How To Conquer Fractions, Decimals & Percentages Vol 1. FUNDAMENTALS 5 2 + - 1 5 % = / -9 7 # > 3 WRITTEN BY + = 4 8 % #% 2> 3 RON SHAW > 5 =6 8% THE ACTIVITIES IN THIS BOOK ADDRESS MANY OUTCOMES IN THE SYLLABUS How to Conquer Fractions, Decimals & Percentages Vol 1 Fundamentals How to Conquer Fractions, Decimals & Percentages Vol 1 Fundamentals to Conquer Fractions, Decimals & Percentages Vol 1 Fundamentals Intelligent AustraliaHow Productions How to Conquer Fractions, Decimals & Percentages Vol 1 Fundamentals First published in 2006 by Intelligent Australia Productions Intelligent Australia Productions © Ron Shaw 2006 First published in 2006 by Intelligent Australia Productions ISBN © Ron 0-9758492-3-9 Shaw 2006 ISBN 0-9758492-3-9 IAP 008 ISBN 978-0-9758492-3-1 Intelligent Australia Productions IAP Box 008 670 PO Hillarys, WA 6923 Intelligent Australia Productions Australia PO Box 670 Hillarys, 6923 Tel: (08) WA 9307 8365 Australia Fax: (08) 9402 2339 Email: [email protected] Tel: (08) 9307 8365 Fax: (08) 9402 2339 Email: [email protected] Copying Instructions The contents of this publication may only be reproduced by the original purchaser for use Copying within their Instructions own educational institution. The publisher prohibits the loaning or on-selling of this publication The contents of this publication may only be reproduced by the for the purposes of reproduction. original purchaser for use within their own educational institution. The publisher prohibits the loaning or on-selling of this publication Under the Australian Copyright Act 1968 a remuneration notice for the purposes of reproduction. must be given to Copyright Agency Limited (CAL). Under the Australian Copyright Act 1968 a remuneration notice For details of the CAL licence for educational institutions, contact CAL, 19/157 must be St, given to Copyright Limited (CAL). Liverpool Sydney NSW 2000,Agency tel: (02) 9394 7600, fax: (02) 9394 7601, email: [email protected]. For details of the CAL licence for educational institutions, contact CAL, 19/157 Liverpool St, Sydney NSW 2000, tel: (02) 9394 7600, fax: (02) 9394 7601, email: [email protected]. This book is dedicated to: Casey This book is dedicated to: Casey Intelligent Australia Productions is committed to raising standards in Literacy and Numeracy in Australian schools. Intelligent Australia Productions is committed to raising standards in Literacy and Numeracy in Australian schools. How to Conquer Fractions, Decimals & Percentages Vol 1 Fundamentals • Postal Address IAP PO Box 670 Hillarys, WA Australia 6923 • Email [email protected] • Telephone (08) 9307 8365 • Fax (08) 9402 2339 Int’l (618) 9307 8365 Int’l (618) 9402 2339 Intelligent Australia Productions is committed to raising standards in Literacy and Numeracy in Australian schools. 1 How to Conquer Fractions, Decimals & Percentages Vol 1 Fundamentals ! # % ( *+ ** *1 * * " $ $& ' ) $& ' , -. //0 0 2 34 2 4 5 6, / 0 6 07 8 . ) 9 . *# *% *( 1+ . $& ' . ' $& 0 ): " , 0 * *! , 1* 11 1 1 1 1! 