Population and Households in Japan
Tokyo
1
Trends of population in Japan
・Japan had the tenth-largest population of about 127.8
million people in the world in 2005.
・ Japan is entering an era of decreasing population.
Population Growth
140
117.1
120
103.7
93.4
100
83.2
73.1
80
60
123.6 126.9 127.3 127.4 127.6 127.7 127.8
64.5
43.8
49.2
56.0
40
20
0
2
1
1900
2
10
3
20
4
30
5
40
6
50
7
60
8
70
9
80
10
90
11
2000
12
01
13
02
14
03
15
04
16
05
Ratio of increase and 3 age groups
• Main trends; decrease of younger people and increase of
elderly people
3
Change of population pyramid
Japan
• Japan’s population
pyramid classified by age
has been shifted from
bottom-wide shape to a
gourd shape.
4
Population pyramid of 2005 and 2030
14 years
old and
under
65years
65
years
old
and
old
over
and
over
2005
Male
2030
Female
Female
Male
15-64
15-64
years
years
old
old
14 years
old and
under
10 thousand persons
10 thousand persons
5
Aging rapidly
The Japanese population is aging faster than any other
country, which is causing serious problems for society. 20.4%
(2005.10)
Ratio of the population Aged 65 and Older in Selected Co
Japan
US
UK
Germany
France
Sweden
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
1975
1985
1995
2000
2010
2020
2030
6
Increase in life expectancy
Total
Age
Male
Age
Female
Japan
81.9
Ranking
1
78.4
Ranking
1
Age
85.3
Ranking
1
Switzerland
80.6
2
77.7
4
83.3
3
Australia
80.4
3
77.9
3
83.0
4
Sweden
80.4
3
78.0
2
82.6
6
Canada
79.8
5
77.2
7
82.3
8
United States
77.3
20
74.6
24
79.8
23
China
71.1
57
69.6
44
72.7
70
Source:WHO Core Health Indicate (2002)
7
The number of newborn babies is decreasing.
The number of
newborn babies
(10 thousand)
The 1st
Baby boom
Hinoe-Uma
(丙午)
1966
The 2nd
Baby boom
The fewest
Total fertility per woman
8
★ Probable causes of the low birthrate
• A later age for marrying and a increase of
unmarried persons in both male and female
• A social environment that makes it difficult for
women to work after childbirth
• The trend toward a higher education and higher
expense of education
• Increase of the number of “NEET”; young
persons who are not in employment, education
or training
9
A later age for marrying
age
husband
wife
10
Increase of unmarried persons in 24-39 years old
(%)
male
female
25-29 years old
25-29 years old
30-34 years old
35-39 years old
30-34 years old
35-39 years old
1970 75
80
85
90
95
2000
05
1970 75
80
85
90
95
2000
05
11
Population Concentration
• Movement of a lot of
people began from the
high economic growth
era of the 1960s.
• The densely inhabited
areas along the coast of
the Pacific Sea,
including Tokyo,
Kanagawa, Shizuoka,
Aichi, Osaka, Hyogo
and Hiroshima were
called Pacific Belt Zones
which were the centre of
Japan’s industries.
1 dot represents
1000 persons
12
Densely inhabited areas
Population of Three Major Areas (Mar.2005)
• Half the population lives in
metropolitan areas around Tokyo,
Osaka and Nagoya.
• Huge number of commuters to
work and school flow into the
central city in the daytime from the
surrounding areas.
Tokyo
26.7%
The rest o
Japan
50.3%
・Problems; traffic
jams, rise of land
prices, long
commuting time,
air pollution,
garbage disposal,
increase in
Commuters for work and school ( 10 thousands.: in 2000)
crime, etc.
Main new-towns
Nagoya
8.7%
Osaka
14.4%
Within 50km
radius
The Shinjuku Station in a morning
13
Depopulation
• Depopulation has
occurred all around Japan
• Since most young people
have left local towns for
higher education and
work, the aged population
remains.
• The progress of
depopulation, leading to
the disappearance of
fundamentals for life,
results in the collapse of
local community.
Ratio of the elderly
persons in the pref.
14
Growth of nuclear family
Households continued to increase, the size of households
became smaller in Japan; average size of 2.55 in 2005.
• Nuclear family occupied 57.9% of the households in 2005.
• “Married couple only”, and “a parent with child” have
increased significantly.
•
Nuclear
household
10 thousands
Married
one-person
households
couple only
Married coupled
with children
Single parent
with children
households
other
other
1995
2000
2005
15
Increase of the elderly persons’ households
• One elderly person households of 3.86 million and
married couple only households of 4.49 million in 2005.
• They have increased more than 2 times in 15 years, and
occupied 17% of all private households.
• One elderly person 10 thousands
households has
grown by nearly 2.4
times in 15 years.
• They are expected
to increase much
more from now on
1990
one-elderly
person
households
elderly
couple
households
1995
2000
16
2005