficer
Ałamânî ﻪﻣﺎﱏT ﺋﻪGerman
afsâna ﺋـﻪﻓـﺴـﺎﻧـﻪtale, legend; ~î ﺋـﻪﻓـﺴـﺎﻧـﻪﰃal’ân ﺋﻪﻵنnow
legendary
alîktronî ﺋﻪﻟﻴﮑﱰۆﱏelectronic
afsos ﺋﻪﻓﺴﯚسalas, alack
am …á ـﻪ... ﺋﻪمthis (demon. adj.)
afsûn-kirdin ـﺮدنB ﺋـﻪﻓـﺴـﻮونv.t. to charm: ama ﺋﻪﻣﻪthis (demon. pron.)
mâr afsûn dakât he charms snakes
amag ﺋـﻪﻣـﻪگgoodness; ba~ ﺑـﻪﺋـﻪﻣـﻪگfaithagar ﺋـﻪﮔـﻪرif; ~chî ﺋـﻪﮔـﻪرﭼـﯽeven though,
ful; ba~î ﺑـﻪﺋـﻪﻣـﻪﮔـﯽfidelity; be~ ﺋـﻪﻣـﻪگ/
even if
unfaithful, faithless
agînâ ﺋﻪﮔﻴﻨﺎif not, otherwise
amak = ﺋﻪﻣﻪکamag
ahâlî ﺋــﻪﻫــﺎﱃinhabitants, civilian popula- amal ( ﺋـــﻪﻣـــﻪلalso )`ـــﻪﻣـــﻪلoperation; ~tion
kirdin v.t. to have an operation
ahl ﺋـﻪﻫـﻞinhabitant, resident: kâwrâ ahl i amarîk|â ـﲀa ﺋ ـﻪﻣ ـﻪرAmerica; ~î ـﮑ ـﯽaﺋ ـﻪﻣ ـﻪر
shâr a the gentleman is a resident of
American
163
SORANI KURDISH
amatâ c ﺋﻪﻣﻪhere is, voici
amâna ﺋﻪﻣﺎﻧﻪthese (demon. pron.)
amârat ﺋـﻪﻣـﺎرﻩتemirate, principality; ~ a
darabagakân feudal principalities
amjâ ﺋﻪﳎﺎnow, at this time
amn ﺋـﻪﻣـﻦsecurity; ~î ﺋـﻪﻣـﲎpertaining to
security
amřo ۆg ﺋﻪﻣtoday
amshaw ﺋﻪﻣﺸﻪوtonight
amust ﺋـﻪﻣـﻮﺳـﺖfinger; ~aweła ــﻪklـــﻪو
ﺘ8ﺋـﻪﻣـﻮﺳ
ring; ~basta ـــﺘـــﻪ8ـــﻪﺳـــmـــn ﺋـــﻪﻣـــﻮﺳـــfooled,
tricked
andâm ﺋـﻪﻧـﺪامmember; ~î ﺋـﻪﻧـﺪاﻣـﯽmembership
andâza ﺋـﻪﻧـﺪازﻩmeasurement; be~ ﺋـﻪﻧـﺪازﻩ/
untold, limitless
andâzyâr رp ﺋﻪﻧﺪازengineer
anfâl ﺋـــﻪﻧـــﻔـــﺎلthe Iraqi campaign against
the Kurds in 1988
ango ﮕﯚs ﺋﻪyou
angus(t)ﮕﻮسs ﺋﻪ،ﮕﻮﺳﺖs = ﺋﻪamust
angûs ﮕﻮوسs = ﺋﻪamust
anjâm ﺋ ـﻪﳒ ـﺎمend, result; ~-dân ﺋ ـﻪﳒ ـﺎم دان
v.t. to accomplish, to do; la ~’dâ v
ﺋـــﻪﳒـــﺎﻣـــﺪاin the end; la ~ i … awa as a
result of; be~ ﺋــــﻪﳒــــﺎم/ ineffective, inconsequential
anjuman ﺋﻪﳒﻮﻣﻪنcouncil, board
‘antar ` ـﻪﻧ ـﺘ ـﻪرmonkey; wak ‘antar i Lotî
Sâlih like Loti Salih’s monkey, “like
an organ grinder’s monkey,” an object of pity and ridicule
‘aql `ﻪﻗﻞmind, intelligence
‘ard = `ﻪردarz2
are ﺋﻪرێyes
ark (1) ﺋــــــﻪرکduty, responsibility: ark i
sar shânima khizmat bikam it’s my
duty to serve; (2) trouble, labor: hendim ark dâwa nabetawa I’ve caused
unprecedented trouble
‘arsh `ﻪرشthrone
arshîv ﻴــﭫ8 ﺋـﻪرﺷـarchive; ~î ـــﯽ
ﻴﭭ8 ﺋـﻪرﺷـarchival
arz1 ﺋـــــــــﻪرزpetition; ~-kirdin v.t. to say
(self-deprecating, of the 1st person
only: arzim kird I said); to petition:
arzî ba pâshâ kird la shitèk he
petitioned the king for something
arz2 ﺋﻪرزearth, land
Arzařom ﺋﻪرزﻩڕۆمErzerum
arzîng ﺋﻪرزﯾﻨﮓchin, dimple in the chin
ashîrat ﺋﻪﺷﲑﻩتtribe
ashkanja ﺋـﻪﺷـﮑـﻪﳒـﻪtorture; ~-dân v.t. to
torture; ~-dirân v.p. to be tortured
ashkawt = ﺋﻪﺷﮑﻪوتshikaft
ashq ﺋﻪﺷﻖlove
ashrâf ﺋـــــﻪﴍافdignitaries, eminent persons
asht ﺋﻪﺷﺖwage
asîr ﺋﻪﺳﲑprisoner
aslaḥa „ ـﻪƒ ﺋ ـﻪﺳ ـweapons, arms: ba aslaḥawa armed
asp ﺋﻪﺳﭗhorse
aspanâgh ﭙﻪ‡غ8 ﺋﻪﺳspinach
aspârdin ﭙﺎردن8 = ﺋﻪﺳspârdin
aspâyî ﭙﺎﱙ8 ﺋﻪﺳstealth; ba ~ stealthily
aspe ‰Šﭙ8 ﺋﻪﺳlouse, mite
asrîn ﻦa ﺋﻪﴎtear
Astamûl ﺘﻪﻣﻮول8 ﺋﻪﺳIstanbul
aster ﺮŒﺘ8 ﺋﻪﺳpool
astera ﺮﻩŒﺘ8 ﺋﻪﺳstar
asterok ﺮۆکŒﺘ8 ﺋﻪﺳfirefly
asto ـﺘ ـﯚ8 ﺋ ـﻪﺳ ـneck, thick part of the neck;
girtinà ~ v.t. to assume the burden of
astûr ﺘﻮور8 ﺋﻪﺳthick
atom ﺋـــــﻪﺗـــــﯚمatom: hez i ~ power of the
atom; ~î atomic
atrash ــــــﺮﻩشŽ ﺋــــــﻪgall: atrashyân chûbû
they had lost their gall
avîndâr ﺋﻪﭬ;ﻨﺪارlover
aw ﺋـــــﻪوhe, she, it (3rd-person sing. pronoun); that (sing. demon. pron.); ~
…á that, those (demon. adj.): aw
shitá that thing, aw shitâná those
things
awá ﺋــــــــﻪوﻩthat (demon. pron.); bo ~î in
order that; ~ khwâya God willing
awa ( ﺋــــــــــﻪوﻩwith present verb indicates
progressive): min awa la birsâ damirim I’m dying of hunger
164
SORANI–ENGLISH VOCABULARY
-awa ( ـﻪوﻩpostposition, with preposition
la; contracts to -wa after vowels)
from
awal ﺋﻪوﻩلfirst
awanda ﺋـــﻪوﻩﻧـــﺪﻩso much, thus; ~ i tir so
much the more; dû ~ twice as much:
min dû awanda’t dadamè I’ll give
you twice as much
awatâ c ﺋﻪوﻩthere is, voilà
awâ ﺋـﻪواthen; ~ hât u ﺋـﻪوا ﻫـﺎت وsuppose:
awâ hât u kurdèk habû suppose there
was a Kurd who …
awân ﺋﻪوانthey; ~a ﺋﻪواﻧﻪthose
‘awdâl `ﻪودالwandering
awe ﺋــــــــﻪوێthere; l’ ~ وێv there, in that
place; l’ ~wa ــــــﻮﻩlوv from there, from
that place
awîn ــﻦa ﺋــﻪوlove; ~dâr ﺋــﻪوﯾــﻨــﺪارlover, in
love
awjâ ﺋﻪو•ﺎthen, subsequently
Awrupâ ﺋـﻪوروﭘـﺎEurope; ~î ﺋـﻪوروﭘـﺎﱙEuropean
awsâ ﺋﻪوﺳﺎthen, at that time
awto ﺋﻪوﺗﯚso much, such a
ay ﺋـﻪیO (vocative particle); oh; now: ay
kay det? who’s coming now?
ayâr رp ﺋﻪMay
‘aybat `ﻪﯾﺒﻪتfear, terror
aylûl ﺋﻪﯾﻠﻮولSeptember
‘aynak `ﻪﯾﻨﻪکeyeglasses
azhdîhâ ﺋﻪژدﳞﺎdragon, serpent
azhîhâ = ﺋﻪژﳞﺎazhdîha
azhno ﺋـﻪﻧژـﯚknee; dastaw-~ ــﺘـﻪو ﺋـﻪﻧژـﯚ8 دﻩﺳ
grieving, mourning
azîz ــﺰa `ــﻪزdear; ~-kirdin v.t. to pamper;
~-kiran v.p. to be spoiled; ~kirâw
ﺮاوBﺰa `ﻪزpampered, spoiled
-â ( اcontracted form of the postposition
’dâ, q.v.)
âb ﺋﺎبAugust
âbłoqa ﯚﻗﻪk ﺋﺎﺑsiege; ~-dân v.t. to besiege
âbřû ووg ﺋــــﺎ–ــــhonor, modesty, shame; ~birdin v.t. to dishonor, shame; ~tikândin v.t. to dishonor; ~bar
ووﺑـــــﻪرg ﺋـــــﺎ–ـــــshameful, dishonorable;
~chûn ووﭼﻮونg– ﺋﺎindignity
âbuhawâ ﺋﺎﺑﻮﻫﻪواclimate
âbunmân ﺋﺎﺑﻮﳕﺎنsubscription
âborî ﺋﺎﺑﯚریeconomy, economic
âdamî ﺋــــﺎدﻩﻣــــﯽhuman being; ~zâ(d) human being
âday ﺋﺎدﻩیnow then
âfarîn ـــﻦa ﺋـــﺎﻓـــﻪرbravo; ~-kirdin la v.t. to
applaud
âfâq ﺋﺎﻓﺎقhorizons
âfrat ﺋﺎﻓﺮﻩتwoman
âgâ ﺋــــ˜ﮔــــﺎaware: ~t l’ aw kârá haya? are
you aware of that?; (2) awake: khawtûa yân ~ya? is he asleep or awake?;
~-bûn la v.i. to be aware of; ~-kirdin
v.t. to inform; ~dâr ﺋـ˜ﮔـﺎدارla aware of,
careful of; ~dârî ﺋـــ˜ﮔـــﺎداریawareness,
care, attention, information
âgir ﺋ˜ﮔﺮfire; ~dân ﺋ˜ﮔﺮدانfireplace
âghâ ﺋﺎ™ﺎagha, title of feudal lord
âhang ـــﮓs ﺋـــﺎﻫـــﻪentertainment, party; ~geřân to hold a party, give an entertainment
âîn ﺋﺎﺋﲔreligion; ~î ﺋﺎﺋ›ﲎreligious
âkâm ﺋــــــــ˜ﰷمend, result: la ~’(d)â in the
end, finally
âkâr ﺋ˜ﰷرconduct, morals
âkh ﺋـــــــــــﺎخearth, grave; exclamation of
pleasure
âkhâwtin ــﻦŽــﺎوL ﺋــﺎconversational, colloquial
âkhir ﺋـﺎﺧـﺮend; (exclamation) well now!,
after all!; ~ u okhir ﺋـــﺎﺧـــﺮوﺋـــﻮﺧـــﺮlatter
part, near the end: la ~ i pâyiz dâ
toward the end of autumn; ~amîn
ﺋـﺎﺧـﺮﻩﻣـﲔlast: awa ~ jâr be pet biłem let
this be the last time I tell you; ~î
ﺋﺎﺧﺮیfinal, last
âkhnîn ـﲔž ﺋ ـﺎﺧ ـv.t. to stuff; hał-~ to stuff
full, cram full
âkho ﺋﺎﺧﯚah, exclamation of pleasure
âl ﺋﺎلred, flushed
âłâ Ÿ ﺋﺎpen; flag, banner
âłân نŸ ﺋـــــﺎâłe- ‰ـــــT ﺋـــــﺎv.i. to be twisted,
wrapped
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SORANI KURDISH
âłândin ﻧـــﺪنŸ ﺋـــﺎâłên- ـــﻦŒـــT ﺋـــﺎv.t. to twist
(trs.)
âlât ﺋﺎﻻتtools, implements
âlik ﮏ¢ﺋﺎ, âlîk ﺋﺎﻟﻴﮏforage, fodder
Âlmân ﺋﺎﳌﺎنGermany
âłosh ﯚشT ﺋﺎitch
âłqa ﻘــﻪT ﺋـﺎring, knocker; ~rez ـﺰ¤ﻘــﻪرT ﺋـﺎditto;
~rez i dargâ kutân v.t. to knock at a
door
âłtûn ﺘﻮونT ﺋﺎgold
âługoř ـــﻮﮔـــﯚڕT ﺋـــﺎchange; ~-kirdin v.t. to
change, to alter
âłû ﻮوT ﺋﺎtonsils
âmâda ﺋـﺎﻣـﺎدﻩready; ~-kirdin v.t. to make
ready, prepare
âmânat ﺋــﺎﻣــﺎﻧــﻪتtrust, safekeeping; ba ~
dânà dast i … v.t. to give into the
safekeeping of; ba ~ spârdin ba …
v.t. to entrust to
âmânj ﺋﺎﻣﺎﱋtarget, goal
âmo ﺋﺎﻣﯚpaternal uncle; ~zâ ﺋﺎﻣﯚزاcousin
âmozhgârî-kirdin ــﺮدنB ﺋــﺎﻣــﯚژﮔــﺎریv.t. to
advise
âmřâz ازg ﺋﺎﻣinstrument, implement, tool
âmyân ﺋﺎﻣ;ﺎنyoghurt starter, leaven
ânîshk ﺋﺎﻧ›ﺸﮏelbow
ânqast (la ~) ﺋـﺎﻧـﻘـﻪﺳـﺖon purpose, deliberately
âpo ﺋﺎﭘﯚpaternal uncle
âpor ﺋﺎﭘﯚرcalamity
âpora ﺋــﺎﭘــﯚرﻩcrowd; ~-dân v.t. to crowd:
khałkèk i zor la dawr i mizgawt ~yân
dâwa many people have crowded
around the mosque
âraq(a) ﺋـﺎرﻩق، ﺋـﺎرﻩﻗـﻪsweat; ~-kirdinawa
v.t. to sweat; ~-rishtin v.t. to sweat
ârazû ﺋـﺎرﻩزووwish, hope; ~kar ﺋـﺎرﻩزووﮐـﻪر
desirous, wishful; ~mand ﺋـــﺎرﻩزووﻣـــﻪﻧـــﺪ
hopeful; ~-kirdin v.t. to wish, desire
ârâm ﺋـــــﺎرامcalm; ~-girtin v.t. to be still,
patient, calm down; ~ biřrân la(bar)
v.p. to lose patience: wazîr ârâm’î le
hałdagîre the vizier loses his patience; be~ ﺋــــــــﺎرام/ impatient; be~î /
ﺋﺎراﻣﯽimpatience
ârân ﺋﺎرانwinter quarters
ârâsta ـﺘـﻪ8 ﺋـﺎراﺳـdirection; ~-kirdin v.t. to
direct: bînarân datwânin pirsyârakânyân ârâsta i mewân i barnâmaká
bikan viewers can direct their questions at the guest of the program;
~kar ﺘﻪﮐﻪر8 ﺋﺎراﺳsteering, guiding
ârd ﺋﺎردflour; ~amshâr ﺋﺎردﻩﻣﺸﺎرsawdust
ârkolozhiyâ p ﺋﺎرﮐﯚﻟﯚژarchaeology
ârû ﺋﺎرووcucumber
âs ﺋﺎسace (cards)
âsawâr ﺋﺎﺳﻪوارremains
âsâ ( ﺋـﺎﺳـﺎpostposition) like: min’îsh khot
âsâ am kârá’m kird I, like you, did
this; ~î normal, usual
âsân ﺋــﺎﺳــﺎنeasy; ~-kirdin v.t. to simplify; ~î ease: ba âsânî with ease, easily
âsâyish ﺋﺎﺳﺎ§ﺶpeace, security
âsh ﺋـﺎشmill; ~awân ﺋـﺎﺷـﻪوانmiller; ~geř
gŒ ﺋﺎﺷﮕwater that turns a mill
âshbattâł ﺒﻪﺗﺘﺎڵ8 ﺋﺎﺷcease-fire
âshkirâ ﺋـﺎﺷـﮑـﺮاclear, obvious; public; ~bûn v.i. to be clear, obvious; to become public; ~-kirdin v.t. to make
clear, clarify
âshnâ ﻨـﺎ8ﺷ
ـﺋ ﺎ ــacquainted, friendly; expert;
~yatî ﻨﺎﯾﻪﰏ8 ﺋﺎﺷacquaintance
âsht ـﺋ ﺎﺷـﺖon good terms; ~-bûnawa v.i.
to be reconciled; ~î ـــﱴ8 ﺋـــﺎﺷـــpeace, reconciliation; ~îkhwâz ـ;ـﺨـﻮازn ﺋـﺎﺷـseeking reconciliation
âsik ﺋﺎﺳﮏgazelle, deer
âsin ﺋــــــﺎﺳــــــﻦiron; ~ i sârd kutân to do
something useless; ~gar ــــــﻨـــﮕـــﻪر
8 ﺋـــﺎﺳ
blacksmith
Âsiyâ ﻴﺎ8 ﺋﺎﺳAsia
âsmân ﺋــــﺎﺳــــﲈنsky; ~ i dûr la zawîawa
outer space; ~î of the sky, heavenly,
blue
âso ﺋﺎﺳﯚhorizon
âst ﺋﺎﺳﺖ: la ~e kho in spite of oneself
âstam ـﺘـﻪم8 ﺋـﺎﺳـslight: namirdibû u ba âstam gyân’î te’dâ mâbû he wasn’t
dead, for there was a slight trace of
life still in him; ba ~(èk) slightly:
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SORANI–ENGLISH VOCABULARY
dastim ba ~èk rûshâwa my hand is
slightly scratched; (2) difficult to
cross: Taragha kewèk i ~a Taragha is
a difficult mountain to get across
âsûda ﺋـــﺎﺳـــﻮودﻩin comfort, comfortable;
~-kirdin v.t. to make comfortable; ~î
ﺋـﺎﺳـﻮودﻩﱙcomfort, prosperity; kawtinà
~îawa to become prosperous
âtar ﺋﺎﺗﻪرfire
âtashbâzî ﺒﺎزی8 ﺋﺎﺗﻪﺷfireworks
âw ﺋـــﺎوwater; ~î ﺋـــﺎویwatery; light blue;
~řishen ـــﻦŒ ﺋـــﺎوڕﺷـــsprinkling, spraying
with water
âwadân ﺋﺎوﻩدانflourishing
âwał ﺋﺎوﻩڵfriend, companion
âwâ ﺋــــــــــﺎواthus; flourishing, prosperous
(land); ~-bûn to disappear; to be
gone, over: rozh âwâ be, demà mâłtân when day is done I’ll come to
you; ~-kirdin v.t. to develop; ~dân
ﺋــــــــــــــﺎوادانflourishing, prosperous; ~î
ﺋـﺎواداﱏvillage, settlement; ~kirdinawa
development
âwâł ﺋـــــــــــــﺎواڵcompanion, mate; ~kirâs
ﮑﺮاسT ﺋﺎواwomen’s trousers
âwâra ﺋﺎوارﻩwanderer, vagabond
âwât ﺋـــــﺎواتdesire: ~ i dił the heart’s desire; ~-khwâstin bo to wish for,
desire; ~akhwâz ﺋـــﺎواﺗـــﻪﺧـــﻮازdesirous,
hopeful
âwâz ﺋ ـﺎوازtune, melody; ~a ﺋ ـﺎوازﻩreputation; ~akhwân ﺋــــﺎوازﻩﺧــــﻮانsinger; ~akhwen ﻦ¤ ﺋﺎوازﻩﺧﻮsinger
âwena ﻨﻪl ﺋﺎوmirror
âwezha ﮋﻩ¤ ﺋﺎوswamp
âwhâ ﺋﺎوﻫﺎthus, of this sort
âwir ﺋﺎورfire; pregnant
âwiř ﺋـﺎوڕbackward glance; ~-dânawa la
v.t. to look over the shoulder at, to
look back at
âwis ﺋﺎوسpregnant
âwrîshim ﺋـــﺎور§ـــﺸـــﻢsilk; ~în ﺋـــﺎور§ـــﺸـــﻤـــﲔ
silken, made of silk
âwru ﺋﺎوروhonor
âwsân ﺋـﺎوﺳـﺎنâwse- ‰ ﺋـﺎوﺳـv.i. to swell; to
warp
âwsâna ﺋـﺎوﺳـﺎﻧـﻪfable, legend; ~î ﺋـﺎوﺳـﺎﻧـﻪﱙ
fabulous, legendary
âwus = ﺋﺎووسâwis
ây ﺋﺎیO (vocative particle)
âyâ p ﺋﺎinterrogative particle
âyin ﻦa ﺋﺎreligion; ~î traditional; religious
âyina ﺋﺎﯾﻨﻪmirror
âyinda ﺋــــﺎﯾــــﻨــــﺪﻩfuture, coming, next: do
rozh i âyinda two days later
âzâ ﺋـﺎزاbrave; ~î ﺋـﺎزاﰃbravery; ~yatî ﺋـﺎزاﯾـﻪ
ﰏact of bravery, feat
âzâd ﺋــــــﺎزادfree; ~-kirdin v.t. to set free;
~î ﺋﺎزادىfreedom
âzâna ﺋﺎزاﻧﻪbravely, courageously
âzâr1 ﺋـــﺎزارbother, annoyance; pain, malady; ~-kirdin v.t. to bother, annoy
âzâr2 ﺋﺎزارMarch
âzâyâna ﻧﻪp = ﺋﺎزاâzâna
âzhal ﺋﺎژﻩلflocks, herds
âzhâwa ﺋﺎژاوﻩcommotion, uproar
âzûqa ﺋﺎزووﻗﻪprovisions, stores
b- pres. stem of bûn
ba ( ﺑـــــــــــﻪwith enclitic pronouns pre- or
postposed, pe ‰Š )ﭘ ـto; by, with (instrumental); by (with passives): hîchit pe
nâkire nothing can be done by you
ba-1 ﺑــــﻪfor compound adjectives formed
from ba-, such as barez, bakhabar,
banâwbâng, see next element
ba-2 ﺑﻪpres. stem of birdin
badbakht ﺑ ـﻪدﺑ ـﻪﺧ ـﺖunfortunate; ~î ﺑ ـﻪدﺑ ـﻪ
ﺧﱴmisfortune; bo ~î unfortunately
bafr ﺑـــﻪﻓـــﺮsnow; ~-girtin v.t. for snow to
cover s.th.: bafr girtûyatî it is covered
with snow; ~ânbâr ﺑـﻪﻓـﺮاﻧـﺒـﺎرthe month
of Capricorn (December 22–January
20)
bag ﺑﻪگlord, master
Baghdâ ﺑﻪ™ﺪاBaghdad
baghîl ﻏﻴـﻞ
ﺑـﻪ ـstingy; jealous; ~î jealousy;
~î hâtin la v.i. to be jealous: baghîlî’yân le dahât they were jealous
bahałategayshtin ﮕـﻪ ـ§ﺸـﱳ²ﺗ
ـﻪ ـ ـT ﺑـﻪﻫـﻪmisun-
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SORANI KURDISH
derstanding
bahâr ﺑﻪﻫﺎرspring
bahra ﺑــﻪﻫــﺮﻩbenefit, lot; ~-birdin la v.t.
to derive benefit from
baḥrî ﺑـﻪﺣـﺮیmerhorse, a fabulous magical horse common in Iranian fairy
tales
bakesh-kirdin ـــﺮدنB ـــﺶŒ ﺑـــﻪﮐـــv.t. to drag,
haul: ba zor bakesh’î kirdim bo lâ i
qâzî he hauled me before the judge by
force
bakhew-kirdin ـــﺮدنB ﺑـــﻪﺧـــ´ـــﻮv.t. to take
care of, to raise (a child)
bakht ﺑـﻪﺧـﺖluck; ~-kirdin v.t. to risk, to
sacrifice; ~ kirânawa v.p. to have a
stroke of luck: bakhtî kirâwatawa he
has had a stroke of luck; ~awar
lucky; ~iyâr prosperous; ~iyârî prosperity
Bakhtak ــــﻪکµ ﺑــــﻪﺧــــBakhtak, Anosharwan’s vizier
balangâz ﮕﺎزsv ﺑﻪpoor, destitute
bałâm مŸ ﺑﻪbut (conj.)
báłe ‰T ﺑﻪyes
bałen ــــﻦŒــــT ﺑــــﻪpromise; ~-dân ba v.t. to
make a promise to
bałga ﮕﻪT ﺑﻪdocument; proof
báłka ﮑﻪT ﺑﻪbut, rather
báłku ﮑﻮTﺑﻪ, báłkû ﮑﻮوT ﺑﻪmaybe, perhaps
banakhun ﺑﻪﻧﻪﺧﻮنdrawstring (trousers)
banâ ‡ ﺑﻪbuilder
banâwbâng ـــــــﮓs¶ ﺑـــــــﻪ‡وfamous, wellknown
band ﺑــﻪﻧــﺪprison, dungeon; joint; magic
spell; dam; ~ hał-witin ba to say a
spell over; ~î ﺑـﻪﻧـﺪیprisoner; ~îkhâna
ﺑﻪﻧﺪﳜﺎﻧﻪprison
bandan ﺑﻪﻧﺪﻩنmountain
bar ﺑـــــــﻪرchest, breast; fore; ~ la before,
pre-; ~-bûn v.i. to get free; ~-bûnawa
v.i. to fall; ~-dân v.t. to set free; ~girtin v.t. to cover, obscure: hawrèk i
rash bar i âsmânî girt a black cloud
obscured the sky; ~-kirdin v.t. to put
on, wear; ~dam front; la ~ for the
sake of, because of; la ~ …’dâ in
front of; la ~ …awa to, with, in the
presence of: la bar khoyawa gutî he
said to himself; ~la ~ awaî because;
la ~ kirdin v.t. to put on, wear; la
~ân i throughout the length and
breadth of; la ~dam i in front of; la ~
dast i …’dâ in the presence of, in
front of, with; lamaw~ previously,
before; (2) fruit, produce
bař ﺑﻪڕrug, flat-woven carpet
bar- ﺑﻪرimpt. stem of birdin
bara1 ﺑﻪرﻩtribe, tribal division
bara2 ﺑــــﻪرﻩbit; bara-bara little by little,
gradually
bara3 i ﺑﻪرﻩیtoward
bařa = ﺑﻪڕﻩbař
barabayân نp ﺑﻪرﻩﺑﻪat dawn
barałâ Ÿ ﺑ ـﻪرﻩfree, unhampered; ~-kirdin
to set free, turn loose: min barałâ i
kołânân dakrem I’ll be turned out into
the streets
barangâr-bûnawa ـﮕـﺎر ﺑـﻮوﻧـﻪوﻩs ﺑـﻪرﻩv.i. to
fight with, oppose, resist: dayawe
dastdrezhî’y bikâtà sar bałâm kichá
barangâr’î dabetawa he wants to
violate her, but the girl resists him
barawa ( ﺑـــــــﻪرﻩوﻩimpt. sing. of bûnawa)
be … again
baraw|zher ــــــــﺮ¤ ﺑــــــــﻪرﻩوژheaded down;
~zhûr ﺑﻪرﻩوژوورheaded up
barâmbar ــﻪرm ﺑـﻪراﻣin the face of, against;
~ ba facing
barâward-kirdin ــــــﺮدنB ﺑــــــﻪراوﻩردv.t. to
make a comparison
barâz ﺑﻪرازboar
barbîn ﺑ ـﻪرﺑ ـﲔbase of the throat; ~-girtin
to grab by the throat
barchâw ﺑﻪر¸ﺎوsee châw
bard ﺑــﻪردstone: dawr i ~ the Stone Age;
wirda~ وردﻩﺑـــــــﻪردpebble, small stone;
~ałânî ﱏŸ ﺑﻪردﻩrocky
bardast ﺑﻪردﻩﺳﺖerrand boy; available
bardawâm ﺑـﻪردﻩوامconstant(ly), continual(ly); ~-bûn v.i. to be persistent,
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SORANI–ENGLISH VOCABULARY
steady; ~bûn continuation, continuance
bařewabar ــﻮﻩﺑــﻪرl ﺑــﻪڕdirector, manager;
~âyatî ـﻮﻩﺑـﻪراﯾـﻪﰏl ﺑـﻪڕadministration, directorate
bařez ﺰ¤ ﺑﻪڕsee rez
barg ﺑــــــــﻪرگclothes; cover; da ~ girtin
v.t. to wrap in a cover; ~dirû ﺑــﻪرﮔــﺪروو
tailor
barga ﺑـــﻪرﮔـــﻪpower, ability; ~-girtin v.t.
to resist
barhałist ﺴﺖT ﺑﻪرﻫﻪobstacle
barham ﺑـــﻪرﻫـــﻪمfruit, produce; ~-henân
v.t. to bear fruit, be productive; ~henar ﻨﻪر²¹ ﺑﻪرﻫﻪproductive
barîk ﮏa ﺑﻪرpocket
Barîtânyâ ﺑﻪرﯾﺘﺎﻧﻴﺎBritain
barkh ﺑﻪرخlamb
barkosh ﺑﻪرﮐﯚشapron, smock
barnâma ﺑﻪر‡ﻣﻪprogram
barok ﺑــــــــﻪرۆکcollar; ~-bar-dân v.t. to
leave alone, stop pestering; ~-girtin
v.t. to pester
barpirs ـﺮسº ﺑـﻪرresponsible, in authority;
~yâr ﻴﺎر8ﺮﺳº ﺑﻪرresponsible
barqâsâ ﺑــﻪرﻗــﺎﺳــﺎwith the speed of lightning
barz ﺑــــﻪرزhigh, tall, loud: ba dang i ~ in
a loud voice; ~ape ‰Š ﺑــــﻪرزﻩﭘــــstanding,
upright; ~âî ﺑــــﻪرزاﰃhighness, tallness;
high place
barzhawandî ﺑﻪرژﻩوﻩﻧﺪیinterests
barzwulâkh ﺑﻪرزووﻻخhorse
bas ﺑﻪسenough
basarhât ﺑﻪﺳﻪرﻫﺎتadventure
basâłâchû ﭼﻮوŸ ﺑﻪﺳﺎaged
basâm ﺑﻪﺳﺎمfrightening, terrible
bash ﺑــــــــﻪشsection, share; omen; ~ i …
kirdin v.t. to suffice for …; ~akher
ــﺮŒL ﺑـﻪﺷـﻪhandout, charity; ~-kirdin v.t.
to be enough: aw toza bashim nâkâ
that little bit is not enough for me;
~dâr ﺑـــﻪﺷـــﺪارparticipant; ~dârbûn ﺑـــﻪ
ﺷـــﺪارﺑـــﻮونparticipation; ~dârî-kirdin
v.t. to participate; ~ko ﺑـﻪﺷـﮑـﯚcorpora-
tion
bashka ﺑ ـﻪﺷ ـﮑ ـﻪ, bashkim ﺑ ـﻪﺷ ـﲂmaybe,
perhaps
bashûdân ﺑﻪﺷﻮودانsee under shû
basizmân ﺑﻪ¼ﻣﺎنpoor, unfortunate
ba‘sî ﺑــــﻪﻋــــﴗBaathist, member of Saddam Hussein’s ruling party in Iraq
bastazmân ﺘﻪزﻣﺎن8 ﺑﻪﺳpoor, wretched
bast|in ﺑـــﻪﺳـــﱳbast- ﺑـــﻪﺳـــﺖv.t. to tie, to
freeze; ~rân ﺑـــﻪﺳـــﱰانbastre- ﺑـــﻪﺳـــﱰێ
v.p. to be tied, frozen: la tirsân zibânî
bastrâ his tongue was frozen from
fear; ~rânawa ﺑـﻪﺳـﱰاﻧـﻪوﻩv.p. to be tied
up: la hamû lâyèkawa asp bastrâwatawa horses were tied up on every
side
batâł ڵc ﺑـﻪover, finished; empty; invalid,
unemployed: brâyèkim batâła one of
my brothers is out of work; ~-bûn v.i.
to be over, come to an end; ~-kirdin
v.t. to stop, cease: har nîwařo batâłmân kird we stopped just at noon; ~î
ﻰTc ﺑﻪidleness
batâqî-kirdinawa ـﺮدﻧ ـﻪوﻩB ﰵc ﺑ ـﻪv.t. to investigate
bayânî ﱏp ﺑﻪmorning
baybûn ﺑﻪﯾﺒﻮونcamomile
bayn ــــﻦa ﺑــــﻪmidst; la ~ i …dâ between,
among: l’ aw ~á’dâ at that time, under those circumstances; pâsh ~èk
ـ´ـﮏÀ ﭘـﺎش ﺑـﻪﯾـafter a while; ~annahren
(ﻦaﳯﺮ¢ﻦ )ﺑﲔ ا¤ ﺑﻪﯾﻨﻪﻧﻨﻪﻫﺮMesopotamia
bazaî ﺑــــﻪزﻩﰃcompassion: bazaî’m pe’dâ
hât I felt sorry for him
bazh ﺑﻪژdry land (opp. to sea)
bazîn v.i. ـــﻦa ﺑـــﻪزto go/come down; dâ-~
to get off, down
bâ1 ¶ hortatory particle (+ subj): bâ
biroyn c’mon, let’s go
bâ2 ¶ wind; ~-dân for the wind to blow;
~gař ¶ﮔــــــــﻪڕwhirlwind; ~hoz ¶ﻫــــــــﯚز
whirlwind
bâb ¶بfather
Bâb i ‘Âlî ¶ﰉ ` ـﺎﱃthe Sublime Porte, office of the grand vizier of the Otto-
169
SORANI KURDISH
man Empire
bâbat ¶ﺑـــﻪت: la ~…awa about, concerning: la ~ minawa adwân they were
talking about me; (2) worthy: ama ~ i
to niya this is not worthy of you
bâfîn ¶ﻓﲔv.t. to weave
bâho ¶ﻫ ـﯚshoulders; ~dâr ¶ﻫ ـﯚدارstrong,
powerful
bâkh ¶خgarden, orchard; ~ i gishtî
park; ~cha ﻪÂ ¶ﺧgarden
bâkhał ــﻪڵL¶ breast, armpit, embrace; ~î
ـــــﯽTـــــﻪL¶ breast, pocket (adj.): daftar i
bâkhałî pocket notebook
bâł ¶ڵarm, wing; ~dâr ﺪارT¶ bird
bâłâ Ÿ¶ height, stature; ~-kirdin v.t. to
get tall; ~barz ﺑــــــــــﻪرزŸ¶ tall, elegant;
~nwen ـــﻦ¤ﻧـــﻮŸ¶ something that shows
the figure: âwena i bâłânwen fulllength mirror
bâlândîda ¶ﻻﻧـﺪﯾـﺪﻩ: gurg i ~ experienced,
worldly
bâłdâr ﺪارT¶ bird
bâłinda ﻨﺪﻩT¶ bird
bâłisht ﺸﺖT¶ pillow
bâłîn ﲔT¶ pillow
bâlora ¶ﻟﯚرﻩa Kurdish verse form
bâłwez ﺰ¤ﻮT¶ ambassador
bâm la …awa be / ـﻪوﻩ... v ¶مaside
from, not to mention
bân ¶نroof; steppe; ~èka u dû hawâ
there’s a double standard
bânamař ¶ﻧـــــﻪﻣـــــﻪڕthe month of Taurus
(April 21– May 21)
bâng ـــــــــﮓs¶ cry, shout; ~-kirdin v.t. to
call, summon, invite; ~heshtin invitation; ~-heshtin-kirdin bo v.t. to invite: dabe bângheshtinèk’it bo bikam
bo mâława I must invite you to my
home; ~awâz ــــﮕــــﻪوازs¶ a cry for help,
request for assistance; ~awâz-kirdin
v.t. to ask for assistance
bânîzha ﻩÃ ¶ﻧsmall roof
bâp = ¶پbâb
bâpîr ¶ﭘﲑgrandfather
bâr1 ¶رtime, instance (= jâr)
bâr2 ¶رload, burden; manner: pewîst-a
aw bârá rûn bikretawa ka khwenakáy
tedâ rizhâwa it is necessary for the
manner in which his blood was shed
to be made clear; ~ dâ-girtin v.t. to
pack one’s bags; to unload; ~henân
upbringing; la ~ i for, for the sake of;
~-kirdin v.t. to load; to decamp,
leave; ~nâma ¶ر‡ﻣــــــﻪbill of lading; ~
râst-kirdinawa to set straight a
crooked load, (meta.) to help someone out, come to someone’s aid: zor
le-qawmâw bûm, kâkim bârî râst
kirdimawa I was in bad straits, but
my brother helped me out; ~ u dokh
¶رودۆخburden; situation
bâr- ¶رpres. stem of bârîn
bâra ¶رﻩtime: dû ~ hâtawa he came
back twice; (2) power: am kâr a
girâná la ~ i minâ niya this heavy
labor is not within my power; dar~ i
about, concerning; la ~ i …(awa)
about, concerning
bâragâ = ¶رﻩﮔﺎbârgâ
bârân ¶رانrain; ~din bâren- v.t. to rain,
shower; dâ-~ to rain down
bârga ¶رﮔ ـﻪbaggage, paraphernalia; ~chî
¶رﮔﻪﭼﯽcaravan leader
bârgâ ¶رﮔﺎking’s court; headquarters
bârist ¶رﺳﺖ, ~âî ﺘﺎﰃ8 ¶رﺳsize, volume
bârîn ــــــــﻦa ¶رbâr- ¶رv.i. to rain; dâ-~ to
rain down
bâřût ¶ڕووتgunpowder
bâs ¶سdiscussion; ~-kirdin v.t. to discuss
bâsh ¶شgood: rozh ~ good day; da ~a
that’s enough!
bâsik ¶ﺳﮏupper arm
bâtînî ¶ﺗــــ›ــــﲎoccult; châw i ~ inner eye,
sixth sense, the ability to see hidden
things
bâw-bûn ¶و ﺑـــﻮونv.i. to become current,
customary
bâwař ¶وﻩڕbelief; ~-kirdin v.t. to believe
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SORANI–ENGLISH VOCABULARY
bâwash ¶وﻩشbosom, embrace: hałimgirt ba ~imawa I grabbed him in my
arms; ~-kirdin ba …’dâ v.t. to embrace: bâwash’y pe’dâ kird she embraced him
bâwazhin ¶وﻩژنstepmother
bâwâ ¶واgrandfather
bâwik ¶وکfather
bâwishk-dân ¶وﺷﮏ دانv.t. to yawn
bây ¶یprice, worth
bâyakh ¶ﯾــــﻪخworth, value; ~-dân ba to
attach value to, to pay attention to:
hîch bâyakhe ba qsakám nâdâ he
doesn’t pay any attention to what I
say
bâyqûsh ¶ﯾﻘﻮوشowl
bâz ¶زhawk, falcon; ~gardân ¶زﮔــــــﻪردان
hawking, making a hawk fly (method
of choosing a new king in folktales)
bâz-dân la v ¶ز دانv.t. to flee in haste
from, to run away in fear from
bâzher ﺮ¤ ¶ژcity, market
bâzig ¶زگarm; dappled (horse)
bâzîband ¶زﯾﺒﻪﻧﺪbracelet
be / without (for most compounds in
be-, see following element; note that
there are a few be- compounds that do
not occur without the prefix: they are
listed alphabetically); ba ~ awaî (+
subj.) without: ba be awaî biybînim
without my seeing it
be- = biye-, subj. of hâtin
bechû ﭽﻮو² ﺑbaby
bedaratân نcﺪﻩرﻩ² ﺑpoor, unfortunate
begâna ﮕﺎﻧﻪ² ﺑstranger, foreigner
begâr ﮕﺎر² ﺑwaste of time
bejiga la v ﺠﮕﻪ² ﺑexcept for
bekanâr ﮑﻪ‡ر² ﺑlimitless, shoreless
beł- Ç ﺑﻴsubj. of heshtin, for bíhełben- ﻦŒ ﺑsubj. of henân, for bíhenbenzhîn ﻦaȲ ﺑv.i. to sneeze
besar-u-shwen ــﻦ¤ــﺴــﻪروﺷــﻮŒ ﺑــhomeless,
destitute
beshik ﺸﮏŒ ﺑthicket
Besitûn ﺘــﻮون8ــﺴـŒ ﺑBehistun, the site where
Farhad legendarily carved the mountain for Shirin
betâqat ــﺎﻗــﻪتµــŒ ﺑــanxious, unable to endure; ~-kirdin v.t. to make anxious:
yâd i bâwkî zor betâqatî kird the
memory of his father made him very
anxious
betâwân ـﺎوانµŒﺑ
ـ ـinnocent; ~î ـﺎواﱏµŒ ـ ـﺑinnocence
bewa ﻮﻩ² ﺑwidow; ~zhin ﻮﻩژن² ﺑwidow
bez ﺰŒ ﺑcondescension
bezh- ﮋŒ = ﺑbiwezhbezha ﮋﻩŒ ﺑliterature
bezhân ﮋانŒ ﺑbezhe- ﮋێŒ ﺑv.t. to sift
bibiřây ایÉ ﺑــــــــــــnever: ~ ~ nâchimawa
gund I’ll never ever go back to the
village
bibû ( ﺑـــــﺒـــــﻮوpast perf. of bûn) s/he had
been: dawlat a khâwanqudratakân i
dîka ka la shař’dâ peroz bibûn the
other powerful states that had been
victorious in the war
bichkoł ﮑﯚڵÊ little, small
bichûk ﻮوکÊ small, little
biłâw وË ﺑــــــwidespread; ~-kirdin v.t. to
spread, publish, publicize; ~ kirdinawa v.t. to broadcast, publish; ~akirdin ـــــﺮدنB وﻩË ﺑـــــv.t. to disperse, go
away: khałk biłâwayân kird the people dispersed
biłbił Çﺒk ﺑnightingale
biłesa ﺴﻪŒk ﺑfiery
bilind ﺑﻠﻨﺪhigh, exalted
biłîmat ; ـﻤـﻪتkﺑ
ـ ـgenius, clever; ~î ; ـﻤـﻪﰏkـ ـﺑ
cleverness
bilwer ـﺮ¤ ﺑ ـﻠ ـﻮreed flute; ~ le-dân to play
the flute
bin –ــﻦbottom; ~amâł(a) ﺑــﻨــﻪﻣــﺎڵfamily;
~jor ﺑــﻨــﺠــﯚرcurious, inquisitive; ~jorî
ــﺑﻨﺠـﯚریcuriosity; ~mil ـــﻤـﻞž ﺑnape of the
neck
bina ﺑﻨﻪbaggage, belongings
binâgha ﺑﻨــﺎ™ـﻪfoundation; ~ dâ-rishtin to
lay a foundation
binâr ﺑﻨﺎرmountain skirt, foothill
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SORANI KURDISH
binesht ﺸﺖŒ ﺑﻨchewing gum
binj ﺑﻨﺞroot
binyâdam ;ﺎدﻩمÀ ﺑhuman
binyât ـــﺎت
;À ﺑfoundation; ~-nân v.t. to lay
a foundation, to construct
biř g –ـــــbit: biřèk âw’im da give me a bit
of water; (2) piece (of wood): dû biř
dâr bena bring two sticks of wood;
(3) group: tûsh i biř a pyâwe bûm I
met a group of men; (4) power,
strength; ~-dân v.t. to flow: am rûbâra biř nâdâ this river doesn’t flow; ~kirdin v.t. to have strength: biř nâkam l’ am kefá sar kawim I can’t
make it to the top of this mountain; to
be effective: tâ châw ~-kât as far as
the eye can see; ~ le-dân v.t. to shuffle (cards); tař u ~ gــــº ﺗــــﻪڕوdrenched:
kirâsakám tař u biř a my shirt’s
drenched; la ~ altogether: bar i am
gwezá la biř chand a? how much
does this walnut tree produce altogether?
biraw –ــــــﺮﻩوpopularity; ~ paydâ-kirdin
v.t. to be popular
birâ –ﺮاbrother; ~yâna ﻧﻪp –ﺮاbrotherly
biřân انg–. See biřrân.
birdin –ـــــﺮدنba- ( ﺑـــــﻪv.t., 3rd sing. pres.
dabâ(t); impt. sing. (bi)bara) to take,
carry; ~à sar –ـﺮدﻧـﻪ ﺳـﻪرto spend (time):
am shawá l’era bibaynà sar let’s
spend tonight here; dar-~ to endure
biretî la v ﱴl –ﺮconsisting of
birinj –ﺮﱋuncooked rice
birinja –ﺮﳒﻪcopper
biřisht ﺷـﺖg –ـfertile ground; power, ability
biřist ﺳﺖg– power
birîn ـﻦa –ـﺮwound; ~dâr –ـﺮ ـﯾﻨـﺪارwounded;
~pech ´ﭻÎ –ﺮﯾﻨnurse
biřîn ـﻦag –ـbiř- g –ـv.t. to cut; dar-~ to disclose, reveal; châw-~ la to be hopeful
of; qsa pe-~ to interrupt: ba tundî
qsakám pe biřî u gutim I quickly
interrupted him and said
birîq|adâr –ـــﺮﯾـــﻘـــﻪدارshiny; ~ân –ـــﺮﯾـــﻘـــﺎن
birîqe- ‰ –ﺮﯾﻘv.i. to shine, to sparkle
birîtî = –ﺮﯾﱴbiretî
biro –ﺮۆeyebrow
birrân1 –ـــــــﺮرانbirre- –ـــــــﺮرێpassive of
birdin in all senses; la nâw ~ to be
done away with
biřrân2 رانg –ــــــbiřre- رێg( –ــــــpassive of
biřîn) (1) to be cut: ba tawir dâraká
biřrâ the tree was cut with an ax; (2)
to be finished, to be no more: nânmân
la mâł biřrâ there is no more food in
our house; ~awa to cease: tâwe bârân
nábiř-râyawa the rain didn’t cease for
a time; dâ-~ to cut off; hał-~ la to
part from, get separated from: la dostakáy hałbiřrâ he parted from his
friend
birs|ân –ـﺮﺳـﺎنhunger; ~iyatî ﻴـﻪﰏ8ﺳ
–ـﺮ ــhunger; ~î – ـﺮﳻhungry: birsîma I’m hungry
birwâ –ــــﺮواbelief; ~-kirdin ba v.t. to believe in; (2) permission; ~-dân v.t. to
allow, let: diłim biřwâ nâdât châwim
ba minâłî bikawe I don’t have the
heart to look at his child; ~nâma
–ﺮوا‡ﻣﻪdiploma
biryâ p –ـــــﺮwould that (+ past conditional): ~ aw kâráy nakirdibâya would
that he hadn’t done that
biřyâr رpg –ـــــــdecision; ~-dân v.t. to decide; ~-nân v.t. to decide; la ~
henânà khwârawa to make one
change one’s mind: hîch shitèk la
biřyâr i khoy nayhenâyà khwârawa
nothing could make him change his
mind
birzhân –ـــــــﺮژانbirzhe- –ـــــــﺮژێv.i. to be
roasted
birzhândin –ـﺮژاﻧـﺪنbirzhen- ـﻦ¤ –ـﺮژv.t. to
roast
birzhâng ﮓs –ﺮژاeyelash
bitâqa ﺑﺘﺎﻗﻪticket
biv ﺑﭫbuzz
biwe ( ﺑـﻮێpres. subj. of wîstin, with pro-
172
SORANI–ENGLISH VOCABULARY
nominal affix, e.g., -im biwe)
biyânû ﺑﻴﺎﻧﻮوpretext
biza –ﺰﻩlaugh, laughter
bizâwtin ﻦŽ –ﺰاوbizâw- –ﺰاوv.t. to shake
bizhâr-kirdin ـــﺮدنB –ـــﮋارv.t. to weed out,
eradicate
bizhârdin –ـﮋاردنbizher- ـﺮ¤ –ـﮋv.t. to weed
out, eradicate; hał-~ to select, choose
bizhîw –ﮋﯾﻮsubstance
bizin –ﺰنgoat
bizirk|ân –ـﺰرﰷنbizirke- ‰ –ـﺰرﮐـv.t. to lose;
rang hał-~ân to lose color, grow
pale; rang-hał~âw ــﱫرﰷوTــﮕــﻬــﻪs رﻩpale,
“white as a sheet” (with fright)
bizmâr –ـﺰﻣـﺎرnail; ~-kirdin v.t. to nail; ~krân v.p. to be nailed
bizûtin ــــﻦŽ –ــــﺰووbizû- –ــــﺰووv.i. to move,
budge, stir
bizw|ân –ــــﺰوانbizwe- –ــــﺰوێv.i. to shake
(int.), quiver; ~ândin –ــﺰواﻧــﺪنbizwenـﻦ¤ –ـﺰوv.t. to shake (trs.); ~enar ـﻨـﻪرl–ـﺰو
quivering, tremulous
bizwen ﻦ¤ –ﺰوvowel
bîbila ƒـــ
m›ﺑ, bîbîla ƒــــ
;Ò ﺑﻴpupil (of the eye):
la bîbila i châwî pitir khosh dawîst he
was the apple of his eye
bîn ﺑــــﲔbreath; ~-keshân v.t. to hold the
breath; ~akeshî ـﺸـﯽŒـﻪﮐـž ﺑـ›ـholding the
breath
bînar ﻪرž› ﺑviewer
bîndrân ـﺪرانž›ﺑ
ـ ـbîndre- ـﺪرێž› ـ ـﺑv.p. to be
seen
bînîn ـــﲔÀ ﺑـــﻴـــbîn- ﺑـــﲔv.t. to see (see also
dîn)
bîr1 ﺑـﲑmemory, mind; ~-kirdin(awa) la
to think of; ba ~’dâ hâtin to remember: wâm ba bîr’dâ hât ka… I remembered that…; ba ~ henânawa to remind; la ~ bûn to remember: awânim
la bîrin I remember them; la ~ chûn
to forget; la ~ mân to remain in the
memory; ~henânawa ــﻨــﺎﻧــﻪوﻩ² ﺑــﲑﻫــreminder; ~urâ ﺑـــﲑوڕاthinking (darbâra
i about)
bîr2 ﺑﲑwater well
bîs- ﺑ›ﺲpres. stem of bîstin
bîst ﺑ›ﺴﺖtwenty
bîstin ﺑ›ﺴﱳbîs- ﺑ›ﺲv.t. to hear
bîstrân ﺑـ›ـﺴـﱰانbîstre- ﺑـ›ـﺴـﱰێv.p. to be
heard
bo ﺑــــــــــــﯚto, for; why?, what for?; ~ chi
why?, what for?; ~ awaî (+ subj.) in
order that
bo-chûn ﺑــﯚﭼــﻮونv.i. to think, to have an
opinion; bochûn opinion
boga ﺑـﯚﮔـﻪmalodorous plants that animals
will not eat
bokho ﺑﯚﺧﯚselfish; ~î selfishness
bołaboł ﻪﺑﯚڵT ﺑﯚroaring, rumbling
bon ﺑــــﯚنsmell; ~-kirdin v.t. to smell, to
smell bad, to stink
bona ﺑـﯚﻧـﻪcause, pretext; ba ~ i …awa on
the occasion of
bor ﺑﯚرgray
boř1 ﺑﯚڕwave; ~-khwârdin v.t. to swell
boř2 ﺑـــــــﯚڕloss (at a game); ~-khwârdin
v.t. to lose (game): bořit khwârd you
lost; ~-dân v.t. to beat (at a game):
bořim dây(t) I beat you
bora ﺑــــــــــــــﯚرﻩignoble; fallow, infertile;
~pyâg ﺑـﯚرﻩﭘﻴــﺎگcommon peron, person
of no name or consequence
borân ﺑﯚرانstorm
bořân ﺑــﯚڕانmooing of cows; bleating of
sheep
bosh ﺑﯚشempty
bota = ﺑﯚﺗﻪbûwata. See bûn.
bóya ﺑﯚﯾﻪfor that reason
boyâkh خp ﺑﯚshoe polish
boynbâgh ﺎغmÀ ﺑﯚﯾnecktie
brâ = –ﺮاbirâ
Brîtânyâ –ـــﺮﯾـــﺘـــﺎﻧـــﻴـــﺎBritain; ~ yi Kabîr
–ﺮﯾﺘﺎﻧﻴﺎی ﮐﻪﺑﲑGreat Britain
bukhcha ﻪÂ ﺑﻮﺧbundle
bukhtân ـﺎنµﺧ
ﺑـﻮ ـslander; ~-kirdin ba v.t.
to slander; ~-rek-khistin bo v.t. to
make up slander about: ~èk i gawra’y
bo kichaká rek-khist he made up great
slander about the girl
bulbul ﺑﻮﻟﺒﻮلnightingale
173
SORANI KURDISH
buwârdin = ﺑﻮواردنbwârdin
bûchik ﺑﻮو¸ﮏlittle, small
bûk ﺑﻮوکbride; doll, puppet
bûł ﺑﻮوڵashes
bûmalarza رزﻩv ﺑﻮوﻣﻪearthquake
bûn ﺑـــــﻮونb- (v.i., past perf. bibû) to be,
to become, to happen: agar bet u (+
subj) if it should happen that…; ~awa
to be repeated, happen again: …èk
nabetawa a unique …; ~awa la to be
done with, be finished with; ~ ba to
become: aw bû ba pâshâ he became
king; ~ u na~ to be almost, not to
quite be: bayânî rozh bûwa u nabûwa
in the morning when it was not quite
daylight; (d)ábe(t) (+ subj.) must:
dabe royshtibe he must have gone
bûř = ﺑﻮوڕbûł
bûrdin ﺑــــﻮوردنbûr- ﺑــــﻮورv.t. to forgive:
bímbûra excuse me
bûzhân ﺑــﻮوژانbûzhe- ﺑــﻮوژێv.t. to grow,
sprout; ~awa to flourish, enjoy life
bwâra ﺑﻮارﻩfront (military)
bwârdin ﺑــــﻮاردنbwer- ــــﺮ¤ ﺑــــﻮv.t. to pass
(time); râ-~ to spend (time): khoshmân râbwârd we had a good time;
khosh’î râbwârdûa he enjoyed life;
mâwayèk râbwârd a period of time
passed
byânî ﺑﻴﺎﱏforeign
chak ¸ـــــــــــــــﻪکweapon, arms; ~badast
armed; ba ~awa ﺑ ـﻪ¸ ـﻪﮐ ـﻪوﻩarmed; be~
unarmed
chakhmâkh ¸ﻪﺧﲈخflint, lighter
chakma ¸ﻪﳈﻪboot
chakush ﻮشB ¸ﻪhammer
chal ¸ﻪلtime; galèk ~ân many times
chałama ـﻪﻣـﻪT ¸ـﻪquandry, dilemma: tang
u ~ i awa’m kawtà bar I was caught
in a real dilemma
cham ¸ﻪمriver, stream
cham|ândin ¸ـﻪﻣـﺎﻧـﺪنchamen- ـﻦŒ ¸ـﻪ ـﻣv.t.
to bend, curve; ~înawa ﻣ;ﻨـﻪوﻩ
¸ـﻪ ـ ـv.i. to
bend over, bow
chanachan-kirdin ــﺮدنB ¸ــﻪﻧــﻪ¸ــﻪنv.t. to
talk at length, chatter
chanâga ¸ﻪ‡ﮔﻪchin
chand ¸ــــــﻪﻧــــــﺪhow much?, how many?
