1200-1300
1300-1400
ERA
WORLD HISTORY
1202–1204: Fourth Crusade; through Palestine,
unsuccessful (Muslims hold Jerusalem until 1917)
TMA OBJECTS
1306: Jews expelled from France
1420–1436: Duomo in Florence completed
1309–1377: Papal court moved to Avignon from Rome
1455: Fall of Constantinople to Ottoman Turks; end of
Byzantine Empire (modern day Istanbul)
1215: Magna Carta; document that limited the absolute
1337–1453: Hundred Years War between France and England
power of the monarchs, law over rule of kings, the individual
1378–1417: Papal court returns to Rome, competing popes
has rights
1226–1270: Reign of Louis IX, King of France; lead two
more crusades
1290: Jews expelled from England
1295: King Edward I of England establishes the Model
Parliament
(1140)–1400 Europe: Gothic
(843)–1204 Europe: Middle Byzantine
Italy, Virgin
and Child
Enthroned.
(1275–1285)
1279–1368 China: Yuan
France, Window
of a Deacon Saint.
(1298–1308)
1204–1453 Europe: Late Byzantine
France, Madonna
Enthroned. (1390–
1400)
RELIGION
1500-1600
1600-1700
1600: British East India Company; providing monopoly on trade
to the East Indies
c. 1500: Netherlandish painters develop genre and landscape 1607: Colony of Jamestown, Virginia
1620: Pilgrims arrive at Plymouth
paintings
1450: Medici Family essentially rules Florence
1618–1648: Thirty Years’ War; Protestants vs. Catholics
c.
1500:
Beginning
of
extensive
Western
colonization
in
Africa
c.1450–1530: Machu Picchu
1632–1647: Beginning of extensive Western colonization in Africa
1453: Constantinople falls to Turkish army; Ottoman Empire est. 1501–1504: Michelangelo’s David
1639: Japan becomes a closed nation from all European trade
1508–1512: Michelangelo paints the Sistine Chapel
1679: English Parliament passes Habeas Corpus Act
1480: Botticelli’s Birth of Venus
1692: Salem witch trials begin in Massachusetts
1527:
Rome
sacked
by
Holy
Roman
Empire
armies
1494: Medici rulers expelled from Florence; republic est.
1368–1644 China: Ming
France, Diptych. (1350–1380)
1400–1520 Europe: Renaissance
Spain, Altarpiece. (1417–1419)
France, Saint George
and the Dragon.
(1480–1490)
c. 1500: Leonardo da Vinci, Raphael, and Michelangelo
perfect the High Renaissance style
1520–1600 Europe: Mannerism
1223: St. Francis of Assisi founds Franciscan
monastic order, which stronly encourages poverty
1265–1321: Dante Alighieri, author of The Divine
Comedy (written between 1308–1321)
1297: Marco Polo’s tales published, Book of
Various Experiences, created much interest in
foreign lands
1304–1374: Petrarch; earliest Renaissance
humanists, scholar, and poet
1313–1375: Giovanni Boccaccio; Italian writer who
inspired Chaucer, author of The Decameron
Italian, di Cosimo, Adoration of
the Child. (1498–1500)
Tibet, Buddha. (a.1450)
1644–1911 China: Qing
Murillo (Spanish). The
China, Vase. Flemish, Rubens, The
of the Magi.
(1644–1912) Crowning of St. Catherine. Adoration
1655–60.
Spain, El Greco, Agony in the
Garden. (1590–1595)
Probably Egypt,
Mosque Lamp.
(1349–55)
1600–1700 Europe: Baroque
Dutch, Jacob Cornelisz, Portrait
of a Portrait of his Wife. (a. 1550)
Flemish, Morrison Triptych.
(1500–1510)
China, Guanyin. (1368–1644)
France, Reliquary Box of Saint
Thomas Beckett. (1200–1225)
Japan, Bishamonten. (1250–1300)
SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LITERATURE
1400-1500
(1633/1651)
Italy, Primaticcio, Ulysses
and Penelope. (1560)
Italian, Preti, The Feast of Herod.
(1656–1661)
Dutch, de Heem,
Still Life with a
Lobster. (1640s)
1431: Joan of Arc burned at the stake
1439: Council of Florence attemps to reunite
Orthodox and Catholic churches; does not last
1478: Spanish Inquisition begins
1517: Martin Luther posts “95 Thesis”; beginning of
Protestant Reformation
1545: Pope Paul III call the Council of Trent; first
conference on church reform: restrictions on painting
religious subjects
1682: Louis XIV’s Four Articles adopted in France;
places secular power over religious power
1404–1472: Leone Battista Alberti; writes three
treatises On Painting, 1435; On Architecture,
1452; and On Sculpture, 1464
1550: Georgio Vasari publishes The Lives of the
Artists
1622–1673: Molière; French playwright
c. 1675: Baroque composers Vivaldi, Bach, Handel
1632–1704: John Locke
1694–1778: Voltaire
c. 1400: Mass production of paper in Germany
and Italy
c. 1413: Linear perspective developed by the
Italian architect Filippo Brunelleschi
1423: Earliest dated European woodblock print
c. 1440: Johann Gutenberg invents the printing
press in Germany
1455: Gutenberg Bible printed using movable type
1519–1522: Magellan circumnativgates the globe c. 1600: Invention of the modern telescope and
microscope
1543: Copernicus; beginning of modern astronomy 1632–1647: Taj Mahal built in India
1648: Royal Academy of Painting and Sculpture
c. 1500: Dürer establishes engraving as a major
founded in Paris
art form
1687: Isaac Newton defines the laws of gravity
1698: Steam engine invented
1564–1616: William Shakespeare
1340–1400: Geoffrey Chaucer; English writer, The
Canterbury Tales
c. 1234: Movable type used for printing in Korea
1320: Paper money used in Europe
c. 1270–1295: Marco Polo travels to China,
returning through Southeast Asia and India
1330–1345: Bubonic plague (Black Death)
spreads westward through China towards Europe
1290: Eye glasses developed in Italy
1345–1351: Bubonic plague ravages Europe
Toledo Museum of Art, Docent Program | Lisa McClure, Leah Brasch ©2009 TMA