2 How to Conquer Fractions, Decimals & Percentages Vol 1 Fundamentals 9 , The ‘How to Conquer Fractions, Decimals & Percentages’ series was written in response to a pressing need. Most teachers of upper primary school classes would agree that this area of the Maths syllabus, along with Problem Solving, presents the most difficulties for students. The series consists of four books: • • • • How to Conquer Fractions, Decimals & Percentages Vol 1 Fundamentals How to Conquer Fractions, Decimals & Percentages Vol 2 Method How to Conquer Fractions, Decimals & Percentages Vol 3 Conversions How to Conquer Fractions, Decimals & Percentages Vol 4 Problem Solving The books are sequential, beginning with the most basic concepts in Volume 1, progressing through the steps required to work with and manipulate / , and concluding with examples based on everyday life where students can apply the skills gained from the earlier volumes. 5 & -. < ' 9 5 9 * = ' 9 / 5 0 ; ' 8 = / - & 50 9 / 0 0 8 / 0 / = 5 5 5 9 8 = : 9 0 & = - 5 5 • @ , 5 • / * 6* E 161 E *++6*++ *E *8+E *++F • 88888 0 :/ E* 9 = = 8 0 • • 8 5 • • / 5 / , • = : ' 09 > 5 = ' 0 ' • • ? * 61 E 16 E 6% 888888 * 61 E +8 E +F * 6*+ E +8* E*+F * 6 E +81 E1 F 6 E +8# E# F 8 +A 9 =- 0 5 ' $ B / = 8 @ 7 ' & 0C 9 $ 9 ) 5 7 ' 0C D D8 $ ) - 8 3 How to Conquer Fractions, Decimals & Percentages Vol 1 Fundamentals / 5 5 5 * 5 = = G 9 8 ?* ? *61 5 C1888 0 9 C*8888 ' ' / G G / 8 9 9 / 9 G $' 0 5 C*D 9 5 - ' ' & 0/ / / 5 5 G ' C D8 9 ' 8 8 & / 5 / 68 5 5 5 / 5 9 9 8 / 5 5 6 8 9 / - 5 8 5 : 9 D ' / 9 D8 5 9 9 8 8 ? 5 * ' - & * / / : 5 - ! 5 " 6*+ *+ :* / 888 * * 9 = - 5 05 5 = 0 #" 6% ' & / * / % & / / / 0 // :G % 5 / 8 0 & C0 G 5 D $" 6 0 4 How to Conquer Fractions, Decimals & Percentages Vol 1 Fundamentals * 61 $ H ! 5 / 8 5 $ * 61 8 ! : . 5 : / 5 5 ' 8 : : * 61 . 5 8 61 5 5 ' 8 8 . ' 8 9 61 8 * / 5 : * 8 / 5 5 61 8 / 5 8 : * 8 8 61 8 . ' 8 9 * : 8 8 8 8 * 61 8 5 How to Conquer Fractions, Decimals & Percentages Vol 1 Fundamentals 8 0 ' 9 ' / 9 I . 0 0 ' 0 * 61 & G 888 0 & * 61 & 0 6% / 6 A *6 J * & 5D / . I 5 ' 8 G J*61 K - …………… * 1 5 G 5 = …………… 5 0 20 : 0 C 55 61 : 5 9 /C D 6% E *61 = 5 * 61 & …………… 9 5 …………… 58 9 …………… ………….… …………… …………… ……….…… ! # % ( *+ * 5 * * 9 5 6 E *61 0 5 …………… 61 - *6 - *6% D 8 1 0= 5 * 61 E 16 E 6% 9 ' -5 9 9 % - C 6% A *6% A *6% A *6% * G 8 5 * 5 0 1 6 & G/ 5/ 0 0 0 / 58 61 E 6! * 61 6! 6! 8 5 & 9 5 8 6 How to Conquer Fractions, Decimals & Percentages Vol 1 Fundamentals * " 4 = 6 /8 ' - 5 / *8 18 / & :/ *8 > 0 5 / 8 & C *6 D 0 L8 5 / ……………..…… 5 8 ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..…..…… 55 ' 5 & 8 8 / & :/ / 8 C *6 D 0 5 ……………..…… 5 8 ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..…..…… * 82 5 & / 5 8 / 90 0 J 6 8 5 : 0 / / 8) = 0 L , * 5 * * 5 / / = / 8 5 6 K . = / 6 A *6 A *6 5 6 A 6 / 8 5 0J 6 & 5 !8 0 5 5 #8 0 5 5 C*61D 90 %8 ) = 0 ……………..…… 5 C*61 D C1D 5 * . 5 6 0 *6 / 0 *6 / 5 * 6 A 6 E* ……………..…… 5 5 0 0 ………… ………… / 8 . 5 * 6 7 How to Conquer Fractions, Decimals & Percentages Vol 1 Fundamentals * $ 4 = /8 ' - 5 *8 18 / 6% *8 0 > / :/ 8 & C*6%D 0 / 5 L8 5 ……………..…… 5 8 ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..