AUICK First 2006 Workshop
City Report of Chittagong
Kazi Mobassher Ahmed Hashemi
Ward Commissioner
Ward No.2, Jalalabad Ward
Chittagong City Corporation
Bangladesh
1. City in Brief:
Initially Chittagong Town started to flourish as a tinny District Town and expanding with its
port activities only on the northern bank of river Karnaphully. People from western countries
specially, the Portuguese and Dutch people used to visit this region for trade, commerce and
business purposes mainly. The Chittagong Port flourished gradually with involvement of local
people who engaged themselves in the overall port activities for earning their living hoods
afterwards. As a result of which, people from Middle East and surrounding region become
attracted to the port of Chittagong followed by the development of port activities and
flourishing trade, business activities in this region. Some of these people visited this beautiful
land of green landscape and deep forest for religious purposes also. Consequently people from
the surrounding region being attracted by the holy saints started to come under the umbrella of
Islam who came with the holy massages of the Islam. In 1666 the Moghul Emperor Aurongazeb
named this city as Islamabad afterwards during the British rule they renamed this city as
Chittagong.
Chittagong city is located towards south-east of the Capital city of Dhaka which is around 280
Km. from the capital. Chittagong city is situated on the bank of Karnaphully River and the city
is surrounded by rich natural resources like the green Hilly Terrain and the Bay of Bengal on the
west. Chittagong is the Second Largest city, Prime Sea Port and the heart of all commercial and
business activities in Bangladesh. Accordingly, the government of the country has already
declared Chittagong as The “Commercial Capital” of the country by this time. After the
independence of Bangladesh in 1971, Chittagong has earned a significant status of the second
important City because of the Chittagong Port, diversified Economic activities, Natural
Beauties, Industrial activities and because of its suitable Geographical Location factor in the
regional Map.
Chittagong has been contributing the national economy since the independence of the country
in 1971. The major economic establishments/resources are (1) Chittagong Port. (2) Lots of
Garments Industries. (3) huge numbers of medium and heavy Industries (Industrial belt at
Fouzdarhat, Baizid Bostami, Kalurghat Industrial and Patenga industrial area).(4) Natural
Beauties such as the Patenga Sea Beach. Batali Hill, Foy’s Lake, Karnaphuly river bank, court
building, Circuit House etc. in the city is playing a significant role in the development of
Tourism Industry in Chittagong region.
Topographically Chittagong is a Hilly City surrounded by Karnaphully River and Bay of
Bengal from different sides contributing the friendly Urban growth. At the very beginning
Chittagong Town started to grow as a small Municipality in 1863 that was inhabited by
25,000 people only. In 1864 (the town area 4.5 Sq. Miles) the city was reconstituted as
Chittagong Municipality. It was further upgraded to Chittagong Municipal Corporation
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(CMC) in 1982 and finally as Chittagong City Corporation (CCC) in 1990. At present the city
area is around 155 Sq. Km. (60 Sq. Miles) and is inhabited by around 4.00 Million population
at present.
Chittagong is a land on huge Natural Beauty; here there are Natural Gifts like Virgin Hilly
region, the Bay of Bengal and the Karnaphuly River. These Beautiful Natural features can be
potentially developed with modern Tourist Facilities, which can attract local as well as foreign
tourist in the city and surrounding areas. This would obviously enhance the Tourist Industry
along with small and medium size Industrial Activities in the whole region, where huge
Employment Opportunities could be generated at the same time.
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The Chittagong City Corporation (CCC) is the autonomous Local Government Municipal
organization. As the responsible local government organization of Chittagong city and on the
way to render its services towards the common people of the city, Chittagong City
Corporation is directly engaged with following activities (along with the other regular
Municipal activities) under the efficient leadership of the Honorable Mayor Mr. A. B. M.
Mohiuddin Chowdhury.
1. Mass Education.
2. Garbage Management (Treatment/Recycling)
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3. Drainage and Sanitation
4. Health Service
5.Envournmental protection.
6.Preservation of hilly areas.
7.Disaster Management
8.CNG Plant.