(usually followed by indef. sing.): ~
rozhèk how many days?; few, several:
aw chand rozhá those few days
chap ¸ﻪپleft: dast i ~ left hand
chapał ¸ﻪﭘﻪڵfilthy; ~î filth
chapła ــﻪk ¸ـﻪﭘapplause; ~-ledân bo v.t. to
applaud for: khałk chapła’yân bo ledâ
the people applauded for him; ~rezân
applause
chapok ¸ـــﻪﭘـــﯚکslap; ~-keshân ba sar i
… v.t. to slap on the head
chaqân ¸ـﻪﻗـﺎنchaqe- Õ ¸ـﻪv.i. to sink to/
into the ground: rîshakân chaqân the
roots sank into the earth; ~din ¸ـﻪﻗـﺎﻧـﺪن
chaqen- ــــﻦŒ ¸ــــﻪﻗــــv.t. to stick into the
ground: nezay da zawî chaqând he
stuck his lance into the ground; hał~din da to scratch: diřkekî te hałchaqândim a thorn scratched me
chaqîn = ¸ﻪﻗﲔchaqân
chaqo ¸ﻪﻗﯚknife
chařchařa ¸ﻪڕ¸ﻪڕﻩcrank
charkh ¸ـــــــــﻪرخwheel; cigarette lighter;
century; ~-u-khul ¸ــــﻪرخ و ﺧــــﻮلtwist
and turn
charmasare ¸ـﻪرﻣـﻪﺳـﻪرێsuffering, hardship
chashma ¸ﻪﴰﻪsleight-of-hand trick
chashn ¸ــﻪﺷــﻦsort, type; manner: b’ am
chashná in this way; hama~a of
every sort, miscellaneous
chata ¸ﻪﺗﻪhighway robber
chatâł ڵc ¸ــــــــــﻪfork; a wooden or metal
fork on which a gun is set for stability
chaw1 ¸ﻪوgravel, sand
chaw2 = ¸ﻪوchâw
chawr ¸ـــــــــــــﻪورgrease; ~-kirdin v.t. to
grease, slick down
chaws|ân ¸ـﻪوﺳـﺎنchawse- ‰ ¸ـﻪوﺳـv.i. to
suffer; ~ândin ¸ــــﻪوﺳــــﺎﻧــــﺪنchawsenـــﻦŒ ¸ـــﻪوﺳـــv.t. to torment; ~ândinawa
174
SORANI–ENGLISH VOCABULARY
¸ﻪوﺳﺎﻧﺪﻧﻪوﻩtorture, torment, tyranny
châ ¸ﺎwell
châdir ¸ﺎدرtent
châk ¸ـــــﺎکgood; ~-bûnawa to recover;
~-kirdin to make good, fix, restore;
~a good deed; la ~a darchûn to repay a kindness: tâ mâwim la châkat
darnâchim as long as I live I’ll never
be able to repay your kindness; ~kirdinawa ﺮدﻧﻪوﻩB ¸ﺎکimprovement
châkata ¸˜ﮐﻪﺗﻪjacket
châł ¸ـــــــﺎڵpit: har kas ~e bo khałkî hałkane, bo khoy te dakawe he who digs
a pit for another falls into it (“hoisted
on his own pitard”); ~âw وŸ ¸ﺎwell
châlâk ¸ــــــــــــﺎﻻکnimble, quick; useful;
right; ~î ¸ﺎﻻﰽeffort, effectiveness
châłma ﻤﻪT ¸ﺎtobacco pouch; alarm clock
chândin ¸ﺎﻧﺪنchen- ﻦŒ¸ v.t. to plant
châp ¸ـﺎپprinting; ~khâna ـﺎﻧـﻪØ ¸ـﺎ ـﭘprinting house, publishing house; la ~
drân v.p. to be printed
châr = ¸ﺎرchâra
châra ¸ـﺎرﻩhelp, remedy; be~ ـﺎرﻩ²ﺑ
ــhelpless; ~-kirdin v.t. to remedy; ~sar
¸ــــﺎرﻩﺳــــﻪرremedy; ~sar-kirdin v.t. to
remedy
chârak ¸ـﺎرﻩکquarter: ~ saâtèk a quarter
of an hour
châraka = ¸ﺎرﻩﮐﻪchârok
châranûs ¸ﺎرﻩﻧﻮوسfate
chârok ¸ﺎرۆکwoman’s shawl
châw ¸ـــﺎوeye; expectation; ~ garm kirdin v.t. to take a nap; ~ kawtin ba v.i.
to see: châwim pey dakawt I used to
see him; ~ sûr-kirdinawa la v.t. to
glare at: kârakar châw’î le sûr kirdimawa the servant glared at me; ~biřîn la v.t. to be hopeful of; ~gařândin v.t. to look around; ~-geřân
= châw-gařândin; ~-hał-hâtin la v.i.
to approve of: châwim hałnâye la kâr
i wâ nâhaq I don’t approve of such a
dishonest thing; ~-hał-henân ba v.t.
to envy, afflict with the evil eye: châ-
wit pe hałdene she is envious of you;
~-hał-takândin v.t. to motion with
the eye and eyebrow; ~-lek-nân v.t.
to close the eyes; ~-qûchândin v.t. to
close the eyes; ~-spî-kirdin v.t. to
make someone weep (over a death):
châwit spî da-kam “you’ll be sorry
when I’m dead”; bar~ kawtin to be
seen, spotted: pařèk i jwân’î barchâw
kawt he spotted a beautiful feather; la
bar ~ bûn to be clear, obvious
châwa ¸ﺎوﻩspring
châwaře ¸ــــــﺎوﻩڕێexpectant, waiting; ~kirdin ــﺮدنB ¸ــﺎوﻩڕێv.t. to wait for: ba
je’m hesht ba be awaî châwaře i bâqî
i pârakám bikam I left him without
waiting for my change
châwařwân-kirdin ـــﺮدنB ¸ـــﺎوﻩڕوانv.t. to
wait for
châwařwânî ¸ﺎوﻩڕواﱏexpectation
châwbałak ــﻪکT ¸ــﺎوﺑــﻪperson with black
eyes and white skin
châwbast ¸ﺎوﺑﻪﺳﺖblindfold, deception
châwchinok ﯚکž ¸ﺎوﭼmiserly, stingy
châwenî ﲎl ¸ﺎوevil eye
châwga ¸ﺎوﮔﻪview, scenery
châwîlka ¸ﺎوﯾﻠﮑﻪeyeglasses
châwlabar ﺑﻪرv ¸ﺎوexpectant
châwladwâ دواv ¸ﺎوhopeful
châwpekawtin ﻦŽﮑﻪو² ¸ﺎوﭘinterview
châwqâyim ¸ﺎوﻗﺎﱘimpudent, bold
châwrûnî ¸ـﺎورووﱏgood news, congratulations
châwtârîk ﮏaرc ¸ﺎوpessimist
châwtirsen ــﻦŒـﺮﺳŽ ¸ـﺎوa lesson learned; ~kirdin v.t. to teach a lesson
châwyâr رp ¸ﺎوwatchman
chây ¸ﺎیtea; ~khâna ¸ﺎﳜﺎﻧﻪteahouse
che-kirdin ــــــﺮدنB ‰ ﭼــــــv.t. to fix, make,
build
chek, har ( ﻫـﻪر ﭼ´ــﮏfor har chièk) every
thing
chen- ﻦŒ¸ pres. stem of chândin
chesht ﺸﺖŒ¸ lunch
chezh- ﮋŒ¸ pres. stem of chishtin
175
SORANI KURDISH
chi (1) چwhat? (interrogative pronoun);
(2) that which (relative pronoun); (3)
thing: chiyân nâbe they have nothing; bo awaî ~ (+ subj.) in order that;
chi…chi whether…or: chi râst u chi
diro whether right or wrong
chikân ﭼـــــﲀنv.i. to drip; to dry up (of a
well or spring); ~awa ﭼــــﲀﻧــــﻪوﻩv.t. to
thicken (of liquids)
chil ¸ﻞforty
chił Ǹ branch, stalk
chiłakân ــﻪﰷنk¸ chiłake- ‰ــﻪﮐـk¸ v.i.: dâ-~
to be shocked; dâ-~din chiłaken- v.t.
to shock; râ-~ v.i. to be shocked
chiłkin ﮑﻦk¸ dirty, unclean; dark (cloud)
chilon ¸ ـﻠ ـﯚنhow: estâ dazânî rûdâwaká
chilon bûwa now you know how the
event was
chimcha ﻪÂÛ spoon
chinândin ــﺎﻧــﺪنž ﭼــchinen- ــﻦŒــž ﭼــv.t. to
mend, patch
ching ﮓž ﭼclaw, talon
chingâł ﮕﺎڵž ﭼfork
chinîn ــــــﲔž ﭼــــــv.t. to weave; to reap; to
pick (fruit); to pile up; hał-~ v.t. to
pile up; tang ~ ba to hold tight; to
squeeze tightly; to squeeze the life of
out s.th.
chipa u sirta ﻪ و ﴎﺗﻪÜ ﭼwhispering
chipândin ﺎﻧﺪنÜ = ﭼchirpândin
chiř (1) g ﭼـdense (forest): dâristânèk i ~
a dense forest; (2) firm, unyielding: ~
darpeya he’s standing firm; (3) steep:
shâkhèk i ~ a steep mountain; (4)
song: ~e bichira sing a song; ~-dân
to tie tight: ~î da bâ nakire-tawa tie it
tight so it won’t come loose; ~ u
châw face: ~ u châwit bisho wash
your face
chirâ ﭼﺮاlamp
chiřândin اﻧـﺪنg ﭼـchiřen- ـﻦ¤g ﭼـv.t. to rip,
tear; to call out to someone
chirch ﭼـــــﺮچwrinkle: ~ hałhâtûa it’s all
wrinkled
chiřîn ﻦag ﭼv.t. to sing
chirpândin ﭼـﺮﭘـﺎﻧـﺪنchirpen- ــﻦŒ ﭼـﺮﭘv.t. to
whisper
chirt ﭼـــﺮتnoise, sound; ~a~ ﭼـــﺗﺮـــﻪﭼـــﺮت
commotion, uproar
chiryâ pﭼـــــــــــــﺮ: ~eke October; ~didwâ
November
chishtin ﭼــﺸــﱳchezh- ــﮋŒ ¸ــv.t. to taste,
experience
chit ﭼﺖthing (= shit)
chito ﯚµ ﭼhow?
chî = ﭼﯽchi
chîn ¸ــــﲔgeneration; wrinkle; China; ~î
ﭼ;ﲎChinese
chîř-bûnawa ﺑﻮوﻧﻪوﻩݸ v.i. to snarl
chîřok ۆکÝ ¸ــــــstory; ~vân ــــــﻮانBۆݸــــــ
storyteller
chîtir =( ﭼ;ــﱰhîch i tir): … nabe ~ niya
is nothing but …
chok ﭼـــــﯚکknee; ~ dâ-dân v.t. to kneel
down
choł ﭼــــــــﯚڵdesert, wilderness; ~-kirdin
v.t. to desert, vacate a place; ~awân(î)
ـﻪواﱏT ﭼـﯚwilderness; ~parist ﭙـﻪرﺳـﺖTﭼـﯚ ـ
nomad, desert dweller
chołaka ﻪﮐﻪT ﭼﯚsparrow
chom ﭼﯚمriver
chon ﭼــــــــﯚنhow?: chonî how are you?;
what sort of: wara bitbînim chon pyâwèkî come let me see what kind of
man you are; ~èk ـــﮏ² ﭼـــﯚﻧـــsomehow:
har chonèk be somehow or other; ~etî
ـﱴŒ~ = ﭼـﯚـﻧiyatî; ~iyatî ﭼـﯚـﻧﻴـﻪﰏmanner,
(+ inf.) how to: shaw u rozh la marâq
i chonetî i daskawtin i am kich i shâ i
parîâná’dâ bû day and night he was
wondering how to get hold of this
daughter of the king of the peris; ~ka
ﮑﻪs ﭼﯚbecause, since
chonar ﭼﯚﻧﻪرbeet
choqân ﭼـﯚﻗـﺎنchoqe- Õ ﭼـﯚv.i. to sizzle;
to tremble; ~din ﭼـﯚﻗـﺎﻧـﺪنchoqen- ــﻦŒﭼـﯚﻗ
v.t. to heat oil to the sizzling point; to
tremble
choř ﭼــــﯚڕdrop, drip; ~ânawa ﭼــــﯚڕاﻧــــﻪوﻩ
choře- ﭼـــــــــــﯚڕێv.i. to drip, to fall in
176
SORANI–ENGLISH VOCABULARY
drops; ~âwga ﭼﯚڕاوﮔﻪtrickle of blood
chortka ﮑﻪŽ ﭼﯚرabacus
chotà = ﭼﯚﺗﻪchûwatà. See chûn.
chukłaqulâp ﻪﻗﻮﻻپk ﭼﻮﮐfishing rod
chúnka ﮑﻪs = ﭼﻮchónka
churt ﭼﻮرتnap; ~-dân v.t. to take a nap
chûk ﭼـــــــــــﻮوکpinnacle of a mountain;
foreskin; small, small amount: ~a
tawizhmèk a little pressure; boundary
chûn ﭼــــــــﻮونch- v.i. to go; ~ ba to pass
(of time): baynèk’î pe chû some time
passed (for him/her); min darom—
chand rozhèk’im pe dache I’m going—I’ll be gone for a few days; ~ la
to look like: har la kuř a pâshâ’yân
dache he looks just like a prince to
them; dar-~ to turn out, come out; to
run off/away; te hał-~ to get started;
~à darawa to go out(side)
chûnka ﮑﻪs = ﭼﻮوchonka
chûz ﭼـــــــــــــﻮوزstraight line; circle; line,
queue
chûza ﭼﻮوزﻩstinger (insect)
chûzân ﭼـــــــﻮوزانchûze- ﭼـــــــﻮوزێv.i. to
burn, sting (as sun-burned skin)
chwâr ﭼــــــﻮارfour; ~am ﭼــــــﻮارﻩمfourth;
~mashqî ﺷﻘـﯽ
ﭼـﻮارﻣـﻪ ـcrosslegged; ~pal
ﭼـﻮارﭘـﻪلquadruped; ~shamma ﭼـﻮارﺷـﻪﳑـﻪ
Wednesday; ~shâna ﭼـــﻮارﺷـــﺎﻧـــﻪbroadshouldered
chyâ ﭼ;ﺎmountain
da1 دﻩparticle occurring with imperative
da2 ( دﻩprep., with pre- or postposed
pronominal encl., te) in, into, on
da3 دﻩten; ~ham دﻩﻫﻪمtenth
da- دﻩhabitual and progressive verbal
prefix
dabân دﻩ¶نsteel
dafr دﻩﻓﺮpot
dak دﻩکexpletive of amazement
dakhîl دﻩﺧ;ــﻞone taken under protection;
~itim دﻩﺧ;ﻠﱲplease, I beg you
dał دﻩڵthe female of many animals,
she-; ~adew ــــﻮlــــﻪدT دﻩshe-demon; ~a-
wirch ﻪ ورچT دﻩshe-bear
dalasa ﺳﻪv دﻩexaggeration
dalâqa دﻩﻻﻗﻪshelf, trap door
dalîl دﻩﻟﻴﻞreason, reasoning
dam1 دﻩمmoment; ba ~ …awa while,
during: ba ~ pekanînawa while laughing; ~e at once; ~èk-a/bû for a while,
zor damèk a/bû for a long time
dam2 دﻩمmouth; ~-kirdin v.t. to speak;
~ kut-kirdin v.t. to silence, cut s.o.
off; ba ~awa girtin v.t. to mention,
speak of; la ~awa dâ-nân v.t. to give
birth to; la ~ dân v.t. to embarrass;
~aqâłe ‰ـT دﻩﻣـﻪﻗـﺎverbal quarrel; ~ataqe
Õ دﻩﻣـــــــــﻪﺗـــــــــﻪdialogue, conversation;
~pârâw ــﺎراوÜ دﻩﻣeloquent, well-spoken;
~qiře ێg دﻩﻣـــﻘـــverbal quarrel; ~tang دﻩ
ـــﮓsـــﻪµ ﻣـــnarrow-necked; ba sar ~’dâ
face down; la bar~ i …(’dâ) in front
of, before
dam3 دﻩمpower; ~-u-dazgâ i dawłatî دﻩم
ـﻪﰏT و دﻩزﮔـﺎى دﻩوstate apparatus, government administration; ~-u-dû دﻩم و دوو
power of expression; cleverness
damałqopân ــﻘــﯚﭘــﺎنT دﻩﻣــﻪbaggy Kurdish
trousers
damâr دﻩﻣـــــــﺎرvein, root: am bardá, damârî la khâk’dâ ya this rock is firmly
rooted in the ground
danâ ‡ دﻩotherwise, if not
dang ـﮓs دﻩsound, voice; vote; ~-dân v.t.
to vote; ~-dânawa v.t. to reverberate,
echo; ~a~ ـﮓsﮕـﻪدﻩs دﻩ ـnoise, outcry; be~
ﮓsﺪﻩ² ﺑsilent; be~î ﮕﯽsﺪﻩ² ﺑsilence
danûk دﻩﻧﻮوکbird’s beak
daqîqa دﻩﻗ;ﻘﻪminute
dar دﻩرout; ba ~awa out, outside; ~è
دﻩرێoutside; hâtinà ~e v.i. to come
out, turn out
dar- دﻩرcmpd. vb. agent, see dar-birîn,
dar-chûn, dar-henân, dar-kawtin; ~kirdin v.t. to put out
dara دﻩرﻩvalley; ~bag دﻩرﻩﺑـــــــــﻪگfeudal
lord; ~bagî دﻩرﻩﺑ ـﻪﮔ ـﯽfeudal, feudal period
177
SORANI KURDISH
daraja دﻩرﻩ•ﻪrank, degree
darakî دﻩرﻩﰽestranged, foreigner, stranger; bûn ba ~ to be “out in the cold”
darâmat دﻩراﻣﻪتincome
darbadar دﻩرﺑــــــﻪدﻩرhomeless; ~î homelessness
darbâra i دﻩر¶رﻩیabout, concerning
darbâz ﺑﻪر¶زdelivered, saved
darbiřîn ـﻦag ﺑـﻪر–ـconfession, plain speaking
dar-chûn la qsa i … ﻗ ـﺴ ـﻪیv دﻩرﭼ ـﻮونto
disobey
dard دﻩردpain, trouble; ~-dân ba to give
trouble to: dardèkî pe dâyn it gave us
some trouble; dard i sar دﻩردی ﺳـــــــــﻪر
headache, trouble
darenân ﻨﺎنl = دﻩرdar-henân
darfat دﻩرﻓﻪتopportunity
dargâ دﻩرﮔـــــﺎdoor; la ~ drân for a knock
to come at a door: la dargâ dadre
there comes a knock at the door
darhaq دﻩرﻫﻪقwith regard to
dark دﻩرکdoor
darkhwârd i دﻩرﺧﻮاردیworthy of
darmân دﻩرﻣـــــﺎنmedicine, remedy; gunpowder; ~khâna دﻩرﻣـﺎﳔـﺎﻧـﻪpharmacy; ~
i behoshî ــــﻬــــﯚﳽ² دﻩرﻣــــﺎﱏ ﺑــــknock-out
drops, sleeping potion
dar-pařândin دﻩرﭘﻪڕاﻧﺪن. See pařândin.
dar-pařendrân ـﻨـﺪرانlدﻩرﭘـﻪڕ. See pařendrân.
darpe ‰Šدﻩرﭘـــــ, darpî ﯽŠ دﻩرﭘـــــunderwear,
drawers
dars دﻩرسlesson; ~-dân v.t. to teach; ~khwendin v.t. to study
daru دﻩروnarrow valley; ~yek-girtin la
v.t. to put someone in a tight spot
darûn دﻩروونinterior, inside
darwesh ــــــــﺶâ دﻩروdervish; ~î of or pertaining to dervishes: jil u barg i darweshî dervish costume
darz1 دﻩرزcrack
darz2 = دﻩرزdars
das- دﻩسfor all words beginning with
das-, see under dast
dasbaje ‰ﺒﻪﺟ8 = دﻩﺳdastbaje
dasht دﻩﺷ ـﺖdesert, plain; ~akî ـﺘ ـﻪﰽ8دﻩﺷ ـ
villager
dast دﻩﺳـــــــــﺖhand, arm (verbal expressions involving dast are given below;
for all other compounds, see alphabetically); ba ~ henân v.t. to get, acquire; ba ~ gayshtin v.i. to come to
hand, to be received; ~ ba âw gayândin v.t. to go to the bath-room; ~ bardân la to cease: dastî la kâr bardâ he
stopped working; ~ biłind-kirdin v.t.
to resist; ~-birdin bo v.t. to fiddle
with, to stretch out the hand for; ~bizâw-tin v.t. to poke, push; ~ bo
dam meager existence, hand-tomouth; ~-dânà …awa v.t. to undertake, carry out: dastim dâyà payjoîèk i
zortir-awa I carried out more research; ~drezhî kirdinà sar v.t. to
rape, violate; ~ hał-girtin la v.t. to
quit, leave alone: dastim le hałgrin
leave me alone; ~-kawtin v.i. to get,
acquire; ~-kirdin ba v.t. to reach for;
to start (+ inf): dastî kird ba pekanîn
he started laughing; ~-kirdinà … to
put one’s hand/arm on/around: dastî
kirdà mil i bâwikî he put his arm
around his father’s neck; ~ la pisht
dân v.t. to pat on the back, to encourage; ~ pân-kirdinawa v.t. to beg;
~ pe-kirdin (+ inf.) to begin, start
(do-ing): khwendin i khoy dast pe-kird
he began studying; ~ pewa girtin v.t.
to save, be frugal; ~-nân ba rû…awa
to turn someone away; ~-parzhân v.i.
to have an opportunity: dastit daparzhe kâre-kim bo bikay? do you have
the time to do something for me?
dastim nâparzhe I don’t have the
time, I can’t get to it; ~-qutân to
grope; ~-qûchândin v.t. to be stingy;
~ tekał-kirdin lagał to have carnal
relations with; ~ u dił yekî-girtin v.t.
to be at ease, have peace of mind:
178
SORANI–ENGLISH VOCABULARY
khałk îtir dast u dił’yân yekî nadagirt
the people no longer had any peace of
mind; ~-washândin v.t. to wave; la
bar ~ i …dâ in front of, in the presence of, with
dast- دﻩﺳﺖfor dawast- (see wastân)
dasta ـــــﺘـــــﻪ8 دﻩﺳـــــbunch, group, set; ~-udâyara ﺘﻪ و داﯾﻪرﻩ8 دﻩﺳretinue
dastabar ﺘﻪﺑﻪر8 دﻩﺳguarantor
dastałât تŸـــﺘـــﻪ8 دﻩﺳـــauthority; ~dâr authority, one in authority; be~î lack of
authority
dastamo ﺘﻪﻣﯚ8 دﻩﺳtame
dastasiř gﺘﻪﺳ8 دﻩﺳhandkerchief
dastaw-azhno ـﺘـﻪوﺋـﻪﻧژـﯚ8 دﻩﺳـgrieving, bereaved
dastawâna ﺘﻪواﻧﻪ8 دﻩﺳglove
dastândast ـﺘـﺎﻧـﺪﻩﺳـﺖ8 دﻩﺳـnearby, next to
one another: gund i ema u gund i ewa
~in your village and ours are next to
each other
dastâw ﺘﺎو8 دﻩﺳbathroom, toilet
dastâwdast ــــﺘــﺎودﻩﺳــﺖ8 دﻩﺳfrom hand to
hand, from one person to another
dastâwez ﺰ¤ﺘﺎو8 دﻩﺳpretext; gift
dastbaje ‰ﻪﺟmn دﻩﺳimmediately, at once
dastbarsar ـــﻪرﺳـــﻪرmـــn دﻩﺳـــunder surveillance; under guard
dastbasta ﺘـﻪ8ﺳ
ـﻪ ــmnﺳ
دﻩ ـ ـhands tied, incapable, unable, total surrender
dastbatâł ڵcﻪmn دﻩﺳidle
dastbiłâw وËmn دﻩﺳspendthrift
dastbiř É ـﺘ ـ8 دﻩﺳ ـone who fools or plays a
trick
dastdrezh ـﮋ¤ﺘـﺪر8ﺳ
دﻩ ــaggressive, usurper,
influential
dastgir-bûn ــــﺘــﮕــﺮ ﺑــﻮون8 دﻩﺳv.i. to be acquired: hîchyân das(t)gîr nâbe they
acquire nothing, they wind up with
nothing
dasthaq ﳤﻪق8 دﻩﺳwage
dastik ﺘﮏ8 دﻩﺳhandle, grip; bunch
dastkârî-kiran ـﺮانB ـﺘ ـﲀری8 دﻩﺳ ـv.p. to be
tampered with
dastkhat ﻪتØﺘ8 دﻩﺳhandwriting
dastnakhurda ﻪﺧﻮردﻩžn دﻩﺳuntouched
dastnûs ﻮوسžn دﻩﺳmanuscript
dastnwezh ـﮋ¤ ـﻮž ـn دﻩﺳ ـablutions; ~-girtin
v.t. to make ablutions (for prayer)
dastpař ﻪڕÜn دﻩﺳmasturbation
dastpiř gÎﺘ8 دﻩﺳrich
dasttang ﮓsﻪµn دﻩﺳpoor
dast-u-dû ﺘﻮدوو8 دﻩﺳphysical prowess
dastûr ﺘﻮور8 دﻩﺳconstitution
dastwâłâ Ÿﺘﻮا8 دﻩﺳempty-handed
dawan دﻩوﻩنbush
dawâ دﻩواmedicine; ~ u darmân medication and remedy
dawâm-kirdin ـــــﺮدنB دﻩوامv.t. to last, endure
dawâr دﻩوارnomadic tent; tent material
dawl دﻩولdrum
dawłamand ﻪﻣﻪﻧﺪT دﻩوrich
dawłat ـــــﻪتT دﻩوwealth; state; ~î ـــــﻪﰏTدﻩو
state (adj.), governmental
dawr دﻩورera, time; ~bar gařân to go
around, about; ~-geřân v.t. to turn
circles; ~ u pisht i around (prep.); ba
~ …dâ around (prep.)
dawra دﻩورﻩcircle; ~-dân v.t. to surround: dawra’yân dâbû they had him
surrounded
dawrân دﻩورانera, epoch; a long period
of time; circuit, circle; ~-kirdin ba
v.t. to take a turn on (a horse)
dawrî دﻩوریplate
day دﻩیhey, c’mon, look here
daz = دﻩزdast: ~baje immediately, at
once; ~gâ دﻩزﮔـــــــــــــﺎapparatus; ~gîrân
دﻩزﮔﲑانfiancé
dazu دﻩزوthread
dâ- داcompound verbal prefix, for dâkirdin only see alphabetically below;
for other compound verbs see under
the verbal element: dâ-bazîn, dâ-dân,
dâ-diřîn, dâ-gîrân, dâ-hâtin, dâkanin, dâ-khistin, dâ-nawândin, dânân, dâ-nîshtin, dâ-mazrândin, dârinân, dâ-rizân, dâ-rizhândin
’dâ ( داpostposition with the preposition
179
SORANI KURDISH
la) in, at: l’ewa’dâ there, in that place;
l’ aw sa‘âtá’dâ at that time; (’dâ contracts to ’á, particularly after nasals)
la dił i khom’â witim I said to myself
dâbash دادﻩشportion, division; ~kirdin v.t. to divide; ~-krânà sar v.p.
to be divided into; ~udâbir-kirdin داﺑـﻪ
ﺮدنB g– شوداv.t. to divide and slice up
dâbîn-kirdin ـــﺮدنB داﺑـــﲔv.t. to assemble,
arrange
dâd دادjustice; ~-dân v.t. to give justice;
to be just; to work out for: aw dâdî
nadâyn it didn’t work out for us
dâdga دادﮔ ـﻪcourt: ~ i harabarz supreme
court
dâgh داغsearing hot, scar; grief; ~kirdin v.t. to sear, brand, scar
dâgir i ﮔﺮیä دinclusive of, comprising
dâgîr-kirdin ـــــﺮدنB ﮔـــــﲑä دv.t. to occupy,
usurp, take by force, oppress; ~kar
ﮔﲑﮐﻪرä دoppressor, oppressive
dâkh داخgrief; la ~ân ﺎنL داv in grief
dâkhwâzînâma داﺧﻮازﯾﻨﺎﻣﻪapplication
dâ-kirdin ـــﺮدنB داv.t. (1) to start raining:
bârân dây kird it started raining; (2)
to put animals in a stable: ḥaywânakânim dâ kird I stabled the animals; (3)
to pour grain in a bin: ganimaká’m
dâkird I poured the grain (into the
bin)
dâł داڵan opened seed pod
dâm دام: ~ u dazgâ دام و دﻩزﮔـــﺎapparatus,
power, authority
dâmâwî داﻣﺎویtribulation
dâmen ـﻦŒ داﻣ ـskirt; ~-girtin v.t. to beset:
am bałâya dâmenî girtûm I am beset
by this disaster; dastim ~it ــــــــــــــﱲ
8 دﻩﺳ
داﻣ´ﻨﺖI beg you
dân1 دانda- ( دﻩv.t., impt. sing. bídara,
in compounds, da ;دﻩpass. dirân )دران
to give, pay; ba …awa ~ to bite,
sting: mâr gutî petawa dadam “I’ll
bite you,” the snake said; mâr pewa’y
dâwin they’ve been bitten by a snake;
dâ-~ to sharpen (pencil); dâ-~à sar …
to rest, prop (s.th.) on …: ânîshk i
râstî dâdâyà sar mezaká he propped
his right elbow on the table; hał-~ (1)
to cast up, hurl up; (2) to blossom:
shînâwar-dakát hałî dâwa your garden has blossomed; hał-~ la sar to
intervene on behalf of; hał-~ la to
start (to speak): la jwâbâ hałî dâ he
started to answer; hał-~awa to raise:
panjaraká hałdawa raise the sash; le~ to hit, strike; to throb: diłim ledadâ
my heart is throbbing; to play (instrument): zuřnâ-kay zor khosh ledadâ he
played the flute very well; see also
alphabetically under le-dân
dân2 دانgrain, seed: ganimakám ~’î nagirtûa my wheat has not set seed; ~
ba kho …’dâ girtin v.t. to have patience, endure; ~-nahenân ba v.t. to
place no value in: kâwrâ dân ba minâ
nâhene the man places no value in me
dân3 دانtooth (= didân)
dânîshtû ﺘﻮو8 داﻧ›ﺸinhabitant
dâpîr داﭘﲑgrandmother
dâr دارtree, wood; staff, rod, stick;
~kârî-kirdin v.t. to beat with a stick;
khistinà zher ~ u falâqawa v.t. to put
to the bastinado; ~atarm دارﻩﺗــــﻪرمbier;
~awâr دارﻩوارstructure; ~das داردﻩس
walking stick, staff; ~istân ﺘــﺎن8 دارﺳـforest; ~în ــــﻦa دارmade of wood, wooden;
~tâsh شc دارcarpenter
dârezhar ﮋﻩر¤ دارmolder, formulator
dâshtin: hał-~ ـﺪاﺷـﱳT ﻫـﻪv.t. to hurl (from
a height)
dâw داوtrap; ~ dâ-khistin v.t. to set a
trap
dâwar داوﻩرjudge; ~î judging
dâwâ داواdemand; ~-kirdin la v.t. to ask
of, demand of
dâwen ـﻦ¤ = داوdâmen; ~pâkî ـ˜ﰽÜÀl
داو ــinnocence, purity
dâwkhwâz داوﺧﻮازvolunteer
dâya داﯾـــﻪmother; nurse; ~pîra داﯾـــﻪﭘـــﲑﻩ
grandmother
180
SORANI–ENGLISH VOCABULARY
dâyara داﯾﻪرﻩoffice
dâyik ــــــﮏa داmother; la ~ bûn v.i. to be
born
de دێvillage
de- دێpres. indicative stem of hâtin
deł- Çl = دdaheł-. See heshtin.
den- ﻦ¤ = دdahen-. See henân.
deř g¤ دline
derîn ــــــﻦaــــــﺮ¤ دancient, old: aw nâwcha
shwenawârî a derînâná i Kurdistân
the ancient monumental regions of
Kurdistan
dew ﻮl دdemon
didân ددانtooth
dił دڵheart, interior: la dił i khom’â
witim I said to myself; ~-râgirtin to
make happy; ~-shikândin v.t. to
break the heart: diłmân mashikena
don’t break our hearts; ba ~ i kho to
one’s heart’s desire; ~band i ـــﺒـــﻪﻧـــﺪیTد
interested in; ~dâr ـــــــﺪارT دsweetheart;
~girân ـــــﮕـــــﺮانT دdisheartened, heavyhearted; ~narm ﻨـﻪرمT د ـcontented; ~nyâ
ـــﻨـــﻴـــﺎT دla convinced of; ~pir ـــﺮÎـــT دsad;
angry; ~raq ـﺮﻩقT دcold-hearted; ~sâda
ـﺴـﺎدﻩT دnaïve; ~shikâw ـﺸـﲀوT دbrokenhearted; ~soz ـــــــﺴـــــــﯚزT دsympathetic;
~tang ـــــﮓsـــــﺘـــــﻪT دsad, lonely; ~tangî
ـﮕـﯽsـﺘـﻪT دsadness, loneliness; ~tař ـﺘـﻪڕTد
glad, happy; ~tazen ـــﻦ¤ـــﺘـــﻪزT دtragedy,
calamity
diłop ـﯚپT دdrop; ~ a khwenèk a drop of
blood
dimârakoł دﻣﺎرﻩﮐﯚڵscorpion
dinân د‡نtooth
dinyâ دﻧـــﻴـــﺎworld, weather: dinyâ zistân
bû it was winter; ~dîtin د ـﻧﻴـﺎدﯾـﱳworldly experience
dir- ( درfor words beginning with dir-,
see also dr-)
diř- دڕpres. stem of dirîn; see also drdirakht درﻩﺧﺖtree
dirang ﮓs درﻩlate; ~-bûn v.i. to be late
dirawshân(awa) درﻩوﺷﺎنv.i. to shine
dirâsa دراﺳﻪlesson, study
dirân درانdre- درێv.p. passive of dân;
la dargâ ~ for a knock to come at a
door
diřân دڕانsee diřrân
dirâw دراوdirhem
diregh(î) ــــﻎl در،ــــﻐــــﯽl درshortcoming; ~kirdin v.t. to be inadequate
dirinj درﱋdemon
diřîn ـــــﻦa دڕdiř- دڕv.t. to rip; dâ-~ to rip
(cloth)
diřik دڕکthorn
diřinda دڕﻧﺪﻩsavage, bestial
dirkândin درﰷﻧـــﺪنdirken- ـــﻦŒ درﮐـــv.t. to
confess; to pronounce; disclose, reveal (secret, &c.)
diro = درۆdro
diřrân دڕانv.p. to be ripped
dirust دروﺳـﺖright, correct; ~-kirdin v.t.
to make, build, construct
dirûn دروونdirû- درووv.t. to stitch, sew;
hał-~ to seam together
dirwân دروانv.i.: hał-~ to be stitched
together
dirwena ﻨﻪl دروreaping with sickle
dirz درزcrack; ~ i darwâza opening
between two double doors
diz دزthief; ~î thievery, stealth; ba ~a
stealthily; ba ~ i unbeknownst to
dizh i دژی, dizh ba دژ ﺑــــﻪagainst, vis-àvis: gawra-pyâwân i gund dizh i am
qsâná râdawastân the old men of the
village took a stance against this talk;
farmân’î ba kuřakáy dâ dizh i duzhmin shař bikâ he ordered his son to
fight against the enemy
dî1 دیsight; ba ~ henân v.t. to bring
about, produce; ba ~ kirdin v.t. to
notice, to discern; to see, to spy: hîch i
wâ’m tyâ ba dî nakird I didn’t notice
anything like that wrong with him;
hâtinà ~ to come about, to happen
dî2 دیother; again: bo chandân jâr i dî
several other times
dîdâr دﯾﺪارinterview, meeting
dîka ـــﮑـــﻪa( دadj.) other; (adv.) any more,
181
SORANI KURDISH
further
dîl دﯾـــــﻞprisoner; ba ~ girtin v.t. to take
prisoner
dîlmânj دﯾﻠﲈﱋinterpretor
dîman دﳝﻪنaspect, mien
dîmugrâfyâ دﳝﻮﮔﺮاﻓ;ﺎdemography
dîmukrât ﺮاتB دﳝﻮdemocratic
dîn ﻦa دbîn- ﺑﲔv.t. to see
dîřok ۆکga دlegend
dîsân د§ﺴﺎنagain, once more
dîtin دﯾـﱳbîn- ﺑـﲔv.t. to see; ~awa ـــﻪوﻩ
žnدﯾ
to find
dîw دﯾﻮside
dîwakhâna ﺎﻧﻪL دﯾﻮﻩliving room
dîwân دﯾﻮانassembly hall, court
dîwâr دﯾﻮارwall
do دۆyoghurt and water beverage
do‘â = دۆ`ﺎdu‘â
doł دۆڵvalley
dořândin دۆڕاﻧﺪنdořen- ﻦa دۆڕv.t. to lose
dosh dâ-mân دۆش داﻣـــــــــﺎنv.i. to be at a
loss for words
doshâw دۆﺷﺎوgrape molasses
dost دۆﺳـﺖfriend; ~âna ـــﺎﻧـﻪ
ﺘ8 دۆﺳfriendly;
~âyatî ﺘﺎﯾﻪﰏ8 دۆﺳfriendship
dozîn ـﻦa دۆزdoz- دۆزv.t. to search for; to
find; ~awa دۆزﯾـــــﻨـــــﻪوﻩto find, recover,
discover
dr- ( درfor words beginning with dr-,
see also dir-)
drakht درﻩﺧﺖtree
drân = درانdirân
drâwse ‰ دراوﺳneighbor
drezh ـــــــــﮋ¤ درlong; ~-bûn v.i. to stretch
out; ~âî ـﮋاﰃ¤ درlength; ~a-dân ـﮋﻩ دان¤در
v.t. to continue
drisht درﺷﺖlarge
dro درۆlie; ~-kirdin v.t. to lie
droshm درۆﴌsign, distinguishing mark
drushm دروﴌdesign; brightness, brilliance
drust = دروﺳﺖdirust
duam = دوﻩمdûham
du‘â دو`ــــﺎprayer, supplication; ~-kirdin
bo v.t. to pray for someone; ~ i kher
ﺮŒL دو`ﺎیprayer for well-being
dugma دوﮔـــــﻤـــــﻪbutton; ~ dâ-khistin to
button: ~ i châkatay dâ-khist he buttoned his jacket
dukân دوﰷن, dukkân دوﮐـــﲀنshop; ~dâr
دوﰷﻧﺪارshopkeeper
dund دوﻧﺪsummit, top of mountain
dunyâ = دوﻧﻴﺎdinyâ
duř دوڕmiddle; large pearl
duwân = دوانdwân
duzhmin دوژﻣ ـﻦenemy; ~âyat ـﺎﯾ ـﻪتžدوژﻣ ـ
enmity
dû دووtwo; ~am دووﻩمsecond; ~barakî
دووﺑــــــﻪرﻩﰽenmity; ~bâra دوو¶رﻩagain,
once more; ~dił دوودڵhesitant,
hesitating; ~dił la v دوودڵdistrustful
of, suspicious of; ~ham دووﻫــــــــﻪمsecond; ~shamma دووﺷﻪﳑﻪMonday
dûkał دوﮐﻪڵsmoke
dûkyân ــﻴــﺎنB دووthe two of them, both of
them
dûpât دووﭘـــــــﺎتstatement; ~-kirdinawa
v.t. to make a statement
dûpishk ﺸﮏé دووscorpion
dûr دوورfar; la ~awa from afar; ~bîn
دوورﺑﲔtelescope, camera
dûrân دوورانdûr- = دوورdirwân
dûrînawa دوورﯾﻨﻪوﻩv.t. to gather, harvest
dûrrân دووررانdûrre- دووررێv.p. to be
sewn, stitched up
dûzhmin = دووژﻣﻦduzhmin
dwâ دواlast (precedes word it modifies):
~ sâł last year, ~ shaw last night; ~ i
after (prep); ~ i awaî (ka) after (conj);
~î دواﰃlast, final; ~rozh دوارۆژfuture;
ba ~ i …dâ nârdin to send for (s.o.);
la ~î’dâ ka after (conj); l’ am
~îâná’dâ recently
dwân دوانdwe- دوێla v.i. to speak of,
talk about
dwândin دواﻧ ـﺪنdwen- ـﻦ¤ دوv.t. to speak
to, address: mamdwena! don’t speak
to me!; daydwândim he was speaking
to me
dwe(ka) دوێ،ﮑﻪ¤ دوyesterday, last night
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SORANI–ENGLISH VOCABULARY
dwene ê دﯾـــــﯚyesterday; ~ sháwe ـــــﻮێlد
ﺷﻪوێlast night
dyâr رp دclear, obvious; ~-kirdin v.t. to
clarify; ba ~awa bûn v.i. to be visible, in view; ba ~î clearly, obviously;
~îkirâw ﮑﺮاوaرp دobvious
dyârî ریp دpresent, gift
-è1 variant of the indefinite suffix -èk
-è2 directional suffix occurring on certain nouns like zhûrè ژوورێupwards,
darè دﻩرێoutwards, mâłè ‰ــT ﻣــﺎhomewards, and as a variant of the directional enclitic à on verbs when the
complement of the directional is an
enclitic pronoun: náygamè I won’t
reach it, shitèk’î dadâtè he’ll give him
something
ejgâr ﺠﮕـﺎر²ﺋ
ـ ـ ـvery, very much; ~î ﺠﮕـﺎری²ﺋ
ــ ـ
at all, ever: ~ nâydwenim I don’t ever
speak to him; all at once: ~ bârim
kird I got up and left
-èk ﮏ¤ indefinite suffix: pyâwèk a man
el ﻞ² ﺋnation, tribe, people
ema ﻤﻪ² ﺋwe, us
era ـﺮﻩŒ ﺋـhere; l’~(dâ) (ـﺮﻩ)داŒ ﻟـhere, in this
place; l’~wa ﺮﻩوﻩŒ ﻟfrom here, hence
Erân ﺮانŒ ﺋIran; ~î ﺮاﱏŒ ﺋIranian
‘Eřâq اقgŒ` Iraq; ~î اﰵgŒ` Iraqi
erayî ــﺮﻩﱙŒ ﺋــjealousy; ~-birdin ba v.t. to
be jealous of: erayî’yân pe dabird
they were jealous of him
esh ـﺶŒ ـﺋpain, ache; sar~a ـﺸـﻪâ ﺳـﻪرheadache
eshik-girtin ـــﻦŽـــﺸـــﮏ ﮔـــﺮŒ ﺋـــv.t. to keep
watch
esk ﺴﮏŒ = ﺋesqân
esqân ﺴﻘﺎنŒ ﺋbone
estâ ﺘـﺎ8ﺴŒ
ﺋــ ــnow; l’~wa ﺘـﺎوﻩ8ﺴŒ
ﻟــ ــas of now,
from now on
estga ﺘﮕﻪ8ﺴŒ ﺋstation
estir ﺴﱰŒ ﺋmule
ewa ﻮﻩ² ﺋyou (pl)
ewâra ــﻮارﻩ² ﺋــevening: ~t bâsh good evening
ezing ﮓsﺰŒ ﺋkindling
fakhr ﻓﻪﺧﺮpride
falâ ﻓﻪﻻpeasant, farmer
falâkat ﻓـــﻪﻻﮐـــﻪتmisery, difficulty, misfortune
falâqa ﻓﻪﻻﻗﻪbastinado
faqe Õ ﻓﻪstudent
faqîr ﻓﻪﻗﲑpoor; ~î poverty
farangî ﮕﯽs ﻓﻪرﻩEuropean
farâham-kirdin ـﺮدنB ﻓـﻪراﻫـﻪمv.t. to make
available
Farânsa ﺴﻪë ﻓﻪراFrance
farâwân ﻓﻪراوانabundant, large-scale
farhang ـﮓs ﻓـﻪرﻫـﻪculture; ~dost ـﮓsﻓـﻪرﻫـﻪ
دۆﺳـــــــﺖcultured, culture-loving; ~ok
ﮕﯚکs ﻓﻪرﻫﻪglossary
Farhâd ﻓــــــﻪرﻫــــــﺎدFarhad, a character in
Nizami’s poem who falls in love with
Shirin
farmân ﻓــﻪرﻣــﺎنorder, command; ~ ba je
henân v.t. to obey an order, to carry
out an order; ~ i khwâ ba je henân to
obey God’s command, to die; ~-dân
ba v.t. to command; ~bar ﻓـﻪرﻣـﺎﻧﺒــﻪرofficial
farmâyish ﻓــــﻪرﻣــــﺎ§ــــﺶorder, command;
~ ﻓـﻪرﻣـﺎ ـ§ﺸـﺖt speech; ~t a mift ﺘــﻪ8ﻓـﻪرﻣـﺎ§ـﺸـ
ﻣﻔﺖempty compliment
farmûn ﻓـــﻪرﻣـــﻮونfarmû- ﻓـــﻪرﻣـــﻮوv.t. to
command, to say (polite); (impt.)