…..…… 55 ' 5 & 8 8 / :/ / 8 C*6%D 0 5 ……………..…… 5 8 ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..…..…… 82 5 & / 5 8 / J *6% 9 5 0 9 : 0 , 8 / / 8) = L = 90 0 5 ' / / = / 8 5 * 6% 5 / ' / 0 8 * * * * * * 6% A 6% A 6% A 6% A 6% A 6% A 6% 5 5 0 J #6% * * 6% A #6% & 5 ……………..…… . 6% A #6% E * * K . !8 0 5 5 #8 0 5 5 %8 20 5 , 5 * * 6% 5 C*61D C1D / = 5 5 0 *6% / 0 *6% / ……………..…… 5 5 0 0 ………… ………… C*61D 6% 8 How to Conquer Fractions, Decimals & Percentages Vol 1 Fundamentals $& ' *8 7 / * 18 5 = ? 6 * 6 61 55 * * 5 9 * 87 9 / 61 E 5 6*1 58 6 E 6*1 = ? * 84 * 6 * 6 6! * 6! * 6! * 6! = 9 ' 5 1 8 55 5 9 6 E = / = / 9 *1 * 61+ * * 61+ * 6*+ * 55 * 61+ * 61+ 6*+ * 61+ * * & ' 61+ * 6*+ * 6 * 61+ 6 ! 61+ E * 61+ 6*+ * 61+ * 6*1 58 6! E 6*1 & ' !8 20 #8 * * 6*+ E * 61+ 61+ * 6*+ * 5 * : / 9 ' 8 : / 9 ' 8 5 6 61+ 6*+ 6 = / 9 How to Conquer Fractions, Decimals & Percentages Vol 1 Fundamentals ) $& ' ' " *161+ E !6*+ E 6 '" @ $ * * / @ $ 6 8 * C*D : 6 6 * * / 61+ 8 *1 C!D : % 61+ 0 58 8 @ $ 1 * / 6*+ 8 ! C#D @ $ 61+ 9 6*+ 9 : 6*+ 0 58 1 * / 6*+ 8 1 C1D : % 6*+ @ $ 6*+ 8 * / 6 8 C%D 6 9 C(D / C D 0 9 9 1 6 0 0 58 5 88888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888 9 / 0 : 5 88888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888 888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888 88888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888 888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888 888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888 C*+D *1 888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888 C D C D 6 A 88888888888888888888888888888 6*+ A E *+6*+ / 90 8 6 E 16*+ 6*+ A 6 A E 6 88888888888888888888888888888 61+ A ! 8 * 1 8 6 E 6*+ C**D / 88888888888888888888888888888 E 1+61+ 88888888888888888888888888888 88888888888888888888888888888 E *+6*+ E 6 90 8 *1 61+ E 6*+ E 6 61+ E 6*+ E 16 10 How to Conquer Fractions, Decimals & Percentages Vol 1 Fundamentals , *8 $ / 9 * 5 , 6 -. + - 5 1+ 18 $ / 9 * 5 , 6 6* 5 /8 0 ' / 9 8 9 5 0 - 8 + 5 /8 - ' / 9 8 8 888888888888888888 8$ / 9 * 5 , 6! 5 /8 - ' / 9 8 8 9 8 8 888888888888888888 8$ / 9 * 5 , 6 5 - /8 5 ' / 888888888888888888 8 !8 0 5 / #8 %8 $ 8888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888 0 9 ' / 0 58 8888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888 * / 6*+ , 5 /8 - ' / 8 8 888888888888888888 (8 $ * / , 6 5 /8 - ' / 8 8 888888888888888888 *+8 **8 *18 0 5 888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888 / 0 9 ' / 8 8888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888 11 How to Conquer Fractions, Decimals & Percentages Vol 1 Fundamentals //0 , ) 08 , 0- . , 0- 5 5 , 0 C) . 