FINAL REPORT
TO PRODUCE IEC MATERIAL FOR TARGET BENEFICIARIES OF RETs
Submitted by:
Outreach Nepal Pvt. Ltd.
Digbijay Complex, 5th Floor,
Jwagal, Kupondole,
Lalitpur, Nepal
t: 5011272, 5011273, 5011274
f: 00977-1-555363
www.outreachnepal.com
Section 1: Introduction
1.1 Project background
Alternative Energy Promotion Center (AEPC) is an institution under ministry of Science,
Technology and Environment established for promotion, development and expansion of
Renewable Energy Technologies (RETs) in the rural area of the country. AEPC is
currently implementing a comprehensive National Rural and Renewable Energy
Programme (NRREP) which is Government of Nepal (GON) led and multiple
development partners supported programme for five years (July 2012-July 2017).
Outreach Nepal Pvt. Ltd has assigned as a creative agency to produce IEC material for
target beneficiaries of RETs incorporating major RETs for rural domestic households/
beneficiaries (Biogas, Biomass - Improved Cooking Stoves, Micro Hydro and Solar Home
System).
1.2 Target Group
Rural domestic household
1.3 Project Objective
The objective the assignment is to plan, design, produce and validate an integrated
and user friendly IEC material in Nepali language for potential rural beneficiaries on
RETs.
Project Time frame: June 12, 2014 – July 11, 2014
1.4 Scope of the assignment
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Understand how NRREP is promoting renewable energy technologies and its
usage
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Study the role, responsibilities, working area, technologies, cost and utility of
technologies
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Understand the present level of understanding of rural communities on renewable
energy
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Prepare the storyboard with possible message and share with AEPC.
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Focus group discussion / Pretesting with a group of people to share and validate
product with potential beneficiaries in local level in rural Lalitpur
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Assess the result of pre-test, review of message accordingly and share the final
draft with AEPC
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Finalize the IEC material based on the feedback received
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Submit the final copy in .pdf and .tiff format as well as working file to AEPC with
printed copies
Section 2: Methodology
2.1 Client brief:
Meeting/Discussion session was held with concerned focal person to gain in depth
knowledge about the products:
DATE: 17th June, 2014
LOCATION: AEPC office, KHUMALTAR
Participants
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Mr. Labha Thapa - Biogas Component, AEPC
Mr. Rana Bahadur Thapa- Micro Hydro Component, AEPC
Mr. Prajwol Raj Shakya - Biomass Component, AEPC
Mr. Sundar Bahadur Khadka - Solar energy Component, AEPC
Mr. Krishna Chandra Poudel- Information and Communication Officer, AEPC
Mr. Ujaya Shakya, Managing Director, Outreach Nepal Pvt. Ltd.
Mr. Angad Basnet Chettri, Creative Director, Outreach Nepal Pvt. Ltd.
Ms.Pritina Shakya, Client Service Executive, Outreach Nepal Pvt. Ltd.
Ms. Rashmi Shrestha, Client Service Executive, Outreach Nepal Pvt. Ltd.
DISCUSSED POINTS
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Product knowledge on Biogas, Micro Hydro, Biomass and Solar Energy from the
concerned focal person of different technologies
Discuss on the affordability of local people on each product and understand the
subsidy delivery mechanism.
TARGET GROUP
•
Rural domestic household
1. BIOGAS/GOBAR GAS
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
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Fixed domed design for household purpose (cooking). Popular as “Gobar
Gas”
Composed by decomposition of organic wastes (animal wastes) and used
as the alternative source of energy instead of wood and fuel.
Biogas has positive impact on household health, sanitation and plays a
crucial role on sustainability of clean environment in Nepal.
Almost 3 lakhs domestic biogas plants constructed in Nepal
Cost for 6 cubic meter plant- NRs. 50- 55 thousand for Kathmandu valley
Can be installed in Terai and Mid Hill.