please: farmû dânîsha please sit down
fatârat رﻩتc ﻓـﻪcalamity; sar i … dân ba
~’dâ to bring calamity down on …
fawt ﻓ ـﻪوتloss, death; ~ân نc ﻓ ـﻪوfawteì ﻓــــــﻪوv.i. to cease to exist; to be lost;
to be all in, exhausted; ~ândin ﻧـﺪنcﻓـﻪو
fawten- ﻦŒ ﻓﻪوﺗv.t. to give up, to lose
fâks ﺲB˜ ﻓfax
fâmîn ﻓﺎﻣﲔfâm- ﻓﺎمv.t. to understand
feł Ç ﻓـــــ´ـــــtrick; ~-kirdin la v.t. to play a
trick on; ~abâz ـﻪ¶زk´ﻓ
ـ ـwily; ~bâzî ـﻪk´ﻓ
ــ
¶زیtrickery
fenik ﺮکŒ ﻓcool
fer ـﺮŒ ـﻓacquainted; ~-bûn v.i. to learn: la
183
SORANI KURDISH
kwe fer i kurdî bûy? where did you
learn Kurdish?; ~-kirdin v.t. to teach
feřo ۆgــــŒ ﻓــــfree, gratis; ba ~ for free, for
nothing, for no reason; ba ~ dân v.t.
to squander, waste: bakhtî ba feřo
dâwa he’s wasted his chance
fiłân ﻓﻼنso-and-so, dummy name
fiłeq ـﻖ²kﻓ
ـ ـflat, squashed; ~ân ﻘـﺎن²kﻓ
ـ ـ ـfiłeqe- ‰ـﻘـ²ـk ـﻓv.i. to be mashed, squashed;
~ândin ـﻘـﺎﻧـﺪن²ـk ـﻓfiłeqen- ـﻦŒـﻘـ²ـk ـﻓv.t. to
mash, squash
finjân ﺎنíž ﻓcup
fiř g ﻓlight, delicate; false
fira ﻓﺮﻩvery, much
fiře-dân ێ دانg ﻓـv.t. to throw away, toss,
hurl
fiř|ândin اﻧـــــﺪنg ﻓـــــv.t. to make fly, to fly
away with; ~în ﻦag ﻓfiř- g ﻓv.i. to fly
firmesk ـﺴ ـﮏŒ ﻓ ـﺮﻣ ـtear; ~ hał-rishtin v.t.
to shed tears
fiřoka ۆﮐـﻪg ﻓـairplane; ~khâna ـﺎﻧـﻪLۆﮐـﻪgﻓـ
airport
fiřufeł Ç´وﻓg ﻓdeception, trick
firyâ-kawtin ـﻦŽ ﮐـﻪوp ﻓـﺮv.i. to arrive at an
opportune moment; to come to someone’s assistance
fish ﻓﺶflabby, soft
fitwâ ﻮاµ ﻓlegal opinion, permission
fînga ﻓ;ﻨﮕﻪsnivveling
fîs ﻓ›ﺲwet
fîsâr ﻓ›ﺴﺎرso-and-so, such-and-such
fîshak ﻓ›ﺸـﻪک
ــcartridge; ~ligh ــﻓ›ﺸـﻪﳇـﻎcartridge belt
fîshkândin ﻓ›ﺸﲀﻧﺪنv.t. to whinny, neigh
fîz ﻓﲒpride
fre = ﻓﺮێfire
froshtin ﻓﺮۆﺷﱳfrosh- ﻓﺮۆشv.t. to sell
fû-dân ﻓــــــــﻮو دانv.t. to puff up, blow up
(balloon, e.g.)
ga ﮔـــــــــــــــــــﻪjoint: pâm la ~ chûwa I’ve
sprained my ankle
gach ﮔﻪچplaster
gał = ﮔﻪڵlagał
gal ﮔـﻪلflock, herd, people; ~è ‰ ﮔـﻪﻟـa lot,
a lot of, much, many: ~ gařân they
searched a lot; ~nâs ﮔﻪﻟﻨﺎسsociologist
gał ﮔﻪڵspace between the legs
gałâ Ÿ ﮔ ـﻪleaf: wakû gałâ i dâr as numerous as leaves on a tree
gałârezân ـﺰان¤رŸ ﮔـﻪautumn; the month of
Scorpio (October 23–November 21)
gałâwej ـــﺞlوŸ ﮔـــﻪthe month of Leo (July
23–August 22)
gałoz ـــﯚزT ﮔـــﻪspace between a dog’s legs:
kilkî da gałozî girt (the dog) stuck its
tail between its legs
gałû ﻮوT ﮔﻪthroat
gan ﮔﻪنputrid, evil-smelling
gandał ﮔﻪﻧﺪﻩڵrotten tree
ganim ﮔﻪﱎwheat
ganî ﮔـﻪﱏbad odor, rotten smell; ~n ﮔـﻪﻧـﲔ
v.i. to stink
ganj1 ﮔﻪﱋtreasure
ganj2 ﮔﻪﱋyoung
garak ﮔﻪرﻩکit is necessary (+ subj.)
gařak ﮔـــــــﻪڕﻩکquarter (of town), neighborhood
gařân ﮔـﻪڕانgaře- ﮔـﻪڕێv.i. to turn, wander, search; ~ ba dwâ i to search for,
look for; ~awa to return, come back;
hał-~ to be changed, transformed,
(with colors) to be …ish: sûrhałgařâw reddish; ~ la to quit, leave alone:
lem gařen leave me alone; ~ la to
look for: shitèkim gum kirdawa, ley
dagařem I’m looking for something I
lost; da sar ~ to get (s.th.) out of
one’s head
gard ﮔﻪردdust
gardâw ﮔﻪرداوwhirlpool
gardin ﮔـﻪردنneck (of an animal, bottle);
~âzâî-kirdin la ـــــﺮدنB ﮔـــــﻪرد‡زاﰃv.t. to
bid farewell to
gařîda ﮔﻪڕﯾﺪﻩwanderer
garm ﮔـــﻪرمwarm, hot; ~â ﮔـــﻪرﻣـــﺎheat: ~ i
nîwařo midday heat; ~en ــﻦŒ ﮔـﻪرﻣwarm
region; ~î ﮔﻪرﻣﯽwarmth
garû ﮔــــﻪرووneck, throat: wâ hast dakam
garûmî le piř bûwa I feel as though
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SORANI–ENGLISH VOCABULARY
my throat is full of it; ba ~ i …’dâ
kirdin v.t. to put down s.o.’s throat,
to feed to
garzik ﮔﻪرزکring
gash ﮔﻪشfiery red; lush
gasha-kirdin ـﺮدنB ﮔـﻪﺷـﻪv.t. to sprout up,
grow up
gasht ﮔﻪﺷﺖtrip, tour
gastin ﮔﻪﺷﱳgaz- ﮔﻪزv.t. to bite
gavzân ﮔﻪﭬﺰانv.i. to roll over
gawař ﮔﻪوﻩڕstable
gawâł ﮔـﻪواڵwisp of cloud; gawâł-gawâł
wispy
gawj ﮔﻪوجstupid
gawra ﮔـــﻪورﻩlarge, big, great; ~î ﮔـــﻪورﻩﰃ
greatness; ~pyâw ﮔـﻪورﻩﭘـﻴـﺎوelder, dignitary
gawzân = ﮔﻪوزانgavzân
gayândin ﻧـــﺪنp ﮔـــﻪgayen- ـــﻦŒ ﮔـــﻪﯾـــv.t. to
make reach; kho-~à … to get oneself
to: khoy agayenetà nâw shâr he’ll get
himself into town; lâwakân khoyân
gayândè the young men got themselves there; râ-~ to make known,
publicize
gayîn ﮔﻪﯾﲔga- ﮔﻪv.i. to arrive
gayshtin ﮔــﻪﺷــﱳga- ﮔــﻪba v.i. to arrive;
te-~ to understand; pe-~ to ripen, mature, come of age
gaz1 ﮔﻪزyard (linear measure)
gaz-2 ﮔﻪزpres. stem of gastin
gâ ﮔﺎcow
gâł-dan ﮔﺎڵ دانv.t. to stir up
gâła ـﻪT ﮔ ـﺎenergetic labor; ~-kirdin ba to
work furiously at: chon dirwenayèk
har gâłay pe dakâ he’s working on it
fast and furiously
gâłok ﯚکT ﮔﺎclub
gâłta ﺘـﻪT ﮔـﺎ ـjoke; ~-kirdin ba v.t. to make
fun of: gâłtayân pe dakrâ they were
being made fun of, a joke was being
played on them; ba ~wa ـﺘـﻪوﻩT ﺑـﻪﮔـﺎjokingly
gâmûsh ﮔﺎﻣﻮوشox, buffalo
gân ﮔﺎنge- ‰ ﮔv.t. to fuck
gâsha ﮔـﺎﺷـﻪ, ~bard ﮔـﺎﺷـﻪﺑـﻪردlarge stone,
boulder
gâsin ﮔﺎﺳﻦploughshare
gâz ﮔﺎزbite; gas; ~-girtin la v.t. to bite
gâzarâ ﮔﺎزﻩراmiddle of the back, spine
gâzinda ﮔﺎزﻧﺪﻩobjection, criticism
gâzir ﮔـــــﺎزرwasherman, bleacher; ~-bûn
to be bleached
gechał ﻪڵ² ﮔquarrel, dispute
geřân انgـŒ ﮔـgeře ێgـŒ ﮔـv.t. to turn; ~awa
اﻧــــﻪوﻩgــــŒ ﮔــــto relate, tell; war-~ to turn
into, to translate; war-~à sar … to
translate into: am ktebáy wargeřâyà
sar fârsî he translated this book into
Persian
gezh ـﮋŒ ﮔ ـdizzy, spinning; ~-bûn to spin:
sarî gezh dabe his head will spin;
~ałûka ـﻮوﮐـﻪTـﮋﻩŒﮔ
ـwhirlwind; ~âw ـﮋاوŒـﮔ
whirlpool
gh- (for most words beginning with gh-,
the Persianate spelling, see normal
Kurdish spelling under kh-)
ghadir-kirdin la v ﺮدنB ™ﻪدرv.t. to cheat
ghałat ﻪتT ™ﻪerror, mistake
ghałpaghałip ﭗTﭙﻪ™ﻪT ™ﻪcommotion
gharîb ™ــــﻪرﯾــــﺐstranger; ~î exile, being
away from home
ghaybzân ™ــــﻪﯾــــﱫانsomeone who knows
hidden things, seer, mindreader
ghazal ™ـــﻪزﻩلghazal, a Persianate poetic
form
ghazna = ™ﻪزﻧﻪkhazna
ghâr-dân ™ﺎر دانv.t. to run
gichik ﮏÂ ﮔsmall, little
gift ﮔﻔـﺖ
ـword; promise; ~-dân ba v.t. to
promise; ~ugo ﮔﻔﺖوﮔﯚconversation
gił Ç ﮔـdirt, mud; birdinà bin ~ to take to
the grave
gila ƒ ﮔــــــــــcomplaint; ~-kirdin la v.t. to
complain of
gilân ﮔـﻼنv.i. to be thrown: la asp gilâm
I was thrown from my horse; to stumble: aspakám gilâ my horse stumbled;
to move, shake, toss and turn; ~din
ﮔ ـﻼﻧ ـﺪنgilen- ـﻦŒ ﮔ ـﻠ ـv.t. to throw, toss,
185
SORANI KURDISH
shake
gilena ﻨﻪ² ﮔﻠpupil of the eye
gimez ﺰŒ ﮔﻤurine; ~-kirdin v.t. to urinate
giř g ﮔflame; ~-girtin v.i. to be enflamed
giraw = ﮔﺮﻩوgiro
girân ﮔﺮانheavy
gird ﮔــﺮدhill, knoll; ~ołka ــﮑــﻪT ﮔــﺮدۆpile,
stack of unthreshed grain
giriftâr ـــﺎرµ ﮔـــﺮﻓـــcaptive, prisoner; ~-bûn
v.i. to be captured, taken prisoner; ~î
occupation, anguish
giring ﮓs ﮔﺮimportant
girî ﮔــﺮیassumption; ~-kirdin v.t. to assume
girm ﮔـــــــﺮمboom, plop, sound of a large
body falling; ~ u hor ﮔﺮموﻫﯚرditto
girmola v ﮔـﺮﻣـﯚtwisted, taut; ~-kirdin v.t.
to twist and turn, contort
giřnî ﱏg ﮔrough, coarse
giro ﮔــــﺮۆbet; ~-birdinawa la v.t. to win
(a bet or game) from, come out on top
of
girtin ـﻦŽ ﮔ ـﺮgir- ﮔ ـﺮv.t. to take; to pinch:
kawshakám pâm agire my shoes
pinch my feet; to hold, contain: am
jawâła shash pût nâgire this sack
won’t hold six pûts; ~ la to find fault
with, pick on: lem magira don’t pick
on me; ~à bar to adopt; ~awa la to
forbid: l’ aw kârânám girtotawa I
have forbidden those things; ~awa la
to reduce, make less: kharjit zora—
ley bigirawa you spend too much—
make it less; to catch (disease) from;
~awa to heal (broken bone): dast a
shikâwakát girtûyatawa your broken
arm has healed; ba …awa girtin to
cover oneself with, pull s.th. over
o.s.: lefay pewa girt he covered himself with a quilt; dâ-~ (1) to bring
down; (2) to drive crazy by talking:
wây dâgirtim ba qsa hoshim namâ he
drove me so crazy with his talking I
couldn’t think straight; hał-~ (1) to
lift, pick up: ama la zawî hałgira pick
this up from the floor; take off: sar i
am sindûqá hałgira take the top off
this box; pick out, select: l’ aw kawshâná jûtèkî hałgira pick out a pair of
those shoes; dastim le hałgrin leave
me alone; (2) to hold, keep: am pârayám bo hałgira keep this money for
me; (3) to allow: khwâ hałnâgire God
will not allow it; (4) to go out of control: asp hałî girtim the horse ran
away with me; (5) to hold something
up: gâyaká pâshûy hałgirtûa the cow
has its leg lifted; râ-~ to protect,
maintain; kho râ-~ to control oneself;
war-~ to take, take up
giryân نp ﮔﺮgrî- ﮔﺮیv.i. to weep, cry
girzh ﮔـﺮژfrowning; dejected; rû~ رووﮔـﺮژ
with a frowning expression
gisht ﮔﺸﺖall; ~î public
gisk ﮔﺴﮏbroom; ~-dân v.t. to sweep
gizh1 ﮔــــــﮋmussed, tangled (hair); ~-bûn
v.i. for the hair to stand on end; ba ~
… hâtin to get entangled with; ba ~
…dâ chûn to have to deal with; ~yân
نp ﮔــﮋv.i. to be upset, to be mussed (of
the hair)
gizh2 ﮔـﮋtree trunk; plant; ~-u-giyâ ﮔـﮋوﮔﻴــﺎ
vegetation
gizh3 ﮔﮋanger
gizh4 ﮔﮋhard, solid
gizing ﮓs ﮔﺰfirst rays of dawn
gîrâ-kirdin ــــــﺮدنB ﮔــــــﲑاv.t. to answer (a
prayer)
gîrân ﮔـــــﲑانgîre- ﮔـــــﲑێv.p. to be taken
(passive of girtin); kho’y pe (râ)~ to
restrain oneself, control oneself:
kho’y pe nâgîre he can’t restrain himself; dâ-gîrân v.p. to be occupied:
wilât a dâgîrâwakân the occupied territories; te-gîrân v.i. to tangle
gîrfân ﮔﲑﻓﺎنpocket
gîroda ﮔﲑۆدﻩinfatuated
gîrsân ﮔـــﲑﺳـــﺎنgîrse- ‰ ﮔـــﲑﺳـــv.i. to stop,
cease; ~awa to stop, halt; dâ-~ to be
lit, ignited
186
SORANI–ENGLISH VOCABULARY
gîrsândin ﮔـﲑﺳـﺎﻧـﺪنgîrsen- ــﻦŒ ﮔـﲑﺳv.t.: dâ~ to light, ignite
go ﮔﯚball
goband ﮔﯚﺑﻪﻧﺪcelebration
gogird ﮔﯚﮔﺮدsulphur; match
goh ﮔـــــــــﯚﻩear, hearing; ~dâr capable of
hearing: gwechka i gohdâr wellattuned ear
goł (1) gre u ~ ﮔـــﺮێ و ﮔـــﯚڵknotted; gurj
u ~ ﮔـــــــﻮرج و ﮔـــــــﯚڵnimble, quick; (2)
male: ~asag ـﻪﺳـﻪگT ﮔـﯚmale dog, ~akar
ـﻪﮐـﻪرT ﮔـﯚmale donkey; (3) goal (soccer);
~-kirdin la v.t. to score a goal against
gol ﮔﯚلcalf; pool, pond; stupid
gołâła ﻪTŸ ﮔﯚanemone
gom ﮔـﯚمdeep, stagnant water; indistinct;
lake, pond; ~âw deep pool
gomân ﮔـــﯚﻣـــﺎنsuspicion; ~-kirdin la v.t.
to suspect
gon ﮔـﯚنcheek; ~asûra ﮔـﯚﻧـﻪﺳـﻮورﻩtomato;
~â ‡ ﮔ ـﯚcheek; ~âgon ﮔ ـﯚ‡ﮔ ـﯚنvarious,
of all sorts
gopâł ﮔﯚﭘﺎڵbat, club
gor ﮔﯚرlike, manner
goř (1) ﮔــﯚڕlevel, plain (ground); hâtinà
~è to come to the fore, be under discussion; (2) grave; ~istân ــــــﺘـــﺎن
8 ﮔـــﯚڕﺳ
cemetery
gorân ﮔـــــــــﯚرانthe Goran division of the
Kurds; ~î Gorani; song
gořîn ـﻦa ﮔـﯚڕgoř- ﮔـﯚڕv.t. to change; ~awa
ba to exchange for; kho ~ to disguise
oneself; ~ar ﮔﯚڕﯾﻨﻪرchange-producing
gořrân ﮔ ـﯚڕانgořre- ﮔ ـﯚڕێv.p. to change
(int.), be changed
gosh-kirdin ـــــﺮدنB ﮔـــــﯚشv.t. to suckle a
newborn
gosha ﮔﯚﺷﻪcorner, angle
gosht ﮔﯚﺷﺖmeat
gotin ﻦŽ ﮔﯚłe- ‰T v.t. to say
govâr ﮔﯚﭬﺎرmagazine, journal
goz ( ﮔﯚزsee nâz-u-goz)
goza ﮔﯚزﻩpot
gozân ﮔـــــــﯚزانgoze- ﮔـــــــﯚزێv.t. to keep;
~awa ﮔــــﯚزاﻧــــﻪوﻩto move from place to
place; hał-~ to lift, raise, draw up
gr- ﮔﺮsee girgre ﮔـــﺮێknot; ~ le-dân v.t. to tie a knot;
~ shil-kirdin v.t. to untie a knot;
~kwer ﺮ¤ﮑﻮ¤ ﮔﺮtangled knot
grewaghâr ﻮﻩ™ﺎرl ﮔﺮfoot race
gul ﮔﻮلleper; ~-bûn to get leprosy
guł ﮔــﻮڵflower; ~ a sûr ــﻪ ﺳــﻮورT ﮔــﻮrose;
~abarozha ـﻪﺑـﻪرۆژﻩT ﮔـﻮsunflower; ~âła
ﻪTŸ ﮔﻮred tulip; ~âw وŸ ﮔﻮrosewater
gulla ò ﮔﻮbullet
gułof ـــــــﯚفT ﮔـــــــﻮpressure, crumple; ~în
ــﯚﻓــﲔT ﮔــﻮv.t. to crumple; ~tin ــﯚﻓــﱳTﮔــﻮ
gułof- ـﯚفT ﮔ ـﻮv.t. to squeeze, crumple;
kho hał-~tin v.t. to hug oneself
gum ﮔـﻮمlost; ~-bûn to get lost; ~řâ اgﮔـﻮﻣـ
lost, deviant
gumân ﮔـﻮﻣـﺎنdoubt, hesitation; ~-birdin
v.t. to doubt; to have, possess: hîch
shitè gumân nâbam I do not possess
anything; be~ ــﮕــﻮﻣــﺎن² ﺑــdoubtless(ly),
convinced
gumbad ﻪدm ﮔﻮﻣdome
gun ﮔﻮنtestes
gunâ ‡ ﮔــــﻮsin, pity; ~bâr ﮔــــﻮ‡¶رsinner,
transgressor
gund ﮔـﻮﻧـﺪvillage; ~nishîn ـﺸـﲔë ﮔـﻮﻧـﺪvillager, village-dwelling
gunjân ﮔ ـﻮﳒ ـﺎنgunje- ‰ ﮔ ـﻮﳒ ـv.i. to fit, be
fitting; dagunje biłeyn we may say, it
is appropriate for us to say
gur ﮔﻮرwolf; meeting
guř ﮔـــﻮڕpower; flame; threat; ~~ hâtinà
khwâre to pour down; ba~ powerful,
strong
gur|ân ﮔــــــﻮرانgure- ﮔــــــﻮرێv.i. to have
one’s head cut off; ~ândin ﮔ ـﻮراﻧ ـﺪنv.t.
to cut s.o.’s head off
guř|ân ﮔــــــﻮڕانguře- ﮔــــــﻮڕێv.i. to roar;
~ândin ﮔـﻮڕاﻧـﺪنv.t. to roar; ~în ـﻦa ﮔـﻮڕto
roar
gurg ﮔﻮرگwolf
gurîs ﮔﻮر§ﺲrope
gurj ﮔــــﻮرجquick, soon; ba ~î óﺑــــﻪ ﮔــــﻮر
quickly, soon; ~ u goł ﮔـﻮرج و ﮔـﯚڵnim-
187
SORANI KURDISH
ble; ba ~ u gołî ﯽT ﺑﻪ ﮔﻮرج و ﮔﯚnimbly
gutin ــﻦŽ ﮔــﻮłe- ‰ــT v.t. to say (see witin):
har b’ aw mabastaî ka gutmân just as
we said
guzar ﮔــــــﻮزﻩرlane, passage; area; ~-kirdin ba …(dâ) v.t. to pass by; ~ândin
ﮔــــﻮزﻩراﻧــــﺪنguzaren- ــــﻦ¤ ﮔــــﻮزﻩرv.t. to
spend, pass: hamû zhyân’î lagał
mařdârî guzarândûa he has spent his
entire life being a shepherd; zhyân-u~ân نوﮔﻮزﻩرانp ژlife
gû ﮔﻮوexcrement, shit
gûr ﮔﻮورcalf
gwâstin(awa) ﮔــﻮاﺳــﱳgwez-(awa) ــﺰ¤ﮔــﻮ
v.t. to move, to relocate; to take a
bride to the husband’s house
gwâya ﮔﻮاﯾﻪas if, as though, you’d say
gwâztin(awa) ـــــــﻦŽ ﮔـــــــﻮازv.t. to move; =
gwâstin
gwe ﮔـــــﻮێear; ~-âkhnîn la to ignore; ~bûn la v.i. to hear; ~-dânà … to
listen to; ~-(râ)girtin la v.t. to listen
to
gwebîs ـــﺲ
›ﺒl ﮔـﻮobedient; aware: wâ gwebîs bûm ka bârân bârîwa I was aware
that it had rained
gwecham ﻪمÂl ﮔﻮriverbank
gwechka ﭽﮑـﻪl
ﮔـﻮ ـ ـear; ~-dân v.t. to listen;
~-girtin v.t. to hear; ~-takândin v.t.
to listen
gweder ﺮ¤ﺪl ﮔﻮlistener
gwedrezh ﮋ¤ﺪرl ﮔﻮmule
gwegir ﮕﺮ¤ ﮔﻮlistener
gwegirân ﮕﺮان¤ ﮔﻮhard of hearing
gwel ﻞl ﮔﻮhandful
gwepichiř-gwepichiř gﭙﭽـl
ﮔـﻮ ــgﭙﭽـl ﮔـﻮ ــwith
great difficulty: girtibûyânim, gwepichiř-gwepichiř rizgârîm hât they
had captured me, and I was rescued
with great difficulty; with alacrity
gwequłâkh خŸﻘﻮl ﮔﻮattentive
gwerâyał ـﺮاﯾـﻪڵ¤ ﮔـﻮobedient, submissive;
~î obedience, submissiveness
gweraka ﺮﻩﮐﻪ¤ ﮔﻮcalf
gwez ﺰ¤ ﮔﻮwalnut; ~hînd ﺰﻫﻴﻨﺪ¤ ﮔﻮcoconut
gwez- ﺰ¤ ﮔﻮpres. stem of gwâstin
gyâ ﮔﻴﺎplant
gyân ﮔـــﻴـــﺎنsoul; (following name) dear;
wa ~ kawtin to escape alive; ~keshân v.t. to work hard; ~-(a)spârdin v.t. to give up the ghost, to die;
~dâr ﮔـــﻴـــﺎﻧـــﺪارanimal, living creature;
~kanisht ﺸـﺖëﮑـﻪ ـs ـﮔﻴـﺎ ـmoment of death;
~labar ﺑﻪرƒ ﮔﻴﺎﻧalive, living
habûn ﻫـﻪﺑـﻮونfor there to be; haya there
is; habû there was; habe u nabe
“come hell or high water”
hafta ﻪµ ﻫﻪﻓweek
haftâ ﺎµ ﻫﻪﻓseventy
haftâna ﺎﻧﻪµ ﻫﻪﻓweekly
hagba ﻫﻪﮔﺒﻪsaddle pack
ḥakâyat „ـــــﻪﰷﯾـــــﻪتstory, tale; ~khwân
„ﻪﰷﯾﻪﲣﻮانteller of tales, storyteller
ḥakîm ﲓB „ﻪphysician
hal (1) ﻫـــــﻪلtime, turn: la ~ u darfate in
time, at the right time; la hîch ~ u
marjèk’dâ at no time and under no
circumstances; (2) opportunity: bo
halèk i wâ dagařân they were looking
for just such an opportunity
hał- ﻫ ـﻪڵcompound-verbal prefix; for all
verbs compounded with hał-, see under the verbal element
hała ـــﻪT ﻫـــﻪerror, mistake; ba ~(dâ) erroneously
haładâwân ـﻪداوانT ﻫـﻪhaste; ba ~ hurriedly, hastily, in a hurry
hałat ﻪتT ﻫﻪprecipice
hałâtin ﻦŽŸ = ﻫﻪhał-hâtin
hałbast ﺒــﻪﺳـﺖT ﻫـﻪpoet; ~a ﺘــﻪ8ﺒــﻪﺳـT ﻫـﻪpoem,
poetry
hałbizhârdin اردنöـــT ﻫـــﻪelection (see bizhârdin)
hałdast- ــﺪﻩﺳــﺖT ﻫــﻪsee hał-wastân (s.v.
wastân)
hałè ‰ـــT ﻫـــﻪthe prefix hał- with the directional suffix -è; see under hał-hâtin
hałenjân ﺎنíﻨ²T ﻫﻪv.t. to draw water
hałiz ـﺰT ﻫ ـﻪtype of plant with needle-like
188
SORANI–ENGLISH VOCABULARY
leaves
hałkawt ﮑـﻪوتT ﻫـﻪ ـchance, accident; ba ~
ﮑـﻪوتT ﺑـﻪ ﻫـﻪ ـby chance, incidentally; ~û
ﮑﻪوﺗﻮوT ﻫﻪnice-looking
hałmat ﻤـﻪتT ﻫـﻪ ـattack; ~-birdin/-dân v.t.
to attack
hało ﯚT ﻫﻪeagle
hałpa ﭙﻪT ﻫﻪhaste
hałpařke ‰ﭙﻪڕﮐT ﻫﻪtype of Kurdish dance
hałs ـﺲT ﻫـﻪrising; ~ukawt ﺴـﻮﮐـﻪوتT ﻫـﻪ ـbehavior, conduct
hałssân ـﺴـﺎنT ﻫـﻪhałss- ـﺲT ﻫـﻪcontraction
of hał-wastân, q.v.
hałwest (1) ـﺴ ـﺖâ ـﻮT ﻫ ـﻪa short rest, stop;
(2) point of view, standpoint, stance
ham1 ﻫـﻪمconcern, grief; ~u tam ﻫـﻪموﺗـﻪم
sorrow and grief
ham2…ham ﻫﻪم... ﻫﻪمboth…and
hamân ﻫــــﻪﻣــــﺎنthat very, the aforementioned
hamaranga ـﮕ ـﻪs ﻫ ـﻪﻣ ـﻪرﻩmulticolored, of
all sorts, varied
hamdîs ﻫــــﻪﻣــــﺪ§ــــﺲonce again, all over
again
hamîsân ﻫﻪﻣ›ﺴﺎنagain
hamîsha ﻫـــﻪﻣـــ›ـــﺸـــﻪalways; ~î constant:
khwâst i hamîshaî a wish one has
always had
ḥaml „ــــﻪﻣــــﻞpregnancy: zhinakáy bâr i
hamlî dabe his wife is pregnant
hamû ﻫـــﻪﻣـــﻮوall, every (+ indefinite): ~
rozhèk every day
hana ﻫــــﻪﻧــــﻪsecond wife (relationship to
the first wife); ~zâ ﻫـــــــﻪﻧـــــــﻪزاchild of
another wife, step-child
hanâr ﻫﻪ‡رpomegranate
hanâsa ﻫــــــــﻪ‡ﺳــــــــﻪbreath, sigh; ~ hałkeshân v.t. to breathe a sigh; ~sardî
ﻫﻪ‡ﺳﻪﺳﻪردیgrief
hand ﻫـﻪﻧـﺪ: ~è ﻫـﻪﻧـﺪێ, ~èk ـﮏ¤ ﻫـﻪﻧـﺪa little,
a bit, somewhat, rather
handar ﻫﻪﻧﺪﻩرoutside; ~î foreign
hangâw ـﮕـﺎوs ﻫـﻪstep, pace; ~-nân bo v.t.
to step into
hangwen ﻦ¤ﮕﻮs ﻫﻪhoney
ḥapasân „ـﻪﭘـﻪﺳـﺎنḥapase- ‰ „ـﻪﭘـﻪﺳـv.i. to
be astounded, stunned
haq ﻫـﻪق، „ـﻪقright; ~ ba ~ ﻫـﻪق ﺑـﻪ ﻫـﻪقtit
for tat; ~ bûn ba to be right: haq ba
to a you’re right; ba~ ﺑــــــﻪﻫــــــﻪقin the
right; be~ ﻬﻪق² ﺑin the wrong
haqdast ﻫﻪﻗﺪﻩﺳﺖwage
ḥaqîqat „ﻪﻗ;ﻘﻪتtruth, reality
har ﻫـــﻪرjust; ~ awanda ﻫـــﻪرﺋـــﻪوﻩﻧـــﺪﻩjust
that much; ~ chonè bû somehow or
other; ~chand ﻫـﻪر¸ـﻪﻧـﺪhowever much,
no matter how much; ~chanda ﻫــﻪر¸ــﻪ
ـﻧ ﺪﻩalthough; ~chî ﻫـﻪرﭼـﯽwhatever, no
matter what; ~chîchikânawa ﻫــــﻪرﭼــــﯽ
ﭼـــﲀﻧـــﻪوﻩno matter what they did; ~ka
ﻫــــﻪرﮐــــﻪas soon as: har ka châwî pem
kawt as soon as his eyes fell upon me;
~wahâ ﻫـــﻪروﻩﻫـــﺎ, ~wâ ﻫـــﻪرواlikewise;
~watir ﺮŽ ﻫﻪروﻩeven more so
hař u gîf (gîv) ﻫﻪڕ و ﮔﻴﻒthreat
hara- ( ﻫـــــــــــــــﻪرﻩprefix with superlative
sense); ~barz ﻫــــﻪرﻩﺑــــﻪرزexalted, very
high, supreme: dâdga i harabarz
supreme court; ~girân ﻫـــﻪرﻩﮔـــﺮانvery
heavy
haras ﻫـــﻪرﻩسlandslide, avalanche (construed with birdin and henân)
hařasha ﻫـــﻪڕﻩﺷـــﻪthreat; ~-kirdin la v.t.
to threaten
hařâ-kirdin ﺮدنB ﻫﻪڕاv.t. to run
harâsân ﻫــــﻪراﺳــــﺎنout-of-sorts, in a bad
mood
harem ﻢl ﻫﻪرregion
hargiz ( ﻫـﻪرﮔـﺰ+ neg) never; ~âw~ ﻫـﻪرﮔـﺰاو
ﻫﻪرﮔﺰnever ever
harzakâr ﻫﻪرزﻩﰷرadolescent
harzał-harzał ﻫــــﻪرزﻩڵ ﻫــــﻪرزﻩڵin tatters
and shreds, useless
ḥasân|awa „ـﻪﺳـﺎﻧـﻪوﻩḥase- -awa ه...‰„ـﻪﺳـ
وﻩv.i. to rest, relax, be in repose;
~dinawa „ـﻪﺳـﺎﻧـﺪﻧـﻪوﻩv.t. to let rest, let
relax
ḥashîmat „ﻪﺷ;ـﻤﻪتpeople, crowd
hast ﻫـــﻪﺳـــﺖfeeling; ~-kirdin ba v.t. to
feel: hast’î ba birsetî kird he felt hun-
189
SORANI KURDISH
ger; ~yâr (neol.) poet
hatâ c ﻫـــﻪuntil, even; ~ hatâî ﰃcﻫـــﻪcﻫـــﻪ
forever
hatâw وc ﻫﻪthe sun; ~î وىc ﻫﻪsolar
hatî ﻫــــــــﻪﰏthreatening term of address:
hatî! datkuzhim! I’m going to kill
you, you devil!
hatîm ﻫﻪﺗﲓorphan
hatîw = ﻫﻪﺗﻴﻮhatîm
hawał ﻫﻪوﻩڵfirst; ~în ﲔT ﻫﻪوﻩfirst
hawâ ﻫﻪواair, weather
hawâł ﻫﻪواڵnews
hawâr ﻫـــــــﻪوارsummer pasture; ~nishîn
ـــﺸـــﲔë ﻫـــﻪوارencamped for the summer
(of a nomadic tribe)
hawen ﻦ¤ ﻫﻪوleaven, ferment
hawł ﻫــــــــــــــﻪوڵtoil, effort; ~-dân v.t. to
strive, to work hard, to attempt
Hawler ﺮŒ ﻫﻪوﻟArbil, Arbela
hawr ﻫﻪورcloud
hawsha ﻫﻪوﺷﻪcourtyard
ḥawt „ﻪوتseven; ~â c „ﻪوseventy
ḥawz „ﻪوزpool
haya ﻫـــﻪﯾـــﻪthere is, there are; (preceded
by a possessive pronoun) to have:
pirsyârekim haya I have a question
hayhât ﻫﻪﳞﺎتimpossible
haz ﻫـــــــﻪزdesire; ~-kirdin v.t. to desire:
haz dakam bitbînim I’d like to see
you
hazhâr ﻫـﻪژارpoor, unfortunate; ~î ﻫـﻪژاری
poverty, misfortune
ḥazîrân ــــﺮانa „ــــﻪزJune (see also huzayrân)
hâkâ ﻫ˜ﰷthus
ḥâkim „˜ﰼruler
ḥâł „ــــﺎڵstate, condition; ~ u masala tegayândin v.t. to explain a situation
to: ~ u masala’y te gayândim he explained the situation to me
hâle ‰ ﻫـــﺎﻟـــinformed; ~-bûn ba to be informed of; ~-bûn ba … la … to be
thinking of one thing (ba) instead of
another (la), to mistake X (ba) for Y
(la): ba kasèk i dîka’m le hâle nabin?
might they not be confusing me with
somebody else?
hâłî ﯽT ﻫﺎempty
hâło ﯚT ﻫﺎearthenware pot
hâlû ﻫﺎﻟﻮmaternal uncle
hâmez ﺰŒ ﻫﺎﻣbosom, embrace
hâna ﻫـــــﺎﻧـــــﻪmotivation, provocation; ~dân v.t. to motivate
hâne ê ﻫﺎthere, take it
hâra ﻫـــــــــــﺎرﻩshout; ~ i pekanîn peal of
laughter
hâřâ|n ﻫـــﺎڕانv.i. to be pulverized; ~ndin
ﻫــــﺎڕاﻧــــﺪنv.t. to pulverize; ~wa ﻫــــﺎڕاوﻩ
dust, powder, grist
ḥâshâ „ـﺎﺷـﺎdenial; ~-kirdin v.t. to deny;
~hałnagir ﻨﻪﮔﺮT „ﺎﺷﺎﻫﻪundeniable
ḥâshiya ﻴﻪ8 „ﺎﺷmarginalia
hât ﻫــــــــﺎتluck: hâtim niya I don’t have
any luck; ~uchû-kirdin ﻫـــــﺎت و ﭼـــــﻮو
ﺮدنB v.t. to come and go, to frequent
hâtin ـﻦŽ ﻫ ـﺎye-/de- ﯾ ـﻪ/( دێpres. subj. be/; impt. sing. wára )وﻩرﻩv.i. to come;
(with kas and following subjunctive)
no one would: kas nâye kârèk i wâ
bikât no one would do such a thing;
dâ-~ to be accustomed; hał-~ to run
away: hât hałè he started to run away;
râ-~ lagał …dâ to learn from, be
taught by, get used to; ~à (+ infinitive) to get …: hâtinà kushtin they
got killed, hâtà girtin he got caught; ~
la to be capable of being: la hałgirtin
nadahât it couldn’t be picked up
hâtucho-kirdin ـــﺮدنB ﻫـــﺎﺗـــﻮﭼـــﯚv.t. to frequent (a place)
hâw- ( ﻫـــــﺎوprefix) same- (see individual
words alphabetically)
hâwâr ﻫ ـﺎوارcry for help; ~-kirdin v.t. to
cry for help
hâwbash ﻫ ـﺎوﺑ ـﻪشparticipant; ~ i … bûn
to participate, share in; ~î ﻫـﺎوﺑـﻪﳽparticipation; ~î-kirdin la …’dâ v.t. to
participate in
hâwezh ﮋ¤ ﻫﺎوgrasp
hâwezh- ﮋ¤ ﻫﺎوpres. stem of hâwîshtin
190
SORANI–ENGLISH VOCABULARY
hâwirdin ﻫﺎوردنhâwir- ﻫﺎورv.t. to bring
hâwîn ﻦa ﻫﺎوsummer
hâwîshtin ﻫـﺎو§ـﺸـﱳhâwezh- ـﮋ¤ ﻫـﺎوv.t. to
throw, toss, shoot; dar-~ to toss out,
throw away
hâwkâr ﻫـﺎوﰷرcolleague; ~î-kirdin lagał
v.t. to cooperate with
hâwmânâ ‡ ﻫــــﺎوﻣــــﺎsynonymous, having
the same meaning
hâwnâw ﻫﺎو‡وnamesake; synonym
hâwře ﻫﺎوڕێcomrade, companion
hâwsafar ﻫﺎوﺳﻪﻓﻪرtraveling companion
hâwsâ ﻫﺎوﺳﺎneighbor
hâwshewa ﻮﻩ²8 ﻫﺎوﺷsimilar
hâwshîra ﻫﺎوﺷﲑﻩsister
hâwtaman ﻫـﺎوﺗـﻪﻣـﻪنcontemporary, of the
same age
hâwtâ c ﻫﺎوequal; be~ cﻬﺎو² ﺑunequalled
hâybakht ﻫﺎﯾﺒﻪﺧﺖlottery
hâzir ﻫﺎزرready
hejgâr ﺠﮕﺎر² ﻫextremely
heł- Dz ﻫpres. stem of heshtin
hełân نËـ² ﻫـhełe- ‰ـk² ﻫـ ـv.t. to let go; dâ~à khwârawa to let down, lower:
pat’yân henâ u dâyânhełâ khwârawa
they brought a rope and lowered him
down
helka ﻠﮑﻪ² ﻫegg
hemin ـﻤ ـﻦ² ﻫ ـslow; ~-kirdin v.t. to slow,
slow down: hangâwî hemin kird he
slowed his pace; ~î slowness: ba
heminî rû’m da hâwřeakám kird u
gutim I slowly turned my face to my
companion and said
henân ــﻨــﺎن² ﻫــhen- ــﻦŒ( ﻫــv.t.; pres. stem
often yen-, as in nâyenim for nâhenim
I won’t bring it) to bring; ~awa sar
kho- to bring back to oneself; ba je ~
to execute, carry out (an order); dar-~
(darenân) to put out, pull out, take
off, extract: châwîlkaká’m la châw
darenâbû I had taken off my glasses;
dâ-~ to comb the hair down; râ-~ to
teach, to get into shape; to tame
Hend ﻨﺪ² ﻫIndia
henda ـــﺪﻩ
ﻨ² ﻫso, so much, this much; ~ …
tâ so much (so) that: bulbul henda’y
khwend tâ kham’î la hamû diłân
târand the nightingale sang so much
that it drove the sorrow from all
hearts
hendè(k) ــﻨــﺪێ² ﻫــ،ــﮏ¤ــﻨــﺪ² ﻫــa bit; for a
while
henrân ـــﲊان² ﻫـــhenre- ـــﲊێ² ﻫـــv.p. to be
brought
herish ــــﺮشŒ ﻫــــattack; ~-henân ba to attack; ~-birdinà sar … to attack
(s.o.); ~henar ـﻨـﻪر²ـﺮﺷـﻬـŒ ﻫـattacker, aggressor
hero ﺮۆŒ ﻫmarshmallow (bot.)
heshtâ ـــﺘـــﺎ8ـــﺸـــŒ ﻫـــstill, yet; ~ (+ neg. past
perf.) ka ﮐـﻪ... ﺘـﺎ8ﺸŒ
ﻫــ ــno sooner…than,
scarcely…when: heshtâ nanustibû ka
dangèk’î ba gwe gaysht no sooner
had he fallen asleep than he heard a
noise
heshtin ـﺸـﱳŒ ﻫـheł- Çـ²( ﻫـv.t.; subj. often
beł- for biheł-) to leave, let, allow (+
subj): nayânheshtim bem they didn’t
let me come; to turn loose, let go;
(neg.) not to leave (anyone alive); ba
je ~ to leave alone, leave behind, let
be, abandon: ba je’y heshtim he left
me alone; dâ-~ to let down, lower:
patèk’im bo benin u dâmbełinà
khwârawa bring me a rope and lower
me down
hez ـــــﺰŒ ﻫـــــstrength, power: ~ i atom the
power of the atom; ba~ ﺰŒ ﺑﻪﻫpowerful
hezhâ ﮋاŒ ﻫvalued, valuable, dear
ḥikâyat = ﺣﲀﯾﻪتhakâyat
ḥikûmat ﺣﮑﻮوﻣﻪتgovernment
ḥizb ﺣﺰبpolitical party
hî ﻫــــــﯽreally: hî awa niya bâs bikre it’s
not really anything that can be talked
about
hîch ( ﻫﻴــﭻ+ neg.) nothing: ~ i tir nothing
else; ~ kasèk ﮏ²8 ﻫﻴﭻ ﮐﻪﺳnobody
hîlâk ﻫـــﻴـــﻼکtired; ~î tiredness, exhaustion
191
SORANI KURDISH
ḥîlk|a ﺣـــ;ـــﻠـــﮑـــﻪpeal of laughter; ~ândin
ﺣ;ﻠﲀﻧﺪنv.t. to laugh
hîn-bûn ﻫﲔ ﺑﻮونv.i. to learn
hîshk ﻫ›ﺸﮏdry
hîwâ ﻫـــﻴـــﻮاhope: hîwâ i zhyân’î le nadakirâ there was no hope of his surviving; ~biřrâw اوg ﻫـﻴـﻮا–ـwithout hope, in
despair; ~biřrâwî اویg ﻫـــﻴـــﻮا–ـــdespair;
~dâr ﻫﻴﻮادارhopeful
hîz ﻫــﲒskein, leather bag for oil, cheese,
&c.
ho ﻫﯚreason
hoba ﻫﯚﺑﻪcampsite
hoda ﻫﯚدﻩroom
hon|în ﻫــــﯚﻧــــﲔv.t. to spin (thread), compose (poetry); ~din ﻫـﯚﻧـﺪنv.t. to string,
to weave together; ~drâw ﻫ ـﯚﻧ ـﺪراوwoven together, threaded together; ~râw
ﺮاوs = ﻫﯚhondrâw
hor ﻫﯚرboom, big noise
hoř ﻫﯚڕsack
hortik ﮏŽ ﻫﻮرugly baby
hosh ﻫـــــــﯚشconsciousness; hâtinawa ~
kho- to regain consciousness; la ~ (i
kho) chûn to lose consciousness; be~
ـــﻬـــﯚش² ﺑـــunconscious; be~-bûn v.i. to
faint, pass out, lose consciousness
hoz ﻫﯚزtribe, people, population
htâ = ﻫﺘﺎhatâ
humed ﻫ ـﻮﻣ ـ´ ـﺪhope; ~biřrâw اوgﻫ ـﻮﻣ ـ´ ـﺪ– ـ
hopeless, in despair
hunar ﻫـــــــﻮﻧـــــــﻪرart, craft, skill; ~mand
ﻫــﻮﻧــﻪرﻣــﻪﻧــﺪartist, artisan; ba~ ﺑــﻪﻫــﻮﻧــﻪر
skilled
ḥushtir = ﺣﻮﺷﱰwishtir
ḥuzayrân ﺮانa ﺣﻮزﻩJune
hûn-bûn = ﻫﻮون ﺑﻮونhîn-bûn
hûsha u fîsha ﻫﻮوﺷﻪ و ﻓ›ﺸﻪhissing
(initial i and î are intermingled in alphabetization; the distinction between
initial i and î is not always maintained; initial î is spelled ﺋ ـ; ــand اﯾ ــindiscriminately)
ibtidâî اﺑﺘﺪاﰃelementary
idâra ادارﻩoffice
îdî ﺋﻴﺪیanymore
îjâbî ﺎﰉí ﺋﻴpositive
ikhtiyâr ـﻴ ـﺎرµ اﺧ ـold, aged: rîshim spî bû,
tawâw ~ bûwim my beard is white: I
have become old
iklîl ﳇﻴﻞä = kilîl
îmayl ﺋ;ـﻤﻪﯾﻞe-mail
împirâtorî ـﺮاﺗـﯚریÎ ﺋـﻴـempire: ~ i ‘usmânî
the Ottoman Empire
împiryâlîst ﻟ›ﺴـﺖ
ــpــﺮÎ ﺋ;ـــﻤimperialist: natawa gawra ~akân the great imperialist
nations
imřo ۆg اﻣtoday
imshaw اﻣﺸﻪوtonight
înglîs ــﮕــﻠــ›ــﺲž ﺋــ›ــthe English, the British
(coll.); ~î English (person, language)
injâ ﺎíž› ﺋthen, next
insân ﺴﺎنë اhuman being
‘Irâq ﻋﺮاقIraq; ~î ﻋﺮاﰵIraqi
isti‘mâr ــــﺘــﻌــﲈر8 اﺳcolonialism, imperialism; ~î ﺘﻌﲈری8 اﺳimperialist
îsh ﺋــ›ــﺶwork, labor, deed; ~-kirdin v.t.