Future City Development Planning:
For the sake of planned Development of the City, the city planning Department of Chittagong
City Corporation has undertaken some Short, Medium and Long term project such asExpansion of Port Activities, Development of Marine Drive, Five Star Hotel, Preservation of
Karnaphully river Bank, Housing Department for Low-income people, development of
Satellite City, Preservation of Hilly areas, Establishment of a 500 Bed Specialized Hospital,
Development of Recreation Zone at Sea Beach area, Fly-over in the busy road junctions to
mitigate the traffic congestion in the city etc. are among the significant projects to be
implemented in the next 10 to 15 years time span. At present the Chittagong city is
experiencing a Rapid Urban Growth- as a result of which a lot of Urban problems mostly
related to Unplanned Urbanization such as- Unemployment, Environmental Pollution, Traffic
Congestion, Absence of Solid Waste Management, Unplanned Hill Cutting, Lack of Sewerage
System, Water Logging, Lack of Power and Water supply, Lack of Civic Facilities and
Amenities etc. are taking critical shape in the city. Therefore, we need necessary co-operation
and support from the Friendly Japan Government for improving the above mention situation
in Chittagong city.
2. Urban Development:
2.1. Change in Area and Population
Please provide data on the area and the population of the city according to the following chart.
If there are no data for the years, given please change the years as needed.
Area
(Km²)
1975
157
1980
157
1985
157
1990
157
1995
157
2000
157
2004
157
2005
157
2010
157
2015
157
2020
157
2025
157
TFR: Total Fertility Rate
Total
Population
InDeaths
migration
40,000
50,000
60,000
80,000
100,000
120,000
150,000
160,000
200000
250000
300000
350000
Births
1.5
1.8
2.00
2.20
2.60
3.40
3.60
4.00
4.50
5.10
5.70
6.80
6
Outmigration
20,000
30,000
40,000
50,000
60,000
65,000
70,000
75,000
90,000
100000
110000
120000
TFR
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2.2. Change in Surface Geometry:
Changes in the Ground Level of Chittagong city starting from 1948 through 1975 and finally
in 1992.
3. Government Structure
3.1. Relationship with the central government and the other government organs:
Chittagong City Corporation is local government autonomous body and is responsible to the Ministry of
Local Government, Rural Development and Co-operative of the central government of Bangladesh.
3.2. City Government System:
The City Mayor who is an elected peoples’ representative of Chittagong City governs Chittagong City
Corporation (CCC). He is the Elected Peoples Representative for the five year terms to perform his
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responsibilities as a Mayor of the city. Similarly there are 41 Ward Commissioner in the 41 Wards of the
city, who are also Elected Representatives of the respective City Wards to perform their responsibilities to
the local people. Moreover, CCC has 14 Female Ward Commissioners elected from the 3 (three) Wards on
the way to render their services as Female Leaders of the respective societies. Normally, Ward
Commissioners are responsible for carrying out the development and the Well-being of the people living in
the city wards.
3.2.1. Role of Mayor (elected) and Administrator/Commissioner (Bureaucracy):
The Mayor is overall responsible authority for the overall City Development, Management, Environmental
Protection, Garbage Management, Recycling, Sanitation and Drainage, Plantation/Greening activity, Health
and Education etc. along with the relevant social welfare activities to the city dwellers.
3.2.2. Role of City Assembly and Executive Office:
The City Assembly is composed of 41 Ward Commissioners as well as 14 Female Commissioners to put
forward the demands of the local people from the respective City wards. The Assembly (General Meeting
in CCC ) takes place once in a month which is presided by the Honorable Mayor. In absence of the
Honorable Mayor the General Meeting is normally presided by a Ward Commissioner with approval of the
meeting. In the Assembly (GM) the Ward Commissioners and Female Ward Commissioners from all the
city wards places their Plans/Proposals on various Issues and development prospects in front of the
Assembly (GM) on the basis of the peoples demand. There are urgent problems and issues, which are
addressed accordingly by the City Mayor, but there are some other problems which are related to the many
other sectors normally forwarded to the standing committees tom take necessary actions accordingly.
Standing Committees are formed in the first Assembly meeting and is approved by the Honorable Mayor.
Standing Committee is consists of Ward Commissioners and respective CCC officials. Chairman heads the
standing committee of 5 members. The Executive Officer is the top most official in the Chittagong City
Corporation, who is a central government officer working under deputation for three year term. He is
responsible for the overall Chittagong City Corporation activities and bridging Chittagong City Corporation
activities in line with the central government rules and regulations.
3.2.3. Administrative Organizational Chart:
Chittagong City Corporation (CCC) Organogram
Mayor
Chief Executive Officer
Engineering
conservancy
C. Eng.
Conservancy
Secretariat
Secretary
Accounts
Revenue
C. Accts
C. Rev. off
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Health
C. Health Off
Education
C.Edu Off
C.