0 1 0 5 9 1 & A 6 / 6 6 C, , 0D D : 8K 5 G 5 0 9 = , * 0 6 & 8 0 0J *6 A *6 A *6 A *6 A *6 E 6 5 0D , 0 5 , : 5 C, G 6 E 08 0 C) . D , 0D 0 5 8 8 C, ' D 1 / 8 6 E *C ' 5 D9 8 K 59 9 0 C, ' D8 , 0 C 6 ' 5 0 G 0 G 8 9 A 6 , ' G 5 A J 5 0 E 8 & 8 8 6 12 How to Conquer Fractions, Decimals & Percentages Vol 1 Fundamentals 2 4 G 9 5 34 2 0B ' 5 0 / * = / *+ J 9 ' 8 B = 4 G ' 5 8 / / / 0 $ = 8 8 G ()*+8 / / = / 9 61 = • • • • - G G 9 5 = ()*+ ()*+ ()*+ ()*+ * 6 6*+ * 61 * 6*++ * / ()*+ = / / ()*+ /8 5 = / 5 * 8 M 5 / 8 8 " C/ * ' * 61 0 5 * 6*+ * 61 5 9 5D 5 9 5D 5 9 5D 6*++ 0 C/ # 6* 5 ' # 6*+ # 61 6*++ 8 $" 0 C/ *1 *1 6* ' 9 *1 6*% 6* 6*% 0 *1 61 61 6*++ = / * ()*+ 0 6*++ 8 0 C/ " " 5D 58 #" # 9 = / * * / 8 * * 61 6*+ 61 6*++ ()*+ / C D 5 C ," = 0 5 9 * 61 A & B 0 JJJJ8888888888888888 9 ' / 9 55 8 D A JJJJ8888888888888888 A JJJJ8888888888888888 E 1 61 888 -" E* JJJJ8888888888888888 13 How to Conquer Fractions, Decimals & Percentages Vol 1 Fundamentals 4 5 5 : / 6 5 1 G 9 6 1+ . 0 = 6+ *++ 9 61++ 6, / 0 & 1 5 * 9 5 * 61 05 / 61 1 6 8 * 6*+++ K - 0 8 I G *61 = K - ++ 6 9 ' 61 8 888 8 , @ G 0 5 1 ' 888 1 / 9 / 0 6 %5 6 5 9 D8 * 1 6 * 5 :/ % / , C!D * 90 ' 6 !E C1D # 1# 6 +E C*1D *1 6 +E C*#D C1!D C *D *1 6!+ E C11D *% 6(+ E C1#D 1+ 6 E C 1D / 0 C !D C *D C !D 6!+ E C #D 1 6 E C 1D 6! E ! E C D 9 1 1 * 6#+ E 6 C D 1 E *% 6 G E - 6!+ E C* D 6 +E C*%D / 0 1 6!+ E C* D 1# 6! E C*(D 6 E C1 D *+ 61 E C1(D 1 6%+ E C ! 6#1 E C*+D 888 6#1 E + C* D * 6%+ E C1+D * 6 E C1 D 11 6%% E C +D * 6 C 6%+ ** 6**+ ? * 6 *! 6 %E C1%D *1 6#1 E C ( 8 6(+ E C(D - 5 E C1 D D + D ! + E D ** ( 6 6 1% 6!+ ? % 1 6 8 0 C%D 5 C1*D 1% ' 6%* E *+ 90 #8 G 5 8 90 (8 @ , C D / 0 5 ' - C*!D 5 0 5 20 C**D 6 1 % E *6 1 ' ' C#D 8 90 1 C1 61 61* E 90 0 ' ' 5 6 E / 0 -0 ( 90 09 5 9 , / 0 K 0 C*D 1 % C #D 6( E 6 E * 6! E 6 %E C %D C D 1* C %D 6 !E + 6!+ E C (D C 1! D 6 *% C (D E C +D 6!+ E C ! *% 6! E ! 6 D C +D % 6(! 1+ 6*++ 14 How to Conquer Fractions, Decimals & Percentages Vol 1 Fundamentals 9 = turtle = reindeer *++ = eagle = zebra 8 = fish 0 11 : / 5 = *++ 5 5 5 = . 2 *++ 9 / 9N 0 + G 0 8 5 9 / 8 5 5 5 01 /0 90 / 8 0 *+ 5 5 5 @ / ' G / /0 90 *+ 8 9 ? I G I / 9 5 5 / 9 9 G8 C / D ? . * / . . *++ *++ *++ *++ *++ (+ (+ (+ (+ (+ %+ %+ %+ %+ %+ #+ #+ #+ #+ #+ !+ !+ !+ !+ !+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + 1+ 1+ 1+ 1+ 1+ *+ *+ *+ *+ *+ 3 3 3 3 "4 3 ' 3 3 5 " 15 How to Conquer Fractions, Decimals & Percentages Vol 1 Fundamentals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ow to Conquer Fractions, Decimals & Percentages Vol 1 Fundamentals . 5 4 4 = *+ 5 0 8 9 8 *+ 5 :/ 5 0? 5 0? = / C D 9 = / ' C D 9 = / ' ! 8888888888888888 C#D ,= *+ 8888888888888888 / 8888888888888888 / 888888888888888 88888888888888888 8888888888888888 9 8888888888888888 C(D +8# 888888888888888 +81 88888888888888888 /9 +8 8888888888888888 9 8888888888888888 +8# 8888888888888888 888888888888888 8888888888888888 8888888888888888 8888888888888888 888888888888888 8888888888888888 8888888888888888 8888888888888888 8 +8( +8% 88888888888888888 8888888888888888 8888888888888888 +81 A +8 A +8 E * 8 8 8888888888888888 +81 59 // 9 - - +8 -5 C*+D . 88888888888888888 -5 C%D @ 5 +8 88888888888888888 -5 88888888888888888 B9 5 88888888888888888 & *+ 888888888888888 88888888888888888 8 9 =0 = //0 8 C D C!D " +8 0? 8 B9 5 B9 5 *+ C1D 5 :/ G 8 58 5 1 G 1 C*D 5 8 //0 //0 *+ :/ G 5 +8 +8! 8888888888888888 888888888888888 +8 0 8 +8* 8888888888888888 +8 8888888888888888 58 8888888888888888888888 17 How to Conquer Fractions, Decimals & Percentages Vol 1 Fundamentals ) , . 