to work; ~kar ﺋ›ﺸﮑـﻪر
ــ ـhardworking; ~u-kâr ﺋ›ﺶ و ﰷرbusiness
-îsh ( §ـــــــﺶenclitic, after vowels ’sh and
’ysh) too, also, either
îshârat ﺋ›ﺸﺎرﻩتmotion; sign
îslâm ﺋ›ﺴﻼمIslam; ~î Islamic
îstaram-kirdin la v ـﺮدنB ــﺘـﻪرﻩم8 ﺋـ›ـﺴv.t. to
beg, plead with
îtir ﺋﻴﱰagain, another time
îzn ﺋــــــــــــﲒنpermission; ba ~ i khwâ by
God’s leave
jala-kirdin ــﺮدنB v •ــﻪv.t. to tie (animals)
together in a herd
jallâd •ﻠﻼدexecutioner
jambûra ـﻮورﻩm •ـﻪﻣـgenerality, crowd; ~ i
khałk üﻪL ﻮورﻩىm •ﻪﻣordinary people
janâb •ــــﻪ‡بexcellency: khałk i gundakámân châwařwân i janâbitin the
people of our village are waiting for
your excellency; janâb i pâshâ his
majesty, your majesty
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SORANI–ENGLISH VOCABULARY
janâza •ﻪ‡زﻩfuneral
jang ﮓs •ﻪwar, battle
jarda •ﻪردﻩhighway robber
jarg •ﻪرگliver, heart (metaphorical)
jarrâḥ •ﻪڕاحsurgeon
jawanda •ﻪوﻩﻧﺪﻩleather water bag
jawâł •ـــــــــــﻪواڵlarge sack or saddlebag,
usually one of a pair on either side of
a donkey or horse
jawâhîr •ﻪواﻫﲑjewels
jazhn •ﻪژنfestival, celebration
jâ •ﺎthen, therefore
jâda •ﺎدﻩroad, street
jâdû •ـﺎدووmagic, sorcery; ~gar •ـﺎدووﮔـﻪر
magician, sorcerer
jâłjâłûka ﻮوﮐﻪTﺎíT •ﺎspider
jâm •ﺎمmirror, glass, pane; bowl
jânawar •ﺎﻧﻪوﻩرanimal
jândârm •ﺎﻧﺪارمpolice
jântâ •ﺎﻧﺘﺎsatchel
jâr •ـﺎرtime, instance: dû hafta ~èk once
every two weeks; ~ân •ـــــــــــﺎرانolden
times, past times; ~èk ــــﮏ¤ •ــــﺎرonce;
~èkyân ﮑ;ــﺎن¤ •ـﺎر ـonce, one time; ba ~e
ﺑـﻪ•ـﺎرێall at once; ~ u bâr •ـﺎرو¶رoccasionally, from time to time
jâř •ـــــــــﺎڕproclamation; ~-dân la v.t. to
proclaim, to broadcast; ~-keshân v.t.
to proclaim, make a proclamation;
~chî •ﺎڕﭼﯽherald
jâwîn ﻦa •ﺎوv.t. to chew
je ‰ ﺟــــــــــplace; la ~gâ i instead of; ba ~
mân v.i. to be left behind; ba ~
heshtin v.t. to leave, leave behind,
abandon; ~-mân v.i. to be left behind;
~ga ﺟـ´ـﮕـﻪplace, bed; ~gâ ﺟـ´ـﮕـﺎplace,
position; ~nishîn ـﺸ ـﲔÀ ﺟ ـ´ ـheir-apparent, successor
jebaje-kirdin ـﺮدنB ‰ ﺟ ـ´ ـﺒ ـﻪﺟ ـv.t. to finish
off, to polish off
jiga la v ﺟــــــﮕــــــﻪaside from, except for;
without; jiga l’ awaî وﻩىv ﺟـــﮕـــﻪaside
from the fact that, in addition to the
fact that
jigar ﺟﮕـﻪر
ـliver, child; ~-sûtân to lose a
child to death; ~gosha ﺟﮕـﻪرﮔـﯚﺷـﻪ
ـchild;
~soz ﺟﮕﻪرﺳﯚزconsoler
jigara ﺟـــــــﮕـــــــﻪرﻩcigarette; ~-keshân to
smoke cigarettes
jighâr ﺟﻐﺎرgrief, sorrow
jil •ـــــــــــﻞclothes, togs; ~-nân to put on
clothes
jila ĥ octopus
jiław ﻪوk• reins
jimîn ﲨﲔjim- ﰖv.i. to move
jinew ﻮ²ž ﺟinsult; ~-dân ba to curse at
jinoka ﯚﮐﻪž ﺟgenii
jinûb ﻮوبž ﺟsouth
jiř g ﺟــــrip; ~-dân v.t. to rip; ~-hâtin v.i.
to have difficulty, be sad
jirîwa ﺟﺮﯾﻮﻩcooing (of doves)
jisin ﺟﺴﻦnoble, race
jiwân ﺟـــﻮانyoung; ~amarg ﺟـــﻮاﻧـــﻪﻣـــﻪرگ
died young; ~ka ﮑﻪs ﺟﻮاadolescent
jizma ﺟﺰﻣﻪboot
jîhân ﺟ ـﳱ ـﺎنworld; ~bîn ﺟ ـﳱ ـﺎﻧ ـﺒ ـﲔworldseeing, all-seeing
jînosâyd ﺟ;ﻨﯚﺳﺎﯾﺪgenocide
jîra • ـﲑﻩsalary, stipend; ~khor • ـﲑﻩﺧ ـﯚر
salaried
joga ﺟﯚﮔﻪstream
jołâ Ÿ ﺟﯚweaver
jor ﺟـﯚرsort, kind; manner: b’ aw jorá in
that manner; ~âw~ ﺟــــــﯚراﺟــــــﯚر, ~ba~
ﺟﯚرﺑﻪﺟﯚرof all sorts, various
jorâw ﺟﯚراوsock
jořik ﺟﯚڕکbag, saddlebag
jozardân ﺟﯚزﻩردانthe month of Gemini
jum‘a ﺟﻮﻣﻌﻪFriday
jûł|a-kirdin ــــــﺮدنB ــــــﻪT ﺟــــــﻮوto move, to
budge; ~ân ﺟــﻮوﻻنjûłe- ‰ ﺟــﻮوﻟــv.i. to
move
jût ﺟﻮوتpair; ~yâr ﺟﻮوﺗﻴﺎرfarmer
jwâb ﺟـــــﻮابanswer, reply; ~-dân v.t. to
reply
jwân ﺟـــــــﻮانpretty, beautiful; ~î ﺟـــــــﻮاﱏ
beauty
jyâ ﺟ;ــﺎseparate, apart; ~wâz ﺟ;ــﺎوازseparate; ~wâzî ﺟ;ــﺎوازیdistinguishing feature
193
SORANI KURDISH
jyât i ﺟ;ﺎﰏinstead of
ka1 ﮐــــــــــــﻪother, else: hîch i ~’m nâwe I
don’t want anything else
ka2 ﮐـــــﻪwhen (conj); that (subordinating
conj.)
ka- ﮐﻪpres. stem of kirdin
kachał ﮐﻪ¸ﻪڵbald, mangy
kachî ﮐﻪﭼﯽbut, on the other hand
kaftin ﮐﻪﻓﱳkaf- = ﮐﻪفkawtin
kal ﮐـــــــــــــــﻪلmountain pass; broken (of
teeth); ~-u-pal ﮐﻪلوﭘﻪلodds and ends
kalabâb ¶بv ﮐﻪrooster
kałak ﻪکT ﮐﻪpile; ~ a bard pile of rocks
kałakewî ﻮی²ﻪﮐT ﮐﻪmountain ram
kalapoř ﭘﯚڕv ﮐﻪparaphernalia, baggage
kalapûr ﭘﻮورv ﮐﻪtradition; ~î traditional
kałasher ﺮŒﻪﺷT ﮐﻪrooster
kalâwa ﮐﻪﻻوﻩruin, a ruined building
kałk ـﮏT ﮐـﻪuse, benefit: kałkî nabû it was
useless; ~ war-girtin la to derive
benefit from; ~bakhsh ــﻪﺧـﺶmﮑT ﮐـﻪ ـbeneficial; ba~ ـﮏT ﺑـﻪﮐـﻪuseful, beneficial;
be~ ﮏTﮑﻪ² ﺑuseless, worthless
kałkała i ﻪیTﮑﻪT ﮐﻪwish, desire for
kalla ƒ ﮐﻪﻟـhead
kaltur ﮐﻪﻟﺘﻮرculture
kalupal = ﮐﻪﻟﻮﭘﻪلkalapoř
kam ﮐــﻪمlittle, little bit; ~bînâ ــﻴــﻨــﺎmﮐــﻪﻣــ
weak-sighted, unable to see well;
~hawen ـﻦ¤ـﻪو¹ ﮐـﻪunproductive; ~tir ﮐـﻪ
ﻣـﱰless; ~ u zor more or less; ~tâkurtè(k) more or less
kamarchîn ﮐﻪﻣﻪر¸ﲔcliff
kan- ﮐﻪنpres. stem of kanîn and kanin
kanâł ﮐﻪ‡ڵchannel (television)
kandałân نŸ ﮐﻪﻧﺪﻩedge of ravine
kandâł ﮐﻪﻧﺪاڵhill
kandin ﮐﻪﻧﺪنsee kanin
kandrân ﮐـــﻪﻧـــﺪرانv.p. to be pulled up, to
be dug up; hał-~ to be pulled out, to
be wrenched out
kange ‰ﮕs ﮐﻪwhen?, what time?
kanin ـﻦs( ﮐ ـﻪkandin )ﮐ ـﻪﻧ ـﺪنkan- ﮐ ـﻪنto
pull up, off, dig up; dâ-~ to pull off;
hał-~ to pull up, uproot, dig
kanîn ﮐـﻪﻧـﲔ-kan- ﮐـﻪنv.i. to laugh; pe-~
to laugh
kanîshk ﮐﻪﻧ›ﺸﮏgirl, daughter
kar ﮐﻪرdonkey, ass
karasa = ﮐﻪرﻩﺳﻪkarista
kařat ﮐﻪڕﻩت. See karrat.
karista ﺘـﻪ8ﺳ
ﮐـﻪر ــraw material; instrument,
tool, means; feature
Karkûk ﻮوکB ﮐﻪرKirkuk
karrat ﮐــــــﻪڕﻩتtime, instance: aw ~á’sh
that time too; la mezhû i kurd’dâ bo
hawałîn ~ for the first time in the
history of the Kurds
karsak ﮐﻪرﺳﻪکlarge clod
karweshik = ﮐﻪرو§ﺸﮏkawreshik
kas ﮐـﻪسperson; ~è ‰ ﮐـﻪﺳـanybody; ~-ukâr ﮐـﻪس و ﰷرpeople, relatives; ~âyatî
ﮐﻪﺳﺎﯾﻪﰏrelationship
kasâbat ﮐـﻪﺳـﺎﺑـﻪتlivelihood: bâwkim kâr
u ~î chi bû? What did my father do
for a living?; ~-kirdin v.t. to make a
living
kasâs ﮐﻪﺳﺎسdistressed; ~î distress
kash ﮐﻪشstormcloud
kashtî ﱴ8 ﮐﻪﺷboat, ship
kasukâr ﮐﻪﺳﻮﰷرsee kas
katin ــﻦŽ ﮐــﻪinsult; ~-kirdin ba v.t. to insult: katinèk i gawra’y pe kirdûm he
has insulted me greatly
kaw ﮐﻪوsieve with large holes
kaw- ﮐﻪوpres. stem of kawtin
kawâł ﮐـــﻪواڵherds and flocks; ~~ spread
out
kawâta ﮐﻪواﺗﻪthen, therefore, in that case
kawâw ﮐﻪواوroasted meat
kawchik ﮐﻪو¸ﮏspoon
kawł ﮐـــﻪوڵskin (of an animal); ~-kirdin
to skin (an animal)
kawn ﮐﻪونold; ~ârâ ﮐﻪو‡راold, ancient
kawreshik ﺸﮏâ ﮐﻪورrabbit, hare
kawsh ﮐﻪوشshoe
kawtin ـﻦŽ ﮐـﻪوkaw- ﮐـﻪوv.i. to fall, befall;
dar-~ to go outside, to appear; dâ-~
to fall away; dûr ~awa to get far
194
SORANI–ENGLISH VOCABULARY
away; ~à … (+ inf.) to start to, fall to:
kawtînà qsa kirdin we started talking;
hał-~ la to be situated in
kay ﮐﻪیwhen?
kaybânû ﮐﻪﯾﺒﺎﻧﻮوlady
kayf ﮐـــﻪﯾـــﻒenjoyment; ~ u safâ kirdin
lagał v.t. to enjoy oneself (sexually)
with
Kaykâwis ــــﲀوسa ﮐــــﻪKay-Kaus, shah of
Iran
kazh ﮐﻪژmountain
kazhâl = ﮐﻪژالkhazâł
kâ ﰷstraw
kâbrâ ﰷ–ﺮاman, gentleman
kâch ﰷچpool
kâghaz ﰷ™ﻪزpaper
kâhû ﰷﻫﻮوlettuce
kâk ﰷکelder brother; ~a "ﮐﻪsir
kâkłamûshân ﻪﻣﻮوﺷﺎنk "ﮐspider
kâł ﰷڵraw; unripe, immature; light
(color); faded
kâłâ Ÿ ﰷcloth, commercial goods
kâlân ﰷﻻنscabbord
kâm ﰷمwhich?, which one?
kân ﰷنmine; ~zâ ﺰاs ﰷmineral
kânî ﰷﱏspring; ~âw ﰷﻧﻴﺎوwaterspring
kânûn ﰷﻧـــﻮون: ~ i yekam December; ~ i
dûham January
kâr ﰷرwork, thing (intangible): nâtwânîn am ~á bikayn we can’t do this
thing; ~-kirdin v.t. to work, to do
something; ba ~ henrân v.p. to be
used, be put to use; ~ ba sarawa bûn
v.i. to have a responsibility, have
something to do: îdî kâr’it ba sarawa
nabe you have nothing else to do,
there is nothing further you have to
do; be~ ـﲀر² ـﺑunemployed; be~î ـﲀری²ـﺑ
unemployment
kârabâ ¶ ﰷرﻩelectricity
kârakar ﰷرﻩﮐﻪرworker, servant
kârasât ﰷرﻩﺳﺎتcatastrophe
kârbadast ﰷرﺑﻪدﻩﺳﺖofficial
kârez ــــﺰ¤ ﰷرunderground water channel;
~kan ﺰﮐﻪن¤ ﰷرkârez digger
kârîgar ــﮕــﻪرa ﰷرeffective; mortal: birîn i
~ mortal wound
kârkhâna ﺎﻧﻪL ﰷرfactory
kâr-u-bâr ﰷرو¶رaffairs, busines
kârwân ﰷروانcaravan; ~chî ـﯽ# ﰷرواcaravan leader; ~sarâ ـﺴـﻪراë ﰷرواcaravanserai
kâs ﰷسdizzy; faint
kâset ﺖŒ ﰷﺳcassette
kâsib ﰷﺳـــﺐmerchant, trader, shopkeeper; ~î ﱮ8 ﰷﺳtrade, commerce
kât1 ﰷتtime: l’ aw ~á’dâ at that time;
~è(k) ì ﰷ، ـﮏ² ﰷﺗ ـwhen (temporal conjunction); la ~èk’dâ while, during, at
a time when
kât2 ﰷتback of the neck
kâwezh ــــﮋ¤ ﰷوcud; ~-kirdin v.t. to chew
the cud
kâwrâ = ﰷوراkâbrâ
kâya ﰷﯾﻪgame; ~gâ ﰷﯾﻪﮔﺎplaying field
ke ‰ ﮐwho?
kebarke ‰ﺒﻪرﮐ² ﮐrace, competition
kef ﻒ² ﮐmountain; cave
kel ﻞ² ﮐtombstone
kełân ن˲ ﮐkeł- Dz ﮐv.t. to plow
ken ـــﻦŒ ﮐـــthe black fabric of which tents
are made
ker ﺮŒ ﮐpenis
kerd ﺮدŒ ﮐknife
kesha ـــﺸـــﻪŒ ﮐـــdispute; ~ i … chârasarkirdin v.t. to deal with
keshân ـــﺸـــﺎنŒ ﮐـــkesh- ـــﺶŒ ﮐـــv.t. to pull,
draw; râ-~ to draw, pull, select; see
also râ-kishân
kew ﻮ² ﮐmountain
kha ﻪL pres. stem of khistin
khabar ــﻪﺑــﻪرL news; awareness; ~bazen
ـﻦ¤ـﻪﺑـﻪرﺑـﻪزL spy; ~dâr ـﻪﺑـﻪردارL, ba~ ـﻪﺑـﻪLﺑـﻪ
رawake, aware, informed; ~-bûnawa
v.i. to wake up; ~-dân v.t. to report,
give news
khabâr ﻪ¶رL danger
khabât ـــــﻪ¶تL struggle; ~-kirdin v.t. to
struggle; ~kar ﮑﻪرŽ¶ﻪL struggler
khafa ـــــــﻪﻓـــــــﻪL undistinguished family;
195
SORANI KURDISH
weak flame; ~-kirdin v.t. to choke,
strangle; to lower (flame)
khafat ـﻪﻓـﻪتL sorrow; ~bâr ـﻪﻓـﻪ ـﺗﺒـﺎرL sorrowful; ~-khwârdin v.t. to grieve
khałat ﻪتTﻪL curse; mistake; deception
khałatân نcـﻪTـﻪL khałate- ìـﻪTـﻪL v.i. to be
deceived, tricked
khałatândin ﻧــــﺪنcــــﻪTــــﻪL v.t. to deceive,
trick
khałât تŸـﻪL reward; ~-kirdin v.t. to reward
khałef ﻒ²TﻪL beehive
khałk ﮏTﻪL people
khałq ﻖTﻪL = khałk
khałtân ﺘــﺎنTـﻪL wallowing, floundering; ~
i khwen ـــﻦ¤ـــﺘـــﺎﱏ ﺧـــﻮTـــﻪL weltering in
blood
kham ـــﻪمL worry, sorrow; ~bâr ـــﺎرmـــﻪﻣـــL
sorrow-raining; ~girtû ـﻪ ـﻣﮕـﺗﺮـﻮوL grieving, sad; ~gîn ـﻪﻣ ـﮕ ـﲔL sorrowful, sad;
~khor ـــﻪﳐـــﯚرL sympathetic, consoler;
~nâk ﺎکžﻪﻣL sad
khamłân نËـﻪﻣـL khamłe- ‰ــkـﻪﻣL v.i. to be
decorated, embellished
khamřa ﻩgﻪﻣL large vat
khamza ﻪﻣﺰﻩL wink
khana ﻪﻧﻪL henna
khandak ﻪﻧﺪﻩکL ditch
khanjar ـــﻪﳒـــﻪرL dagger; dânà bar ~ v.t.
to stab, cut with a knife
khar- ـــــﻪرL (imperative stem of khistin):
bíkhara (impt. sing) throw!
kharand ﻪرﻩﻧﺪL ditch, cesspool
kharâb ﻪرابL bad, out of order, broken
kharâmân ــــــﻪراﻣــــــﺎنL graceful, walking
stately
kharâp ﻪراپL = khirâp
kharâw ـﻪراوL = kharâb; ~akar ـﻪراوﻩﮐـﻪL
ر, ~akâr ــــﻪراوﻩﰷرL robber; ~-witin v.t.
to curse
kharbâr ـﻪر¶رL large measure of weight,
300 kilos
kharek ﮏ¤ﻪرL = kharîk
kharîb ﻪرﯾﺐL stranger
kharîk ـــﮏaـــﻪرL busy, occupied; kharîk-
bûn to be busy: ~ i dars-khwendinîn
we’re busy studying
kharîta ﻪرﯾﺘﻪL map
kharj ــــــﻪرجL outlay, expenditure; ~-kirdin v.t. to spend (money)
kharmân ــــــﻪرﻣــــــﺎنL haystack, threshing
floor; ~a ـﻪرﻣـﺎﻧـﻪL halo around the moon;
~ân ــــــــﻪرﻣــــــــﺎ‡نL the month of Virgo
(August 23–September 22)
khars ــــــــــﻪرسL estimate, guess; ~ândin
ـﻪرﺳـﺎﻧـﺪنL v.t. to estimate; ~-kirdin v.t.
to estimate
kharsak ﻪرﺳﻪکL thick woolen carpet
khartala vﻪرﺗﻪL mustard
khasândin ـﻪﺳـﺎﻧـﺪنL khasen- ــﻦŒـﻪﺳL v.t. to
emasculate; to prune
khasârat ﻪﺳﺎرﻩتL loss
Khasraw Parwez ـــــــﺰ¤ـــــــﻪﴎﻩو ﭘـــــــﻪروL
Chosroës Parvez, Sassanian shah of
Iran
khasû ــــــــﻪﺳــــــــﻮوL mother-in-law, son’s
wife’s mother
khat ﻪتL line
khatana ــــﻪﺗــــﻪﻧــــﻪL circumcision; ~sûrân
ﻪﺗﻪﻧﻪﺳﻮورانL circumcision celebration
khatar ﻪﺗﻪرL grave, serious
khaw ـــــــــﻪوL sleep, dream; ~yân le kawt
they fell asleep; pres. stem of khawtin; ~~î ــــــــــﻪویLــــــــــﻪوL sleepy-head;
~anûchka ﻪوﻩﻧﻮوﭼﮑﻪL drowsiness
khawin ــــــــــــــﻪونL dream; ~-dîtin v.t. to
dream
khawtin ـــــﻦŽـــــﻪوL khaw- ـــــﻪوL v.i. to lie
down; to sleep: khawtûa he’s asleep
khayâł ڵp ـﻪL idea, thought; imagination;
ba ~ i …dâ hâtin to occur to the
mind of
khayâr رpﻪL cucumber
khazałwar ـــﻮﻩرTـــﻪزﻩL the month of Scorpio (October 23–November 21)
khazâł ﻪزاڵL gazelle
khazâm ﻪزامL = khazân
khazân ﻪزانL autumn
khazena ﻨﻪlﻪزL treasury
khazna ـــــﻪﻧزـــــﻪL treasury; pool in public
196
SORANI–ENGLISH VOCABULARY
bath; ~dâr ﻪزﻧﻪدارL treasurer
khazr ﻪزرL anger
khazûr(a) ــــــــﻪزوورL father-in-law, son’s
wife’s father
khâch ﺎچL cross
khâk ﺎکL earth, dust; ~âwî dusty, dirty
khâkalewa ــﻮﻩ²ــ˜ﮐــﻪﻟــL Aries (March 21–
April 20)
khâł1 ــﺎڵL maternal uncle; ~o ــﯚTــﺎL uncle
(maternal)
khâł2 ـــﺎڵL spot, mole (on skin); tattoo; ~
u mîl ــــﺎڵ و ﻣــــ;ــــﻞL colors on neck and
breast of partridge, (meta.) beauty of
the beloved; ~-kutân v.t. to tattoo
khâm ﺎمL raw
khâma ﺎﻣﻪL pencil, pen
khâmosh ــﺎﻣــﯚشL quiet, peaceful; silent;
~-kirdin v.t. to extinguish; ~î quietness
khân1 ﺎنL khan, chief; ~im ﺎﱎL lady
khân2 ﺎنL inn; ~chî ﯽ#ﺎL innkeeper
khâna ـﺎﻧـﻪL house; ~khirâp ـﺎﻧـﻪﺧـﺮاپL unlucky; ~khwe ـﺎﻧـﻪﺧـﻮێL host; ~qâ ـﺎﻧـﻪﻗـﺎL
khanaqah, dervish hostel; ~wâda
ﺎﻧﻪوادﻩL family, wealthy family
khânulân ــــــﺎﻧــــــﻮﻻنL family, home; be~
ـﺎﻧ ـﻮﻻنØ ـ² ﺑ ـhomeless; be~-kirdin v.t. to
render homeless; be~î ـﺎﻧـﻮﻻﱏزﺑ
ـ ـhomelessness
khânû ﺎﻧﻮوL house
khâpûr-kirdin ـــﺮدنB ـــﺎﭘـــﻮورL v.t. to ruin,
destroy
khâs ﺎسL good
khâsatan ﺎﺳﻪﺗﻪنL especially
khâshkhâsh ﺎشØﺎﺷL poppy
khâtir ـﺮŽـﺎL mind; ~ i ـﺮیŽـﺎL for the sake
of; ~jam ـــﺮ•ـــﻪمŽـــﺎL with mind at ease,
reassured; ~khwâ ﺮﺧﻮاŽﺎL in love
khâw ـــﺎوL = khâm; = khaw; ~-bûnawa
v.i. to lose patience; ~ u khezân
ﺰانŒLﺎووL all the members of a family
khâwa ﺎوﻩL toll
khâwan ـﺎوﻩنL owner, possessor; ~shiko
ﺸﮑﯚëﺎوﻩL lord, master
khâwar ـﺎوﻩرL east, orient; ~ i dûr ـﺎوﻩرىL
دوورthe Far East
khâwen ﻦ¤ﺎوL clean, tidy
khâya ـــﺎﯾـــﻪL egg; testicle; ~ron ـــﺎﯾـــﻪرۆنL
fried egg
khe ‰ ﺧhabit, custom
kher ـــــﺮŒـــــL good; ba ~ well: ba ~ bît be
well; qsa i ~ kirdin bo to put in a
good word for: qsayèk i kherî bo
bikirdîtâya she could have put in a
good word for you
kherâ ــــﺮاŒــــL quick, soon, fast; ba ~î ﺑــــﻪ
ﺮاﱙŒL quickly, rapidly
kherâtin-kirdin ـﺮدنB ـﻦŽ ـﺮاŒ ـL v.t. to welcome
khesa-kirdin la v ـﺮدنB ـﺴ ـﻪŒ ـL v.t. to turn
away from
khew ﺧ´ﻮowner, lord
khewand = ﺧ´ﻮﻩﻧﺪkhew
khewat ﺧـــــ´ـــــﻮﻩتtent; ~ hał-dân v.t. to
pitch a tent
khezân ـــﺰانŒـــL members of a family, dependents; ~dâr ـــــﺰاﻧـــــﺪارŒـــــL man with
many mouths to feed
khida ﺪﻩL custom, manner
khil ـــﻞL rolling; ~-kirdinawa v.t. to roll
down: bardèkim khil kirdawa I rolled
a stone down; ~a~ ـــــــﻞLƒـــــــL rolling,
bouncing
khiłâfândin ﻓﺎﻧﺪنËL v.t. to trick, deceive
khilena ﻨﻪ²ﻠL molar (tooth)
khilîsk ــــﻠــــ›ــــﺴــــﮏL slippery, slimy; ~a
ﻠ›ﺴﮑـﻪL
ـــ
ـ ـ ـ ـslippery place; ~âne êﻠ›ﺴـﲀL
ice-skating; ~ân ﻠ›ﺴـﲀنL
ـــ/~în ﻠ›ﺴﮑـﲔL
ـــ ـ
v.i. to slip (on ice)
khinkân ـــﲀنž ﺧـــkhinke- ‰ـــﮑـــž ﺧـــv.i. to
choke; to drown
khiř1 g ﺧــــــــــــround: top i zawî khiřa the
earth is round; ~-bûnawa v.i. to
gather: la chî khiř bûnawa what did
they gather for?; ~ dâ-khistin v.t. to
shut tight, slam; ~ u khâłî ـــﯽTـــﺎL وgﺧـــ
empty; ~ u khoł و ﺧﯚڵg ﺧpretty
khiř2 g ﺧtoo big, too large
khirâ ﺧـــــﺮاdispleasing; ~î-kirdin ba v.t.
to be angry with, displeased by: agar
197
SORANI KURDISH
aw kârá nakan, khirâî’tân pe dakam
if you don’t do it, I’ll be angry with
you
khirân ﺧـــﺮانkhire- ﺧـــﺮێv.p. passive of
khistin; râ-~ to grow, sprout
khirâp ﺧــــــــﺮاپbad, awful, wrong: ~ tegayshtûy you’ve misunderstood; ~
geřânawa la bâra i …dâ v.i. to
speak ill of; ~a ﺧ ـﺮاﭘ ـﻪbad deed; ~akâr
ﺧـــﺮاﭘـــﻪﰷرevil-doer, maleficent; ~akârî
ﺧﺮاﭘﻪﰷریevil, maleficence
khiřka ﮐﻪg ﺧpebble; ~bard ﮐﻪﺑﻪردg ﺧditto
khiroshân ﺧـﺮۆﺷـﺎنkhiroshe- ‰ ﺧـﺮۆﺷـv.i.
to be in turmoil, commotion
khirt ﺧـﺮتcylindrical; ~ u pirt ـﺮتºﺧـﺮتو
junk, worthless things; ~ak ﺧــــــﺗﺮــــــﻪک
roller (for a chair, bed, &c.)
khish|ân ﺧــــﺸــــﺎنkhishe- ‰ ﺧــــﺸــــv.i. to
crawl; ~ândin ﺧﺸـﺎﻧـﺪن
ـkhishen- ــﻦŒـﺧﺸ
v.t. to drag on the ground; ~în ﺧـــﺸـــﲔ
v.i. to creep, crawl
khishił Ç ﺧﺸornament
khishka u pishka ﺸﮑـﻪé
ﺧﺸﮑـﻪو ـ ـ
ـ ـcreeping
and crawling
khisht ﺧـــــــﺸـــــــﺖskewer; brick, slab of
baked clay
khishta ــــﺘــﻪ8 ﺧــﺸlevel; la ~ birdin v.t. to
level, ruin, destroy, (meta.) to have
illicit relations with, to corrupt
khistin ﺧـــﺴـــﱳkha- ـــﻪL (v.t., impt. sing.
bikhara; pass. khirân) to throw, put;
~à … to throw into: pâdshâ awânî
khistà bandîkhâna the king threw
them into prison; ~awa to build,
make; ~à …awa to pour s.th. into …:
daykhamà kupałayèk i damtangawa
I’ll pour it into a jar with a narrow
neck; ~à sar to fulfill a wish, to help
someone accomplish a goal; dar-~ to
express; dâ-~ (1) to shut, close: dargây dâkhist he shut the door; dalâqaká’y la sar dâkhistinawa he shut
the trap door over them; (2) to spread:
bařakam dâkhist I spread out the rug;
(3) to pull down, lower: likadârakâ-
nim dâkhist I pulled down the tree
branches, la khajâłatî sarî dâkhist he
lowered his head in shame; (4) to
store, put up (food): âzûqam dâkhist I
put up provisions
khitûka ـــــﻮوﮐـــــﻪµ ﺧـــــtickle; ~-dân v.t. to
tickle
khizân ﺧـــــــﺰانkhize- ﺧـــــــﺰێv.i. to slip,
crawl; ~ la to draw near to; râ-~ to
sprout
khizm ﺧـﺰمfamily; ~âyatî ﺧـﺰﻣـﺎﯾـﻪﰏfamily
relationship
khizmat ﺧ ـﺰﻣ ـﻪتservice; ~kâr ـﲀرŽﺧ ـﺰﻣ ـﻪ
servant; ~-kirdin v.t. to serve;
gayshtin ba ~ i to meet, see
(honorific)
khîm ﺧﲓfoundation; race, origin
khîrat ﲑﻩتL bravery, manly honor
khîzałân نŸﲒﻩL sand, sandy patch
kho ﺧـــــﯚself (normally kho refers to the
subject of the verb of the clause in
which it occurs: kho’y kusht he killed
himself; with a pron. encl. it also
functions as a stressed pronoun: kâbrâ kuřaká’y kusht u amjâr hařasha i
awa’y le kird ka kho’ysh’î bikuzhe the
man killed her son and then he threatened to kill her too); la ~awa by oneself; la ~’râ by oneself; ~-dâ-girtin
v.t. to lurk in ambush; ~-dâ-kutân v.t.
to take root; ~-dâ-nân v.t. to sacrifice
oneself, lay down one’s life; ~-girtin
v.t. to have patience, be stable; to be
success-ful; ~-keshânawa v.t. to
withdraw, secede; ~-khurândin v.t.
to scratch oneself; to participate in
charitable affairs; ~-khwârdinawa
v.t. to suffer in silence; ~m ﺧــــــﯚمmyself; ~-pârâstin v.t. to defend oneself;
~t yourself; ~y him/herself
khobâî ﺧﯚ¶ﰃpride, self-satisfaction
khokhor ﺧـــــﯚﺧـــــﯚرxenophile, enemy to
one’s one people: kurd’îsh chi kurd
a? mîłat i khokhora pekawa / bo gyân
u mâł i yektirî simkoł dakan la khoł
198
SORANI–ENGLISH VOCABULARY
(Malâ Mârif) And what are the
Kurds? A self-destructive nation altogether stomping their hooves in the
dust to get at each other’s lives and
property
khokird ﺮدB ﺧﯚnatural, not artificial
khoł ﺧـــــــــــﯚڵdust; ~ i mirdû ba sar’dâ
kirân to be in mourning: khałkakáy
dałey khoł i mirdû’yân ba sar’dâ
kirâwa you’d think the people were in
mourning; ~akawa ashes; ~amesh
ﺶŒﻪﻣT ﺧﯚashes; ~ameshî ﺸﯽŒﻪﻣT ﺧﻮgray
khomâłî ـﯽT ﺧـﯚﻣـﺎdomestic, personal, own:
zimân i ~ mother tongue
khoparist ﺧﯚﭘﻪرﺳﺖselfish
khopasind ﻨــﺪ8 ﺧـﯚﭘـﻪﺳـself-satisfied, egotistical
khopârezî ﺰی¤ ﺧﯚﭘﺎرself-defense
khor ﺧـــﯚرsun; ~ałât تŸ ﺧـــﯚرﻩeast, sunrise; ~atâw وc ﺧــــﯚرﻩsun; ~âwâ ﺧــــﯚراوا
west, sunset; ~hałât تŸ ﺧـــــﯚرﻫـــــﻪeast;
~nishîn ـــﺸـــﲔë ﺧـــﯚرwest(ern); ~wazân
ﺧﯚروﻩزانeast
-khor ﺧـــــــﯚرsuffix meaning eating, consuming
khoř ﺧﯚڕblood; fast flowing of water
khorâî ﺧﯚراﰃfree, gratis
khořâî ﺧﯚڕاﰃdictator
khorâk ﺧﯚراکfood
khořang ﮓs ﺧﯚڕﻩnatural color, colorfast
khořâ ﺧﯚڕاstubborn, intractable
khorist ﺧﯚرﺳﺖwild, uncultivated
khort ﺧﯚرتyoung, youth
khosh ﺧــﯚش, khwash ﺧــﻮﻩشgood, well;
~ râ-bwârdin v.t. to have a good
time, enjoy: l’ awe khoshmân râbwârd we had a good time there; ~bûn ba to be happy with, pleased by:
pem khosh bû hâtî I’m glad you
came; ~-kirdin v.t. to be nice: hawâ
khoshî kird the weather turned nice;
to fan a flame; to make ready, to improve; ~-kirdinawa v.t. to make up,
make peace; ~-wîstin v.t. to love, to
like: înglîsîakân khoshyân nawîstûa
the British didn’t like him; na~ ﻧـﻪﺧـﯚش
ill, sick
khosha ﺧــﯚﺷــﻪear of grain; ~chîn ﺧــﯚﺷــﻪ
¸ﲔgleaner
khoshajân ﺧﯚﺷﻪ•ﺎنcheers, bon appetit
khoshawîst ﺧـﯚﺷـﻪو ـ§ﺴـﺖbeloved, dear; ~î
love
khoshâw ﺧـــــﯚﺷـــــﺎوdried fruit soaked in
water
khoshbîn ﺒﲔ8 ﺧﯚﺷoptimistic
khoshchezha ـﮋﻩŒÂﺷ
ﺧـﯚ ـ ـgood-tasting, delicious
khoshdamâkh ﺧــــﯚﺷــــﺪﻩﻣــــﺎخhappy, in a
good mood
khoshḥâl ﺧﯚﴮﺎلhappy, pleased
khoshî ﺧـــﯚﳽpleasure, fun; la ~ân’dâ v
ﻴﺎﻧﺪا8 ﺧﯚﺷin joy and happiness
khoshken ـﻦŒ ﺧـﯚﺷـﮑـhumble; ~î ﺧـﯚﺷـﮑـ´ـﲎ
humility
khoshkhâna ﺎﻧﻪØ ﺧﯚﺷtannery
khoshkok ﺧﯚﺷﮑﯚکpretty
khoshlîbâs ﺷﻠﻴﺒـﺎس
ﺧـﯚ ـ ـ ـwell-dressed, dandy
khoshmaza ﺧﯚﴰﻪزﻩdelicious
khoshnâw ﻨﺎو8 ﺧﯚﺷrenowned
khoshnûs ــــــﻨـــﻮوس
8 ﺧـــﯚﺷcalligrapher; ~î
ﻨﻮوﳻ8 ﺧﯚﺷcalligraphy
khoshposh ﭙﯚش8 ﺧﯚﺷwell-dressed
khotâsh شc ﺧﯚelectric razor
khoy ﺧﯚیsweat, dew
khozga ﺧـــــــﯚزﮔـــــــﻪwould that (+ irrealis
mood): khozga ahâtî would that you
had come; ~-birdin v.t. to wish; ~khwârdin v.t. to wish
khudâ ﺧﻮداGod; ~î divine, God-given
khul ﺧــــﻮلturn, revolution; ~-dân v.t. to
revolve; ~-khwardin v.t. to revolve,
spin (int.); ~ân ﺧ ـﻮﻻنkhule- ‰ ﺧ ـﻮﻟ ـv.i.
to spin, turn
khulyâ ﺧﻮﻟﻴﺎwish, desire, daydream
khuncha ﻪ# ﺧﻮbud
khuř ﺧـﻮڕsudden rush of water, in flood;
khwen u ~ ﻦوﺧﻮڕ¤ ﺧﻮhemorrhage
khurân1 ﺧــﻮرانkhure- ﺧــﻮرێv.i. to itch;
~din ﺧـــﻮراﻧـــﺪنkhuren- ـــﻦ¤ ﺧـــﻮرv.t. to
199
SORANI KURDISH
scratch
khurân2 ﺧـﯚرانkhure- ﺧـﻮرێv.p. passive
of khwârdin
khurd ﺧــــﻮردfood; small, tiny; ~a ﺧــــﻮردﻩ
small change; ~agîr ﺧـــﻮردﻩﮔـــﲑcarper,
caviler
khurî ﺧﻮریwool
khuřîn ــــﻦa ﺧــــﻮڕv.t. to yell, shout, neigh,
whinny; te-~ to yell at, shout at
khurj ﺧﻮرجsaddlebag
khurmâ ﺧﻮرﻣﺎdate
khurosh ﺧـــــــــــــــﻮرۆشscream, yell; ~ân
ﺧـــﻮرۆﺷـــﺎنkhuroshe- ‰ ﺧـــﻮرۆﺷـــv.i. to
scream, to yell
khurt ﺧﻮرتpowerful, strong
khurûka ﺧﻮرووﮐﻪpox, pockmark
khusa ﺧﻮﺳﻪsorrow
khut-u-khořâî ﺧـــﻮﺗـــﻮﺧـــﯚڕاﰃfor no good
reason, for no reason at all
khuyâ-kirdin ــــــﺮدنB p ﺧــــــﻮv.t. to show,
make obvious
khû ﺧ ـﻮوcustom; ~-girtin v.t. to become
accustomed
khûg ﺧﻮوگpig
khûsân ﺧـــﻮوﺳـــﺎنv.i. to get soft in water;
~din ﺧـﻮوﺳـﺎﻧـﺪنkhûsen- ـﻦŒﺳ
ﺧـﻮو ـv.t. to
soften in water
khûzh ﺧﻮوژhunchbacked
khwar ﺧﻮﻩرsun
khwash = ﺧﻮﻩشkhosh
khwayshk ﺧﻮﻩ§ﺸﮏsister
khwâ1 ﺧـــــــﻮاGod: khwâ yek a u nâbe ba
dû God is one and is not two (an oath,
“by God almighty”); ~bakhshîw the
late (for a deceased person); ~ḥâfîz
ﺧــﻮا„ــﺎﻓــﲒgood-bye; ~ḥâfîzî kirdin la
v.t. to say good-bye to; ~leykhoshbû
ﺒـﻮو8ﺷ
ﯽ ﺧـﯚ ــŠـ² ﺧـﻮا ـﻟthe late; ~parist ﺧـﻮاﭘـﻪ
رﺳﺖGod-fearing
khwâ2 ﺧـﻮاwhether: ~ bitawe yân natawe
whether you want to or not
khwâkhwâ ﺧـــﻮاﺧـــﻮاeager, impatient; ~ i
impatient for
khwân ﺧﻮانdining table
khwâr ﺧــــﻮارdown; ~è ﺧــــﻮارێdown; ~û
ﺧـــــــــــــــﻮارووsouth; hâtinà ~e to come
down, get down; khistinà ~awa v.t.
to throw down
khwârdin ﺧـــــﻮاردنkho- ( ﺧـــــﯚv.t., pass.
khurân) to eat; ~awa to drink
khwâs ﺧﻮاسbare (foot, head)
khwâst ﺧــﻮاﺳــﺖrequest; ~-kirdin v.t. to
request
khwâstin ﺧــــﻮاﺳــــﱳkhwâz- ﺧــــﻮازv.t. to
want, desire
khwâzbenî ــﲎŒ ﺧـﻮازﺑproposal of marriage,
engagement ceremony; ~ i X kirdin
la Y v.t. to ask Y for X’s hand in marriage: khwâzbenî i kichá la âshawân
dakâ he asks the miller for the girl’s
hand in marriage; ~kar ;ﮑـﻪرÀ²ﺑ
ﺧـﻮازــــsuitor
khwâztin ﻦŽ = ﺧﻮازkhwâstin
khwe1 ﺧـــﻮێowner: khâna~ ـــﺎﻧـــﻪﺧـــﻮێL
householder, home-owner, host;
khwena~ ﻨـﻪﺧـﻮێl ﺧـﻮا ـavenger, seeking
retaliation
khwe2 ﺧﻮێsalt
khwen ـﻦ¤ ﺧ ـﻮblood; ~akhwe ـﻨ ـﻪﺧ ـﻮێlﺧ ـﻮ
avenger; ~bast ـــﻪﺳـــﺖmـــÀـــlﺧـــﻮ, ~dâkuzhândin ــــﻮژاﻧــــﺪنBäــــﻨــــﺪl ﺧــــﻮcease-fire;
~garm ـــﻨـــﮕـــﻪرمl ﺧـــﻮhot-blooded; ~gir
ـﻨـﮕـﺮl ﺧـﻮimmediate member of a murdered man’s family; ~jimmân
ﻨﺠﻤـﲈنl
ﺧـﻮ ــ ـblood pressure; ~kar ﻨﮑـﻪرlﺧـﻮ ــ
murderer; ~khwâ ﻨﺨـﻮاl
ﺧـﻮ ــbloodthirsty;
~khwâr ﻨﺨـﻮارl
ﺧـﻮ ــmortal enemy; ~rizh
ــــﲊژl ﺧــــﻮbloodshedder, murderer; ~tâł
ﺎڵµÀl ﺧﻮdull, sluggish
khwen|din ـﻨ ـﺪنl ﺧ ـﻮkhwen- ـﻦ¤ ﺧ ـﻮv.t. to
call; to read; ~dawâr ﻨــﺪﻩوارl ﺧـﻮliterate;
na~dawâr ــﻨــﺪﻩوارl ﻧــﻪﺧــﻮilliterate; ~ar
ﻨﻪرl ﺧﻮreader
khweřâî اﰃg¤ ﺧﻮfree, at no cost
khwishk ﺧـــﻮﺷـــﮏsister; ~azâ ﺧـــﻮﺷـــﮑـــﻪزا
nephew, niece; ~âyatî ﺧــﻮﺷــﲀﯾــﻪﰏsisterhood
kich ﮐﭻgirl, daughter
kifn ﮐﻔـﻦ
ـwinding sheet, shroud; ~ u difn
kirdin ـﺮدنB ﮐـﻔـﻦودﻓـﻦv.t. to shroud and
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SORANI–ENGLISH VOCABULARY
bury
kiłâw وË ﮐـhat: ~yân chû sare “they were
fooled”; ~řozhina وڕۆژـــﻪË
ﻧ
ﮐـــwindow,
skylight
kiłesha ــﺸــ ﻪŒــk ﮐــcorpse; bin ~ i … chûn
v.i. to deceive, dupe
kilîl ﳇﻴﻞ, kiłeł Dzk ﮐkey
kilk ﳇﮏfinger; tail; pen
kiło ـ ﯚk ﮐ ـlump, clod, clump; ~ qand ـ ﯚkﮐ ـ
ﻗ ـﻪﻧ ـﺪlump of sugar, ~ gił Ç ـﯚ ﮔ ـk ﮐ ـmud
clod
kiloj ﳇــــــﯚجmanner, way: ba hîch ~èk in
no way whatsoever
kiłoł ﯚڵk ﮐwretched
kilor ﳇﯚرhollow
kimîsar ﳈ›ﺴﻪرcommissioner
kin ﻦB side, by the side of
kip ﮐــــﭗdeaf; silent; ~ u kař ﮐــــﭗوﮐــــﻪڕ
deaf: gwem kip u kara my ear’s deaf;
~-kirdin v.t. to silence, shut up: kipmân kirdin we shut them up
kirân ـــﺮانB kire- ـــﺮێB v.p. passive of kirdin; ~awa to be opened: bakhtî kirâwatawa he has had a stroke of luck
kirâs ﺮاسB shirt
kirch ﺮچB upripe, immature
kirda ﺮدﻩB act
kirdawa ﺮدﻩوﻩB behavior, act, deed
kirdin ـﺮدنB ka- ( ﮐـﻪv.t., passive kirân) to
do (for -kirdin compounds, see first
element); ~à …awa to put s.th. in/on:
daykamà dawrîyèk i pânawa I’ll put it
on a flat plate; ~awa to open; ~ ba
…dâ to pick up, take away; ~ da to
set on, put to: râwchî tânjî’yân te kird
u kushtyân the hunters set their dogs
on it, and they killed it; hał-~ to pass
one’s life; to roll up (sleeves, pant
legs); to light (fire); hał-~awa to attack
kire ﺮێB wage
kiřewa ﻮﻩlg ﮐblizzard
kirekâr ﲀر¤ﺮB laborer, worker
kiřîn ﻦag = ﮐkřîn
kirm ـﺮمB worm; ~oł ـﺮﻣـﯚڵB wormy, worm-
ridden
kish|ân ـ'ﺸـﺎنkishe- ‰ ـ'ﺸـv.i. to crawl up;
to pass quickly; ~ân-awa 'ـــﺸـــﺎﻧـــﻪوﻩto
draw back, go backwards, stretch:
wak lâstîk la bar yek dakishetawa it
stretches like rubber; râ-~ân to
stretch out, crawl; ~ândin 'ــــﺸــــﺎﻧــــﺪن
kishen- ــــــﻦŒ 'ــــــﺸــــــv.t. to drag on the
ground; to stretch; to weigh; ~ândinawa 'ﺸﺎﻧﺪﻧﻪوﻩto pull back; to reweigh
kishtukâł ﺘﻮﰷڵ8 'ﺸagriculture
kiz ﮐــــــﺰlimp, thin, light; despondent; ~î
despondency
kizabâ ¶ ﮐﺰﻩcold dry wind
kizoła-kirdin ﺮدنB ﻪT ﮐﺰۆv.t. to cringe
kîlo ﻴﻠﯚB kilogram
kîzhoła ﻪTۆÃ ﮐyoung girl
ko ﮐـﯚcollection, assembly; ~-bûnawa la
v.i. to assemble, gather around s.o.;
~(wa)-kirdin v.t. to gather, collect;
~bûnawa (n.) meeting, assembly
koch ﮐـــــــــﯚچdecampment, migration; ~kirdin v.t. to leave, depart, decamp; ~
i dwâî kirdin v.t. to pass away, die;
~ar ﮐـﯚ¸ـﻪرmigrant, migratory; ~î ﮐـﯚﭼـﻰ
(year) of the Hegira
kod ﮐﯚدwooden milk bowl; concave
koł ﮐـــــﯚڵback of the neck, middle of the
shoulders; burden, load; ~-dânawa
v.t. to lay down a burden, to give up;
ba ~’dâ dân v.t. to sling something
over one’s shoulder: kalupalakáy ko
kirdawa u ba kolî’dâ dâ u wa re kawt
he gathered his things, slung them
over his shoulder, and went on his
way; la ~ kawtin v.i. to disappear; la
~ kirdin v.t. to throw over the shoulder; ~kesh ـــﺶŒـــﮑـــT ﮐـــﯚporter; ~wâna
ﻮاﻧﻪT ﮐﯚsack, back-pack
kołaka ﻪﮐﻪT ﮐﯚcolumn
kołân نŸ ﮐﯚlane
kołîn ــــﲔT ﮐــــﯚkoł- ﮐــــﯚڵv.i. to boil; ~awa
ﻴﻨـــﻪوﻩT ﮐـﯚv.t. to investigate, research; le~awa ـﮑـﯚﻟـﻴـﻨـﻪوﻩ² ﻟـto assemble; le~awa
ﻴﻨﻪوﻩTﮑﯚ² ﻟassembly, council
201
SORANI KURDISH
kołka ﮑـﻪT ﮐـﯚـimperfect, pseudo- (precedes
word it modifies): ~malâ pseudomulla, ~shekh pseudo-sheykh, ~pyâw
half-baked guy
komał ﮐـــــــﯚﻣـــــــﻪڵsociety, organization;
~âyatî ﯾــﻪﰏŸ ﮐــﯚﻣــﻪsocietal, social; ~ga
ﮕﻪTﮐﯚﻣﻪ, ~gâ ﮕﺎT ﮐﯚﻣﻪsociety
komâr ﮐﯚﻣﺎرtribe, nation, republic
kon1 ﮐـﯚنold; ~asâł ﮐـﯚﻧـﻪﺳـﺎڵaged, old in
years
kon2 ﮐﯚنtent
kor ﮐ ـﯚرblind; ~awar ﮐ ـﯚرﻩوﻩرmiserable;
~î ﮐﯚریmisery
koř ﮐــــﯚڕgathering place, meeting place;
society; group, delegation: ~èk i amrîkâî châwpekawtinèkyân lagał aw
ḥâkimá bûwa an American delegation
has had an interview with that ruler;
~-bastin v.t. to meet, hold a meeting
korpa ﮐﯚرﭘﻪnewborn
kosh ﮐﯚشlap; bar~ ﺑﻪرﮐﯚشapron
koshish ﮐﯚﺷﺶattempt, endeavor
koshîn ﮐـﯚﺷـﲔkosh- ﮐـﯚشv.i. to strive; te~ to attempt, strive
koshk ﮐﯚﺷﮏkiosk, pavilion; palace
kosp ﮐـــــﯚﺳـــــﭗhill, difficulty: ba be ~ u
kand leaving no stone unturned
kot u zinjîr ﮐــــــﯚت و زﳒــــــﲑshackles and
fetters
kotara ﮐــﯚﺗــﻪرﻩtree trunk; ~dâr ﮐــﯚﺗــﻪرﻩدار
tree trunk
kotâî ﰃc ﮐـــﯚend; ~-henân ba v.t. to conclude, put an end to
kotik ﮏŽ ﮐﯚa wooden bowl
kotir ﺮŽ ﮐﯚdove
kowa-kirdin ﺮدنB = ﮐﯚوﻩko-kirdin
krân ﺮانB kre- ﺮێB = kirân
krândin ـﺮاﻧـﺪنB kren- ـﻦ¤ـﺮB v.t. to scratch;
hał-~ to scratch
křîn ﻦag ﮐkř- g ﮐv.t. to buy
kroshtin ـﺮۆﺷـﱳB krozh- ـﺮۆژB v.t.; dâ-~ to
crunch with the teeth
ktâw ﮐﺘــﺎوbook; ~î ﮐﺘــﺎویstudent; ~khâna
ﺎﻧﻪL ﮐﺘﺎوlibrary
ktew ﻮ² = ﮐﺘktâw
kufr ﻮﻓﺮB ingratitude; curse
kul ﻮلB eye, sight
kuł1 ـــــــــــــﻮڵB boiling, raging grief, overwhelming sorrow; hâtinà ~ to come
to a boil; ~ u ko raging, boiling:
kułuko dâmird it went up in flames;
~ân نŸـﻮB kułe- ‰ـTـﻮB v.i. to boil; ~ândin
ﻧﺪنŸﻮB kułen- ﻦŒTﻮB v.t. to boil
kuł2 ﮐﯚڵshort
kun ـــــــــــــﻮنB hole, lair, nest; ~-kirdin to
make a hole, to pierce; ~â ‡ــــــــﻮB hole;
~âmurî ﻮ‡ﻣﻮریB anthill
kundabu ﻮﻧﺪﻩﺑﻮB owl
kunna ﻮﻧﻨﻪB water sack
kupała ﻪTﻮﭘﻪB jar, jug
kuř ﻮڕB boy, son
kurd ــــــﻮردB Kurd; ~awârî ــــــﻮردﻩواریB the
Kurds; ~âyatî ــــﻮرداﯾــــﻪﰏB Kurdishness;
~istân ــــﺘــﺎن8 ــﻮردﺳB Kurdistan; ~î ــﻮردیB
Kurdish; ~sât ـــــﻮردﺳـــــﺎتB Kurdsat, the
Kurdish satellite broadcast network
kurkakurke ‰ﻮرﮐBﻮرﮐﻪB palpitating
kurt ـــﻮرتB short; ba ~î ـــﻮرﰏB ﺑـــﻪin short;
pâsh ~a wichânèk ــﻚ²ﻮرــﻪ و¸ــﺎﻧــ
ــ ﺗB ﭘــﺎش
after a short pause
kurûshka-kirdin ـــﺮدنB ـــﻮرووﺷـــﮑـــﻪB v.t. to
curl up
kushtin ﻮﺷﱳB kuzh- ﻮژB v.t. to kill
kut ـــﻮتB piece; ~-kirdin v.t. to chop into
pieces; ~ u mit chûn la ـﻮتوﻣـﺖ ﭼـﻮونB
v v.i. to look exactly like; ~ u piř ـــﻮتB
gº وsudden(ly)
kutak ــــﻮﺗــــﻪکB strike, blow; ~ pyâ mâłîn
v.t. to strike: kutakèk’î pyâ mâłî he
struck him
kutân نc ـﻮB kute- ì ـﻮB v.t. to beat, strike;
dâ-~ to drive into the ground: aw
singá’m dâkutâ I drove that stake into
the ground; hał-~à sar to attack; te-~
to hit, strike, poke
kutik ﮏŽﻮB = kutak
kuzh- ﻮژB see kishtin, kuzhân
kuzhân ــﻮژانB kuzhe- ــﻮژێB v.i. to go out,
be extinguished; ~awa ــــﻮژاﻧــــﻪوﻩB to be
extinguished, be silenced
202
SORANI–ENGLISH VOCABULARY
kuzhândin ـﻮژاﻧ ـﺪنB kuzhen- ـﻦ¤ ـﻮژB v.t. to
extinguish; dâ-~ to extinguish, put
out
kûcha ﻮو¸ﻪB lane
kûp ﻮوپB vat; ~ala vﻮوﭘﻪB jar
kûř ﻮوڕB deep, steep
kûtâł ڵcﻮوB goods, wares
kûzh- ﻮوژB = kuzhkwâ ﻮاB where is…?