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3.3. Financial Resources and Allocations to different sectors in 2006:
Budget Year 2005-2006
EXPENDITURE
SL NO. DESCRIPTION
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
BUDGET 2005-2006 ( TK)
Salary, Allowance & Wages
Repair & Maintenance
Rent, Tax & Rates
Electricity, Fuel & Water
Beneficial Expenses
Postage & Telephone
Entertainment & Festivals
Insurance
Traveling & Conveyance
Advertising & Publicity
Printing & Stationary
Fees, Stipend & Professional Expenses
Training Expenses
Miscellaneous Expenses
Store
Total Direction & Maintenance
Relief Expenses
Due to Debors
Fixed Assets
Development
Other Expenses
574,000,000.00
182,000,000.00
16,500,000.00
126,000,000.00
44,300,000.00
7,600,000.00
7,000,000.00
1,800,000.00
1,750,000.00
18,620,000.00
22,250,000.00
3,750,000.00
1,200,000.00
23,500,000.00
120,000,000.00
1,150,270,000.00
5,000,000.00
64,000,000.00
1,305,000,000.00
1,206,500,000.00
121,000,000.00
2,701,500,000.00
3,851,770,000.00
23,552,000.00
3,875,322,000.00
16
17
18
19
20
Total
Total
Balance
Grand Total
Source: CCC Budget, 2005-2006
INCOME SOURCE
SL NO.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
DESCRIPTION
BUDGET 2005-2006 ( TK)
Due Tax & Rates
Tax & Rates
Other Taxes
Fees
Fines
Rent & Income from Assets
Interest
Sundry Income
Subsidy
Total Receipt From Own Source
Relief Aid
Development Donation
Other Sources
10
11
12
Total
Total Receipt
Source: CCC Budget, 2005-2006.
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TK 668,563,000.00
TK 311,009,000.00
TK 206,950,000.00
TK 111,450,000.00
TK 500,000.00
TK 325,750,000.00
TK 5,000,000.00
TK 75,100,000.00
TK 70,500,000.00
TK 1,774,822,000.00
TK
5,000,000.00
TK 2,000,000,000.00
TK
95,500,000.00
TK 2,100,500,000.00
TK 3,875,322,000.00
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Urban Planning and Environmental Protection
4.1 Administrative Organizations and Duties for Urban Planning and Environmental
Protection:
Ministry of Environment and
Forestry, Government of
Bangladesh.
1. Department of Environment (DoE).
2. Conservancy Department of City Corporation.
3. Department of Costal Forestry, Department of Forestry.
4. Department of Inland Forestry, Department of Forestry.
5. Department of Urban Plantation, Chittagong City Corporation.
6. Air, Water and Soil Pollution Control initiatives in the urban areas
4.2. Environment in Urban Policy Making:
Air Pollution: Two Stroke Engine Three Wheeler vehicles have already been withdrawn from
the city roads to protect the Urban Environment. These Three Wheeler vehicles were
responsible for majority (around 60%) of the air pollution in the city. Infect, these Three
Wheelers were popular vehicles among the Middle class and Upper Middle class
people/societies of Chittagong City. By this time, Government of Bangladesh has imposed a
Ban on this 2 (two) Stroke Three Wheelers and invited new 4(four) Stroke engine Three
Wheeler Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) vehicles to replace Two Stroke vehicles. As a result
of which, the city and the urban dwellers got rid of around 60% of air pollution by this time.
Drainage and Sanitation: CCC has achieved almost 90% of the Healthy Sanitation by the
year 2005 and expecting to active the 100% in 2010. Regarding efficient Drainage and
protection the Natural Canals CCC is working hard and has achieved a significant progress
already. The Chaktai canal, which was termed as the “Sorrow of Chittagong” previously, is
contributing positively as a Blessing for the city now.
Garbage Disposal and Recycling: CCC is collecting almost 60% of the Household Garbage
in the city and at the same time Inorganic (Polythene, Plastic, Metal, Iron, Silver, Aluminum,
Paper Board/Hard Board etc.) part of the garbage is being Recycled by the concerned
industrial activities already developed in the city area. On the other hand, the Organic
Garbage is being used for producing “Organic Fertilizer” through Composting and remaining
Hard Garbage particles are being utilized for producing “Firewood”.