0 * = 5 9 5 6*+ 5 5 =5 " / #" / = 6*++ " ............................ ............................ 5 * = 5 3 9 , 0 5 5 =5 +8 % 0 ," . 0 -" 55 " 8 ", ". 0 8 E +8+* 1"$$ $" , 8 E +8* 1"$ . . =+8 + E +8 58 :/ 5 ............................ ............................ =+8 A +8+ E +8 0 0 0 ............................ 5 / ' & ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 18 How to Conquer Fractions, Decimals & Percentages Vol 1 Fundamentals . 9 $ * / 5 9 $ / ' 8 6*+ / * 9 9 *+ / " 0 ....................... #" 0 ....................... $" 0 ....................... " 0 ....................... 5 9 ' 6*++ = 8 8 *++ / 8 8 C +/ 5 $& ' D9 0 8 9 5 ? 8 6*+ E " + 6 ? ," 1" #+ 6*++ -" 1 6*+ E 6*++ " % 6*+ E 6*+ E 6*++ 6 E %+ 6*++ 6" #" 6*+ E *+ 6*+ E (+ 6*++ *++ 6 7" $" * 6*+ E 6*++ 6*+ E + 6*++ 19 How to Conquer Fractions, Decimals & Percentages Vol 1 Fundamentals . 4 G 0 K 5 5 05 & 9 5 & C D 8 & 9 & # 6*+ 5 1"1 6*++ & A 1"- A *D 8 5 1"5 0 5 9 & "- 1"1 E 5 C5 5 0 5 D ............................. 1D 7 N 9 5 5 " # D7 N 9 5 5 #"-, 20 How to Conquer Fractions, Decimals & Percentages Vol 1 Fundamentals ' *8 / 9 9 9 : 8 < / C D * 6*+ +8* *+F 1 6*+ 1+F +8 +F 6*+ +8 !+F # 6*+ +8% (+F * *8+ 18 , 8888 4 = 0 ' / / / ? • • / ? . O 9 90 5 - 8 / 0B 5 / 9 88888 -9 5 < / ? 5 / 0 90 21 How to Conquer Fractions, Decimals & Percentages Vol 1 Fundamentals ............................... ......................... ............................... ............................... ......................... ......................... ....................... ........................ ......................... ....................... ........................ 22 How to Conquer Fractions, Decimals & Percentages Vol 1 Fundamentals ±±±± ±±±± 23 How to Conquer Fractions, Decimals & Percentages Vol 1 Fundamentals , -0 • • • • • •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ow to Conquer Fractions, Decimals & Percentages Vol 1 Fundamentals ): " *+F #" =9 F - +8 0 = G " 6*+ 9 ," !+F 5 9 -" +F 9 =9 7" 1" G 9 9 0 #" 9 0 5 5 / +F8 " ½ ¾ 9 / .................... C 9 0 D8 8 6" 8 ¼ = 9 = G ............................ ..................................... 9 0 7 8 8. 5 5 G9 = 9 = 3 1++! 5 #6*+ 58 0 / " $" 6*+ +81 9 +F ' =9 5 .......................... $" 9 " B L ..................................... ..................................... 9 +8% 0 / ..................................... ' 5 6 8 ' = 5 % F ' - / 5 *- 1/ 8 " *++ 9 58 ' 0 1F 9 ...................... %F " 8 0 ...................... 25 How to Conquer Fractions, Decimals & Percentages Vol 1 Fundamentals B! = # # / $0 / ,1 -% * & * & 6 6 9 * 6 */ 6 9 * & & / / = = % # / $0 / , - *! * & * & 6 6% 9 * 6% 6% 9 */ * % & % & / / = = ( * = 6 E 16! E 6*1 , L > = % 1 - 61+ E 6*+ E 6 *+ $ 6 - %6*+ 7 *- % 9 L % 6*+ - 16 1 61+ - L !- > 0 5 L %- ** # *+ 6* * $ 6! 6 9 L - 0 5 L % 6 6*+ L 7 6 1 L # * * 61 # # 61 $ *1 61 61 * 61 * # , 61 A 61 A *1 61 A 61 E 1 61 - 1 61 8888 26 How to Conquer Fractions, Decimals & Percentages Vol 1 Fundamentals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