kwe ﻮێB where?: la ~ya? where is it?
kwen (1) ﻦ¤ﻮB = ken, (2) = kwe
kwer ـــﺮ¤ـــﻮB blind; ~awar ـــﺮﻩوﻩر¤ـــﻮB miserable; ~awarî ـــــــﺮﻩوﻩری¤ـــــــﻮB misery;
~asawâd ـﺮﻩﺳـﻪواد¤ـﻮB semi-literacy; ~âî
ﺮاﰃ¤ﻮB blindness
kwestân ﺘﺎن8ﺴâﻮB mountainous region
v (with encl. pronouns, le) in, at,
from; la …-awa from; la …-dâ in, at
labar ﺑـــﻪرv for the sake of, because of; ~
awaî because, since, inasmuch as; ~
dast i …dâ in front of, in the presence of, with
labât i ¶ﰏv instead of
lagał ﮔـــــــﻪڵv with; ~ awaî ka (conj.) despite the fact that, in addition to the
fact that
lagham ™ﻪمv tunnel
laḥîmkrâw ﺣ;ـﻤﮑﺮاوv soldered
laka ﮐـــﻪv spot, stain, blemish; ~dâr ﮐـــﻪv
دارstained, spotted; ~-kirdin v.t. to
stain
lakhorâzî ﺧﯚرازێv self-satisfied
lamař ﻣﻪڕv = labar
lamaw ﻣـــﻪوv: ~bar ﻣـــﻪوﺑـــﻪرv previously;
~pâsh ﻣﻪوﭘﺎشv henceforth, hereafter
lamezhîna ﮋﯾﻨﻪŒﻣv see mezh
lampar ﻪرÜﻣv obstacle
Landan ﻧﺪﻩنv London
langar ـــﮕـــﻪرsv anchor; balance; ~-girtin
v.t. to balance oneself: chona l’ am
sar dîwâr a bârîká langarî girtûa?
how has he kept his balance atop this
narrow wall?
lanj ﱋv viciousness, spite; ~bâz ﺑـــﻪﳒـــﺒـــﺎز
la
vicious, spiteful
lanja ﳒـــــــﻪv stately walk, grace; ~-u-lâr
stately, graceful walk
laq قv loose; ~-kirdin v.t. to loosen,
shake loose; shwen ~-kirdin ba to
dislodge, displace: b’ aw hîwâyáî
shwen’yân pe laq nakâ in hopes that
he wouldn’t displace them
laqab ﻗﻪبv title, nickname
laqam ﻗﻪمv = laqab
laqândin ﻗـﺎﻧـﺪنv laqen- ــﻦŒﻗv v.t. to shake;
sar-~ to shake the head
laqlaq قƒﻗv stork
lař ڕv puny
larîn ــﻦaرv lar- رv v.i. to shake; ~-awa to
tremble, quiver
larz|în v.i. ـــــﻦaرزv to shake, tremble; ~ok
رزۆکv trembling: ba dangèk i ~ pey
wit he said to him in a trembling
voice; zawî la zher pey’dâ dalarzî the
ground shook under his foot
lash شv body
lashkir ﺷـــــﮑـــــﺮv army; ~-keshân v.t. to
mobilize an army
lat تv piece, bit; ~-kirdin v.t. to cut
into pieces; ~-u-pat bûn to be
shattered into bits; ~-u-pat kirdin to
tear to pieces
lawařgâ وﻩڕﮔﺎv pasture
lawař|ândin وﻩڕاﻧــــــــــــﺪنv v.t. to pasture,
graze; ~în ﻦaوﻩڕv to pasture
lâ ﻻside; ~ i ﻻیfor, in the opinion of,
next to, near: lâ i ewâra bû it was
near evening; to: am râzá’y lâ dirkând he disclosed this secret to him; ~
i kam ﻻی ﮐــــــﻪمat least; ~-chûn v.i. to
get away, go aside: lâ cho! get out of
here!; ~-dân v.t. to shove, push aside;
to remove; to take up residence: la
pař i shârawa lâ’yân dâ khânèk they
took up residence in a house on the
edge of the city; to be a guest; to deviate; ~-dirân v.p. to be removed; ba
~ i …awa هوﻩ... ﺑــﻪ ﻻیbetween; ~t wâ
nabe / ﻻت وا ﻧﻪdon’t think that…
203
SORANI KURDISH
lâf ﻻفboast; ~-dân v.t. to boast
lâfâw ﻻﻓﺎوflood
lâga ﻻﮔﻪvillage; ~î villager
lâłân-awa ﻧـــــﻪوﻩŸ ﻻlâłe- ‰ ﻻﻟـــــv.i. to beg,
beseech
lâmarkazî ﻻﻣﻪرﮐﻪزیdecentralization
lân ﻻنextent; ~ i kam ﻻﱏ ﮐﻪمat least
lânawâz ﻻﻧﻪوازpoor, helpless, lost
lânik ﮏs ﻻcradle
lâpařa ﻻﭘﻪڕﻩpage
lâq ﻻقleg
lâr ﻻرcrooked; ~ u pâl kawtin ﻻر و ﭘـــــﺎل
ﻦŽ ﻛﻪوto fall in a heap
lâsâr ﻻﺳـﺎرdisobedient; ~î ﻻﺳـﺎرىdisobedience
lâsha ﻻﺷﻪcorpse
lât ﻻتpoor, wretched; punk; ~-u-lût
ﻻتوﻟﻮوتruffian, hooligan
lâtîr ﻻﺗ ـﲑout of the corner of one’s eyes:
~ twâshây kirdim he looked at me out
of the corner of his eyes
lâw ﻻوyouth, young man
lâwakî ﻻوﻩﰽforeign
lâwâz ﻻوازskinny
lâwech ﭻl ﻻوhandful
lâyangir ﮕﺮs ﻻﯾﻪpartisan
lâyaq ﻻﯾﻪقappropriate
lâzim ﻻزمnecessary
le ‰ ﻟsee la
le: ~-dân ــــــﺪان² ﻟــــــv.t. to hit, strike, play
(musical instrument); to up and…:
mâlâwâîy kird u leydâ u roysht he
said goodbye and upped and left; ~kirdin to separate, take away; ~kirdinawa to separate; pick (fruit); ~nân bo v.t. to fix (food) for: shorbâm
bo le-nâwa I’ve fixed soup for him
łe- ‰T pres. stem of witin
lefa ﻔﻪ² ﻟquilt
lehâtû ﻬﺎﺗﻮو² ﻟworthy, considerable
lek ــﮏ² ﻟــapart, from one another; ~-birrân v.p. to be separated; ~-bûn v.i. to
resemble each other; to be separated;
~-bûn-awa v.i. to break into pieces;
to end (hostilities); ~-dân v.t. to mix
together; ~-dânawa v.t. to interpret:
ba shûm bo khoyân lek dâyawa they
interpreted it as an ill omen; ~-hâtin
v.i. to go well together: makhmar u
konadawâr lek nadahât velvet and
old tent material would not go well
together; ~-nân to close, put together
the two parts of something: châwakânim lek-nâ I closed my eyes, ktebaká’m lek nâ I shut the book; ~birrâw
اوÉﮑ² ﻟseparated
lekolar رvﮑﯚ² ﻟassembler, collector
lekolînawa ـﮑـﯚﻟـﻴـﻨـﻪوﻩ² ﻟـassembly, collection; investigation
leł-kirdin ﺮدنB Dz ﻟv.t. to sully, muddy
lepirsînawa ـﻪوﻩžـﺮﺳـ›ـÎـ² ﻟـinterrogation, investigation; khistinà bar ~ v.t. to
interrogate
leqawmâw ـــﻘـــﻪوﻣـــﺎو² ﻟـــgrief-stricken (see
qawmân)
leř gŒ ﻟforest
leshâw ﺸﺎوŒ ﻟdownpour
lew ﻮ² ﻟlip
lik ـــﮏ¢ branch, limb; ~adâr ـــﮑـــﻪدار¢ tree
branch
liq = ﻟﻖlik
lirf(a) ﻟﺮف، ﻟﺮﻓﻪroar (of a flood, oven)
lînj ﻟﻴﻨﺞcloying
lîra ﻟﲑﻩlira, pound
lîta ﻟﻴﺘﻪmud, mire
lîwân ﻟﻴﻮانdrinking glass
lîzga ﻟﲒﮔﻪbeads strung on a string
lîzhna ﻧﻪÃ ﻟcommittee
loghat ﻟﯚ™ﻪتrumor
loghân ﻟﯚ™ﺎنcelebration, rejoicing
loka ﻟﯚﮐﻪcotton
lolo ﻟـــــﯚﻟـــــﯚbeginning of certain Kurdish
songs
lotî ﻟــــﯚﰏa professional singer and entertainer
lulu ﻟﻮﻟﻮpearl
lûra ﻟـﻮورﻩgrowl; ~lûr ﻟـﻮورﻩﻟـﻮورcontinual
growling
lûsh-kirdin ــــﺮدنB ﻟــــﻮوشv.t. to swallow,
gulp down
204
SORANI–ENGLISH VOCABULARY
lût ﻟـــــﻮوتnose; ~ ba bar kho hâtinawa
to regret; ~ ba kho dâ hâtinawa to
be humiliated; ~-chûzânawa v.i. to
be disappointed; ~-girtin v.t. to hold
the nose; ~-hał-kirdin v.t. to get
angry; ~-shikân v.i. to be disappointed, ashamed; ~-shikândin v.t. to
disappoint, to chastize; ~barz haughty, nose in the air; dast ba ~awa
girtin to hold one’s nose
má- ﻣـــــــــــﻪneg. imperative prefix: máro
don’t go
mába ( ﻣـﻪﺑـﻪneg. impt. sing. of bûn) don’t
be
mabas ﻣﻪﺑﻪسaim, goal
mabast = ﻣﻪﺑﻪﺳﺖmabas
mabda’ ﻣﻪﺑﺪﻩءprinciple
machak ﻣﻪ¸ﻪکarm
magar (1) ﻣـــﻪﮔـــﻪرintroduces an affirmative question to which a negative answer is expected: magar dazânî? you
don’t know, do you?; (2) introduces a
negative question to which an affirmative answer is expected: magar
namgut? didn’t I say so?, (3) unless:
magar bimirim, danâ daykam unless I
die—otherwise I’ll do it
magaz ﻣﻪﮔﻪزfly
magîn = ﻣﻪﮔﲔmagar
Maḥmûd ﻣـﻪﲪـﻮودMahmud, masc. proper
name
mak ﻣـﻪک: shit-u-~ ﺷـﺖوﻣـﻪکtools, stuff,
paraphernalia
makân ﻣﻪﰷنplace
makhmar ﻣﻪﲬﻪرvelvet
mako ﻣـــﻪﮐـــﯚa crowded place, gathering,
cluster
mal ﻣﻪلbird
mala v ﻣــــــــــﻪswimming; ~-kirdin v.t. to
swim; ~wân وانv ﻣﻪswimmer
malâ ﻣــــــﻪﻻ, małâ Ÿ ﻣــــــﻪmulla, religious
authority
malâbângdân ﮕﺪانs¶ ﻣﻪﻻdawn
małâmat ﻣــــــﻪتŸ ﻣــــــﻪreason, cause; be~
without cause
małâs سŸ = ﻣﻪmiłâz
małband ﺒﻪدT ﻣﻪarea, region
malotik ـﮏŽ ﻣـﻪﻟـﯚ, malotka ﮑـﻪŽ ﻣـﻪﻟـﯚ ـbabe in
swaddling clothes
mamik ﻣﻪﻣﮏbreast
mamlakat ﮐﻪتƒ ﻣﻪﻣcountry, realm
manjał ﻣﻪﳒﻪڵpot
manzil ﺰلs ﻣﻪstopping place, destination
maqâm ﻣﻪﻗﺎمstation
mař ﻣﻪڕsheep
marad ﻣﻪرﻩدstate, condition
marâq ﻣــــﻪراقwishing, wondering; la ~ i
…dâ bûn v.i. to wonder about
march ﻣــــﻪرچmashed, squashed; ~în ﻣــــﻪ
ر¸ـــــــــــــﲔv.i. to be mashed, squashed;
~ândin ﻣﻪر¸ﺎﻧﺪنv.t. to mash, squash
marez ـﺰ¤ ﻣ ـﻪرsick, ill; ~khâna ـﺎﻧ ـﻪL ـﺰ¤ﻣ ـﻪر
infirmary
marg ﻣﻪرگdeath
marḥûm ﻣﻪرﺣﻮومthe late
marj ﻣـﻪرجpromise, condition; b’ aw ~áî
( ﺑـﻪو ﻣـﻪر•ـﻪی+ subj.) on condition that,
provided that
markaz ﻣﻪرﮐﻪزcenter
mařtaba ﻣﻪڕﺗﻪﺑﻪtime, instance; degree
masala v ﻣﻪﺳﻪaffair, question, object
masâf ﻣﻪﺳﺎفbattle
mashq ﻣ ـﻪﺷ ـﻖexercise, drill; sar~ ﺳ ـﻪرﻣ ـﻪ
ﺷﻖlesson
mashrût|a ﻣــــــﻪﴍووﺗــــــﻪconstitution; ~akhwâz ﻣـــﴩووﺗـــﻪﺧـــﻮازconstitutionalist;
~iyat ﻣـــﻪﴍووﺗـــﻴـــﻪتthe Constitutional
Movement in Iran
mast ﻣــﻪﺳــﺖdrunk; ~î drunkenness, inebriation
matał ﻣ ـﻪﺗ ـﻪڵriddle; ~-zândrân v.p. for a
riddle to be figured out
matâ-dân دانc ﻣـــــــــــــــﻪto crouch on the
ground in expectation, ambush
mawdâ (1) ﻣـﻪوداedge, tip (of sword); (2)
period (of time); (3) distance: gundèk
i dîka habû ka mawdây la mâl i najâr
zor bû there was another village, the
distance of which from the carpen-
205
SORANI KURDISH
ter’s house was great; (4) opportunity,
chance: mawdâm niya biyânbînim I
won’t have a chance to see them; la ~
i through, by means of
mawzûn ﻣ ـﻪوزوونmetrical, having poetic
meter
maydân ﻣﻪﯾﺪانfield, arena
maynatî ﻣﻪﯾﻨﻪﰏgrief
maysar ﻣـﻪ ـ§ﺴـﻪرpossible; ~-kirdin v.t. to
make possible, carry out
maytar ﻣﻪﯾﺘﻪرgroom
mazât ﻣﻪزاتauction, sale
mazin ﻣﻪزنgreat, huge
mazina = ﻣﻪزﻧﻪmazinda
mazinda ﻣـﻪﻧزـﺪﻩguess, estimate; ~-kirdin
ba v.t. to estimate at
mazrâ ﻣﻪزراfarm
mazrân ﻣـﻪزرانmazre- ﻣـﻪزرێv.i. to stay,
dwell, be established; dâ-~ to be set
up (tent), be established, be appointed
mazrândin ﻣـﻪزراﻧـﺪنmazren- ـﻦ¤ ﻣـﻪزرv.t.:
dâ-~ ba to set up (tent), appoint as,
establish
mâch ﻣﺎچkiss; ~-kirdin v.t. to kiss
mâdâm ﻣﺎدامas long as
mâfûr ﻣﺎﻓﻮورcarpet
mâł ﻣــــﺎڵhouse, home; ~akî ــــﻪﰽT ﻣــــﺎlike
family, a member of the household;
~ât تŸ ﻣ ـﺎpossessions; ~lakoł ـﻪﮐ ـﯚڵTﻣ ـﺎ
nomadic, vagrant, wanderer; ~werânî
ـــــﺮاﱏ¤ـــــﻮT ﻣـــــﺎdestruction, devastation;
chûnà ~è v.i. to go home
mâłâwâ واŸ ﻣــــﺎgoodbye; ~î-kirdin la v.t.
to say goodbye to
mâłîn ـﲔT ﻣ ـﺎv.t. to strike, hit; to rub: ronî
pyâ bimâla rub some oil on it; to
sweep; dâ-~ to take off, throw off: jil
i pâshâî’y la bar khoy dâmâlî she
threw off her regal garb; râ-~ to
sweep away, drive off, repel; ~awa to
take everything away, to clear; to polish
mâm ﻣﺎمpaternal uncle
mâmała ــﻪT ﻣــﺎﻣــﻪtransaction, interaction;
~-kirdin lagał v.t. to interact with; to
negotiate with, bargain with
mâmir ﻣﺎﻣﺮchicken
mâmo ﻣﺎﻣﯚuncle (paternal)
mâmostâ ﺘﺎ8 ﻣﺎﻣﯚﺳteacher
mân ﻣــﺎنmen- ــﻦŒ ﻣــv.i. to remain; (neg.,
namân) to cease to exist, to be no
more; ~-awa v.i. to stay behind, be
left behind; dâ-~ to be flabbergasted,
perplexed; râ-~ to pause, to stop and
think
mânâ ‡ ﻣـــــــﺎmeaning, significance; ~dâr
ﻣﺎ‡دارsignificant
mândû ﻣـــــــﺎﻧـــــــﺪووtired; ~-bûn v.i. to be
tired; ~-kirdin v.t. to tire out: zorî
mândû kirdim it made me very tired;
~î ﻣــــــــﺎﻧــــــــﺪووﱙtiredness, exhaustion;
~nabûn kirdin la v.t. to greet
someone who is working
mândwetî ﱴl ﻣﺎﻧﺪوtiredness, exhaustion
mâng ـﮓs ﻣ ـﺎmoon, month; ~âna ـﮕ ـﺎﻧ ـﻪsﻣ ـﺎ
monthly salary; ~î ــــﮕــــﯽs ﻣــــﺎmonthly,
lunar
mângâ ﮕﺎs ﻣﺎcow
mângir ﮕﺮs ﻣﺎobstinate
mâr ﻣﺎرsnake
mâra ﻣـــــــﺎرﻩmarriage; ~-kirdin la v.t. to
give in marriage to: kichaká i khoy le
mâra kird he gave him his daughter in
marriage; ~î ﻣﺎرﻩﰃwedding gift
mârakuł ﻮڵB ﻣﺎرﻩscorpion
mâshen ﻦŒ ﻣﺎﺷautombile, car
mâsî ﻣـــﺎﳻfish; ~-girtin v.t. to fish; ~gir
ﻴﮕﺮ8 ﻣﺎﺳfisherman
mâst ﻣﺎﺳﺖyoghurt
mâsûlka ﮑﻪ¢ ﻣﺎﺳﻮوsinew
mât ﻣـــــــــــﺎتsilent; stunned into silence;
grief-stricken; shorter than others: aw
bardânaî da regat girtûa yekyân ~a
one of those stones you have lined up
is shorter than the others; ~î stunned
silence; perplexity; sorrow; ~-kirdin
to checkmate; to stun into silence
mâtam ﻣـﺎﺗـﻪمbereavement; ~zada ﻣـﺎﺗـﻪﻣـﺰﻩدﻩ
bereaved, grieving, mourning
mâwa ﻣــــﺎوﻩperiod (of time): dwâ i ~yek,
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SORANI–ENGLISH VOCABULARY
pâsh ~yèk after a while; mâwayèk râbwârd a period of time passed
mâyin ﻦa ﻣﺎmare
me ‰ ﻣfemale
megal ﻣـ´ـﮕـﻪلflock, herd; ~ a mař vﻣـ´ـﮕـﻪ
ﻣﻪڕflock of sheep
memil ﻣ´ﻤﻞcalamity, catastrophe
merd ﺮدŒ ﻣman, husband
merg ﺮگŒ ﻣmeadow
mesh ـﺶŒ ﻣ ـfly, honeybee; ~ûla v ـﺸ ـﻮوŒﻣ ـ
mosquito
meshik ﺸﮏŒ ﻣbrain, mind; skull
meshûla vﺸﻮوŒ ﻣmosquito
mewa ﻣــ´ــﻮﻩfruit; ~ron ﻣــ´ــﻮﻩرۆنmarmalade: wak mewaron labar dast i
dawlata khâwan zordârân-dâ bûn
they were like putty in the hands of
powerful nations
mewân ﻣــ´ــﻮانguest; ~dâr ﻣــ´ــﻮاﻧــﺪارhost;
~dârî-kirdin ﺮدنB ﻣ´ﻮاﻧﺪاریv.t. to host
mewizh ﻣ´ﻮژraisins
mez ﺰŒ ﻣtable, desk
mezar ﺰﻩرŒ ﻣturban
mezh ـــــﮋŒ ﻣـــــlong time; la ~-a for a long
time, (+ neg. pres. perf.) it’s been a
long time since: la ~a namdîtûyta it’s
been a long time since I saw you, I
haven’t seen you for a long time;
la~îna ﮋﯾﻨﻪŒﻣv ancient, very old
mezhû ــﮋووŒ ﻣhistory; ~nûs ــﮋووﻧـﻮوسŒ ﻣhistorian
midbaq ﻣﺪﺑﻪقkitchen
Miḥamad ﳏـﻪﻣـﻪد, Miḥmid ﶊـﺪ, Miḥimid
ﶊﺪMohammed, masc. proper name
mijrî ﳎﺮیbox, chest
mil ﻣـــــــﻞneck; ~-nân la v.t. to head for;
~huř ﻣــــﻠــــﻬــــﻮڕtough, bully; charlatan;
~kach ﻣﻠﮑـﻪچ
ـ ـobedient, subservient; la
~ dân v.t. to behead
mił Ç ﻣـــــsniff; ~-kirdin v.t. to sniff; ~-umo kirdin ــــﺮدنB و ﻣــــﯚÇ ﻣــــv.t. to sniff
around looking for food
miłâz زË ﻣــــــــــــــــ: kho ~-dânawa v.t. to
crouch on the ground in ambush: khoy
le miłâz dâwa he crouched on the
ground
millat تƒ ﻣﻠnation
mimbârak ﳑــــــﺒــــــﺎرﻩکhappy, felicitous,
blessed
min ﻣﻦI, me
minatbâr i ﻪﺗﺒﺎریž ﻣgrateful for
minâł ـﺎڵž ـﻣchild; ~âna ـﻧ ﻪŸـﺎž ـﻣchildish; ~î
ـﯽTــﺎž ﻣchildhood; ~ochka ـﯚ ـﭼﮑـﻪTــﺎž ﻣsmall
child, baby
minâra ﺎرﻩž ﻣtower, minaret
mindâł ﺪاڵž = ﻣminâl
minga ﮕـﻪžﻣ
ـ ـsnort: mingayèkî lewa dahât
u wa dar dakawt he snorted and left
miqomqo ﻣـــﻘـــﯚﻣـــﻘـــﯚyelling, screaming,
uproar
mir ﻣـــــــﺮhen; ~âwî ﻣـــــــﺮاویduck; ~îshk
ﻣﺮ§ﺸﮏchicken
miř g ﻣــsatiated, sated: awanda’y khwârdûa miř bûa he ate his fill
miř-u-misht و ﻣﺸﺖg ﻣfight, quarrel
moch ﻣﯚچfrowning
mirândin ﻣـﺮاﻧـﺪنmiren- ـﻦ¤ ﻣـﺮv.t. to cause
to die; kho- ~ to play dead
mirârî ﻣﺮاریpearl
mirchqândin ﻣـﺮﭼﻘــﺎﻧـﺪنmirchqen- ـــﻦ
Œﻣـﺮﭼﻘ
v.t. to crumple
mirdâr ﻣﺮدارcarrion
mirdin ﻣﺮدنmir- ﻣﺮv.i. to die
mirdov ﻣﺮدۆڤman
mirdû ﻣﺮدووdead; ba ~î dead
mirîshk ﻣﺮ§ﺸﮏchicken
mirkân ﻣــﺮﰷنv.i. to subside; dâ-~ to settle down: bo chi nâmirkî why don’t
you settle down?; to die down (flame,
fire): âgir dâmirkâwa the fire has died
down; dâ-mirkândin mirken- v.t. to
quieten down
mirkh ﻣﺮخpassion, lust
mirov ﻣـﺮۆڤman, person, one: ~èk i feudâl u pûldâr bûwa he was a feudal
and wealthy man
mirwârî = ﻣﺮواریmirârî
misha ﻣﺸﻪfrequent
mishik ﻣﺸﮏmouse
misogar ﻣـﺴـﯚﮔـﻪرinsured; ~ kirdin to in-
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SORANI KURDISH
sure
mist ـﻣﺴـﺖfist; palm (of the hand), handful; ~-washândin v.t. to box, hit,
strike with the fist
mitâłâ Ÿﺎµ ﻣstudy, contemplation
mitmâna ﻧـﻪ0 ﻣـsafe, secure (ba) in, trusting (ba) in
miza ﻣﺰﻩwage; expense
mizgawt ﻣﺰﮔﻪوتmosque
mizgen ﻦŒ ﻣﺰﮔgood news
mizgit = ﻣﺰﮔﺖmizgawt
mizh ﻣـــــــﮋinhaling; ~-dân v.t. to inhale:
~èk i qûlî la jigarakáy dâ he took a
deep drag on his cigarette
mizhda ﻣﮋدﻩgood news
mizhî ﻣﮋیbrain
mizhîn ﻦa ﻣﮋmizh- ﻣﮋv.t. to suck
mizmaḥîl ﻣﺰﻣﻪﺣ;ﻞdeprived, destitute
mîch ﻣ;ﭻroof
mîdyâ p ﻣ;ﺪmedia
mîl ﻣ;ﻞstripe (in cloth)
mîll|at تƒ ﻣﻠnation; ~î ﰏƒ ﻣﻠnational
mînga ﻣ;ﻨﮕـﻪ
ـــnasality, talking through the
nose
mîrât ﻣﲑاتlegacy, heritage
mîrî ﻣﲑیgovernmental
mîrûla v ﻣﲑووant
mîtr ﻣ;ﱰmeter
mîwân ﻣ;ﻮانguest
mokh ﻣـــﯚخbrain, marrow; ~-keshân v.t.
to bother, annoy
molaq قv ﻣـــــــــﯚstaring: châwî ba molaq
wastâ he stood staring into space
mołat ﻪتT ﻣﯚrespite
mom ﻣﯚمcandle
moř ﻣــــــــﯚڕfrowning; hard stare; ~-bûnawa la to stare at
mor ﻣــــــﻮرviolet; virgin; seal; ant; ash; ~
kirdin to seal
mora ﻣـــــــــﯚرﻩcrack in a mud wall; game
piece
mu ﻣﻮsorrow, worry
muchiřka ﮐﻪg ﻣﻮﭼshiver, shudder
mufařik ﻣــــﻮﻓــــﻪڕکauspiciousness, good
omen
muflîs ﻣﻮﻓﻠ›ﺲbankrupt, impoverished
mu‘jîza ﻣــــﻮﲺــــﲒﻩmiracle; ~yek i pâsharozh a latter-day miracle
mukriyânî ﱏpﺮB ﻣﻮof the Mukri region
musulmân ﻣـﻮﺳـﻮﳌﺎنMuslim; ~î Muslimism, Islam
mutaham ﻣﻮﺗﻪﻫﻪمaccused
muwaqat ﻣـــــــﻮﻩﻗـــــــﻪتtemporary, provisional: hikûmatèk i muwaqat i Kurdistân a provisional government of
Kurdistan
mû ﻣﻮوhair; ~khor ﻣﻮوﺧﯚرdepilatory
mûch ﻣــﻮوچwrist, ankle; ~awâna ﻣــﻮو¸ــﻪ
واﻧﻪbracelet
mûcha ﻣ ـﻮو¸ ـﻪportion; wage; one-family
farm; ~khor ﻣـﻮو¸ـﻪﺧـﯚرsalaried, wageearner: kâkim ~ i dawlata my brother
is salaried by the government
mûchândin ﻣـﻮو¸ـﺎﻧـﺪنmûchen- ــﻦŒ¸ ﻣـﻮوv.t.
to bend; dâ-~ to turn up (cuff, hem)
mûnândin ﻣـﻮو‡ ـﻧ ﺪنmûnen- ـﻦŒ ﻣـﻮوـﻧv.t. to
spin (thread)
na ﻧﻪno
ná- ﻧﻪnegative subjunctive prefix
nabaga ﻧﻪﺑﻪﮔﻪweak, feeble
nabân ﻧـــــــﻪ¶نanimal that spurns its own
young; not on speaking terms: kâkim
lemân ~a, nâmândwene my brother’s
not on speaking terms with us, he
doesn’t speak to us; ~-kirdin v.t. to
spurn, to disown; to turn away from
nabz ﻧﻪ–ﺰpulse
naft ﻧﻪﻓﺖoil, petroleum
nagbat ﻧﻪﮔﺒﻪتcalamity; unlucky
nagrîs ﻧ ـﻪﮔ ـﺮ§ ـﺲstubborn, badly behaved;
mean, evil
naguta ﻧ ـﻪﮔ ـﻮﺗ ـﻪunspoken: ~ la jwâbakám
te gaysht he understood my unspoken
answer
najîbzâda ﻧﻪﺟ;ﱫادﻩaristocratic
najâr ﻧﻪ•ﺎرcarpenter; ~î carpentry
nak ﻧـــــﻪکand not: ~ pechawânakáy and
not vice-versa; dû jâr’it le birdawa,
nak se you’ve beat him twice, not
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SORANI–ENGLISH VOCABULARY
three times; ba râstî awaî tyâ chûa
minim, nak aw really the one who
was lost was I, not he
nakhosh ﻧـــــــﻪﺧـــــــﯚشill, patient; kho ~khistin v.t. to pretend to be ill; ~î
ﻧــﻪﺧــﯚﳽillness; ~khâna ــﺎﻧــﻪØﻧــﻪﺧــﯚﺷــ
hospital
nakhsh ﻧــﻪﺧــﺶrole: ~ i daraja dû yâ sey
haya it has a secondary or tertiary
role; piř ~ u nîgâr ﻧـــﻪﺧـــﺶو ﻧـــﻴـــﮕـــﺎرgـــº
beautiful
nakhsha ﺧﺸـﻪ
ﻧـﻪ ـmap, plan; ~-dâ-nân v.t.
to lay a plan; ~-keshân v.t. to lay a
plot; ~-keshânawa v.t. to draw maps,
make plans
nakhshândin ﻧـــﻪﺧـــﺸـــﺎﻧـــﺪنnakhshen- ﻧـــﻪ
ﻦŒ ﺧﺸv.t. to draw
nakht ﻧـﻪﺧـﺖbit; ~è(k) ـــﮏ
²µ ﻧـﻪﺧa bit, a little, a while; ~-u-pukht ﻧ ـﻪﺧ ـﺖو ﭘ ـﻮﺧ ـﺖ
completely: qsaká’y ~ la bardam’dâ
nâ he had his say completely
nakhwâzâ ﻧﻪﺧﻮازاespecially
nakhwendawâr ﻨﺪﻩوارl ﻧﻪﺧﻮilliterate
nalâmat ﻧﻪﻻﻣﻪتaccursed
namâm ﻧﻪﻣﺎمsapling
namâm-kirdin ــــﺮدنB ﻧــــﻪﻣــــﺎمv.t. to have
someone walled up: khân kâwrâyèkî
namâm kird the khan had a man
walled up
namân → ﻧﻪﻣﺎنmân
nana ﻧﻪﻧﻪgrandmother
nanâsîwî ـﻴـﻮی8 ﻧـﻪ‡ﺳـdisguise: la ~ in disguise, in secret; kho la ~ dân la v.t.
to be secretly in favor of
naqândin ﻧـــﻪﻗـــﺎﻧـــﺪنnaqen- ـــﻦŒ ﻧـــﻪﻗـــv.t. to
choose, select
nařândin ﻧـﻪڕاﻧـﺪنnařen- ـﻦ¤ ﻧـﻪڕv.t. to roar,
scream
nardîwân ﻧﻪردﯾﻮانladder, staircase
nargiz ﻧﻪرﮔﺰnarcissus
narît ﻧﻪرﯾﺖcustom, manner
nastařin ﻦaﺘﻪڕ8 ﻧﻪﺳeglantine
natawa ﻧـﻪﺗـﻪوﻩnation: ~ yekgirtûakân the
United Nations; ~î ﻧﻪﺗﻪوﻩﰃnational
natra ـﺮﻩŽ ﺗـﻪcourage; ~-birdin v.t. to lose
courage; to trip, stumble
naw‘ ﻧﻪوعtype, sort
nawa ﻧﻪوﻩgrandchild
nawanda ﻧﻪوﻩﻧﺪﻩfall planting
nawân ﻧﻪوانnaw- ﻧﻪوv.i. to bend over
nawândin ﻧـــﻪواﻧـــﺪنnawen- ـــﻦ¤ ﻧـــﻪوv.t. to
lower; dâ-~ to lower, bring down
nawîn ـــــــﻦa ﻧـــــــﻪوv.i. to cave in: bânakáy
nawîbû his roof had caved in
nawroz ﻧﻪورۆزthe vernal equinox
nawsha ﻧﻪوﺷﻪpoetry; ~kâr ﻧﻪوﺷﻪﰷرpoet
Nawshîrwân ﻧــــــﻪوﺷــــــﲑوانAnosharwan,
Sassanian shah of Iran
nazhâd ﻧﻪژادrace, lineage
nazîla ƒ ﻧﻪزﯾshort story
nazm ﻧﻪزمpoetry
nâ ‡ no, oh no
nââsâî ‡ﺋﺎﺳﺎﰃunusual, unaccustomed
nâbâwařî ‡¶وﻩڕیdisbelief
nâchâr ‡¸ـــﺎرhelpless, there was nothing
he could do
nâdyâr رp ‡دinvisible, unseen
nâf ‡فnavel
nâguzûr ‡ﮔـــــــــــــﻮزوورdestitute, povertystricken
nâḥaq ‡„ــــﻪقdishonest, unrightful; ba ~
ﺑﻪ ‡„ﻪقunjustly
nâḥaz ‡„ﻪزugly; enemy
nâkâw, la ‡ﰷوv suddenly, all of a
sudden
nâkh ‡خdepth, interior: la ~ i âkh’dâ
inside the earth, in the grave
nâkher ـﺮŒـL ﻧـﻪno; ba ~ i gyânim unwillingly
nâkhosh ‡ﺧـــــﯚشunpleasant; ~î ‡ﺧـــــﯚﳽ
unpleasantness
nâł ‡ڵhorseshoe; ~dâr ﺪارT‡ horse
nâla v‡ wail, lament; ~bâr ¶رv‡ sad,
lamentable
nâlândin ‡ﻻﻧـــﺪنnâlen- ـــﻦŒ ‡ﻟـــv.t. to bemoan
nâm|a ‡ﻣﻪletter; ~îlka ‡ﻣ;ﻠﮑﻪpamphlet
nâmo ‡ﻣﯚstranger, foreign
nân ‡نbread, food; ~-khwârdin to eat,
have a meal; ~araq ‡ﻧـﻪرﻩقdry crust of
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SORANI KURDISH
bread; ~awâ ‡ﻧـــﻪواbaker; ~azig ‡ﻧـــﻪزگ
someone who works for his board;
~kar ‡ﻧﻪﮐﻪرbreadmaker, baker
nân ‡نne- ê (v.t., pass. nirân nre-) to
put, place; dâ-~ to put down, set
down, to compose, put together
(book): ktebèkî dânâwa he has written a book; râ-~ v.t. to exhibit, show;
le-~ bo to fix food for: shorbâm bo
le-nâwa I’ve fixed soup for him; pe~à to make it to: agar aw shawá
bimâbâya, pemân danâyà rozh i shasham if he had remained that night,
we would have made it to the sixth
day; sar-~awa to lay one’s head
down (to sleep)
nâpâk ‡ﭘﺎکunclean, filthy
nâřazâ|î ‡ڕﻩزاﰃunhappiness, dissatisfaction; ~yatî ‡ڕازاﯾﻪﰏditto
nâřawâ ‡ڕﻩواunreadable
nârâstawkho ﺘﻪوﺧﯚ8 ‡راﺳindirect
nârâzî ‡رازیunhappy, dissatisfied
nârdin ‡ردنner- ﺮŒ ﻧv.t. to send
nârdîwân ‡ردﯾﻮانladder
nârdrân ‡ردرانnârdre- ‡ردرێv.p. to be
sent
nâsândin ‡ﺳـــﺎﻧـــﺪنnâsen- ـــﻦŒ ‡ﺳـــv.t. to
introduce, make known
nâshe ‰ ‡ﺷـــit’s not right, it’s not proper,
shouldn’t
nâshtin ‡ﺷـﱳnezh- ـﮋŒ ـﻧv.t. to bury in the
ground, plant in the ground
nâsik ‡ﺳﮏfine, thin
nâs|în ‡ﺳ ـﲔnâs- ‡سv.t. to know, be acquainted with, recognize; ~înawa
ــــﻪوﻩž ‡ﺳــــ›ــــto recognize: nâynâsîtawa
don’t you recognize him?; ~rân v.p.
‡ﴎانto be known, recognized; ~rân
ba ‡ﴎان ﺑـــﻪv.p. to be known as; ~râw
‡ﴎاوwell-known, famous; ~yâr ﻴــﺎر8‡ﺳـ
acquaintance; ~yâw ـــﺎو
ﻴ8 ‡ﺳacquainted;
na~yâw ﻴـﺎو8ﺳ
ﻧـﻪ‡ ــunacquainted: nanâsyâwèk biydîbân if someone who
didn’t know them were to see them
nâsor ‡ﺳﯚرan infected sore, gangrene
nâtawâw ‡ﺗــﻪواوdeficient, incomplete; ~î
deficiency
nâumed ‡ﺋ ـﻮﻣ ـ´ ـﺪin despair, desperate; ~kirdin v.t. to dash someone’s hopes:
hîwâdârim nâumedmân nakay I hope
you won’t dash our hopes; ~î despair
nâw1 ‡وmidst, middle; among, between;
la ~ birdin v.t. to eradicate, get rid of;
la ~ chûn v.i. to disappear, cease to
exist; ~ařâst ‡وﻩڕاﺳــــﺖmiddle; ~arok
‡وﻩرۆکcontents; ~and ‡وﻩﻧرـــــﺪcenter;
~andî ‡وﻩﻧـــــﺪیcentral; ~châw ‡و¸ـــــﺎو
forehead; ~qad ‡وﻗـــــــــــﻪدwaist; ~râst
‡وراﺳـــــــﺖmiddle, center; ~châw-turshândin ‡و¸ﺎو ﺗﻮرﺷﺎﻧﺪنv.t. to frown
nâw2 ‡وname; ~bâng ــــــﮓs¶ ‡وfame, renown; ~dâr ‡ودارrenowned; ba~bâng
ﮓs¶ ﺑﻪ‡وfamous, well-known
nâwakhtâ, la ــــــﺎµ ‡وﻩﺧــــــv at an unusual
time, unexpectedly
nâwcha ‡و¸ـﻪ, newcha ـﻮ¸ـﻪ² ﻧـadministrative region
nâwik ‡وکpit: ~ a khurmâ date pit
nâyeł- ‡ﯾــــــــــــﻪڵdial. var. for nâheł- (see
heshtin)
nâyen- ‡ﯾﻪنsee henân
nâz ‡زcoquetry; ~dâr ‡زدارdear, cute;
ba ~-u-goz bakhew-kirdin v.t. to
spoil (a child)
nâzlâw ‡زﻻوtender shoot
nâznâw ‡ز‡وnickname, nom de plume
ne ê pres. stem of nân
nechîr ﲑ² ﻧprey
negatîv ﭫ²ﮕﻪﺗ² ﻧnegative
ner ﺮŒ ﻧmale; ~îna male
nerdîwân ﺮدﯾﻮانŒ = ﻧnârdîwân
nerdrân ﺮدرانŒ = ﻧnerrân
nerrân ـــﺮرانŒ ﻧـــnerre- ـــﺮرێŒ( ﻧـــpassive of
nârdin) to be sent
new ﻮ² = ﻧnâw, nâwcha
newarok ﻮﻩرۆک² ﻧcontents
newchâwân ﻮ¸ﺎوان² ﻧforehead, brow
nezh- ﮋŒ ﻧpres. stem of nâshtin
nigrîs ﮕﺮ§ﺲs = nagrîs
nihen ــﻦŒ ﳖــsecret, hidden; ~î secret, hid-
210
SORANI–ENGLISH VOCABULARY
den thing; ba ~î in secret, secretly
nihom ﳖﯚمfloor, story
nimakbaḥarâm ــﺒــﻪ„ــﻪرامB ﳕــﻪingrate, ungrateful
nimûna ﳕـــــﻮوﻧـــــﻪexample, sample; ~ nîshân-dân v.t. to give as an example
nirân ﺮانs nre- ﺮێs v.p. passive of nân
nirka ﺮﮐﻪs rumble, rumbling sound
nirkândin ــﺮﰷﻧــﺪنs nirken- ــﻦŒــﺮﮐــs v.t. to
grunt, to make a rumbling sound
nirkh ـﺮخs value, worth; ~dâr ـﺪارLـﺮs valuable; ba~ ــﺮخs ﺑــﻪworthwhile, valuable;
~ândin ـﺎﻧـﺪنLـﺮs ~en- ــﻦŒLـﺮs v.t. to evaluate (ba as)
nishân ﺸﺎنë = nîshân
niwishta ﺘﻪ8 ﻧﻮﺷinscription
niyâz ﻧﻴﺎزneed; desire
nizâw ﺰاوs water exuded from anything
nizim ــــــــــــــﺰمs low: ba dang i ~ in a low
voice; ~âî ﺰﻣﺎﰃs lowliness
nizîk ـــﮏaـــﺰs near; la khoy ~ khistinawa
v.t. to seat s.o. near oneself
nînok ﯚکž› ﻧfingernail
nîsân ﻧ›ﺴﺎنApril
nîsh- ﻧ›ﺶpres. stem of nîshtin
nîshân ﻧـــ›ـــﺸـــﺎنtarget; trace, sign; ~-dân
v.t. to show, give forth; ~-shikândin
v.t. to practice archery; ~shiken
ﻦŒﺸﮑë ﻧ›ﺸﺎsharpshooter
nîshâna ﻧـــ›ـــﺸـــﺎﻧـــﻪsign, mark; ~-girtin la
v ﻦŽ ﻧ›ﺸﺎﻧﻪ ﮔﺮto take aim at
nîshtaje ‰ﺘﻪﺟ8 ﻧ›ﺸsuccessor
nîshtimân ن0ــ8ﻧ›ﺸ
ـ ـcountry, homeland; ~î
ﱏ0ــ8 ــﻧ›ﺸnational; ~parwar ـﻧﭙـﻪروﻩر0ــ8ــﻧ›ﺸ
patriot
nîshtin ـــﱳ
ﻴ8ﺸë ـnîsh- ﻧ›ــﺶv.i. to sit; dâ~ to
sit down, to dwell
nîw ﻧﻴــﻮhalf, mid-; ~ařo ﻧﻴــﻮﻩڕۆnoon, midday; ~ashaw ﻧﻴﻮﻩﺷﻪوmidnight
Nîzâmî ﻧـــــﲒاﻣـــــﯽNizami (1141–1209), a
very well-known Persian poet
nîzîk ﮏa = ﻧﲒnizîk
no ﻧﯚnine; ~(h)am ﻧﯚﻩم، ﻧﯚﻫﻪمninth
noba ﻧﯚﺑﻪturn; ba ~ by turn
noga ﻧﯚﮔﻪturn
nok ﻧـــــﯚکchickpea; ~âw ﻧـــــﯚﰷوchickpea
soup
nokar ﻧـــﯚﮐـــﻪرservant; ~âyatî ﻧـــﯚﮐـــﻪراﯾـــﻪﰏ
servitude, service
nokîsa ﻧﯚﮐ›ﺴﻪnouveau riche
noł ﻧــــــــــﯚڵsoft: zhûshik ba bechû i khoy
dałe okhay roła narm u nołakám the
porcupine says to its baby, “O my
soft little one”
nomâ ﻧﯚﻣﺎcolt
nomâł ﻧﯚﻣﺎڵnewly wed
nora ﻧﯚرﻩturn
nosh ﻧﯚش: ~ i gyân cheers, bon appetit
noshân ﻧﯚﺷﺎنnosh- ﻧﯚشv.t. to drink
noshâtir ﺮŽ ﻧﯚﺷﺎbleach
nuft ﻧﻮﻓﺖnose
nukrândin ـﺮاﻧـﺪنB ﻧـﻮnukren- ـﻦ¤ـﺮB ﻧـﻮv.t. to
carve (on wood or stone)
nukta ﻧﻮﮐﺘﻪjoke, pleasantry
nuqim-bûn ﻧ ـﻮﰴ ﺑ ـﻮونv.i. to disappear, be
lost
nuqta ﻪµ ﻧﻮﻗpoint
nushân ﻧـﻮﺷـﺎنnushe- ‰ ﻧـﻮﺷـv.i.: ~awa to
bend, be folded; ~dinawa ﻧــﻮﺷــﺎﻧــﺪﻧــﻪوﻩ
nushen- ﻦŒ ﻧﻮﺷv.t. to bend, fold
nuskha ﻧﻮﲯﻪmanuscript, copy
nustin ﻧـــﻮﺳـــﱳnu- ﻧـــﻮv.i. to sleep, go to
sleep
nûk ﻧــــــﻮوکtip, point: nûk a chaqo point
of a knife; beak; whimper
nûka ﻧﻮوﮐﻪnow, at that time
nûkanûk ﻧــﻮوﮐــﻪﻧــﻮوکwhimper: am ~á la
chiya? what’s this whimpering for?