Plantation: CCC have already taken a lot of programs for Beatifying the city as well as for
protecting the City Environment through Plantation of Tree Sapling on different location of
the city such as- Parks/Gardens, Open Spaces, Road Medians, Road Island, Roundabouts,
Footpaths, Hill Sides, River Banks etc. On the other hand, CCC has taken lot of programs
among the School Students to Motivate and Aware them about the Plantation activities in the
city areas. At same time, CCC has organizing a “Plantation Fair” every year for motivating
common people towards the plantation activities.
4.3. Current Status and Challenges of Environmental Administration:
1. Rapid growth of slum areas: Since Chittagong is the Port City and the Commercial
Capital, people form the surrounding regions are migrating into the city areas for better
Income Opportunities as well as attractive Urban Facilities. As a result, Unplanned and
Haphazard Urban Growth of slum areas are taking place at different location of the city which
is polluting the urban environment at present.
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2. Industrial Waste: Industrial pollution because of the Tannery waste, Garments
Washing/Industries, Steel Mill waste, Brick Manufacturing Industries etc. are polluting the
city environment to a great extent. So, CCC would require a policy framework regarding
Industrial Waste Management in the near future to address the future demand of the increasing
industrial activities in the city.
3. Unplanned Hill Cutting: Chittagong city is a city of Hills, which is surrounded by the
Karnaphuly River and the Bay of Bengal from two different sides. Because of the unplanned
Hill Cutting the Greeneries from the hills are being destroyed and the hills are being leveled
for developing housing settlements in the concerned areas. As a result, the drainage systems,
cannels and the river Karnaphuly is becoming silted. Flash Floods are occurred during the
monsoon period which is creating Environmental and Health problems. Recently the
government has imposed a Ban on the unauthorized Hill Cutting. As a result, Hill Cutting has
been reduced to a considerable extent in the city and adjacent areas.
4.
Medical/Clinical waste: At present Chittagong city occupies around 35/40
Hospitals/Clinics, Health Centers and Nursing Homes within the city area. Because of the
absence of an Incineration Plant in the city these Hospitals and Clinics are disposing their
Wastes in an unplanned manner. The CCC Hospitals, Maternity Hospitals, Health Centers are
managing their own garbage and are destroying the same scientifically. This situation because
of the presence of the Hospitals/Clinics in the private sector is creating a great threat to the
public health in the city. Therefore, an Incineration Plant is highly essential to mitigate the
threat of health hazard with the rise of the numbers of Hospitals/Health Centers in the city.
4.4 Priority Issue and Measures:
1. Unplanned Urban Growth
2. Solid Waste Management
3. Sewerage System
4. Traffic Management
5. Unplanned Industrial Growth
6. Haphazard Growth of Slum areas etc.
Since a proper Urban Planning guide lines could not be implemented in the city, the city could
not be developed in a planned manner– the related Civic Infrastructure Facilities such as
Housing Developments, Commercial Developments, Industrial Developments, Water,
Electricity and Gas Supply System, Solid Waste Management, Expansion of Recreational
Facilities, Development of Transportation System etc. could not be ensured accordingly.
Consequently the urban areas are experiencing a critical Environmental and Pollution
problems during the past one-decade. Therefore, necessary Urban Planning and
Environmental protection Measures should be undertaken to address as well as to mitigate the
prevailing situation in Chittagong.
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5. Environment Indicators
5.1. Land Use:
a. Total surface area as of December 2004
b. Forest area
Forest area in 1990
Forest area in 2004
% change since 1990
% of land area covered by forest in 1990
% of land area covered by forest in 2004
c. Agricultural land
Agricultural area in 1990
Agricultural area in 2004
% change since 1990
Agricultural area as a % of total land area in 2004
Arable land in 2004
Land under permanent crops in 2004
Land under permanent pastures in 2004
157 km²
1.34 km²
1.21 km²
9%
0.85 %
0.77 %
47.1 km²
34.54 km²
8%
22 %
43.96 km²
15.7 km²
9.42 km²
Source: CCC, 2005.
5.2. Waste
a. Municipal waste collection
Latest year available
Municipal waste collected
Population served by municipal waste collection
Municipal waste collected per capita served
b. Municipal waste treatment
Latest year available
Municipal waste collected
Municipal waste land filled
Municipal waste incinerated
Municipal waste recycled/composted
c. Hazardous waste generation
1990
1995
2000
2004
2005
Source: CCC, 2005.
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2005
1000 tones 43,8000 tones
60%
kg 0.50 KG
1000 tones
%
%
%
2006
37600
20 %
20 %
65 %
1000 tones
1000 tones
1000 tones
1000 tones
1000 tones
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
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