nûkâ = ﻧﻮوﰷnûka
nûq ﻧـﻮوقdunked; ~ân ﻧـﻮوﻗـﺎنnûqe- Õﻧـﻮو
v.i. to be dunked; ~ândin ﻧـــــﻮوﻗـــــﺎﻧـــــﺪن
nûqen- ﻦŒ ﻧﻮوﻗv.t. to dunk
nûqîn ﻧــــﻮوﻗــــﲔv.t. to close, shut: châwit
binûqe shut your eyes
nûs|ar ﻧــــــﻮوﺳــــــﻪرwriter, author; ~ândin
ﻧﻮوﺳﺎﻧﺪنnûsên- ﻦŒ ﻧﻮوﺳv.t. to write
nûs|en- ــــﻦŒ ﻧــــﻮوﺳــــv.t. to write; ~ânawa
ﻧـﻮوﺳـﺎﻧـﻪوﻩcopy; ~în ﻧـﻮوﺳـﲔnûs- ﻧـﻮوسv.t.
to write; ~înawa ـــﻪوﻩ
ž› ﻧـﻮوﺳv.t. to copy,
to transcribe; literature
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SORANI KURDISH
nûsân ـﻧ ﻮوﺳـﺎنnûse- ‰ ـﻧ ﻮوﺳـba v.i. to stick
to, to be stuck to, in
nûsândin ﻧـﻮوﺳـﺎﻧـﺪنnûsen ــﻦŒ ﻧـﻮوﺳba v.t. to
clutch at
nûsînga ﮕﻪž› ﻧﻮوﺳoffice
nûtak ﻧﻮوﺗﻪکheavy darkness
nûza ﻧﻮوزﻩmoan
nwândin ﻧـﻮاﻧـﺪنnwen- ـﻦ¤ ﻧـﻮv.t. to represent, look like; kho ~ to show oneself
nwe ﻧـــــــــﻮێnew; ~-kirdinawa v.t. to renew, to renovate
nwen ﻦ¤ ﻧﻮbedclothes, sheets
nwen- ﻧﻮێpres. stem of nwândin
nwenar ﻨﻪرl ﻧﻮrepresentative
nweshk ﺸﮏâ ﻧﻮrennet
nwezh ــﮋ¤ ﻧــﻮprayer (one of the five daily
Muslim prayers); ~-khwendin v.t. to
perform prayer; ~-kirdin v.t. to pray
oghir ﺋــــــﯚﻏــــــﺮjourney, good omen for a
journey: oghrit kher bet bon voyage
orgân ﺋﯚرﮔﺎنorgan
okhizhn ﺋﯚﺧﮋنrest, calm
ordû ﺋﯚردووcamp; ~gâ ﺋﯚردووﮔﺎcampsite
otonomî ﺋﯚﺗﯚﻧﯚﻣﯽautonomy
pak ﭘﻪکneed, necessity; amazing
pakhsh ﭘـــــﻪﺧـــــﺶdispersal; ~-bûn v.i. to
spread out, to be dispersed
pakhsha ﭘﻪﺧﺸﻪpublication
pakhshân ﭘـــﻪﺧـــﺸـــﺎنprose; dispersed; ~bûn v.i. to be dispersed, to spread
out; ~-kirdin v.t. to scatter; ~kirdinawa v.t. to distribute
pala v ﭘــﻪhaste; ~-kirdin v.t. to hurry; ba
~ v ﺑﻪ ﭘﻪin haste, hurriedly
pała1 ﻪT ﭘﻪfield, farm
pała2 ﻪT ﭘﻪstain, spot
pałahawr ﻪﻫﻪورT ﭘﻪbird
palapalî ﭘﻪﱃv ﭘﻪconfusion
palaqâzhe ﻗـﺎژێv ﭘـﻪflailing the hands and
feet
palawar وﻩرvﭘﻪ, palawir ورv ﭘﻪbird
palâmâr ﭘـــــــﻪﻻﻣـــــــﺎرattack; ~-dân v.t. to
grab, snatch, attack
pałg ـﮓT ﭘﻪeyelid
palk ـــﮏ¢ ﭘـــﻪtress, leaf, branch; ~ i châw
ﮑﯽ ¸ﺎو¢ ﭘﻪeyelid; ~a ﮑﻪ¢ ﭘﻪtress
pałk ـﮏT ﭘﻪa type of plane tree
palkesh-kirdin ـﺮدنB ـﺶŒ ـﮑ ـ¢ ﭘ ـﻪv.t. to pick
up
palupo ﭘـﻪﻟـﻮﭘـﯚendurance: palupoy pichiřâ
he couldn't take it any longer; la ~
kawtin to come to the end of one’s
endurance
pama ﭘﻪﻣﻪcotton
panâ ‡ ﭘــــــــــــﻪshelter, refuge, asylum; ~birdin ba v.t. to take refuge in; ~bar
ﭘﻪ‡ﺑﻪرrefugee
pand ﭘﻪﻧﺪadvice
paner ﺮŒ ﭘﻪﻧcheese
pang-khwârdin ـــﮓ ﺧـــﻮاردنs ﭘـــﻪv.t. to be
pent up
panhân ﭘﻪﳖﺎنwonderful, rare, strange
panja ﭘــﻪﳒــﻪhand; claw; ~-dân lagał v.t.
to fight with, contend with; ~ i kho
gastin v.t. to bite one’s fingers, to express surprise
panjara ﭘﻪﳒﻪرﻩwindow
panjoła ﻪT ﭘﻪﳒﯚclaw
papka-bastin ـــﮑـــﻪ ﺑـــﻪﺳـــﱳº ﭘـــﻪv.t. to coil:
mârakân papkayân bast the snakes
coiled up
pař1 ﭘــــــــــﻪڕside, direction: aw~ i on the
other side of, past
pař2 ﭘﻪڕfeather
pařa ﭘﻪڕﻩpetal: ~ i gul rose petal
parasandin ﭘــﻪرﻩﺳــﻪﻧــﺪنv.i. to be in general use
pařawâza ﭘﻪڕﻩوازﻩwandering, homeless
pařândin ﭘــــﻪڕاﻧــــﺪنpařen- ــــﻦ¤ ﭘــــﻪڕv.t. to
make leap, jump; to cause to flee; to
cut off part of something: am liká
bipařena cut off this limb; to leave
out: la khwendinawa’dâ khatèkit
pařând you left out a line in your
reading; to remove: lamparim pařând
I removed the obstacle; ~awa to save:
pařândûtimawa you've saved me;
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SORANI–ENGLISH VOCABULARY
dar-~ la to drive away from, to chase
out of; dâ-~ to shake: la dârakáwa
am sewâná’m dâpařândà khwâr I
shook these apples down from the
tree; râ-~ to wake up, roust out of
sleep
pařâw ﭘﻪڕاوnotebook
parâwezân ـﺰان¤ ﭘـﻪراوparâweze- ـﺰێ¤ﭘـﻪراو
v.t. to edit
parcham ﭘﻪر¸ﻪمbangs
parch-dânawa ﭘـــﻪرچ داﻧـــﻪوﻩv.t. to pound
(the head of a nail) flat
parchî ﭘﻪرﭼﯽcheap, insignificant
pardâkh ﭘﻪرداخglass, tumbler
pare ﭘﻪرێday before yesterday
pařendrân ــﻨــﺪرانl ﭘــﻪڕv.p. passive of pařândin
parez ﺰ¤ ﭘﻪرplace for harvested grain
paristin ﭘــــﻪرﺳــــﱳparist- ﭘــــﻪرﺳــــﺖv.t. to
serve, adore, worship
parî ﭘﻪریperi, fairy
pařîn ـﻦa ﭘـﻪڕpař- ﭘـﻪڕv.i. to leap, jump; te~ la to pass by/through
parmûn ﭘـﻪرﻣـﻮونparme- ‰ ﭘـﻪرﻣـv.t. to rely
on oneself; râ-~ to consider worthy,
to find s.o. capable (+ subj.) of doing
something
parsh ﭘــﻪرشscattered; ~ u bilâw kirdinawa ـﺮدﻧـﻪوﻩ6 ﭘـﻪرش و ﺑـﻼوv.t. to scatter, let
loose: kichá qizh’î parsh u bilâw
kirdawa the girl let her hair fly loose
parsiv ﭘﻪرﺳﭫanswer, response
partuk ﭘﻪرﺗﻮکbook
parwarda-kirdin ــــــﺮدنB ﭘــــــﻪروﻩردﻩv.t. to
raise, rear (flocks, herds)
parzh ﭘﻪرژopportunity
pařzh ﭘﻪڕژbroadcast, widespread
parzhîn ﻦa ﭘﻪرژrelation; business
parzhân ﭘـــﻪرژانparzhe- ﭘـــﻪرژێv.i. to be
busy
pasand-bûn la v ﭘـﻪﺳـﻪﻧـﺪ ﺑـﻮونto be pleasing to
pasârdin ﭘـﻪﺳـﺎردنpaser- ــﺮŒ ﭘـﻪﺳv.t.: hał-~
ba ...awa to lean against: bel ba
dîwârawa hałpasera lean the shovel
against the wall
pashîmân ن7ــ8 ﭘـﻪﺷregretful, sorry; ~-kirdinawa to dissuade
pashok|ân ﭘـﻪﺷـﯚﰷنpashoke- ‰ ﭘـﻪﺷـﯚﮐـv.i.
to get upset, be terrified; ~âw ﭘـــﻪﺷـــﯚﰷو
terrified; ~âwî ﭘﻪﺷﯚﰷویterror
pasind ﻨﺪ8 ﭘﻪﺳapproval
past ﭘـﻪﺳـﺖlow, dejected; ~î ــﱴ8 ﭘـﻪﺳdejection; ba ~îawa ;ﻪوﻩn ﺑﻪ ﭘﻪﺳdejectedly
pastâwtin ـﻦŽﺘـﺎو8ﺳ
ﭘـﻪ ــv.t. to stuff, cram; to
beat with the feet, kick
pat1 ﭘـــــــــﻪتrope, cord: pat i hîwâ kawtà
bârîk the thread of hope wore thin,
there was not much hope left
pat2 ﭘﻪتsee lat-u-pat
patâta ﺗﻪc ﭘﻪpotato
payâ p = ﭘﻪpaydâ
payâm مp ﭘـﻪmessage; ~-nârdin to send a
message
paydâ ﭘــﻪﯾــﺪاvisible, found; ~-bûn v.i. to
happen, to become visible; ~-kirdin
v.t. to find
payjo(r) ﭘــﻪﳚــﯚرinvestigator, researcher;
~î investigation, research
paymân ﭘــــﻪﳝــــﺎنpromise; ~-bastin lagał
v.t. to make a promise to someone
paytâ-paytâ ﭘـﻪ ـﯾﺘـﺎ ﭘـﻪ ـﯾﺘـﺎconstantly, continuously
paywand ﭘﻪﯾﻮﻩﻧﺪconnection, relation
paz ﭘﻪزsheep
pazhâra ﭘﻪژارﻩsorrow, worry
pâchîn ﭘـــﺎ¸ـــﲔv.t. to pound; dâ-~ to split
from top to bottom
pâdâsht ﭘـﺎداﺷـﺖreward; ~-dânawa to reward
pâk ﭘـــــــــــﺎکpure, clean; ~-kirdin v.t. to
clean
pâł ﭘــــــﺎڵside; back; inside: la ~ khoy’dâ
tûřaya he’s angry inwardly; ~-dân
v.t. to push: nâbizue: wara dagalmân
pâl da it won’t budge: come push
with us; ~-dânawa v.t. to lean back,
rest; ~-dân ba v.t. to lean against:
~im ba dîwârawa dâ I leaned against
the wall; ~-kawtin v.i. to lie down; ~
213
SORANI KURDISH
pewa nân v.t. to push; la ~ a kho’dâ
for one’s own part, on one’s own behalf
pâławân ـــــﻪوانT ﭘـــــﺎchampion, hero; ~etî
ﱴŒﻪواﻧT ﭘﺎ, ~iyatî ﻪواﻧﻴﻪﰏT ﭘﺎheroism
pâłâ Ÿ = ﭘﺎpelâw
pâłpishtî ﱴ8ﺸÎT ﭘﺎbacking, support
pâłtâw ﺘﺎوT ﭘﺎovercoat
pân ﭘﺎنwide, broad, shallow
pâr ﭘﺎرlast year
pâra ﭘﺎرﻩmoney
pâřân ﭘـــــﺎڕانpâře- ﭘـــــﺎڕێv.i. to beg, beseech
pârâstin ﭘـــﺎراﺳـــﱳpârez- ـــﺰ¤ ﭘـــﺎرla v.t. to
protect from, keep
pârâztin ﻦŽ = ﭘﺎرازpârastin
pârez ــــﺰ¤ ﭘــــﺎرavoidance, abstaining; ambush; ~-birdin v.t. to ambush; ~-chûn
v.i. to wait in ambush; ~-kirdin v.t. to
abstain; ~rân ــــﺰران¤ ﭘــــﺎرv.p. to be protected, kept; ~ar ـﺰﻩر¤ ﭘـﺎرdefender, protector, defence lawyer; ~gâr ـــﺰﮔـــﺎر¤ﭘـــﺎر
protector; ~î ــــــﺰی¤ ﭘــــــﺎرprotection; ~îkirdin ﺮدنB ﺰی¤ ﭘﺎرv.t. to protect
pârû ﭘﺎرووmorsel
pâsawân ﭘﺎﺳﻪوانguard; ~î surveillance
pâsh ﭘــــــﺎشafter (prep); ~-kawtin to fall
behind, be backward; ~-khistin v.t. to
delay; to neglect, ignore; ~ awaî (ka)
after (conj.); la ~’â afterwards; ~arozh ﭘـﺎﺷـﻪرۆژfuture; ~kawtû ﺷﮑـﻪوﺗـﻮو
ﭘـﺎ ـ
backward; ~mana ﭘـﺎﴰـﻪﻧـﻪleft-over; lamaw~ ﻣﻪوﭘﺎشv henceforth
pâshał ﭘﺎﺷﻪڵback of the skirt; hind leg
pâshâ ﭘﺎﺷﺎking, prince
pâshu ﭘﺎﺷﻮleg (of an animal)
pâya ﭘﺎﯾﻪrank
pâyiz ﺰa ﭘﺎautumn
pâzh ﭘﺎژportion, section; document
pe1 ‰Š( ﭘـadj.) (1) fasting: min amřo peyim
I’m fasting today; (2) on hand: pûl’it
peya? do you have any money on
hand?; (3) lit (fire): âgir peya the
fire’s lit
pe2 ‰Š ﭘـfoot; ~-dâ-girtin v.t. to insist, im-
portune; ba ~ i in account of; ~ pewa
nân v.t. to get a move on, to hightail
it out; dang i ~yek the sound of a
footstep; ~ la kawsh’(d)â bûn to insist, to be firm: peyèkit la kawsh’â bet
u aw pekát nakirdibe ba jey bela be
firmly resolved, stick to your guns
pe3 ‰Š( ﭘــــــــــpostposition) see ba; ~… wâ
bûn to think, be of the opinion that:
pem wâ bû I thought so; pey wâ bû
diz u regirin he thought they were
robbers and brigands
pe4 ‰Š ﭘـcmpd. vb. element, see under verbal element: pe-gayshtin, pe-kanîn,
pe-wîstin
pe-chûn ﭽﻮون² ﭘsee under chûn ba
pe-kirdin ــــﮑــــﺮدن² ﭘــــv.t. to force, oblige:
pe’yân kirdim aw kârá bikam they
forced me to do it; to fool; to light
(fire); dast ~ (+ inf.) to begin (doing)
pechawâna ـﻪواﻧـﻪ²ﭘ
ــreverse, opposite; ba
~wa ﻪواﻧﻪوﻩ² ﺑﻪ ﭘon the contrary
pechân ـﺎن²ﭘ
ــpech- ــﭻ² ﭘv.t. to fold, wrap;
hał-~ v.t. to roll up
pechrân ﭽـﺮان²ﭘ
ـ ـpechre- ﭽـﺮێ² ـ ـﭘv.p. to be
wrapped
pedasht ﺪﻩﺷﺖ² ﭘpiedmont plain
pedâ ﺪا² = ﭘpaydâ
pedâwîst ﺪاو§ﺴﺖ² = ﭘpewîst
peghamar ﻐﻪﻣﻪر² ﭘprophet
pek ــﮏ² ﭘtogether, in order; ~-ânîn v.t. to
accomplish, to reconcile; ~-biřrân
v.i. to be suitable: to u aw kirâsá
daley pek biřrâwin it’s as though you
and that shirt were made for each
other; ~-gayshtin v.i. to meet, see
each other; ~-hâtin v.i. to agree, get
along together; to consist (la of); ~henân v.t. to put together, produce,
accomplish; to reconcile; ~awa ﮑـﻪوﻩ²ﭘ
ــ
together; ~awa-nân v.t. to shut, close
(book, eyes), to stick together; rek u
~ ﮏ²ﮏوﭘ¤ رordered, arranged
pe-kanîn ﮑﻪﻧﲔ² ﭘv.i. to laugh
pekân ـﲀن² ـﭘpeke- ‰ﮑـ²ﭘ
ـ ـv.t. to hit with an
214
SORANI–ENGLISH VOCABULARY
arrow or bullet, hit the mark
pełâw و˲ ﭘshoes
peło ﯚk² ﭘeyelid
penâs ﺎسžŒ ﭘidentity, identity card
penâw ـﺎوžŒﭘ
ـ ـ: la ~ i ...’dâ for, for the sake
of: la penâw i âzâdî’dâ khom bakht
akam I’ll risk my life for the sake of
freedom
penj ـﺞžŒﭘ
ـ ـfive; ~am ـﻪم힌ﭘ
ـ ـ ـfifth; ~shamma ﺠﺸﻪﳑﻪžŒ ﭘThursday
peřaw ﻩوgــــŒ ﭘــــpedestrian; sidewalk; program
pere ﺮێŒ = ﭘpare
pesh ـﺶŒ ـﭘbefore, ahead; ~ awaî (ka) before (conj); ~-girtin ba v.t. to
prevent: la chûn pesh’yân pe girtim
they prevented me from going; ~girtin la v.t. to stand in front of; ~kawtin v.i. to advance, go forward,
get ahead of: peshmân kawtûn they
have gotten ahead of us; dânà ~ to
drive forward
peshak ﺸﻪکŒ ﭘforeword
peshawâ ﺸﻪواŒ ﭘleader
peshîn ﺸـﲔŒﭘ
ــformer, olden; ~îân ــــﺎن
;Àﻴ8ــﺸـŒﭘ
the ancients, ancestors, forefathers
peshkash ﺸﮑـﻪشŒﭘ
ــ ـpresent, gift; ~-kirdin
ba v.t. to present to; ~-krân v.p. to be
presented
peshkawtû ﺸﮑـﻪوﺗـﻮوŒﭘ
ــ ـadvanced, progressive
peshmarga ـﺸ ـﻤ ـﻪرﮔ ـﻪŒ ﭘ ـguerilla, freedom
fighter
peshnirâw ـﺸ ـﲊاوŒ ﭘ ـproposed, suggested;
proposal
peshnyâr ـ; ـﺎرÀ ـﺸ ـŒ ﭘ ـsuggestion; ~-kirdin
v.t. to suggest
peshnyâz ـ; ـﺎزÀ ـﺸ ـŒ ﭘ ـsuggestion; ~-kirdin
v.t. to suggest
peshwakht ﺸﻮﻩﺧﺖŒ ﭘearly, untimely
peshwâz ﺸـﻮازŒﭘ
ــgreeting: hât ba peshwâz
i merdakáyawa she came to greet her
husband; ~î kirdin v.t. to receive
pest ﺴﺖŒ ﭘskin
petakht ﻪﺧﺖµŒ ﭘcapital
pewa ـــﻮﻩ²ﭘـــ: ~ dân see ba …awa dân; ~
girtin see ba …awa girtin
pewand ـﻮﻩﻧـﺪ² ﭘـcontact, link; ~-girtin lagał v.t. to form a link with
pewân ﻮان² ﭘpew- ﻮ² ﭘv.t. to measure
pewâr ﻮار² ﭘunseen, invisible
pewdân ﻮدان² ﭘmeasure, rule
pewîst ـﻮ ـ§ﺴـﺖ² ـﭘnecessary; ~î ــﱴ8ـﻮ ـ§ﺴ² ـﭘnecessity
pey ﯽŠ² = ﭘpe2
pichiřândin ا ـﻧ ﺪنg ـﭘﭽـpichiřen- ـﻦ¤g ـﭘﭽـv.t.
to break, break apart
pichiřîn ـﻦag ﭘـﭽـpichiř- g ﭘـﭽـv.t. to break,
cut; ~-awa la to sever relations with:
kâkim la ema pichiřîwatawa, hâtuchû’mân nâkâ my brother has severed
relations with us—he doesn’t come to
see us; hał-~ to force a cover off
pichiřrân انg ـﭘﭽـpichiřre- ێg ـﭘﭽـv.p. to be
broken, snapped
pichok ﭘﭽﯚکlittle, tiny
pif ﭘﻒpuff; ~-kirdin v.t. to puff, blow
pil ﭘﻞfinger, toe
pilân ﭘﻼنplan
piłâw وË ﭘpilaf, cooked rice
piling ﭘﻠﻨﮓtiger
piłîshâ|nawa ›ﺸـﺎﻧـﻪوﻩkﭘ
ـ ـ ـv.i. to be mashed,
squashed; ~ndinawa ›ﺸـﺎﻧـﺪﻧـﻪوﻩkﭘ
ـ ـ ـv.t. to
squash
pilk ﭘﻠﮏeyelid
piř gــــــــــــº full; for compounds, see next
element; la ~ g ـº v, la ~èk’á ـﲀ¤g ـº v, la
~dâ داgــــــº v suddenly, all at once; ~ la
…awa full of; ~-bûn la to be angry
with: let piřim: mamdwena I’m angry
with you: don’t speak to me; ~’î
pe’dâ kirdin v.t. to snatch away; ~âî
اﰃgـº midst, middle: la piřâî i âwakádâ
in the middle of the water; majority:
piřâî i khałkaká hât the majority of
the people came
pird ﺮدº bridge
piřma ﻣﻪgº whinny, snivel
pirshing ﻨﮓ8ﺮﺷº ray
pirsîn ﺮﺳﲔº pirs- ﺮسº la v.t. to ask
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SORANI KURDISH
pirsyâr ــﻴـﺎر8 ـﺮﺳº question; ~-kirdin la v.t.
to ask s.o.
piřtâw وcgº haste; ba ~ hâtin to rush
pirtuk ﺮﺗﻮکº piece
piryâska ﺳﮑﻪpﺮº small sack
piřzhân ژانgـــــº v.i. to be scattered, sprinkled; hał-~ to grapple; to squirt: pe’m
le nâ, quř u lîta’m pe hałpirzhâ I put
my foot in it and mud squirted up all
over me
piřzhândin ژاﻧـﺪنgـº piřzhen- ـﻦ¤ژgـº v.t. to
scatter, sprinkle, squirt
pisân ﺴﺎنé v.i. to break, snap
pishî ﺸﯽé cat; ~la ƒﻴ8ﺸé kitten
pishkinîn ـﲔžـﺸـﮑـé pishkin- ـﺸـﮑـﻦé v.t. to
examine
pisht ـﺸ ـﺖé back; reliance; generation; ~
ba khwâ for God’s sake; ~ bastin ba
v.t. to click on; ~-dân v.t. to run
away; ~-dân-awa v.t. to calm down:
biro ~ i khot’î le bidawa go calm
down; ~-girtin v.t. to help, protect; ~
hał-kirdin v.t. to turn away in anger;
~-kirdin ba v.t. to rely on; ~ te-kirdin v.t. to turn the back on, ignore; ~astûr complacent; ~ i ــﱴ8ﺸé ـbehind; ~î
ـﱴ8ـﺸـé bolster; ba~ ـﺸـﺖé ﺑـﻪsolid, firm,
strong
pishtâw ــﺘـﺎو8 ـﺸé gunpowder sack; type of
pistol
pishter ﺮŒﺘ8ﺸé stable
pishû ــــﺸــــﻮوé breath; ~-dân v.t. to take a
breath
pispoř ﭙﯚڕ8ﺴé expert
pisû ﺴﻮوé feeling
pitaw ﭘﺘﻪوstrong, firm
pitir ﭘﱰearlier; more
pizhîshk ﮋ§ﺸﮏº doctor, physician
pizhma ﮋﻣﻪº sneeze
pizhmîn ﮋﻣﲔº pizhm- ﮋمº v.i. to sneeze
pizîshk ﺰ§ﺸﮏº = pizhîshk
pîlân = ﭘﻴﻼنpilân
pîr ﭘـــــــﲑold, aged; ~ak ﭘـــــــﲑﻩکwoman,
wife; ~amerd ــﺮدŒ ﭘـﲑﻩﻣold man; ~azhin
ﭘـــﲑﻩژن, ~ezhin ـــﮋن¤ ﭘـــﲑold woman; ~î
ﭘـــــــﲑیold age; the act of going out to
greet a superior; ba ~î i …awa hâtin
to come/go out to greet
Pîrânshâr ـﺸـﺎرë ﭘـﲑاPiranshahr, a town in
Iranian Kurdistan
pîroz ﭘﲑۆزhappy, blessed, auspicious
pîs ﭘ ـ› ـﺲdirty, filthy; ~ gâl-dân ﭘ ـ› ـﺲ ﮔ ـﺎل
دانv.t. to stir up filth; dil ~-kirdin la
v.t. to suspect the worst of
pîsha ﭘ›ﺸﻪtrade, craft
pîshân ﭘ›ﺸﺎنtrace; ~-dân v.t. to show
pît ﭘ›ﺖletter of the alphabet
pît u lat تv ﭘ›ﺖ وbit, little bit
pîwâz ﭘﻴﻮازonion
po ﭘﯚweft
pol ﭘﯚلflock (of birds)
poł ﭘــــــﯚڵgrade: la pol i penjam i ibtidâî’dâ in the fifth grade of elementary
school; group, squadron
połâ Ÿ ﭘﯚsteel
pop ﭘـــﯚپcock’s comb, forelock; lik-u-~
ﮏوﭘﯚپ¢ branches and twigs
poř ﭘــــــــــﯚڕhair (on the head); partridge;
pân u ~ ﭘﺎنوﭘﯚڕwide, broad
poshîn ﭘـﯚﺷـﲔposh- ﭘـﯚشv.t. to wear, put
on
poshta ــﺘـﻪ8 ﭘـﯚﺷchic; happy; ~-kirdinawa
v.t. to dress in fine clothes
post1 ﭘـــﯚﺳـــﺖskin, peel; ~-girtinawa v.t.
to peel: post i am khayârá bigirawa
peel this cucumber
post2 ﭘــــــﯚﺳــــــﺖpost, mail; ~ i alîktronî
ﱴ ﺋﻪﻟﻴﮑﱰۆﱏ8 ﭘﯚﺳe-mail
prûsk ــــــﺮووﺳــــــﮏº remains of a decayed
corpse
prûsha-kirdin ﺮدنB ﺮووﺷﻪº v.t. to nibble
pushpař ﭙﻪڕ8 ﭘﻮﺷthe month of Cancer
pûł ﭘﻮوڵmoney
pûř-kirdin ﺮدنB ﭘﻮوڕv.t. to store
pûs ﭘﻮوسskin
pûsh ﭘﻮوشdried grass
pût ﭘﻮوتweight equal to sixteen kilos
pyâ = ﭘﻴﺎpe’(d)â
pyâła ﻪT ﭘﻴﺎcup
pyâsa ﭘـﻴـﺎﺳـﻪwalk, stroll; ~-kirdin v.t. to
216
SORANI–ENGLISH VOCABULARY
take a stroll, go for a walk
pyâw ﭘـــﻴـــﺎوman; ~atî ﭘـــﻴـــﺎوﻩﰏmanhood,
manliness, generosity; ~ a gawrakân
dignitaries
pyâz ﭘﻴﺎزonion
qaba ﻗﻪﺑﻪthick
qabûł ﻗـﻪﺑـﻮوڵacceptance; ~-bûn v.i. to be
acceptable; ~-kirdin v.t. to accept,
agree to
qadpâl ﻗﻪدﭘﺎلmountainside
qafaza ﻗﻪﻓﻪزﻩcloset, storeroom
qałabâłigh ﻪ¶ﻟﻎT ﻗﻪcrowd
qałam ﻪمT ﻗﻪpen
qaław ــﻪوT ﻗــﻪfat; lâm i ~ ــﻪوT ﻻﱉ ﻗــﻪvelarized l
qałâ Ÿ ﻗﻪfort; ~ycha ﻪ:Ÿ ﻗﻪfortress
qalâcho ﻗﻪﻻﭼﯚextermination
qałbaz ـﺒـﻪزT ﻗـﻪchain of rocks on a mountain; ~a ﺒﻪزﻩT ﻗﻪwaterfall
qalishîn ﻗﻪﻟﺸﲔv.i. to split, crack
qalisht ﻗﻪﻟﺸﺖcrack, split
qanâra ﻗﻪ‡رﻩgallows
qandin ﻗــــﻪﻧــــﺪن: hał-~ v.t. to uproot, dig
up, get out
qandrân ﻗ ـﻪﻧ ـﺪرانqandre- ﻗ ـﻪﻧ ـﺪرێ: hał-~
v.p. to be uprooted, dug up
qara ﻗـــﻪرﻩnearness, vicinity; kho nadân
la ~ i … not to get anywhere near
qarabâłikh ﺦT¶ = ﻗﻪرﻩqalabâligh
qarâkh ﻗﻪراخedge, outskirts
qasâb ﻗﻪﺳﺎبbutcher
qast ﻗﻪﺳﺖintention; la ~ intentionally
qat ﻗﻪتabsolutely
qatl ﻗﻪﺗﻞmurder
qawân ﻗـــــــــــــﻪوانphonograph record; ~khwendinà gwe i … v.t. to harp on
the same theme to, to keep repeating
into s.o.’s ear
qawîl ﻗﻪوﯾﻞaccepted, acceptable
qawmân ﻗ ـﻪوﻣ ـﺎنqawme- ‰ ﻗ ـﻪوﻣ ـv.i. la to
have something wrong or bad happen
to: wak ley naqawmâbe wâ bû it was
as though nothing bad had happened
to him
qawr ﻗﻪورgrave, tomb
qaychî ﯽ: ﻗﻪscissors
qayd ﻗـﻪﯾـﺪimpediment; link (in a chain);
~e nâkâ never mind, it doesn’t matter
qazâwat ﻗﻪزاوﻩتjudgeship, judiciary
qâch ﻗــــــﺎچleg; har ~èk kirdin ba duân
v.t. to run as fast as one can: kichá har
qâchèkî dakâ ba duân the girl runs as
fast as her legs will carry her; ~ khistinà sar … v.t. to step on; ~ râkeshân v.t. to stretch out the legs
qâchâkh ﻗـــﺎ¸ـــﺎخsmuggling, contraband;
~chî ﻗﺎ¸ﺎﺧﭽﯽsmuggler
qâlî ﻗﺎﱃcarpet
qâmik ﻗﺎﻣﮏfinger, finger joint
qân ﻗـــﺎنqe- Õ v.i.: hał-~ da to get stuck
on: dâwenim d’ aw bizmârá hałqâ my
skirt got stuck on that nail
qâp ﻗﺎپdish
qâpelk ﻠﮏ² ﻗﺎﭘshell, hollow shell
qâpî ﯽŠ ﻗﺎﭘdoor, gate
qâqaz ﻗﺎﻗﻪزpaper
qâramân ﻗﺎرﻩﻣﺎنhero; ~î ﻗﺎرﻩﻣﺎﱏheroism
qârch ﻗـﺎرچmushroom; ~ik ﻗـﺎر¸ـﮏmushroom
qârpoz ﻗﺎرﭘﯚزsaddlehorn
qârpuz ﻗﺎرﭘﻮزmelon; lampshade
qât ﻗـﺎتtime: hazâr ~ jwântir a thousand
times more beautiful
qâw1 ﻗـــــــــــــﺎوrumor; ~ dâ-khistin v.t. to
spread a rumor
qâw2 ﻗﺎوdish, plate, container
qâwa ﻗﺎوﻩcoffee
qâwirma ﻗـــــــﺎورﻣـــــــﻪmeat fried in small
pieces
qâyil-bûn ba ﻗﺎﯾﻞ ﺑﻮون ﺑﻪv.i. to agree to
qâyim ﻗﺎﱘ: ba ~ quick, fast, hard
qâzân ﻗـﺎزانpot, cauldron; ~asar ﻗـﺎزاﻧـﻪﺳـﻪر
bogey man
qâzânj ﻗـﺎزاﱋprofit; ~-kirdin v.t. to make
a profit
qâzî ﻗﺎزیcadi, Islamic judge
qez ــﺰŒ ﻗrevulsion: ba ~ u bezawa with repugnance
qiłâycha ﻪ:Ë ﻗsmall fortress, castle
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SORANI KURDISH
qiłîshân ›ﺸـﺎنkﻗ
ـ ـv.i. to split;
ـ ـ ـqiłîsh- ›ـﺶkﻗ
dâ-~ to split from top to bottom
qiłîshândin ›ﺸـﺎﻧـﺪنkﻗ
ـــqiłîshen- ــﻦŒ›ﺸkﻗ
ـــv.t.
to split, be split; dâ-~ to be split from
top to bottom
qilyân ﻗـــﻠـــﻴـــﺎنwaterpipe, long-stemmed
smoking pipe
qing ﮓž ﻗbuttocks
qinj ﺞž ﻗupright, upturned
qinyât ﻴﺎتž ﻗpatience
qircha ﻗ ـﺮ¸ ـﻪsound of cracking, splintering; ~-kirdin v.t. to splinter
qirchân ﻗ ـﺮ¸ ـﺎنv.i. to melt (fat over fire);
~-awa to sting, hurt; hał-~ to be
heated over fire, sizzle, shrivel up
qirchândin ﻗـﺮ¸ـﺎﻧـﺪنqirchen- ــﻦŒ¸ ﻗـﺮv.t. to
heat fat, grease; to make something
shrivel up over heat; ~-awa to cauterize
qirîwa ﻗﺮﯾﻮﻩa shout for joy
qirtaqirt ﻗﺮﺗﻪﻗﺮتpeep, chirp
qirtândin ﻧـﺪنc ﻗـﺮqirten- ـﻦŒ ﻗـ ﺗﺮـv.t. to cut
(with scissors), to tear with the teeth;
to crack (seeds with the teeth)
qirzhâng ﮓs ﻗﺮژاcrab
qisht ﻗﺸﺖcute
qit-kirdin ﺮدنB ﻗﺖv.t. to eliminate
qizh ﻗﮋhair (on the head)
qîbla ƒﻗ;ﺒـ
ـ ـthe kiblah, the direction of Islamic prayer
qîn ﻗﲔspite
qîr ﻗــــــــﲑtar, pitch; ~rezhî-kirdin v.t. to
cover with tar
qît ﻗـ;ـﺖerect, in order; kho ~-kirdin v.t.
to put oneself in order, straighten oneself up; ~ u zît ﻗـــ;ـــﺖوزﯾـــﺖstylish; ~ u
qoz ﻗ;ﺖوﻗﯚزtall and elegant
qîzh à ﻗـــcry, scream; ~ândin اﻧـــﺪنà ﻗـــqîzhen- ﻦ¤Ã ﻗv.t. to scream
qol ﻗــــﯚلarm, sleeve; ~ hał-mâlân v.t. to
roll up one’s sleeves, get to work in
earnest
qonâgh = ﻗﯚ‡غqonâkh
qonâkh ﻗـــــﯚ‡خlodging, place to stay the
night; historical event
qoř ﻗﯚڕnonsense
qořa ﻗﯚڕﻩrumble, rumbling sound
qoztin ـﻦŽ ﻗـﯚزqoz- ﻗـﯚزv.t.; ~awa to snatch
out of the air: topaká’m hałdâ, la hawâ qoztîawa I threw the ball up and
he caught it in mid air
qsa ـﻗﺴـﻪwords, speech, story; ~-pe-birîn
v.t. to interrupt: ba tundî qsaká’m pe
biřî u gutim I quickly interrupted him
and said; ~-kirdin v.t. to speak, to tell
a story
qtâw = qutâb
qubûł = ﻗﻮﺑﻮوڵqabûl
qula v ﻗﻮmountain peak
qułang ﮓsﻪT ﻗﻮcrane (zoo.)
qułâkh خŸ ﻗـﻮsensitive (of the ear); gwe~
bûnawa v.i. to listen attentively
qułf ﻒT ﻗﻮlock; ~-kirdin v.t. to lock
qum ﻗـﻮمdraught, drink: ~e âw a drink of
water
quř ﻗـﻮڕmud; ba ~ girtin v.t. to seal with
mud: mâlit ba quř gîre “may your
house be mudded up,” damn you
qurbân ﻗـــﻮر¶نsacrifice; (vocative) qúrbân sir, sire; ~î-kirdin labar pe i
…dâ v.t. to sacrifice for the sake of
qurchândin ﻗـﻮر¸ـﺎﻧـﺪنqurchen- ــﻦŒ¸ ﻗـﻮرv.t.
to swallow; dâ-~ to swallow, gulp
down
qurg ﻗﻮرگthroat
qurosh ﻗﻮرۆشpiastre
quřqushim ﻗﻮڕﻗﻮﴌlead (metal)
qurs ﻗﻮرسheavy, weighty
qursh ﻗﻮرشfootstool of a throne
qurwâq ﻗﻮرواقfrog
qut ﻗﻮتshort, brief
qutâb بc ﻗـــــــﻮbook; ~î ﰉc ﻗـــــــﻮstudent;
~khâna ﲞﺎﻧﻪc ﻗﻮschool
qutân نc ﻗـﻮqute- ì ﻗـﻮv.t. to beat, strike,
hit
qutîla ƒ ﻗﻮﺗﻴsmall box; small lamp
qûchândin ﻗ ـﻮو¸ ـﺎﻧ ـﺪنqûchen- ـﻦŒ= ﻗ ـﻮو¸ ـ
qûjândin
qûjândin ﻗـﻮو•ـﺎﻧـﺪنqûjen- ـﻦŒ ﻗـﻮو•ـv.t. to
close together (eyes, fingers)
218
SORANI–ENGLISH VOCABULARY
qûł ﻗــــﻮوڵdeep; ~âî ﰃŸ ﻗــــﻮوdepth: la ~ i
dilawa kâr’î kirdûa he labored from
the bottom of his heart; ~î ﯽT ﻗﻮوdepth
qûłîna ﻴﻨﻪT ﻗﻮوfruit basket
qûn ﻗـﻮونanus, butt; ~ i qalam مvﻗـﻮوﱏ ﻗـﻪ
stub of a pencil
Qûstantaniya ـﺘ ـﻪﻧ ـﺘ ـﻪﻧ ـﻴ ـﻪ8 ﻗ ـﻮوﺳ ـConstantinople
rachałak ــﻪکT رﻩ¸ــﻪroot; ~-birînawa v.t.
to uproot, eradicate
rachâw رﻩ¸ــــﺎوobservation; ~-kirdin v.t.
to observe
rafîq رﻩﻓ;ﻖfriend, comrade
rag رﻩگvein, root
ragaz رﻩﮔـﻪزorigin, race; ~âyatî زﻩﮔـﻪزاﯾـﻪﰏ
racism
rahanda رﻩﻫﻪﻧﺪﻩwanderer, nomad
rakhsân رﻩﺧ ـﺴ ـﺎنrakhse- ‰ رﻩﺧ ـﺴ ـv.i. to
come into existence
rakhsândin ﺧﺴـﺎﻧـﺪن
رﻩ ـrakhsen- ـﻦŒﺧﺴ
رﻩ ـ ـ
v.t. to bring about accidentally
rama رﻩﻣـــــﻪherd; ~kî common, ordinary
(people), of the common herd
rang1 ـــــــﮓs رﻩcolor; ~-dân da/la to happen to; ~-dânawa to bleed (as color
onto a fabric); ~dânawa i … bûn v.i.
to be in accordance with; ~-hałbizirkân v.i. to lose color, go pale; ~hałbizirkâw ـﱫرﰷوTـﮓﻫـﻪs رﻩpale, “white as a
sheet” (with fright); ~în ﮕﲔs رﻩcolorful
rang2 ـﮓs رﻩpossible; ~ a ka ـﮕ ـﻪ ﮐ ـﻪs( رﻩ+
subj.) it’s possible that
ranj رﻩﱋpain, suffering; ~-dân to take
pains; to go to trouble; to suffer
raq رﻩقstiff; ~ hał-hâtin v.i. to be
frozen stiff; ~-kirdin v.t. to freeze; ~u-hîshk i sar رﻩقوﻫ›ﺸﮑﯽ ﺳﻪرmadness
raqan رﻩﻗﻪنhard, stoney ground
rasan رﻩﺳﻪنpure, pure-blooded
rash رﻩشblack; ~abâ ¶ رﻩﺷـــﻪdust storm;
~mâl رﻩﺷــــﲈڵblack tent, nomadic tent;
~posh ﭙﯚش8 رﻩﺷclad in black
rashama رﻩﺷـــــﻪﻣـــــﻪthe month of Pisces
(February 20– March 20)
rat-dânawa رﻩت داﻧﻪوﻩv.t. to rouse
rawand رﻩوﻩﻧﺪnomad
rawâ-dîtin رﻩوا دﯾﱳv.t. to allow
rawg رﻩوگherd: ~ a asp herd of horses
rawisht رﻩوﺷﺖmanner
rawîn ﻦa رﻩوv.i. to shy, run away
razâ رﻩزاface, mien, aspect; ~girân dullard
razâmandî رﻩزاﻣـﻪﻧـﺪیagreement, acceptance
razbar رﻩزﺑــــــﻪرthe month of Libra (September 23–October 22)
razîl رﻩزﯾــــــﻞstingy, tightfisted; ~î stinginess
râ راview, opinion
râ- راcmpd. vb. agent; see under the verbal element: râ-bwârdin, râ-girtin, râhâtin, râ-henân, râ-keshân, râ-wastân
râ-bûn راﺑـﻮونto be awakened, roused; la
khaw ~ to be roused from sleep
râbirdû را–ـــﺮدووlast, past: rozh i shamma
i ~ last Saturday; la chand sada i ~’dâ
over the last several centuries
râburdû = راﺑﻮردووrâbirdû
râ-chanîn, la khaw ـﻪو را¸ـﻪﻧـﲔL v to wake
from sleep with a start
râchâw-kirdin ـــﺮدنB را¸ـــﺎوv.t. to choose,
select, elect
râda رادﻩdegree, extent: tâ ~yèk to an
extent; tâ chi ~yèk to what extent?
râgayândin ﻧﺪنpﮔﻪä رcommunications
râhat راﻫﻪتcomfortable
râhî راﻫﯽsolution; salvation
râ-kirdin ﺮدنBä رv.t. to run
râmyâr راﻣــــــــ;ــــــــﺎرshepherd, herdsman;
statesman, politician
rân1 رانherd
rân2 رانleg, thigh
rândin راﻧــــــﺪنren- ــــــﻦ¤ رv.t. to drive; to
throw (stones)
râspârda ﭙﺎردﻩ8 راﺳerrand, charge
râsperî ﺮیŒﭙ8 راﺳcharge, commission
râst راﺳـﺖright, correct, true; ~-bûnawa
to get up; ~-bûnawa la to loom over;
~aqîna ﻗ;ﻨـﻪ
را ــtruth: ~y bo darkawt
ﺘـﻪ ـ ـ8ﺳ
219
SORANI KURDISH
the truth dawned on him; ~awkho
ــــــﺘـــﻪوﺧـــﯚ8 راﺳstraight, direct: ~ biro go
straight ahead; ba ~î ـﱴ8 ﺑ ـﻪراﺳ ـactually,
really, frankly; dast i ~ right hand; ~î
ﱴ8 راﺳtruth
râtib راﺗـــــــــﺐsalary, stipend: ~ dadre ba
darskhwen u kârkar i dawlat stipends
are given to students and government
workers
râtu(a) راﺗﻮtheological student’s stipend
râva-kirdin ﺮدنB راوﻩv.t. to explain
râw راوprey, hunt; ~-kirdin v.t. to hunt;
~-nân v.t. to hunt down, track down:
polîs râwî nây the police tracked you
down; ~ařewî-henân bo ـــﺎن
ﻨ²ـﻮی ﻫlراوﻩڕ
ﺑـﯚv.t. to foxhunt; to sidetrack; ~ashaw
راوﻩﺷـــﻪوnight hunt; ~chî راوﭼـــﯽhunter,
out hunting; ~kar راوﮐــــﻪرhunter; ~- ushikâr راووﺷﲀرhunting
râwezh ـﮋ¤ راوspeaking (lagał with), manner of speaking
rây رایidea, plan
râyakh راﯾﻪخrug
râz رازconversation; story
râz|ân رازانrâze- رازێv.i. to be embellished; ~ândin رازاﻧــﺪنrâzen- ــﻦ¤ رازv.t.
to embellish; ~ândinawa رازاﻧـــﺪﻧـــﻪوﻩto
adorn, embellish
râzâwa رازاوﻩembellished, decorated
râzî رازیsatisfied, content; lakho~
ﺧﯚڕازیv self-satisfied
re رێway, road; ~-dân v.t. to admit,
allow in; ~-girtin v.t. to commit highway robbery; ~-kawtin la to chance
upon: ~m l’ aw jegâyá kawt I chanced
upon that place; ~ te-chûn to be possible; ba ~ kirdin v.t. to escort out/
away; ba ~wa birdin v.t. to lead,
manage, administer; ba ~wa kawtin
to get under way, hit the road; birdinà ba ~wa to carry out, execute; la ~ i
ﻰŠl رv by way of, through, via
rebandân ﺒــﻪﻧـﺪانl رthe month of Aquarius
(January 21– February 19)
rebar ـﺒﻪرl رleader, guide
rebwâr ـﺒﻮارl رwayfarer
rechâł ﺎڵÂlر, rechâr ﺎرÂl رmarmalade
rechka ﭽﮑـﻪl
ر ـ ـpath of a swarm of insects;
~-bastin v.t. to swarm (of insects); ~
hał-kirdin v.t. to send out a swarm
rega ـﮕـﻪ¤ رroad, way; la ~ i…awa via; ~girtin ba v.t. to stop, make halt: pâsawân rega’yân pe girt the guards
stopped him; ~-kutân v.t. to travel;
regâ ﮕﺎ¤ رroad; ~ i âsin railroad;
regir ﮕﺮ¤ رhighway robber, bandit
rek ــــﮏ¤ رsmooth, organized, correct; ~kawtin v.i. to go well, to be smoothly;
~-kawtin lagał v.i. to arrange with; ~khistin v.t. to rub together; to organize; to make up; to make a truce; ~kirdin v.t. to smooth, arrange; ~kewtin arrangement, agreement; ~-u-pek
ﮏ²ﮏوﭘ¤ رarranged, in order
rekawt ــــﮑــــﻪوت¤ رchance, accident: ba ~
by chance, by accident
renwen ـــﻦ¤ـــﻨـــﻮl رleader; ~î-kirdin v.t. to
lead
reřaw ﻩوgـــــــــ¤ رcrossroads; chance: ba ~
tûshî bûm I met him by chance
resh ﺶâ رwound, wounded
reushwen ﻦ¤ رێ و ﺷﻮway
rewân ﻮانl رguide
rewî ﻮیl رfox
rez1 ﺰ¤ = رrîz
rez2 ــــﺰ¤ رrespect; ~-girtin la v.t. to show
respect for; ~legîrâw ــــﮕــــﲑاو²ــــﺰﻟــــ¤ رrespected; ba~ ﺰ¤ ﺑﻪرrespected, eminent
rez-3 ﺰ¤ رpres. stem of ristin
reza ـــــﺰﻩ¤ رbit, little bit; la ~ i ...dâ equal
to: kichim la reza i kuř i aw’dâya my
daughter is equal to his son
rezh- ﮋ¤ رpres. stem of rishtin
rezmân ـﺰﻣـﺎن¤ رgrammar; ~î ـﺰﻣـﺎﱏ¤ رgrammatical
ridenspî ﯽŠﭙ8ﺴÀl ردelder
rif رفshelf
rifḥa = رﲿﻪrif
rikef ﻒ² رﮐstirrup
rim رمspear
220
SORANI–ENGLISH VOCABULARY
rimândin رﻣــــﺎﻧــــﺪنrimen- ــــﻦŒ رﻣــــv.t. to
destroy
rinân ر‡ن: dâ-~ v.t. to shed (skin,
clothes)
rinîn ﻧرـــــﲔv.t. to scratch with the fingernails; ~-awa ditto; qizh-~awa to pull
the hair out
riq رقspite, spitefulness; ~abar رﻗــــﻪﺑــــﻪر
spiteful rival; ~abarâyatî رﻗـــﻪﺑـــﻪراﯾـــﻪﰏ
spiteful rivalry
rishqanjâr رﺷﻘﻪﳒﺎرbutt of a joke
rishtin رﺷـﱳrezh- ـﮋ¤ رv.t. to pour; ~awa
ـﻪوﻩžـn رﺷـto pour, cast (metal), to stir up
trouble; dâ-~ = dâ-rizhândin; hał-~
to shed (tears)
rist رﺳﺖline, dog collar
rista ﺘﻪ8 رﺳnoodle; sentence
ristin رﺳﱳrez- ﺰ¤ رv.t. to spin (thread)
riwân روانv.i. to be green (of a field)
riwâłat ﻪتT رواmien
rizân رزانv.i. to rot; dâ-~ to be overcooked; to rot and fall to pieces
rizândin رزاﻧــﺪنrizen- ــﻦ¤ رزv.t. to make/
let rot
rizgâr رزﮔـﺎرsaved, rescued; ~-bûn v.i. to
be saved, to escape: rizgâryân bû they
were saved, they escaped; ~-kirdin
v.t. to rescue, to save: tanyâ to datwânî l’ am balâyá rizgârmân bikay
only you can save us from this catastrophe; ~î salvation, liberation, rescue; ~îkhwâz رزﮔــــﺎرﳜــــﻮازliberationist;
~kar رزﮔﺎرﮐﻪرrescuer, savior
rizhân رژانv.i. to pour out, be poured
out; dâ-~ to pour down, fall down
rizhândin رژاﻧـﺪنrizhen- ـﻦ¤ رژv.t. to pour
out; dâ-~ to pour, mold; lay (foundation)
rizhdî رژدیmiserliness, stinginess
rizhtin ﻦŽ = رژrishtin
rîkordar ﮑﯚردﻩرa رtape recorder
rîqna ﻪž رﯾﻘbird droppings
rîsh ر§ﺶbeard; ~-tâshîn v.t. to shave
rîsha ر§ﺸﻪroot
rîz1 ﺰa رsmall, tiny
rîz2 ــﺰa رline, rank: rîz i lashkir i duzhmin
enemy army ranks; ~-kirdin v.t. to
line up, arrange
ro = رۆrozh
rochin رۆﭼــــــﻦwindow, skylight: ~akán
bikaynawa let’s open the windows
roła ﻪT رۆchild
român رۆﻣﺎنstory
ron رۆنoil, grease, fat
roshin رۆﺷـﻦbright; ~bîr ـﲑÒـﻨـ8 رۆﺷـintellectual, enlightened; ~-kirdin v.t. to
light, turn on, start (machines)
Rostam ــــﺘــﻪم8 رۆﺳRustam, the legendary
champion of Iran
royshtin رۆ§ــﺸــﱳro- رۆv.i. to go (away,
off), leave
rozh رۆژday; ~âna رۆژاﻧ ـﻪdaily; ~(h)alât
تŸ رۆژﻫـــﻪeast, orient, dawn: rozhałât i
nâwrâst the Middle East; ~hałâtnâs
ﺗـــــﻨـــــﺎسŸ روژﻫـــــﻪorientalist; ~âwâ رۆژاوا
west; ~èkyân ـﮑ ـ; ـﺎن¤ رۆژone day; ~nâma رۆژ‡ﻣـــــــــــﻪnewspaper; ~nâmanûs
رۆژ‡ﻣﻪﻧﻮوسjournalist
rozhgâr رۆژﮔــــــــــــــﺎرdays, time: la ~ân i
kon’dâ in olden times; fate
rozhû رۆژووfasting; ~-girtin to fast
rukhân ـــــــــﺎنL روrukhe- ‰ روﺧـــــــــv.i. to
collapse
rukhândin ـﺎﻧـﺪنL روrukhen- ـﻦŒL
رو ـv.t. to
destroy, pull down
rukhsat روﺧ ـﺴ ـﻪتpermission; ~-dân v.t.
to give permission; ~-khwâstin la v.t.
to request permission of
rukhsâr روﺧﺴﺎرface
runâk = رو‡کrûnâk
ruwâłat ــــﻪتT رواobviousness; hypocrisy;
ba ~ obviously
rû رووface, aspect, mien; ~-dân v.t. to
happen, occur; ~-dân ba yek v.t. to
frown; ~-kirdin rwaw v.t. to face,
turn toward; ~-kirdinà … to face,
head for (s.o., s.th.); ~ ba ~ i face to
face with, opposite; ~ i dam kirdinà
… v.t. to turn to face …; ba ~ kho’dâ
henân to reveal; khistinà ~ v.t. to
221
SORANI KURDISH
bring to light, to reveal; l’ am ~áwa v
مرووﻩوﻩin this respect
rûbâr روو¶رriver
rûdiřâw روودڕاوevent
rûdâw رووداوevent, incident
rûgirzh رووﮔﺮژfrowning
rûkândin رووﰷﻧـــﺪنrûken- ـــﻦŒ رووﮐـــv.t. to
scratch
rûkâr رووﰷرcover
rûkhosh رووﺧـــــﯚشcheerful; ~î cheerfulness
rûmat رووﻣﻪتcheek
rûn روونbright, clear; ~-kirdin v.t. to
explain
rûnâk روو‡کbright; ~bîr ـــﺒـــﲑB‡ رووintellectual; ~î روو‡ﰽbrightness
rûpař رووﭘﻪڕpage
rûshân رووﺷـــﺎنv.i. to be scratched; ~din
رووﺷﺎﻧﺪنrûshen- ﻦŒ رووﺷv.t. to scratch
rût رووتnaked; ~al رووﺗـــــــﻪلnaked; ~alî
رووﺗﻪﱃnakedness
rûtâł ڵc رووfrowning, with a sour
expression
rûtan رووﺗﻪنwasteland, desert
rwaw روﻩوtoward
rwân روانrwe- روێv.i. to grow, sprout:
tokaî chândim rwâ the seed I planted
sprouted; ~ga ـﮕ ـﻪs رواstandpoint, viewpoint
rwânîn رواﻧــــــﲔv.t. to look; ~à ... to look
at: rwânîyânà min they looked at me;
hał-~ ba to look something over from
top to bottom, to give s.o. the “onceover”
sa = ﺳﻪsag
sa‘ât ﺳـﻪ`ـﺎتhour, clock, o’clock: la ~ (i)
chwâr-dâ at four o’clock
sabârat ba ﺳـﻪ¶رﻩت ﺑـﻪconcerning, about,
in terms of
sabîl ﺳﻪﺑﻴﻞtobacco pipe
sad ﺳﻪدhundred; ~a century
safar ﺳﻪﻓﻪرtrip; ~-kirdin v.t. to travel
sag ﺳــــــﻪگdog; ~ i pe-sûtâw wandering
aimlessly
sagasaga-kirdin ــﺮدنB ﺳــﻪﮔــﻪﺳــﻪﮔــﻪv.t. to
play ’possum
saghlat تƒ ﺳــﻪ™ــconfused, perplexed; ~î
ﰏƒ™ ﺳﻪconfusion
saḥrâ ﺳﻪﺣﺮاfield
sakht ﺳﻪﺧﺖhard, difficult
sako ﺳﻪﮐﯚbench
sakta ﮐﺘـﻪ
ﺳـﻪ ـheart attack; ~-kirdin v.t. to
have a heart attack
sałâ Ÿ ﺳـــــﻪresurrection; ro i ~ Ÿرۆى ﺳـــــﻪ
doomsday
salâmat ﺳـــﻪﻻﻣـــﻪتhealthy; ~î health; ba
~î in good health
sałmândin ـﲈﻧـﺪنT ﺳـﻪsałmen- ــﻦŒﻤT ﺳـﻪ ـv.t. to
prove, to accept
sałmenrân ـﲊان²ﻤT
ﺳـﻪ ـ ـsałmenre- ـﲊێ²ﻤT
ﺳـﻪ ـ ـ
v.p. to be proven
sałp ـﭗT ﺳـﻪoar; ~ândin ـﭙـﺎﻧـﺪنT ﺳـﻪsalpenﻦŒﭙT ﺳﻪv.t. to row
sałt ــــﺖT ﺳــــﻪsingle, unmarried; ~azalâm
ﺘﻪزﻩﻻمT ﺳﻪa solitary traveler on foot
samar ﺳﻪﻣﻪرfruit
samara ﺳــﻪﻣــﻪرﻩamazing: shitèk i sayr u
~ya it’s something amazing; toil
samâ ﺳﻪﻣﺎdance; ~-kirdin v.t. to dance
samâs ﺳﻪﻣﺎسpatient, calm
samâwar ﺳﻪﻣﺎوﻩرsamovar
sandin ﺳ ـﻪﻧ ـﺪنsen- ـﻦŒ ﺳ ـv.t. to take, take
hold of, get, buy
sangân ـــﮕـــﺎنs ﺳـــﻪsange- ‰ـــﮕـــs ﺳـــﻪv.i. to
weigh; ~din ﮕـﺎﻧـﺪنs ﺳـﻪ ـsangen- ـﻦŒﮕs
ﺳـﻪ ـ ـ
v.t. to weigh, evalute; hał-~din to
evaluate, assess
sangîn ﮕﲔs ﺳﻪheavy
sannalî ﺳﻪﻧﻨﻪﱃchair
sapân ﺳـــﻪﭘـــﺎنv.i. to be imposed, forced;
~din ﺳـﻪﭘـﺎﻧـﺪنsapen- ـﻦŒ ﺳـﻪﭘـv.t. to impose
saqat ﺳ ـﻪﻗ ـﻪتdangerous: pyâwèk i saqat
a— nâwerim bichimà lây he’s a dangerous man—I don’t dare go near him
Saqiz ﻗــــــﻪﻗــــــﺰSaqqez, a town in Iranian
Kurdistan
saqâ ﺳﻪﻗﺎwatercarrier, waterseller
sar ﺳـﻪرhead (verbal expressions involv-
222
SORANI–ENGLISH VOCABULARY
ing sar are given below; for all other
compounds, see alphabetically): ~ âw
chûnawa v.i. to go to the bathroom; ~
bilind-kirdinawa v.t. to rebel; ~ dânwândin ba to bow the head to; la ~
dân v.t. to decapitate; ~ dar-henân
v.t. to appear: gyâ sar’î darhenâwa
the plants have appeared; to stick the
head out: sar’î la panjara darhenâ
she stuck her head out of the window;
~ kho hâtin v.i. to recover; ~ la farmân i … hał-pechân to disobey; ~ la
re dân v.t. to disappoint: sar’mân la
re’t dâya you’ve disappointed us; ~birdin v.t. to spend (time); ~ chamândin v.t. to lower the head, to give
up, submit; ~-dar-chûn la v.i. to
understand: sarim le darnâche I don’t
understand; ~-dâ-nawândin v.t. to
lower the head; ~-dân la v.t. to visit,
go to see; ~-gum-kirdin v.t. to get
excited; ~-hał-girtin v.t. to break the
reins; ~-keshân v.t. to peek; ~ khistinà ~ v.t. to tease: saryân khistà sarmân they teased us; ~-khulânawa v.i.
to be dizzy; kirdinà ~… v.t. to impose on, charge with: pâshâ dakâtà
sar âshawân kichaká’y bidâtè the
king forces the miller to give him his
daughter; ba ~ kirdinawa v.t. to visit;
~ le-shewân v.i. to be helpless, in distress; ~-nânawa v.t. to lay one’s head
down (to sleep): dabûâya sarî be
shew binetawa he would have had to
lay his head down without supper;
~pechî-kirdin v.t. to be obstinate; ~spârdin ba v.t. to rely totaly upon:
sar’im pe daspere she relies totally
upon me; ~-tâshîn v.t. to have a haircut; ~udar dar-kirdin la v.t. to understand: l’ am kârá sarudar darnâkam I don’t understand this; ba ~
hâtin v.i. to happen; birdinà ~ v.t. to
spend (time); hâtinà ~ v.i. to think, to
come to mind: hâtûtà sarim bichim bo
shâr it has come to my mind to go to
town
sarabahâr ﺳﻪرﻩﺑﻪﻫﺎرbeginning of spring
sarak ﺳــــــــــــﻪرﻩکhead, chief, president:
sarak wazîrân prime minister; ~î
ﺳﻪرﻩﰽmain, chief
sar’anjâm ﺳﻪرﺋﻪﳒﺎمin the end, finally
sarařâ i ﺳﻪرﻩڕایin addition to
sarařo ﺳﻪرﻩڕۆheadstrong
saratâ c ﺳﻪرﻩbeginning
sarawa ﺳﻪرﻩوﻩupward
sarawgird ﺳﻪرﻩوﮔﺮدguardian (of a child)
sarawkhwâr ﺳﻪرﻩوﺧﻮارheaded down
sarawzher ﺮ¤ ﺳﻪرﻩوژheaded down
sarawzhûr ﺳﻪرﻩوژوورheaded up
sarâ ﺳﻪراgovernment building
sarâpâ ﺳـــــﻪراﭘـــــﺎfrom head to foot, completely
sarâw ﺳﻪراوspring
sarbadarawa ﺳــــﻪرﺑــــﻪدﻩرﻩوﻩwell-known,
famous
sarbakho ﺳـﻪرﺑـﻪﺧـﯚindependent; ~î independence
sarbaraw|zher(a) (ـﺮ)ه¤ ﺳـﻪرﺑـﻪرﻩوژheaded
down; ~zhûr(a) ﺳـــﻪرﺑـــﻪرﻩوژوورﻩheaded
up
sarbarz ﺳــــﻪرﺑــــﻪرزhonorable, respected,
with one’s head held high
sarbast ﺳـــﻪرﺑـــﻪﺳـــﺖfree, independent; ~î
freedom, independence
sarbân ﺳﻪر¶نroof
sarbâz ﺑﻪر¶زsoldier; ~î military
sarbilind ﺳﻪرﺑﻠﻨﺪproud
sarbiř g ﺳــــــﻪر–ــــــshortcut: ~ royshtim, zû
gayshtim I took a shortcut and got
here early
sarburd ﺳﻪرﺑﻮردadventure
sarbûrî ﺳﻪرﺑﻮوریadventure
sarchâwa ﺳــــــﻪر¸ــــــﺎوﻩsource, spring; ~girtin la v.t. to originate with
sarchopî ﯽŠ ﺳـــﻪرﭼـــﯚﭘـــleadership of a ring
dance
sardam ﺳـﻪردﻩمmoment; ~è(k) ﺳـﻪردﻩ ـﻣ´ـﮏ
all at once; ~î ﺳﻪردﻩﻣﯽtemporary
sardast ﺳـﻪردﻩﺳـﺖsleeve; ~akî ﺘــﻪﰽ8ﺳـﻪردﻩﺳـ
223
SORANI KURDISH
standing (doing something normally
done seated or lying down): ~ tifang’î
hâwîsht he fired the rifle standing
sardân i ﺳﻪرداﱏvisit to
sardâr ﺳﻪر¶رleader, chief
saren ﻦ¤ ﺳﻪرlifetime
saresha ﺸـﻪâﺳـﻪر ـ, sareshân ﺸـﺎنâ ﺳـﻪر ـheadache
sargardânî ﺳﻪرﮔﻪرداﱏperplexity
sargarmkar ﺳﻪرﮔﻪرﻣﮑﻪرamusing
sargirân ﺳﻪرﮔﺮانlazy, drunk
sargurushta ﺘﻪ8 ﺳﻪرﮔﻮروﺷadventure
sarhât ﺳﻪرﻫﺎتevent
sarinj ﺳــــــﻪرﱋscrutiny, investigation; ~dân la to scrutinize, investigate closely; ~ râ-keshan v.t. to attract the attention; ~râkesh ﺶŒﮐä ﺳﻪرﳒﺮattractive
sarîn ﻦa ﺳﻪرpillow
sarjam ﺳ ـﻪر• ـﻪمcollection, ensemble, altogether; ba ~ together with; ~gal ﺳـــﻪ
ر¸ﻪﻣﮕﻪلcommunity
sarkawtû ﺳـــﻪرﮐـــﻪوﺗـــﻮوsuccessful, having
attained one’s desire, having made an
achievement; ~âna ﺳـﻪرﮐـﻪوﺗـﻮواﻧـﻪtriumphantly
sarkhosh ﺳﻪرﺧﯚشdrunk
sarkird|a ـﺮدﻩB ﺳـﻪرcommander, leader; ~aî
ـﺮدﻩﰃB ﺳـﻪرleadership, command; ~âyatî
ﺮداﯾﻪﰏB ﺳﻪرleadership
sarkomâr ﺳﻪرﮐﯚﻣﺎرpresident
sarkona ﺳﻪرﮐﯚﻧﻪreproach, rebuke
sarkwer ﺮ¤ﻮB ﺳﻪرstupid
sarleshewâw ﻮاو²8ﺸŒ ﺳﻪرﻟdistressed
sarmashq ﺳ ـﻪرﻣ ـﻪﺷ ـﻖlesson; hâtinà ~ to
serve as an example
sarmâ ﺳـﻪرﻣـﺎcold, coldness; ~-khwârdin
v.t. to catch cold
sarmâwaz ﺳـــﻪرﻣـــﺎوﻩزthe month of Sagittarius (November 22–December 21)
sarnâs ﺳﻪر‡سfamous, well-known
sarok ﺳـــﻪرۆکleader; ~âyatî ﺳـــﻪرۆﰷﯾـــﻪﰏ
leadership
sarparisht ﺳﻪرﭘﻪرﺷﺖchief, head
sarpech ﭻ² ﺳﻪرﭘobstinate, refractory
sarpiř gº ﺳﻪرbrimful
sarpot ﺳﻪرﭘﯚتdesultory, superficial
sarqâp ﺳﻪرﻗﺎپlid
sarqâfilachî ‰ﭼƒ ﺳﻪرﻗﺎﻓcaravan leader
sarraq ﺳﻪررﻩقstubborn
sarrâ ﺳـﻪرراin addition; by the by; on the
way
sarrishta ﺘﻪ8 ﺳﻪررﺷexpertise
sarrût ﺳﻪررووتbareheaded, schoolchild
sarsarî ﺳﻪرﺳﻪریflighty, empty-headed
sarsâm ﺳﻪرﺳﺎمperplexed, dumbfounded
sarshoř ﺳﻪرﺷﯚڕhumiliated
sarsuřmân ﺳـــﻪرﺳـــﻮڕﻣـــﺎنamazement: ba
sarsuřmânawa gutim I said with
amazement
sartâsh شc ﺳـــــــﻪرbarber; ~khâna ﺳـــــــﻪ
ﺎﻧﻪØﺷc رbarbershop
sartop ﺳــــﻪﺗرــــﯚپunrivaled (in beauty or
bravery): l’ am nâwá’dâ ~a he is
unrivaled in these parts
sarugwelâk ﻼکl ﺳﻪروﮔﻮform, shape
sarwar ﺳﻪروﻩرleader; ~î leadership
saryek ﺳﻪرﯾﻪکaltogether
sarzawî ﺳﻪرزﻩویearth, land
sarzârakî ﺳﻪرزارﻩﰽall talk and no action
sarzârî ﺳﻪرزاریtalk, speech
sarzhimârî ﺳﻪرژﻣﺎریcensus
sawa ﺳﻪوﻩbasket
sawdâ ﺳــــﻪوداcommerce, trade; love; eczema; ~î ﺳـــــــﻪوداﰃafflicted with eczema; violently in love
sawr ﺳــــــــــــﻪورslowly: ~ qsa bika speak
slowly
sawz ﺳﻪۆزgreen
say = ﺳﻪیsag
sayâra رﻩp ﺳﻪautomobile
saydawân ﺳﻪﯾﺪﻩوانhunter
sayid ﺳـﻪﯾـﺪsayyid, title borne by descendants of the Prophet Muhammad
sayr ـﺮa ﺳـﻪstrange, odd: ~a that’s odd; ~kirdin v.t. to look: sayr i amá ka look
at this!
sayrân ـﺮانa ﺳـﻪouting, trip; ~gar ﮕـﻪرsـﺮا ـaﺳـﻪ
excursioner, tourist
sâ1 ﺳﺎthen, so
sâ2 ﺳـــــﺎshadow; na bikay na bikhoy, har
224
SORANI–ENGLISH VOCABULARY
tamâshâ i sâ i gardinî bikay you
wouldn’t be able to do anything or eat
anything, you’d just look at the shadow of her neck (an expression for being mesmerized by beauty)
sâbûn ﺳﺎﺑﻮونsoap
sâda ﺳﺎدﻩsimple
sâgh ﺳـــﺎغwhole, hail, healthy; ~î ﺳـــﺎﻏـــﯽ
health; ~-bûnawa to reach a conclusion, come to an end
sâkâr ﺳ˜ﰷرstraightforward
sâkhta ﻪµ ﺳﺎﺧfabricated, false
sâkhtimân ن0 ﺳﺎﺧbuilding
sâł ﺳﺎڵyear; ~gâr a long period of time
sâm ﺳــــــــــــــﺎمfear: sâm’î le nîsht he was
gripped by fear; ~nâk ــﺎکž ﺳـﺎﻣfrightful;
ba~ ﺑــﻪﺳــﺎمfearful, terrible; piř~ ﺳــﺎمgــº
fearful, frightful
sâmâł ﺳﺎﻣﺎڵclear (sky, weather)
sândin ﺳﺎﻧﺪنsen- ﻦŒ = ﺳsitândin
sâqata ﺳﺎﻗﻪﺗﻪtree trunk
sârd ﺳـﺎردcold; ~î coldness; ~î u garmî i
zhyân dîtin to have much experience
in life
sârghî ﺳﺎرﻏﯽbandage
sâřezh ـــﮋ¤ ﺳـــﺎڕhealed; ~-bûn v.i. to heal
(wound)
Sâsânî ﺳﺎﺳﺎﱏSassanian
sât ﺳــــــــﺎتtime, moment; la dwâ ~ i aw
rozhá in the aftermath of that day
sâwân ﺳــــﺎوانsâw- ﺳــــﺎوv.t. to rub, wear
down
sâwîlka ﺳﺎوﯾﻠﮑﻪpoor, beggarly
sâya ﺳـﺎﯾـﻪshadow; la ~ i ﺳـﺎﯾـﻪىv because
of, on account of
sâz ﺳـــــــــــــﺎزmusical instrument; happy;
wealthy; ready; baggage; ~inda ﺎزـﺪﻩ
ﺳـ ﻧ
musician; ~-kirdin v.t. to construct;
~-krân la v.p. to be constructed of
sbayn|î ﺒــﻪﯾـﲎ8 ﺳـtomorrow; bo ~e >ﺒــﻪﯾـ8ﺑـﯚ ﺳـ
the next morning, tomorrow morning
sbene >Œﺒ8 = ﺳsbaynî
se ‰ ﺳـthree; ~ham ـﻬـﻪم²ــ8 ﺳthird; ~shamma ﺸـﻪﳑـﻪŒﺳ
ـ ـTuesday; ~-u-dû-(le) kirdin v.t. ــﺮدن6 (‰ و دوو )ﻟــ‰ ﺳــto hesitate,
waffle; be seudû lekirdin و دوو‰ ﺳـــ/
ﮑﺮدن² ﻟwithout hesitation
sebar ﻪرmŒ ﺳshadow
sedâra ﺪارﻩ²8 ﺳgallows
sełâw و˲8 ﺳflood, deluge
sew ﻮ²8 ﺳapple
shabaq ﺷــــﻪﺑــــﻪقdawn; ~-dân v.t. imprs.
for dawn to break: wirda wirda shabaqî dadâ little by little dawn was
breaking
shakat ﺷﻪﮐﻪتtired; ~î exhaustion
shakând- = ﺷﻪﰷﻧﺪshikândshakhs ﺷﻪﺧﺲperson, personage
shałâł ڵŸ ﺷــــــــــــــــــﻪsteeped; la khwen ~
steeped in blood
shamcha ﻪÂ ﺷﻪﻣmatch
shamma ﺷﻪﳑﻪSaturday
shamshama ﺷـﻪ ـﻣﺸـﻪﻣـﻪbat; ~kwera ﺷـﻪ ـﻣﺸـﻪ
ﺮﻩ¤ﻮB ﻣﻪbat
shan ﺷﻪنwinnowing
shap ﺷﻪپslap
shapoł ﺷﻪﭘﯚڵwave
shaq ﺷــــــــﻪقslap, kick; ~ hał-dân ba to
kick; ba ~ pe-kirdin to kick around:
ba shaq tarâten i hawshaká’yân pe
kirdim they kicked me all around the
courtyard; ~-birdin v.t. to crack, split;
to go to pieces, to fly into a rage
shaqa ﺷــــــﻪﻗــــــﻪflutter, sound of a bird’s
wing in flight; dân la ~ i bâl v.t. to
flap the wings
shaqâm ﺷﻪﻗﺎمstreet
shaqâw ﺷﻪﻗﺎوbig step
shaqqa = ﺷﻪﻗﻘﻪshaqa
shař ﺷــــﻪڕfight; ~-kirdin v.t. to fight; ~nânawa v.t. to stir up war; ~ajwenkirdin dagal ـﺮدن دﻩﮔـﻪڵB ـﻦ¤ ﺷـﻪڕﻩﺟـﻮv.t.
to exchange curses with; ~agařak ﺷـــﻪ
ڕﻩﮔـــــــــﻪڕﻩکwar between city quarters,
civil war; ~ânî ﺷﻪڕاﱏhostile
sharm ﺷــــــــــــﻪرمshame, embarrassment:
sharm girtimî I was embarrassed;
~azâr ﺷﻪرﻣﻪزارembarrassed
sharwâł ﺷﻪرواڵpants, trousers
shash ﺷﻪشsix; ~am ﺷﻪﺷﻪمsixth
225
SORANI KURDISH
shatak-dân ﺷﻪﺗﻪک دانto tie up tight
shaw ﺷـــﻪوnight; am~ ﺋـــﻪﻣـــﺸـــﻪوtonight;
~chara ﺷ ـﻪو¸ ـﻪرﻩbanquet; ~è ﺷ ـﻪوێby
night; ~gâr ﺷﻪوﮔﺎرall night long
shaytân ﺷﻪﯾﺘﺎنSatan, the devil
shâ ﺷـﺎking; ~nishîn ﺸـﲔë ﺷـﺎ ـcapital; ~rag
ﺷﺎرﻩگartery
shâbâł ﺷﺎ¶ڵwing feather
shâd ﺷـﺎدhappy; ~î joy, rejoicing; ~-bûn
v.i. to rejoice at seeing someone from
whom one has been separated
shâdimânî ﺷﺎدﻣﺎﱏgaity, joy
shâgashka ﺷﮑـﻪ
ﺷـ˜ﮔـﻪ ـoverjoyed, about to
faint from joy
shâhîd ﺷﺎﻫﻴﺪwitness
shâkh ﺷﺎخmountain; horn
shâłîna ﻴﻨﻪT ﺷﺎa square of woolen cloth
shâłłâ ËــT ﺷــﺎI wish (+ past cond.) shâłłâ
bíhâtîtâya I wish you had come
shân ﺷـــــــﺎنshoulder; ~-dânà bar v.t. to
undertake
shân-dân ﺷﺎن دانv.t. to show
shâno ﺷﺎﻧﯚstage
shânâzî ﺷــﺎ‡زیpride; ~-kirdin ba v.t. to
take pride in
shâr ﺷــــﺎرcity; ~azâ ﺷــــﺎرﻩزاurbane, citified; ~azâ la knowledgeable, expert
in; ~ângař ــــﮕــــﻪڕs ﺷــــﺎراworld traveler;
~badar ﺷــــﺎرﺑــــﻪدﻩرexiled, driven from
town; ~istâniyatî ﺘـﺎ ـﻧﻴـﻪﰏ8ﺳ
ﺷـﺎر ــcivilization; ~î ﺷـﺎریurban; ~ochka ﺷـﺎرۆﭼـﮑـﻪ
town; ~oka ﺷﺎرۆﮐﻪtown
shârdin ﺷـــﺎردنshâr- ﺷـــﺎر: ~-awa v.t. to
hide, conceal
shâro ﺷﺎرۆa sheaf of reaped wheat
shât u shût ﺷﺎت و ﺷﻮوتbragging
shâyî = ﺷـــﺎﱙshâdî; ~ u zamâwand kirdin lagał to get married to
shena ﻪžŒ ﺷbreeze; ~î patience, stealth
sher ﺮŒ ﺷlion; ~panja ﺮﭘﻪﳒﻪŒ ﺷcancer
shet ــﺖŒ ﺷــcrazy; ~-bûn v.i. to go crazy;
~khâna ﺎﻧﻪصŒ ﺷinsane asylum
shew1 ﻮ²8 ﺷdinner, evening meal
shew2 ﻮ²8 = ﺷshîw
shewa ـــــﻮﻩ²ــــــــــ
8 ﺷstyle, manner; dialect;
~zwân ﻮﻩزوان²8 ﺷdialect
shewała ﻪTﻮﻩ²8 ﺷvery small valley
shewân ـﻮان²8ﺷ
ــshewe- ـﻮێ²8ﺷ
ــv.i. to be in
distress; ~din ـﻮاﻧـﺪن²8ﺷ
ــshewen- ـﻦ¤ـﻮ²8ﺷ
ــ
v.t. to cause distress
shewâz ﻮاز²8 = ﺷshîwâz
shikaft ﺷﮑﻪﻓﺖcave
shikân ﺷﲀنshke- ‰ ﺷﮑv.i. to break
shikândin ﺷــﲀﻧــﺪنshken- ــﻦŒ ﺷــﮑــv.t. to
break, to vanquish, to dishonor
shikâr ﺷﲀرhunting
shikeř gŒ ﺷﮑmountain crag
shikhâta ﺎﺗﻪØ ﺷmatches
shikift = ﺷﮑﻔﺖshikaft
shikist ﺷـــﮑـــﺴـــﺖdefeat; ~-henân v.t. to
defeat; ~-khwârdin v.t. to be defeated
shil ﺷــــــــﻞloose, weak, flabby; wet, watery; ~-kirdin v.t. to loosen, untie (a
knot); ~~-kutân v.t. to beat to a pulp:
shilshil kutâyânim they beat me to a
pulp
shiłazhân ـﻪژانkﺷ
ـshiłazhe- ـﻪژێkﺷ
ـv.i. to
get confused
shiłâp پË ﺷsplash
shiller ﺮŒ ﺷﻠﻠa type of tulip
shiłpa ـــﭙـــ ﻪk ﺷـــsplat, splash; (meta.) very
greasy pilaf
shimak ﴰﻪکbelongings
shimqâr ﴰﻘﺎرhawk
shimsher ﺮŒ ﴰﺸsword
shinashin ﻨﻪﺷﻦ8 ﺷhuffing and puffing
shingił-dân دانÇـﻨـﮕـ8 ﺷـv.t. to bestir oneself
shinîn ﻨـﲔ8ﺷ
ــv.i. to blow (wind); ~awa to
blow (in the wind)
shipirza ﺮزﻩÎ ﺷscattered, distracted
shiř-u-wiř-bûn و وڕ ﺑــــــــﻮونg ﺷــــــــto be
ripped: kirâsakám shiřuwiřbûwa my
shirt is ripped and torn
shirîkhândin ﴍﳜـﺎﻧـﺪنshirîkhen- ـﻦŒﳜ
ﴍـ
v.t. to roar
shit ﺷﺖthing
shitin ﺷـــﱳsho- ( ﺷـــﯚv.t.; 3rd sing. pres.
shwâ) to wash; ~awa to wash again
shîla ƒﻴ8 ﺷjuice
226
SORANI–ENGLISH VOCABULARY
shîn1 ﺷـــــﲔdark blue, dark green; ~-bûn
to become green (plants); ~-bûnawa
la v.i. (1) to importune, pester: to bo
la min shîn bûyawa u das bar nâday?
why are you pestering me so incessantly?; (2) to turn blue from laughter:
la pekanîn shîn bûmawa I died laughing
shîn2 ﺷﲔwail, lament
shînatî ﻪﰏž› = ﺷshînaward
shînaward ـﻪوﻩردžﺷ ـ› ـ/shînawird ـﻪوردžﺷ ـ› ـ
summer garden
shîr ﺷﲑmilk; sword
shîrîn ﻦa ﺷﲑsweet, nice
Shîrîn ـــﻦa ﺷـــﲑShirin, Armenian princess
and wife of the Sassanian Chosroës
Parvez
shîsh ﺷـ›ـﺶskewer, stake; ~a ﺷـ›ـﺸـﻪbottle; skewer
shîw ﻴﻮ8 ﺷnarrow valley
shîwâz ﻴﻮاز8 ﺷappearance, form
sho ﺷـﯚlimit, boundary; be~ ﺸـﯚŒﺑ
ــwithout
limit
sho- ﺷﯚpres. stem of shitin
shokh ﺷـــﯚخgraceful, beautiful; jokester;
~ u shang ـﮓs ﺷ ـﯚخ و ﺷ ـﻪbeautiful, enchanting
shon ﺷــﯚنtrace; ~gîrî-kirdin v.t. to pursue, look for
shoř-kirdin(awa) ـــﺮدﻧـــﻪوﻩB ﺷـــﯚڕv.t. to let
down, lower; mil ~-kirdin to bend the
neck, submit; sar ~-kirdin to bow the
head
shorbâ ¶ ﺷﯚرsoup, broth
shorish ﺷﯚرشuprising, rebelion
shu ﺷﻮplow; ~-kirdin v.t. to plow
shubât ﺷﻮ¶تFebruary
shukir ﺮB ﺷﻮgratitude
shurdin ﺷﻮردنshur- ﺷﻮرv.t. to wash
shû ﺷـﻮوhusband; ~-kirdin v.t. to marry:
khwayshkim shûy-kird my sister got
married; ba ~ dân v.t. to marry (a
girl) off: dagâtà taman i bashûdân
she is reaching a marriageable age
shûm ﺷﻮومill-omened, gloomy
shûra ﺷﻮورﻩcity wall
shûraî ﺷﻮورﻩﰃshame, disgrace
shûsha ﺷﻮوﺷﻪglass; ~band windshield
shwâ(t) (( ﺷــــﻮا)تthird sing. pres. of shitin)
shwân ﺷﻮانshepherd
shwen ــﻦ¤ ﺷــﻮplace; ~ a gishtîakân public places; ~ … kawtin v.i. to follow,
pursue, chase: shwen kilâw i bâbirdû
kawtûa he’s on a wild goose chase;
ba ~ regâ i …dâ gařân to look for a
way to …; ~awâr ــــﻨــــﻪوارl ﺷــــﻮremain,
monument, ruin; ~awârî ــــﻨــــﻪواریlﺷــــﻮ
monumental
sifat ﺳﻔـﻪت
ـfidelity; ba~ ﺳﻔـﻪت
ﺑـﻪ ـfaithful;
be~ ﺳــﻔــﻪت/ unfaithful; be~î ﺳــﻔــﻪﰏ/
infidelity
sija ﲭﻪred
sik ﺳــــــﮏbelly, womb; ~-dâ-nân v.t. to
give birth; ~-kirdin v.t. to get pregnant
sika ﺳﮑﻪcoin
sikâłâ Ÿ ﺳﲀcomplaint
sikirter ﺮŒ ﺳﮑﺮﺗsecretary
sim ﰟhoof; ~kol-kirdin ـﺮدنB ﲰ ـﮑ ـﯚلv.t.
to stomp the hooves on the ground
simt ﲰﺖside
sindûq ﻨﺪووق8 ﺳbox
sing ﻨﮓ8 ﺳstake, peg
sinif ﻨﻒ8 ﺳclass
sinoq ﻨﯚق8ﺳ, sinûq ﻨﻮوق8 ﺳchest, trunk
sinûr ﻨﻮور8 ﺳboundary, border
sip ﺳـﭗperfect; ~ ﺳـﭗ و ﺳـﺎغu sâgh hail
and hearty
sipâ ﭙﺎ8 ﺳarmy
sipła ﻪkﭙ8 ﺳunfaithful; ~î infidelity
siraw|ân ﴎﻩوانsirawe- ﴎﻩوێv.i. to
become calm, be at rest
sirawândin ﺳــﻬــﺮﻩواﻧــﺪنsirawen- ــﻦ¤ﴎﻩو
v.t. to make calm; to strike; kho-~ la
to hit against, collide with
sirinj = ﴎﱋsarinj
siřînawa ﯾﻨﻪوﻩg ﺳv.t. to wipe clean
sirkândin ﴎﰷﻧـــﺪنsirken- ـــﻦŒ ﴎﮐـــv.t. to
mutter
227
SORANI KURDISH
sirta ﴎﺗﻪwhisper
sirtândin ﻧــــﺪنc ﴎsirten- ــــﻦŒﴎــــ
ﺗv.t. to
whisper
sirusht ﴎوﺷﺖnature
sirûd ﴎوودanthem
sirwa ﴎوﻩbreeze
sitam ﺘـﻪم8ﺳ
ــbad, grievous: châkbûnaway
zor ~a prospects for his recovery are
very slim
sitândin ــﺘـﺎﻧـﺪن8 ﺳsiten- ـﻦŒــﺘـ8 ﺳv.t. to get,
take, buy; hał-~ to flush (animals) out
of their holes, lairs, &c.
siyâs|at ــــــﻴـــﺎﺳـــﻪت
8 ﺳpolitics; ~atmadâr
ﻴﺎﺳﻪﲤﻪدار8 ﺳpolitician; ~î ﻴﺎﳻ8 ﺳpolitical
Siyâwish ـــﻴـــﺎوش8 ﺳـــSiyawush, son of the
Iranian shah Kay-Kaus
sîkatora ﻴﮑﻪﺗﯚرﻩ8 ﺳgizzard
sîlâ ــﻴـﻼ8 ﺳhole; ~mîsh ــﻴـﻼﻣـ›ـﺶ8 ﺳmousehole
sîng ﮓž› ﺳbreast
sînî ﺳ›ﲎtray
sîs ﺳ›ﺲwithered; ~-bûn to wither
słâw وË ﺳــــــgreetings; ~-kirdin la v.t. to
greet; ~-sandinawa v.t. to acknowledge a greeting: slâw’yân nasandînawa they did not acknowledge our
greeting
so ﺳﯚdoubt; be~ ﺴﯚŒ ﺑdoubtless(ly)
sok ﺳــــــﯚکlight, lightweight: ~ u hâsân
ﺳـﯚکوﻫـﺎﺳـﺎنeasy: zhyân boy sok u hâsân bû life was easy for him
songa ﮕﻪs ﺳﯚreason; la ~ i because of
sorâgh ﺳـــﯚراغtrace; ~-kirdin v.t. to look
for, search out; hâtinà ~ v.i. to come
after, to come looking for: hâtà sorâghim dâwâ i qarzaká’y kird he came
looking for me to ask for his loan
back; ~ i … pirsîn la to ask (s.o.) the
whereabouts of …; be~ ـــﺴـــﯚراغŒ ﺑـــlost,
disappeared without a trace
sorâkh = ﺳﯚراخsorâgh
spâ ﭙﺎ8 = ﺳsipâ
spârdin ﭙﺎردن8 ﺳsper- ﺮŒﭙ8 ﺳv.t. to entrust
spâs ﭙﺎس8 ﺳthanks; ~-kirdin v.t. to thank
spî ﯽŠﭙـ8ﺳ
ــwhite; ~-kirdinawa v.t. to whi-
ten, to bleach
suâlkar ﮑﻪر¢ ﺳﻮاbeggar
suja = ﺳﻮ•ﻪsija
suk = ﺳﻮکsok
sułtân ﺘﺎنT ﺳﻮsultan, ruler
supâ ﺳﻮﭘﺎarmy
supâs = ﺳﻮﭘﺎسspâs
surâkh = ﺳﻮراخsorâgh
surisht = ﺳﻮرﺷﺖsirusht
sûch ﺳﻮوچcorner
sûd ﺳﻮودprofit, benefit
Sûdâba ﺳـــــﻮوداﺑـــــﻪSudaba, wife of KayKaus and step-mother of Siyawush
sûk ﺳـــــﻮوکlight in weight; deprecation,
contempt: khałk ba sûkawa ley dařwânîn the people were looking at
him with contempt; ~-kirdin v.t. to
lighten (a weight), thin out; to deprecate
sûr (1) ﺳــــــــﻮورred; ~-kirdin-awa v.t. to
fry, saute; gul a ~ rose; châw ~kirdinawa la v.t. to glare at: kârakar
châw’î le sûr kirdimawa the servant
glared at me; (2) insistent, determined; ~ lasar determined to; ~âî
ﺳﻮوراﰃredness
sûř ﺳـــــــــــﻮوڕspin; ~-mân to spin: sarî ~
damene his head is spinning
sûřân ﺳـــــﻮوڕانsûře- ﺳـــــﻮوڕێv.i. to turn
around, to circle around; ~-awa to
walk about, stroll; hał-~ to spin, be
moved; to evolve
sûřândin ﺳـﻮوڕاﻧـﺪنsûřen- ـﻦ¤ ﺳـﻮوڕv.t. to
turn, spin; hał-~ to turn, spin, accomplish (a task)
sûtân نc ﺳﻮوsûte- ì ﺳﻮوv.i. to burn
sûtândin ﻧ ـﺪنc ﺳ ـﻮوsûten- ـﻦŒ ﺳ ـﻮوﺗ ـv.t. to
burn
sûzyân نp ﺳﻮوزsûz- ﺳﻮوزv.i./t. to burn
swâłat ﻪتT ﺳﻮاpottery
swân ﺳﻮانswe- ﺳﻮێv.t. to rub
swâr ﺳــــــــﻮارhorseman, mounted; ~ i …
bûn to get in, ride in/on (vehicle); ~ i
… kirdin v.t. to mount on, let into (a
vehicle): swâr i karèkyân kird they
228
SORANI–ENGLISH VOCABULARY
put him on a donkey
swe ﺳـــــــﻮێlonging, yearning, regret; ~bûnawa to yearn for someone, to pine
swend ـــﻨـــﺪl ﺳـــﻮoath; ~-khwârdin v.t. to
take an oath, to swear: swend’im bo
dakhoy beytawa? do you swear to me
you’ll come back?
swenka ﻨﮑﻪl ﺳﻮdregs, swill
Swîs ﺳﻮ§ﺲSwitzerland; ~î Swiss
tabaq ﺗﻪﺑﻪقplatter
tadârak ﺗـــــﻪدارﻩکpreparations; ~-kirdin
v.t. to prepare: ~ i safar’im bo âmâda
bikan let them prepare for me the paraphernalia for a journey
tafâwat ﺗﻪﻓﺎوﻩتdifference
tagara ﺗﻪﮔﻪرﻩwheel (of cart, carriage)
tagbîr ﺗﻪﮔﺒﲑplan, plot
tak ﺗﻪکnear, next to, opposite
takân ﺗــــﻪﰷنmotion; ~-dân v.t. to shake;
~-khwârdin v.t. to move, budge:
pyâwaká takân’î nakhwârd the man
didn’t budge
takândin ﺗـــﻪﰷﻧـــﺪنtaken- ـــﻦŒ ﺗـــﻪﮐـــv.t. to
shake; hał-~ ditto; râ-~ ditto
takîn-awa la v ﻴﻨﻪوﻩB ﺗﻪv.i. to avoid
takht ﺗ ـﻪﺧ ـﺖsmooth, flat; throne, bed; ~kirdin v.t. to flatten; ~ i zawî kirdin
v.t. to flatten to the ground; to wipe
out; ~ u tânj ﱋc ﺗــــــﻪﺧــــــﺖوthrone and
crown; la sar ~ dâ-nân v.t. to seat on
the throne, to enthrone
takhta ــﻪµ ﺗـﻪﺧboard, slab; ~-bûn v.i. to be
boarded shut: bâzâr ~ ya the market’s
boarded shut; ~-kirdin v.t. to board
up: dukânakáy ~ kirâwa his shop has
been boarded up; ~rash ـــــﻪرﻩشµﺗـــــﻪﺧـــــ
blackboard
ta’kîd ـﮑ ـ; ـﺪC ﺗ ـﻪaffirmation; ~-kirdinawa
lasar to reaffirm
takûz ــــﻮوزB ﺗــــﻪordered, organized; ~î ﺗــــﻪ
ﻮوزىB orderliness, organization
tała ـﻪT ﺗـﻪtrap, snare; ~-nânawa v.t. to lay
a trap
tałaba ﻪﺑﻪT ﺗﻪstudent
talafon ﻓﯚنv ﺗﻪtelephone
talasm ﰟv ﺗـــــــﻪtalisman, magic spell; ~khwendin ba sar …dâ v.t. to cast a
spell over
talatal-chûn ﺗــــﻪل ﭼــــﻮونv ﺗــــﻪv.i. to walk
very quietly
talavizyon ﭬﺰﯾﯚنv ﺗﻪtelevision
tałâq قŸ ﺗــــــــــــﻪdivorce; ~-dân v.t. to divorce: ~’î dâwim he has divorced me
talâr ﺗﻪﻻرhall, room in an upper story
talîsm = ﺗﻪﻟ›ﺴﻢtalasm
tam ﺗـــــــﻪمdust; mist, fog; puff on a cigarette; ~-rândin v.t. to bury
taman ﺗـﻪﻣـﻪنage: la ~ i mindâlî i khoydâ
during one’s childhood
tamara ﺗﻪﻣﻪرﻩhurly-burly
tamâ ﺗـﻪﻣـﺎdesire, greed; ba ~ i ﺑـﻪ ﺗـﻪﻣـﺎىdesirous of; ~kâr ﺗﻪﻣ˜ﰷرgreedy
tamâḥkâr = ﺗﻪﻣﺎﺣﲀرtamâkâr
tamâko ﺗﻪﻣ˜ﮐﯚtobacco
tamâshâ ﺗـﻪﻣـﺎﺷـﺎspectacle; ~-kirdin v.t. to
look at; to watch (a performance), to
see (a sight); ~khâna ﺎﻧﻪL ﺗﻪﻣﺎﺷﺎtheater
tamâta ﺗﻪﻣﺎﺗﻪtomato
tambał ﻪڵm ﺗﻪﻣlazy
tame ‰ ﺗــــﻪﻣــــadmonition; ~-kirdin to admonish, to instruct
tamez ﺰŒ ﺗﻪﻣclean
tammûz ﺗﻪﳑﻮوزJuly
tan ﺗﻪنbody; ~drust ﺗﻪﻧﺪروﺳﺖhealthy
tanaka ﺗﻪﻧﻪﮐﻪtin, tin can
tanâf ﺗﻪ‡فrope
tanâna(t) ( ﺗﻪ‡ﻧﻪ)تespecially
tandûr ﺗـﻪﻧـﺪوورoven; ~-dâ-khistin v.t. to
light an oven
tang ـﮓs ﺗـﻪtight, narrow; saddle strap; ba
~ …awa bûn v.i. to belong to, to be
encompassed by; ~atâw وcﮕـﻪs ـﺗ ﻪ ـhectic
pressure; ~atâw-nân و ‡نcـﮕـﻪs ﺗـﻪv.t. to
put pressure on; ~âna ــﮕــﺎﻧــﻪs ﺗــﻪnarrow
pass, strait; dire straits; ~âw ــــﮕــــﺎوsﺗــــﻪ
under pressure, in dire straits; ~dast
ﮕـﺪﻩﺳـﺖs ﺗـﻪ ـpoor; ~ u chałama ـﻪTـﮓو¸ـﻪsﺗـﻪ
ﻣﻪdifficulty
tanhâ ﺗﻪﳖﺎonly; alone; ~î loneliness
229
SORANI KURDISH
tanîsht ﺗﻪﻧ›ﺸﺖbeside, next to
tankhwâ ﺗــــﻪﳔــــﻮاcommercial goods; investment capital
tanyâ ﺗ ـﻪﻧ ـﻴ ـﺎalone, only; following a neg.
clause, tanyâ…nabe nothing/nobody
but: kasim niya, tanyâ dâyk a pîrèk
nabe I have no one but an old mother;
kam yân zor roysht kasèk nâzâne
tanyâ Khwâ nabe how far he went
only God knows; ~î ﺗــــﻪﻧــــﻴــــﺎﱙsolitude,
loneliness; ~bâł ﺗﻪﻧﻴﺎ¶ڵalone, forlorn
tapândin ﺗـﻪﭘـﺎﻧـﺪنtapen- ــﻦŒ ﺗـﻪﭘv.t. to stuff,
cram; to kick, beat with the hands
tapîn ﺗﻪﭘﲔv.i. to collapse
tapsî ﴗé ﺗﻪplate
taqa ﺗــﻪﻗــﻪthump, thud, sound of a heavy
thing falling
taqał ﺗـــﻪﻗـــﻪڵstitch; ~-dân v.t. to stitch; ~
le-dân v.t. to stitch; ~ hał-dân la to
take a stitch in
taqâlâ ﺗ ـﻪﻗ ـﺎﻻattempt; ~-kirdin v.t. to try,
attempt
taq|în ﺗـﻪﻗـﲔv.i. to burst; ~înawa ba ﻗ;ﻨـﻪ
ﺗـﻪ ــ
وﻩ ﺑـﻪto break out in, burst out into; ~amanî ﺗﻪﻗﻪﻣﻪﱏexplosive material
tař ﺗـﻪڕmoist, wet; nice; ~dam ﺗـﻪڕدﻩمeloquent; ~dast ﺗﻪڕدﻩﺳﺖexpert, dextrous
tara ﺗﻪرﻩin exile
taraqî ﺗــــــــــﻪرﻩﰵadvancement, progress;
~khwâz ﺗــﻪرﻩﻗــ;ــﺨــﻮازprogressive: koř i
yekiyatî u taraqîkhwâzî i kurd Society
for the Unity and Advancement of
Kurds
tarât(en) ﺗــــﻪرات،ــــﻦŒ ﺗــــﻪراﺗــــprancing of a
horse up and down the field
tarâten i ﲎŒ ﺗﻪراﺗall around (prep)
tareq ﻖl = ﺗﻪرtarîq
tarfana ﺗﻪرﻓﻪﻧﻪlost
tarîq ﺗﻪرﯾﻖshy; ~î shyness
tarkhân ـــﺎنL ﺗـــﻪرspecial, devoted (ba/bo
to); exempt from taxes and imposts;
~-kirdin bo v.t. to give someone exclusive use of something: îtir la nâw
aw khânûá bo’yân tarkhân kirdibû,
nadagunjâ he no longer fit in the
house they had set aside for him
tarkhun ﺗﻪرﺧﻮنtarragon
tarm ﺗﻪرمbody, corpse
tarsa ﺗﻪرﺳﻪreversed, upside down
tarza ﺗﻪرزﻩhail
tashanâ-kirdin ـﺮدنB ‡ ﺗـﻪﺷـﻪv.t. to heal, to
heal over
tashrîn ـﻦaﺗ ـﻪﴍ: ~ i yekam ﺗ ـﻪﴍﯾ ـﲎ ﯾ ـﻪﻛ ـﻪم
October; ~ i dûham ﺗـﻪﴍﯾـﲎ دووﻫـﻪمNovember
task ﺗﻪﺳﮏnarrow
tawakul ﻮلB ﺗﻪوﻩtrust in God
tawar ﺗﻪوﻩرaim
tawâfat = ﺗﻪواﻓﻪتtafâwat
tawâfiq ﺗﻪواﻓﻖagreement, co-operation
tawâncha ﻪ# ﺗﻪواpistol
tawândin ﺗﻪواﻧﺪنtawen- ﻦ¤ ﺗﻪوv.t. to fold
tawâw ﺗـــــــﻪواوcomplete; ~-bûn v.i. to be
finished; ~-kirdin v.t. to finish; ba ~î
completely
tawizhm ﺗﻪوژمpressure
tawq ﺗــﻪوقring; ~ a sar ﺗــﻪوﻗــﻪﺳــﻪرtop of
the head: ba ~ i sarîawa on top of his
head
taws ﺗﻪوسtaunt
tay ﺗﻪیtame, trained
tay-kirdin ﺮدنB ﺗﻪیv.t. to traverse
tayâr رp ﺗﻪready
tayâra رﻩp ﺗﻪairplane
tâ1 (1) c to, up to: l’ erawa tâ awe from
here to there; (2) by the time: tâ min
gayshtim namâ by the time I arrived
he wasn’t there any longer; (3) until
(conj. + neg. subj.): tâ nayey, nâyem I
won’t come until you do; until (introducing final clause + indicative) min
l’ era bot dâdanem tâ deytawa I’ll put
it here for you until you come back;
(4) (prep.) until tâ sa’ât i penj châwařwânit dakam I’ll wait for you until
five o’clock; (5) the longer, to keep on
(getting …er): ~ dahât as time went
by, the longer (a situation pertained):
tâ dahât, girântir dabû as time went
by, the heavier it got; tâ de, rangî
230
SORANI–ENGLISH VOCABULARY
zard u lâwâz dabe he keeps on getting
paler and thinner; ~kû ــــﻮوBc so that, in
order that (+ subj.)
tâ2 c fever
tâ3 c fold; ~-kirdin v.t. to fold: kâghazaká tâ bika fold the paper
tâj جc crown
tâk کc sole, solitary, alone; ~-u-tanyâ
کوﺗـﻪﻧﻴــﺎc all by oneself; ~-u-tarâ(k) کc
( وﺗﻪرا)کmiscellaneous
tâkû ــــﻮوBc (+ subj.) in order that; (prep.)
until: ~ estâ until now
tâł ڵc bitter
tâłân نŸc plunder; ~-kirdin v.t. to
pillage, plunder
tâm مc taste; ~-kirdin v.t. to taste
tâmazro ﻣـــﻪزرۆc, tâmâzro ﻣـــﺎزرۆc eager,
craving; ~î ﻣﻪزرۆﰃc eagerness, craving
tân نc warp (weaving)
tâna ﻧﻪc taunt; ~ le-dân v.t. to taunt
tânj ﱋc = tâj
tânjî ﳒﯽc hunting dog
tânût ﻧﻮوتc taunt, abuse
tâpo ﭘﯚc ghost, apparition
tâq قc sole, only: ~ a kuřèkî dabe he
has only one son; odd, not even
tâqat ﻗـﻪتc energy; be~ ـﺎﻗـﻪتµŒﺑ
ـ ـanxious,
sad
tâqâna ﻗﺎﻧﻪc only child
tâqim ﰴc group
tâqî ﰵc test, trial; ~-kirdinawa v.t. to
try, to test
Târân رانc Tehran
târândin راﻧــﺪنc târen- ــﻦ¤رc v.t. to drive
away forever
târîf رﯾــﻒc description: la ~ nâye it can’t
be described, it is beyond description
târîk ﮏaرc dark
târîkh رﱗc history
tâsân ﺳــــﺎنc tâse- ‰ﺳــــc v.i. to choke, be
strangled; ~din ﺳـﺎﻧـﺪنc tâsen- ــﻦŒﺳc v.t.
to choke, strangle
tâsh شc big slab of rock; ~abard ﺷــﻪﺑــﻪc
ردditto
tâshîn ﺷﲔc tâsh- شc v.t. to shave
tâw1 وc period of time; ~è(k) ـﮏ¤وc for a
while;
tâw2 وc (1) heat, burning, fever, longing, grieving: la ~ i dûrî i kuřakáy har
dû châwî kwer bûbû both his eyes had
gone blind from grieving over separation from his son; (2) downpour (of
rain): ~ i bârân nabiřrâyawa the
downpour has not ceased; (3) turn,
charge, gallop; ~-dân v.t. to make (a
horse) gallop; ~-girtin v.t. to work
assiduously; ~-kirdin v.t. to trick s.o.
into believing; ~ sandin v.t. for heat
to become intense
tâwân1 وانc reward; fault, guilt, crime;
~bâr واﻧـــــــﺒـــــــﺎرc blameworthy, guilty;
~bâr-kirdin v.t. to blame; ~ rekkhistin v.t. to accuse falsely
tâwân2 وانc tâwe- وێc v.i. to melt; ~din
واﻧﺪنc tâwen- ﻦ¤وc v.t. to melt
tâwił وڵc tent
tâwistân ﺘﺎن8وﺳc summer
tâwlama ﻣـــﻪvوc wire basket spun to heat
charcoal
tâwtwe-kirân ﺮانB وﺗﻮێc v.i. to suffer
tâybat ﯾــﺒــﻪتc personal, special, devoted
(ba to); ba ~î ﯾـــــﺒـــــﻪﰏc ﺑـــــﻪespecially;
~mandî ﺒﻪﲤﻪﻧﺪیlc characteristic
tâza زﻩc new, fresh; ~lâw زﻩﻻوc adolescent
tâzhân ژانc whip, lash
tâzhî ژیc hunting dog
tâzî زیc Arabic
tâziyâna ﻧﻪpزc whip
te ì see da; ~-birdin (v.t., = birdin da)
to put something inside something
else; ~-chûn (v.i., = chûn da) to suffer loss; to cost a lot: mâlakám zorî te
chûwa my house has cost me a lot; ~gayândin v.t. to make understand,
explain to: hâl u masala’y te gayândim he explained the situation to me;
~-gayshtin v.i. to understand; ~-girtin
v.t. to take aim at: bardî te bigra aim
at the rock; ~-gîrân v.i. to tangle; ~-
231
SORANI KURDISH
kishân v.t. to pass quickly: b’ era dâ
hât u tekishâ he came there and
quickly passed by; ~-kirdin v.t. =
kirdin da to pour onto: âwî te ka pour
some water on it; to make ready: sabîl
te ka get the pipe ready; ~-mân v.i. to
be bewildered
te- ì cmpd. vb. agent; see te-gayshtin,
te hał-chûn, te-kutân
tebar ــﻪرmــŒ ﺗــlit, burning; ~-bûn v.i. to be
lit (fire), to burn; ~-dân v.t. to light
(fire): âgirî tebar dâ he lit a fire; to set
a dog on
tebînî ;ﲎÒ² ﺗobservation
tek ــﮏ² ﺗtogether; ~-bar-bûn v.i. to fight;
~-birdin v.t. to throw things together;
~-chûn v.i. to change, lose one’s composure, to get mixed up; ~-chûn la to
be mistaken, be the wrong person:
lem tek chûy I thought you were
someone else; ~-chûn lagał to disagree with; ~-dân v.t. to spoil, mix
up; ~-hał-dân v.t. to kick; to lock
horns; ~-khirân v.p. to get tied together; ~-khistin v.t. to tie together;
~-kirdinawa v.t. to break someone’s
bones in a fight: lashyân hamû tek
kirdawa they beat him to a pulp; ~shikân v.i. to collapse
tekał ــــﮑــــﻪڵ² ﺗــــwith, along with; bo ~ ba
together with; ~-pekał all mixed up,
jumbled; ~-dân v.t. to stir: shîraká
tekał da stir the milk; dast ~-kirdin
lagał v.t. to have carnal relations with:
damawe lagałim rek bikawî u dast’im
lagał tekał bikay I want you to lie
with me and have sex with me
te-koshân ـﮑ ـﯚﺷ ـﺎن² ﺗ ـ-koshe- ‰ ـﮑ ـﯚﺷ ـ² ﺗ ـto
strive, to struggle
tekrâ ــﮑــﺮا² ﺗــaltogether; ba ~î in general,
generally
tepar ــﻪرÜــŒﺗــ: ~-bûn ba sar …dâ v.i. (for
time) to pass after …; ~-kirdin la v.t.
to exceed, surpass
ter1 ـﺮŒ ﺗـfull, satiated; ~khaw ـﻪوLـﺮŒ ﺗـhav-
ing had enough sleep; ~-khwârdin la
to eat one’s fill of
ter2 ﺮŒ ﺗlarge saddlebag
teshu ـــﺸـــﻮŒ ﺗـــpile, heap; ~-kirdin v.t. to
make a pile; to have breakfast
teska ﺴﮑﻪŒ = ﺗtîshk
tif ﺗــــــﻒspit; ~-kirdin v.t. to spit; ~-kirdinawa v.t. to spit out; ~ân ﺗـــﻔـــﺎنtife‰ ﺗﻔــv.i. to spit; ~ânà dam yek ﺗﻔــﺎﻧـﻪ دﻩم ﯾـﻪ
کto plot, conspire
tifang ـﮓs ﺗـﻔـﻪrifle, shotgun; ~-hâwîshtin
v.t. to fire a rifle
tikândin ـﲀﻧ ـﺪنŽ tiken- ـﻦŒ ـﮑ ـŽ v.t. to drip,
cause to drip; âbřû-~ to dishonor:
âbřû’y tikândim he dishonored me
tifâq ﺗﻔﺎقprovisions
tift ﺗﻔﺖmouth-puckeringly sweet
tikheł Çــ² ﲣــstretched out on the ground,
prone, prostrate
tikhun ﲣــــــــﻮنnear; ~ i ... kawtin to get
near: tikhun i âgir nakawî you
shouldn’t get near the fire
tiłakân ـﻪﰷنk ـﺗtiłake- ‰ـﻪﮐـk ـﺗv.i. to be shaken; râ-~ to be shaken up (as liquid in
a bottle); râ-tiłakândin tiłaken- v.t.
to shake up
tiłaqân ﻪﻗﺎنk = ﺗtiłakân
tilân ﺗـــﻼنtile- ‰ ﺗـــﻠـــv.i. to toss and turn;
~dinawa ﺗـﻼﻧـﺪﻧـﻪوﻩv.t. to toss; to juggle;
to deal (ba with)
tilîs ﺗـــﻠـــ›ـــﺲdrenched, sopping wet; ~ân
ﺗﻠ›ﺴـﺎن
ـــtilîse- ‰ﺗﻠ›ﺴـ
ـــv.i. to get drenched;
~ândin ﺗـﻠـ›ـﺴـﺎﻧـﺪنtilîsen- ـﻦŒ ﺗـﻠـ›ـﺴـv.t. to
wet
tiłîsh ـــ›ـــ ﺶk ﺗـــripped, torn: kirâsakám ~ ~
bû my shirt was ripped to shreds; ~birdin v.t. to split: dâr tilîshî bird the
tree split; ~ân ›ﺸـﺎنkﺗ
ـ ــtilîshe- ‰›ﺸـkﺗ
ـ ــv.i.
to split; ~ândin ›ﺸـﺎﻧـﺪنkﺗ
ـــtilîshen- ــﻦŒ›ﺸkـــﺗ
v.t. to split
tilyâk = ﺗﻠﻴﺎکtiryâk
tiłyân ﻴﺎنk ﺗtiłe- ‰k ﺗv.t. to leave, allow
tir ـﺮŽ other; hîch i ~ nothing else: namatwânî hîch i tir bikam I couldn’t have
done anything else; yek~ each other
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SORANI–ENGLISH VOCABULARY
tirâzân ـــــــــﺮازانŽ v.i. to go to pieces; ~ la
shwen kho to be unrecognizable
tire ﺮێŽ grapes
tiřo-kirdin ــــﺮدنB ۆgــــŽ v.t. to disgrace, to
drive away in disgrace
tirpa sound ـﺮﭘـﻪŽ of a footfall; ~ i pe ـﺮﭘـﻪىŽ
‰Š ﭘfootstep
tirs ﺮسŽ fear
tirsân ــــﺮﺳــــﺎنŽ tirse- ‰ــــﺮﺳــــŽ la v.i. to be
afraid of, fear
tirsândin ــﺮﺳــﺎﻧــﺪنŽ tirsen- ــﻦŒــﺮﺳــŽ v.t. to
scare; tirsenar ـــﻪرžـــŒـــﺮﺳـــŽ frightening,
scary
tirsh ـــــــــــــﺮشŽ bitter; khoshit be u ~it be
whether you like it or not
tiryâk کpـﺮŽ opium; ~kesh ــﺶŒکﮐpـﺮŽ opium smoker; ~î ﰽpﺮŽ opium addict
tis ـــﺲE fart (noiseless); ~-dân v.t. to fart;
~in ــــﺴــــﻦE farter, “old fart,” idler; ~în
ﺴﲔE v.i. to fart
tizân ـﺰانŽ tize- ـﺰێŽ v.i. to collect (liquid),
well up: dastim khwenî te tizâwa
blood has collected in my hand; firmesk la châwim tizâ tears welled up
in my eyes
tîgh ﺗﻴﻎblade
tîka ﺗﻴﮑﻪbit, piece
tîmâr-kirdin ــﺮدنB ر7 ﺗــv.t. to care for the
ill
tîn ﺗـــﲔpower, force; ba ~awa powerfully; be~ ﲔn² ﺑpowerless, weak
tîn|û ـﻮوž›ﺗ
ــthirsty: ~ma I’m thirsty; ~wetî
ﱴlﻮž› ﺗthirst
tîp ﺗ›ﭗgroup, contingent; team
tîr ﺗﲑarrow
tîra ﺗــﲑﻩclan, family branch, subdivision
of a hoz
tîsha ﺗـ›ـﺸـﻪsprout; ~biř g ﺗـ›ـﺸـﻪ–ـfrost that
kills young sprouts
tîshk ﺗ›ﺸﮏray
tîsk ﺗـــــ›ـــــﺴـــــﮏclump of hair; bunch of
grapes; long-haired: mařèk i ~ longhaired sheep
tîtâł ـﺎڵµ ﺗ ـ› ـjoke; ~-kirdin ba v.t. to make
fun of, play a joke on: pey wâ bû tîtâlî
pe dakan he thought they were making fun of him
tîz-kirdin ba ــﺮدن ﺑــﻪB ﺗــﲒv.t. to make fun
of; ~-kirdin ba ...awa v.t. to poke,
poke fun at
tîzh à ﺗـــsharp, hot, spicy; fast, quick; insistent
tkâ ـــــﲀŽ request; ~-kirdin v.t. to request,
beg: tkâ akam please
to ﺗﯚyou (sing.)
tobra ﺗﯚ–ﺮﻩsack
tof ﺗـﯚفblizzard; ~ân ﺗـﯚﻓـﺎنblizzard, deluge
tok ﺗﯚکtree bark
toła ـﻪT ﺗـﯚrevenge; ~ i … kirdinawa v.t. to
take revenge for: biřyâr’yân dâ toła i
am âbřûchûnáyân bikanawa they decided to take revenge for this outrage
against their dignity
tom(a) ﺗـــــــﯚم، ﺗـــــــﯚﻣـــــــﻪseed, grain; tomwashândin v.t. to sow, scatter seed
tomâr ﺗــﯚﻣــﺎرrecord, document; ~-kirdin
v.t. to record
top ﺗــــﯚپball; big lie; ~al ﺗــــﯚﭘــــﺎلround;
~chî ﺗﯚﭘﭽﯽcannoneer; liar
topîn ﺗـﯚﭘـﲔtop- ﺗـﯚپv.i. to die (of an animal); hał-~ to drop dead
toplâkh ﺗـﯚﭘـﻼخpiled up; ~a-kirdin ـﻪLﺗـﯚﭘـﻼ
ـــــﺮدنB v.t. to pile up: payn u qur ba sar
yekâ toplâkhay kirdûa he’s piled up
dung and mud on top of each other
toq ﺗــــــﯚقtop: bardèkî la ~ i sarim dâ he
threw a stone on top of my head
toqał ﺗـﯚﻗـﻪڵpatch: ~ a tûtiřikèk a patch of
wild strawberries
tow = ﺗﯚوtom; ~ i mirîshik egg
toz ﺗـــﯚزdust; ~-kirdin v.t. to stir up dust;
~e ﺗﯚزێ, ~èk ﮏ¤ ﺗﯚزa little bit
tozhar ﺗﯚژﻩرresearcher, investigator
trâzân ــــــﺮازانŽ trâze ــــــﺮازێŽ v.i. to go to
pieces, fall apart; kâr la kâr ~ to be
all over
trîkândin ـﲀﻧـﺪنaـﺮŽ trîken- ـﻦŒـﮑـaـﺮŽ v.t. to
scream
trîqânawa ـﺮﯾﻘــﺎﻧـﻪوﻩŽ trîqe- ‰ـﺮﯾﻘــŽ v.i. to guf-
233
SORANI KURDISH
faw, laugh out loud
trîshqa ﺮ§ﺸﻘﻪŽ lightning
tropîn ﺮۆﭘﲔŽ v.i. = topîn
trombel ﻞ²mﺮۆﻣŽ = trumbîl
trumbîl ﻴﻞmﺮوﻣŽ automobile
trushkân ـﺮوﺷـﲀنŽ trushke- ‰ﺷﮑـ
ـﺮو ـŽ v.i. to
squat; hał-~ to squat down
trûkân ـﺮووﰷنŽ trûke- ‰ـﺮووﮐـŽ v.i. to blink:
la châw trûkânèk’dâ in the twinkling
of an eye; ~din ـــــــﺮووﰷﻧـــــــﺪنŽ trûkenﻦŒﺮووﮐŽ v.t. to blink
trûsk ـﺮووﺳـﮏŽ shine, gleam; ~a ـﺮووﺳـﮑـﻪŽ
glimmer, gleam; ~âî ـــــﺮووﺳـــــﲀﰃŽ faint
glimmer; ~ân ـﺮووﺳـﲀنŽ trûske- ‰ـﺮووﮐـŽ
v.i. to shine, to gleam
tułân-awa ﻧـــــﻪوﻩŸ ﺗـــــﻮv.i. to fall to pieces
(from being cooked too much): goshtaká hend kulîwa tulâwatawa the
meat has been so overcooked it’s
fallen to pieces
tumaz ﺗﻮﻣﻪرزwouldn’t you know?
tumâr = ﺗﻮﻣﺎرtomâr
tund ﺗــﻮﻧــﺪtight; fast, swift; hot, spicy; ~kirdin v.t. to hold tight, to make fast
turben ﻦŒ ﺗﻮرﺑbag, sack
turkmân ﺗﻮرﮐﲈنTurcoman
tursh ﺗـــــﻮرشsour; ~ândin ﺗـــــﻮرﺷـــــﺎﻧـــــﺪن
turshen- ﻦŒ ﺗﻮرﺷv.t. to make sour
tutin ﻦŽ ﺗﻮtobacco
tûk ﺗـﻮوکhair; ~asar ﺗـﻮوﮐـﻪﺳـﻪرhair on the
head
tûla v ﺗﻮوa small hunting dog
tûřa ﺗــــﻮوڕﻩangry, mad; ~î ﺗــــﻮوڕﻩﱙanger:
ba tûřaîawa rû’y le kirdim he turned
away from me in anger
tûraka ﺗﻮورﻩﮐﻪsack, bag
Tûrân ﺗـــــــــــــــﻮورانTuran, the traditional
Transoxanian enemy of Iran
tûsh1 ﺗـﻮوشmeeting, involved; ~-bûn v.i.
to meet, come across: dwene la shaqâm’dâ tûshî bûm I met him in the
street yesterday; ~-kirdin v.t. to get
someone involved: to tûshit kirdim
you got me involved
tûsh2 ﺗـــــــﻮوشcold, rainy weather; mean-
ness of character; ~-kirdin v.t. imprs.
to be cold and rainy (of the weather):
hawâkay tûsh kird the weather turned
bad; ~î ﺗﻮوﳽbad weather
tûtiřik کgŽ ﺗﻮوwild strawberry
twân ﺗـــﻮانtwe- ﺗـــﻮێv.t. to want; ~awa =
tâwân
twânâ ‡ ﺗـــــــﻮاability: hargiz la twânâm’â
niya it will never be within my ability,
ba pe i ~ inasfar as possible
twânîn ﺗـﻮاﻧـﲔtwân- ﺗـﻮانv.t. to be able (+
subj)
twânj ﺗـﻮاﱋdisapprobation; ~-girtin da to
find fault with
twâshâ-kirdin ــــﺮدنB = ﺗــــﻮاﺷــــﺎtamâshâkirdin
twe-kirdin ــﺮدنB ﺗــﻮێv.t. to rip to shreds:
bulbul ka garm i naghmaya âgir dakâtawa / khuncha hazîna, jarg u dilî
bo dakâ twe (Nâlî) the nightingale,
hot with song, bursts into flame; the
bud is saddened and rips her heart to
shreds for him
tweł Çl ﺗﻮforehead
tyâ = ﺗـﻴـﺎtey(d)â in it; ~-birdin v.t. to do
away with, to eliminate; ~-chûn v.i. to
go away, disappear; ~ râ-mândin v.i.
to be perplexed, confused; to ponder
tyâtro ـﺮۆŽ ﺗ ـﻴ ـﺎtheater; ~khâna ـﺎﻧ ـﻪL ـﺮۆŽﺗ ـﻴ ـﺎ
theater
u وand
umed ﺋـﻮﻣ´ــﺪhope; nâ~ ‡ﺋـﻮﻣ´ــﺪdesperate, in
despair
urûpâ ﻮرووﭘﺎl Europe
utrumbîl ﻴﻞmﺮوﻣŽ ﺋﻮautomobile
wa1 = وﻩba: wakhabar = bakhabar, wa
re = ba re; wadast = ba dast
wa2 وﻩand
wach وﻩچoffshoot, offspring
wa‘d وﻩ`ـــــﺪpromise; ~-dân v.t. to promise
wadast = وﻩدﻩﺳﺖba dast
wafât وﻩﻓﺎتdeath; ~-kirdin v.t. to die
234
SORANI–ENGLISH VOCABULARY
wafd وﻩﻓﺪdelegation
wajâkh وﻩ•ـــــــــﺎخmale offspring; ~kwer
ﺮ¤ﻮB وﻩ•ﺎخchildless
wak وﻩکlike; ~ yek alike, all the same;
~î ka on the other hand
wakht وﻩﺧــــــــﺖtime: l’ aw ~á’dâ at that
time; ~ bû, ~â bû nearly, almost (+
subj.) wakht bû bizîqene he almost
screamed; wakht-a la birsân bimirim
I’m about to die of hunger; ~ basar
birdin ba v.t. to while away time by;
~î وﻩﺧﱴtemporary
wakû ـﻮوB وﻩas though (+ subj.): ~ shitèk’î
bîr kawtibetawa as though he remembered something
wałâm مŸ وﻩanswer, response; ~-dân v.t.
to answer
waqt = وﻩﻗﺖwakht
wára وﻩرﻩcome!, come on! (impt. sing.
of hâtin)
warân وﻩرانv.i. to fall; to writhe; hał-~
to fall down
wargeř gـــŒ وﻩرﮔـــtranslator; ~ân انgـــŒوﻩرﮔـــ
translation
war-geřân انgــــŒ وﻩرﮔــــv.t. to translate; ~à
sar ... to translate into: am ktebáy
wargeřâyà sar fârsî he translated this
book into Persian; ba pishtè ~ to
knock (s.o.) over on his back, to
knock down
wárin وﻩرنcome!, come on! (impt. pl.
of hâtin)
wařis(t) وﻩڕﺳﺖfed up, exasperated
wařîn ـــﻦa وﻩڕv.i. to bark: sa i hîch darkèk
pet nâwaře “you’re a stranger at no
door”; hał-~ = hał-warân
wařs وﻩڕسbored
warz وﻩرزtall (= barz); season of planting and harvesting
warza وﻩرزﻩheight, promontory, hill
warzish وﻩرزشsports, exercise
waset ــﺖŒ وﻩﺳــwill and testament; ~-kirdin v.t. to make one’s last will
washân وﻩﺷـــــﺎنwashe- ‰ وﻩﺷـــــv.i. to be
shaken, to be scattered; dâ-~ to be
shaken out: jilakát dâwashâ your
clothes have been shaken out; râ-~ to
be shaken; to waste away (from illness): lashî dâwashâwa his body has
wasted away; ~-awa la to be suitable
for, proper for: am kârá la to nâwashetawa this is not suitable for you,
am jilá la to dawashetawa these
clothes suit you
washândin وﻩﺷـﺎﻧـﺪنwashen- ــﻦŒ وﻩﺷv.t. to
shake, scatter; dâ-~ to bend down and
shake: dârèkî bo dâwashând barî nakawt he bent down a tree and shook it
but the fruit didn’t fall; hał-~ to rip
open, rip apart; râ-~ to shake violently
washârtû وﻩﺷﺎرﺗﻮوhidden
wastâ ﺘﺎ8 وﻩﺳmaster, professor
wassân وﻩﺳــــــــــــــﺎنwass- = وﻩسwastân
wastwastân ــــﺘــﺎن8 وﻩﺳwast- ( وﻩﺳــﺖv.i., pres.
tense often contracted to dast- for
dawast-) to stand, stop; ~ la to be
tired of: wastâwim la kâr I’m tired of
working; ~awa la to confront: ley
wastâmawa shaqèkim te hałdâ I confronted him and gave him a kick; hał~ to get up, stand up; ba pe i … hał-~
to carry out, execute; râ-~ to stand up,
stop, stay
wastândin ﺘـﺎﻧـﺪن8ﺳ
وﻩ ــwasten- ـﻦŒﺘ8ﺳ
وﻩ ــ ـv.t.
to stop; (2) to tire out; (3) to take
back, to get back: dabe aw qarzáy le
wastenim I have to get that loan back
from him
wawî وﻩویbride, daughter-in-law
waz وﻩزdown
waz‘ وﻩزعsituation
wazândin وﻩزا ـﻧ ﺪنwazen- ـﻦ¤ وﻩزv.t.: dâ-~
to let out/off (of vehicle)
wazârat وﻩزارﻩتministry: ~ i darawa
ministry of the interior
wazin وﻩزنpain, hurt, annoyance
wazîn ــــﻦa وﻩزv.i. to blow (wind); dâ-~ to
get out/off (of a vehicle), to come
235
SORANI KURDISH
down; (2) to lose (game); hał-~ to
jump up
wazîr ـــــــﺮa وﻩزvizier, minister: sarak ~ân
prime minister
wâ واthus
wâda وادﻩappointed time, usual time
wâq واقmind, brain: ~im wiř-mâ my
brain spun
wâqi‘ واﻗــــﻊactuality, reality: la ~ i zhyân
zor ba dûrin they are far from the
reality of life
wârisht وارﺷﺖraining
wâta واﺗﻪi.e., that is to say
wâz-henân la v ـــﻨـــﺎن² واز ﻫـــv.t. to leave,
abandon; to dissuade, persuade … not
to: zor hawl dadâ bâwkî l’ am kalkalá
i zhin henâná wâzbene he is trying
hard to dissuade his father from his
wish to take a wife
wâzha واژﻩword; ~gal واژﻩﮔـــــــﻪلvocabulary
we وێlighted, afire: âgir weya the fire’s
lit; ~-kawtin v.t. to try: we kawa bizâna la kweya try to find out where it is;
~-kirdin v.t. to light: âgiraká we ka
light the fire; ~-rizân v.t. to bother,
annoy: wem darize dastim le bar nâdâ
he annoys me constantly
weł Çـــــــــl وloose, wandering, stray; misaimed, misfired; ~-bûn v.i. to search
(ba dwâ i …dâ for); ~-kirdin v.t. to
let go, turn loose, cease
wena ـــﻨـــﻪl وpicture, image; ~gir ـــﻨـــﻪﮔـــﺮlو
photographer
werâ i ﺮای¤ وalong with
werân ﺮان¤ وdestroyed, ruined
werân ـــﺮان¤ وwere- ـــﺮێ¤( وv.t. + subj.) to
dare: nayawerâ bibizûetawa he didn’t
dare budge
weza ﺰﻩ¤ وambush, sneak attack
wezh|ân ـﮋان¤ وwezhe- ـﮋێ¤ وv.t. to speak,
say; ~a ـﮋﻩ¤ وliterature; ~ar ـﮋﻩر¤ وspeaker, announcer; ~wân ﮋوان¤ وliterary
wichân و¸ـــــــﺎنrest, pause; be~ و¸ـــــــﺎن/
without rest; pâsh kurta ~èk ﻮرـﻪ
ـ ﺗB ﭘـﺎش
ﮏ² و¸ﺎﻧafter a short pause
wiłâkh خŸ وbeast of burden
wiłâm مŸ = وwalâm
wiłât تŸ وcountry, state; homeland: ~ a
yekgirtûakân i Amerikâ the United
States of America
win ونlost; ~-bûn v.i. to be lost; la
châw ~-bûn v.i. to disappear from
sight: tâ la châw win nabet until it
disappears from view; ~-kirdin v.t. to
lose
wiř وڕdizzy; ~-bûn/mân v.i. to spin, be
dizzy; ~-kirdin v.t. to make dizzy
wirch ورچbear
wird وردlittle, tiny; ~a ~a وردﻩ وردﻩlittle
by little, slowly; ~-bûnawa v.i. to
investigate, examine closely; ~ u
khâsh-kirdin ـــــﺮدنB ـــــﺎشL ورد وv.t. to
crush, smash; ~akâr وردﻩﰷرinvestigator; ordered, regular; ~akârî وردﻩ
ﰷریinvestigation; order, regularity
wiřena-kirdin ـﺮدنB ـﻨـﻪl وڕv.t. to talk nonsense, to talk in one’s sleep
wirg ورگtripe
wiřk وڕکchildish begging, whining; ~girtin la v.t. to pester
wirm ورمdestroyed, damaged
wirsha ورﺷــــــــــﻪbrightness, glitter; ~dâr
ورﺷﻪدارbright, loud in color
wiryâ p ورclever; observant: wiryây ba
observe it carefully
wirûzhân ورووژانv.i. to be excited (of a
flock, crowd)
wis-bûn وس ﺑــــﻮونv.i. to be quiet: wis ba
be quiet!, shut up!
wisha وﺷﻪword; ~dân وﺷﻪدانdictionary
wishk وﺷـــــﮏdry; ~-bûn to stop dead in
one’s tracks: la je i khom wishk bûm I
was glued to the spot
wishtir وﺷﱰcamel
wishyâr ـﻴـﺎر8 وﺷـawake; ~-bûnawa v.i. to
wake up, be awake
wit وتspeech; ~-u-wezh ـــــﮋ¤ وت و وlanguage, speech, talk; ~-u-wezh-kirdin
v.t. to talk, to discuss; ~a وﺗــــــــــﻪword,
236
SORANI–ENGLISH VOCABULARY
speech; ~âr رc وspeech, article
witin ــــــﻦŽ وłe- ‰ــــــT ba v.t. to say to, tell:
pe’m wit I told him; ~awa to repeat
witrân ـــﺮانŽ وwitre- ـــﺮێŽ وv.p. to be said;
~ ba to be called: Hama’y pe dawitre
he is called Hama
witû وﺗ ـﻮوiron; ~-kirdin v.t. to iron; ~chî
ـﮐﺘـﻮوﭼـﯽironer, cleaner; ~kirâw ـﺮاوBوﺗـﻮو
ironed
wiza وزﻩpower, ability
wîrd ــــﺮدa وcharm, incantation; ~-khwendin to recite an incantation
wîst و§ﺴﺖwill
wîstin و§ــــــﺴــــــﱳwe- ( وێv.t., pres. tense
( دﻩﻣـــــﻪوێd)amawe, ( دﻩﺗـــــﻪوێd)atawe,
&c., or ـﻢ دﻩوێ-im (d)awe, ـﺖ دﻩوێ-it
(d)awe, &c.) to want; pe-~ to be
necessary
wurd = ووردwird
wutuwezh-kirdin lagał ﮔـﻪڵv ـﺮدنB ـﮋaووﺗـﻮو
v.t. to converse, hold talks with
wutin ﻦŽ = ووwitin
wutû = ووﺗﻮوwitû
yakha ـﻪL ﯾ ـﻪcollar: dastyân dâyà yakha i
yek they grabbed each other by the
collar; ~-girtin ـــﻦŽـــﻪ ﮔـــﺮL ﯾـــﻪv.t. to lay
hands on, get hold of, trap: ~’y girtim
she trapped me
yaqa = ﯾﻪﻗﻪyakha
yâd دp memory; henânà ~ دp ـــﻨـــﺎﻧـــﻪ² ﻫـــto
call to mind, remember; ~agâr دﻩﮔــــﺎرp
memory, souvenir, memento; ~âwar
داوﻩرp reminder
yâkhud ﺧﻮدp or
yân نp or
yâna ﻧﻪp club
yâr رp friend
yârałmâsî ﲈﳻTرﻩp potato
yârî ریp play, game; ~-kirdin ــــﺮدنB ریp
v.t. to play; ~kar ﮑﻪرaرp player
yârîda رﯾﺪﻩp help, assistance
yârmatî رﻣـﻪﰏp help; ~-dân رﻣـﻪﰏ دانp v.t.
to help
yâsâ ﺳـﺎp law, statute; ~wil ﺳـﺎولp police-
man
yek ﯾــــــــﻪکone: ~e l’ awân one of them;
~èkyân one of them; each other; dânà
~ v.t. to throw together; har ~ay each
one of them; hâtinà ~ to collapse, to
go to pieces; ~-girtin v.i. to unite; ~ la
dwâ i ~ one after another, successive:
rizhem a yekladwâiyekakân i ‘erâq
successive regimes in Iraq; ~-khistin
v.t. to unite
-yèk ( ﯾـــــﻪکindef. encl. after vowels) = èk
yekatî ﯾــــﻪﮐــــﻪﰏunion: yekatî i sovyet the
Soviet Union
yekdang ﮓs ﯾﻪﮐﺪﻩرunanimous(ly)
yekè ‰ ﯾﻪﮐla one of
yekèk ــﮏ² ﯾــﻪﮐــsomeone, anyone who (+
subj)
yeketî ﱴ² = ﯾﻪﮐyekatî
yekgirtû ﯾـﻪ ـﮐﮕـﺗﺮـﻮوunited: natawa yekgirtûakân the United Nations
yekjâr ـﺎرí' ﯾـﻪ ـat once, altogether; ~î last,
final
yekkhistin ﯾﻪ'ﺨﺴﱳunification
yeksar ﺴﻪرB ﯾﻪimmediately, right away
yeksân ـﺴـﺎنB ﯾـﻪalike, identical; ~î identicality
yekshamma ﯾﻪ'ﺸﻪﳑﻪSunday
yektir ﯾﻪﮐﱰeach other, one another
yekudû ـــﻮدووB ﯾـــﻪwithout pause, straightaway
yen- ﻦŒ ﯾsee henân
yeshân ﺸـﺎنŒﯾ
ــyesh- ــﺶŒ( ﯾv.i.&t.) to hurt:
sarim ayeshâ I had a headache
zabalâḥ زﻩﺑﻪﻻحhuge, enormous
zabr زﻩ–ﺮblow, force, strength
zabûn زﻩﺑــــــــــــﻮونmiserable, helpless; ~î
زﻩﺑﻮوﱏmisery, helplessness
zaḥmat زﻩﲪﻪتtrouble, difficulty
za’îf زﻩﻋ ـﻴ ـﻒthin; lâm i ~ ﻻﱉ زﻩﻋ ـﻴ ـﻒthe
liquid l
zalâm زﻩﻻمbig, large; fellow
zalîl زﻩﻟﻴﻞwretched, downcast
zamân زﻩﻣﺎنtime
237
SORANI KURDISH
zamâwin زﻩﻣــــﺎون, zamâwand زﻩﻣــــﺎوﻩﻧــــﺪ
wedding; ~-kirdin v.t. to wed
zambar ﻪرm زﻩﻣornament
zamîn زﻩﻣﲔearth, globe
zand زﻩﻧﺪforearm
zang ﮓs زﻩbell
zangał ﮕﻪڵs = زﻩzargal
zangî ﮕﯽs زﻩblack
zangîn ﮕﲔs زﻩrich
zaq زﻩقoutstanding
zař زﻩڕgold; ~angar goldsmith
zarâ’at زﻩرا`ﻪتagriculture
zard زﻩردyellow, blond; ~awâla vزﻩردﻩوا
wasp, hornet; ~hałgařâw ـﮕ ـﻪڕاوTزﻩردﻫ ـﻪ
yellowed
zardakhana ـــﻪﻧـــﻪL زﻩردﻩsmile; ~-girtin, kirdin v.t. to smile
zargał زﻩرﮔﻪڵleggings
zařîn ﻦa زﻩڕwasp
zarkî زﻩرﰽjaundice, hepatitis
zarq زﻩرقglitter, glimmer; ~î glittering,
bright
zarra زﻩررﻩparticle, atom
zawî(n) ﻦa زﻩو، زﻩویearth, ground, floor
zawîr ــــﺮa زﻩوangry; ~ bûn la to be angry
with
zawq زﻩوقtaste; ~î زﻩوﰵhappiness
zawt-kirdin ﺮدنB زﻩوتv.t. to usurp
zân زانze- زێv.i. to be born; to be collected (liquid), to well up: châwim
firmeskî te zâ tears welled up in my
eyes; âw zâyà dammân we’re drooling (in anticipation)
zân|â ‡ زاlearned; ~ist ـﺴـﺖë زاknowledge,
learning; ~istga ﺘﮕـﻪ8ﺴë
زا ـ ـــ, ~istgâ ﺘﮕـﺎ8ﺴë
زا ـ ـــ
university; ~istî ـــﱴ8ـــﺴـــë زاteaching, instruction; ~în زاﻧــــــــــــــﲔzân- زانv.t. to
know: wâ bizânim as I believe, I think
(so); wâ’m zânî gâlta’m dagal dakâ I
thought he was joking with me; ~în
zân- ba v.t. to consider as; ~rân ـــﺮانsزا
zânre- ـﺮێs زاv.p. to be known, discovered; ~râw ــــــــﺮاوs زاdiscovery, finding;
~yâr زاﻧـــــــﻴـــــــﺎرlearned, erudite; ~yârî
زاﻧـﻴـﺎریknowledge, education: wazârat
i ~ Ministry of Education
zâr1 زارmouth: zârim bû ba tala i taqîw
I was left speechless; dam-u-~ دﻩم و
زارmouth
zâr2 زارmiserable; la ~î in misery
zârâwa زاراوﻩaccent, dialect; zârawagal
زاراوﻩﮔﻪلdialect bundle
zârawok زارﻩوۆکdialect, accent
zârik زارکmouth, opening
zârola v زارۆchild
zât زاتbeing, personage; courage, daring; ~ i … bûn to dare to (do something): ley datirsân u zât i nizzîk
bûnawayân nabû they were afraid of
him and didn’t dare get near
zâwâ زاواhusband, in-law; father’s sister’s husband; daughter’s husband;
sister’s husband
zâyała ﻪT زاﯾﻪecho
zâye زاﯾﻪlost; ~-bûn to be lost
zâyinî زاﯾـــﲎ, zâyînî زاﯾـــ›ـــﲎA.D.: sada i
nozdaham i ~ the 19th century A.D.
zelkâw ﻠﲀوl زmarsh
zeř g¤ زgold; ~în ﻦag¤ زgolden
zhahr ژﻩﻫـﺮpoison; ~âwî ژﻩﻫـﺮاویpoisonous; ~âwî-kirdin v.t. to poison
zham ژﻩمmeal
zhaman ژﻩﻣﻪنsustenance
zhandin ژﻩﻧ ـﺪنv.t. to rub, stick (s.th. into
s.th. else); hał-~ ditto: har dû dast’î
hałzhandà khwen i azhdîhâká’dâ she
rubbed both hands in the dragon’s
blood
zhang ــﮓs ژﻩrust, verdigris; ~ le-dân v.t.
to rust, get rusty
zhân ژانpain, illness; ~-kirdin v.t. to
hurt, be painful; ~asar ژاﻧــــﻪﺳــــﻪرheadache
zhândin ژاﻧــــــﺪنzhen- ــــــﻦ¤ ژv.t.: râ-~ to
shake, rock
zhânpon ژاﻧﭙﯚنJapan
zhâr ژارpoor, miserable; poison; ~-dân
v.t. to poison
zher ـــــــــــﺮ¤ ژunder, beneath; la ~ …awa
from beneath, secretly; la ~ …dâ
238
SORANI–ENGLISH VOCABULARY
under
zhimâra ژﻣﺎرﻩnumber, issue
zhimârdin ژﻣــــﺎردنzhimer- ــــﺮŒ ژﻣــــv.t. to
count; ~ ba to consider as
zhimerrân ـــــﺮرانŒ ژﻣـــــv.p. to be counted,
reckoned
zhin ژنwoman, wife; ~-henân v.t. to
get married (of a man), to take a wife;
~brâ ﻧژـــــــــﱪاwife’s brother; ~î ژﱏwomanhood
zhinawtin ـﻦŽ ﻧژـﻪوzhinaw- ﻧژـﻪوv.t. to hear,
listen to
zhîkała ﻪTﮑﻪa ژcute, darling
zhîla(mo) ()ﻣﯚƒ ژﯾember under ashes
zhîn ﻦa ژlife; ~azhân ژﯾﻨﻪژانlife
zhîshik ژ§ﺸﮏhedgehog
zhûr ژوورroom; upward direction; la
~awa ژوورﻩوﻩv inside; ~è ژوورێinside;
baraw~ la v ﺑـــــــــــﻪرﻩوژوورon the other
side of
zhûrû ژوورووnorth
zhûzhû ژووژووhedgehog
zhwânga ﮕﻪs ژواmeeting place
zhyân نp ژlife; ~dostî ـﱴ8ﻧ ـﺪۆﺳ ـp ژlove of
life
zhyân نp ژzhî- ژیv.i. to live; bízhî …
long live …
zhyâr رp ژurban life
zibân = ز¶نzimân
zibr ز–ﺮrough, coarse
zig = زگsik
zigmâk زﮔــــﲈکcongenital, native: zwân i
~im my native language
zik = زکsik
zikmâk = زﮐﲈکzigmâk
zil زلlarge in body, huge
zilâm = زﻻمzalâm
zilla ò زslap; ~-sirawândin v.t. to slap
zimân زﻣـﺎنtongue, language; ~bad زﻣـﺎﻧﺒــﻪد
foul-mouthed, ill-speaking; ~wân
زﻣﺎﻧﻮانlinguist
zindâna زﻧﺪاﻧﻪprison
zind|û ﻧزـﺪووalive; ba ~ûî ﺑـﻪﻧزـﺪووﰃalive:
ba zindûî darhenrâ he was taken out
alive; ba ~ heshtinawa v.t. to bring
back to life; ~agânî ﻧزـﺪﻩﮔـﺎﱏanimation,
liveliness; ~awar ﻧزــــــﺪﻩوﻩرanimal, living creature
zinjîr زﳒﲑchain
ziř زڕbarren tree; fart; step-; ~birâ زڕ–ـــــﺮا
step-brother; ~khwishk زڕﺧـﻮﺷـﮏstepsister
zirânî زراﱏknee
zirâw زراوgall, courage; ~toqîn زراوﺗــﯚﻗــﲔ
galling
ziringân ﮕـﺎنs زرـziringe- ‰ﮕـs زرـv.i to ring;
~awa ﮕﺎﻧﻪوﻩs زرto reverberate
zirma زرﻣﻪexplosion, blast
zirtaboz زرﺗﻪﺑﯚزcrooked old man
zistân ﺘﺎن8 زﺳwinter
ziwân = زوانzimân
ziyâ p زmuch, more; ~tir la v ـــﺮŽp زmore
than
ziyâd دp زmuch; ~î increase; ~tir la
more than; ~-kirdin v.t. to add
ziyâfat ﻓﻪتp زbanquet
ziyân نp زdamage, loss
zîlamo ﻣﯚƒ = زﯾzhîlamo
zît زﯾﺖclever
zîn ﻦa زsaddle
zînawar زﯾﻨﻪوﻩرalive, living thing
zînd- زﯾﻨﺪsee zindzîndân زﯾﻨﺪانprison
zîndû = زﯾﻨﺪووzindû
zîqândin زﯾـــﻘـــﺎﻧـــﺪنzîqen- ـــﻦŒ زﯾـــﻘـــv.t. to
scream
zîrak ﺮﻩکa زclever
zîz ﺰa زunhappy, angry
zmân1 = زﻣﺎنzabân
zmân2 = زﻣﺎنzimân
zoł زۆڵbastard
zor1 زۆرforce; ~-henân bo v.t. to apply
force to; ~-kirdin la kho- v.t. to force
oneself, try hard (+ subj., to do s.th.);
~dâr زۆردارforceful, cruel, oppressive; ~dârî زۆرداریcruelty, oppression; piř~ زۆرgº strong, forceful
zor2 زۆرvery; a lot, much; …èk i ~
many: shitèk i zor many things; ~’î pe
nachû before long, it wasn’t long be-
239
SORANI KURDISH
fore
zorân زۆرانwrestling; ~-girtin v.t. to
wrestle
zorba زۆرﺑــــﻪlarge quantity; majority; ~ i
zor i the vast majority of
zorzân زۆرزانclever; ~î cleverness
zozân زۆزانmountainous region, summer pasturage
zubân = زو¶نzimân
zulm زوﱂinjustice, tyranny; ~lekrâw زوﱂ
ﮑﺮاو² ﻟoppressed
zuřât زوڕاتcorn
zurba = زورﺑﻪzorba
zuřnâ ‡ زوڕclarion
zurûf زورووفcircumstances
zû زووearly, soon; ba ~î quickly, fast
zûr زوورrough, coarse
zwân1 = زوانzimân tongue, language;
~nâs زواﻧﻨــﺎسlinguist; ~nâsî زواﻧﻨــﺎﳻlinguistic, linguistics; shewa~ ــﻮﻩزوان²ــــ8 ﺷ
dialect
zwân2 زوانtime: b’ am ~á at this time
zwel ﻞl زوgarbage
zwer ﺮ¤ زوangry
zwîr ﺮa = زوzwer
240
General Index
‘Able, be’ §21
Adjectives, attributive §5; comparative §13; with definite nouns §8;
superlative §13; synopsis §9
Alphabet, pp. 4–7
Bîr §22
Calendar §12.3
Circumpositions §14
Conditionals §19(5), §32(a), §33
Conjunctions, subordinating §38
Copulas §15
Days of the week §12.2
Demonstratives §4
Directionals §40
-è §40
Ergativity §27, §27.1
‘Have’ §16
-îsh §11
Izâfa §6, §7
Months §12.3
Moods, irrealis §32
Noun, absolute state §1; definite
state §3; indefinite state §2; plural
nouns with attributive adjectives
§8; postposed verbal complements §35; synopsis of states §9
Numbers, cardinal §12, ordinal
§12.1
Orthographic peculiarities §41
Participles, past passive §34.1; perfect active §28
Phonology, pp. 1–3
Possession §6
Postpositions §14
Prepositions §14, preposed pronominal prepositional complements
§14.1; possessive pronouns displaced by preposed prepositional
complements §27.4
Pronouns, agent affixes §27, as
logical objects of past transitive
verbs §27.2; personal §10; possessive §10.1; preposed pronominal complements §14.1; prepositional complements with agent affixes §27.3; possessive pronouns
displaced by preposed prepositional complements §27.4; pronominal objects of verbs §23
Relative clauses §39
‘Remember’ §22
South Sorani §27.1
Stress, p. 3
Temporal duration §37
Twânîn §21
241
SORANI KURDISH
Verbs, factitive §36; imperative
perfect tense §29, §29.1; present
§24; irrealis mood §32; in -awa
subjunctive §19; simple past §25;
§18; passive voice §34; past con§27
ditional §33; past habitual/pro- Vowel contractions §42
gressive (intransitive) §26; past ‘Want’ §20
passive participle §34.1; past perWîstin §20
fect tense §30, §30.1; present habitual/progressive §17; present -yatî §15, §29.1
242
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