Cost Structure: 40% by consumer, 20% as loan (from Saving Credit Cooperative) and 40% as subsidy (But very less consumers go for loan) – after
subsidy average 10 to 15 thousands
Cost of subsidy varies according the demographic structure and size of the
plant 20 yrs life after installation ( but can be used more than that )
2. MICRO HYDRO (below 100K\W)
• The product is better known as "Laghu tatha sanaa Jal Bidhut"
• Average size (capacity) of project- 35 to 40 KW
• Average installation Cost 4 to 5 lakhs per Kw. Cost Structure: 20% by
consumer, 20% as loan and 60% as subsidy
• Community owned (individual community should form a user committee
and demand through that )
• Subsidy provided as per demographic structure and size of the system
but only for those places where there is not the access of Rastraya
Prasaran Line .
3. BIO MASS- IMPROVED COOKING STOVE (ICS)
•
•
•
•
•
•
The product is better known as “Sudhariyeko Chulo” which include
chimney attached with it and which is design to overcome indoor air
pollution while cooking.
Divided into two category i.e. Metallic Cooking Stove and Mud Cooking
Stove
Metallic cooking stove (Falaame Sudhariyeko Chulo) is made of metal Iron
with chimney and mud cooking stove (Matoko Sudhariyeko Chulo) is made
of mud and Bricks including mix with other different material.
The metallic cooking stove is used for cooking and for room heating
purpose generally designs for high altitude (high hill above 2000 mtr ). Mud
stove (below 2000 mtr) is used only for cooking purpose and designed for
mid hill and terai region
Subsidy is only provided in metallic cooking stove, no direct subsidy is
provided for the promotion of household mud improved cook stoves.
Chulo masters are there to build /construct the Chulo in local level.
4. SOLAR ENERGY
• Popularly known as “Saurya Urja Pranali”
• Product component: Solar panel, battery and charge controller and Light
• Solar energy is converted into electricity by using solar cells or panel
• Divided into two categories i.e.
o Solar Home System ( Above 20 watt)
o Small Solar Home System “Solar Tuki” (Above 10 watt)
• Subsidy provided as per demographic structure and size of the system but
only for those places where there are not other means of electrifications.
2.2 Data collection and analysis
2.2.1 Primary data collection- Field Visit
Discussion session was carried out among the target groups i.e. rural domestic
households/ beneficiaries to observe and interact with the end users of different
technologies.
Objectives
1. To understand the consumer insight and interact with the end user of different
technologies (Bio gas, Improved Cooking Stove (ICS), Micro Hydro and Solar
Home System.
2. To observe the technology installation of Bio gas, Improved Cooking Stove (ICS),
Micro Hydro and Solar Home System.
Location
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Pinthali of Mangaltar VDC (Bio gas, Improved Cooking Stove and Micro Hydro)
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Aapghari, Nepalthok (Solar Home System)
Date: 23rd June, 2014
Moderators:
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Mr. Hari Sharan Dhakal, Resource Management and Rural Empowerment
Center
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Ms. Sunita Sharma, District Development Committee (District Energy and
Environment Section)
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Mr. Akal Lama, Daunne Khola Micro Hydro Co-operative Ltd.
Respondent profile
Occupation/work profile of respondents
Interactive discussion was held among the rural domestic household to understand
their insights. Inter-personal communication (IPC) was made among the target group
which consisted of young-middle and old aged people from Tamang community of
Pinthali, Mangaltar VDC and Aapghari, Nepalthok.. Old age villagers (Tamang
community) couldn’t read and speak Nepali language. Majority of young people were
migrated to Kathmandu valley for occupation.
Profession: Farming, agriculture, animal husbandry (Biogas, Improved Cooking Stove
and Micro Hydro); Tailor, Medical shop (Solar Home System)
Leisure
Majority were involved in household chores, watched TV, caretaking children, tailoring
and farming.
Media Habit
Majority of the young and middle aged respondents watch TV, listen to radio. Dish
Home T.V. installed at the VDC. Most of the young respondents were also fascinated
with football. Television, radio and different IEC materials are the major source of
information for them.
Product Exposure
Product Awareness
Most of the respondents had Renewable Energy Technologies (Biogas, Improved
Cooking Stoves (ICS), Micro Hydro and Solar Energy installed at their home.
Total number of household:
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Biogas: 36
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Improved Cooked Stoves (ICS): 160
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Micro Hydro 12K.W.: 129
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Solar Energy: 35
Source:
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Mr. Hari Sharan Dhakal, Resource Management and Rural Empowerment
Center
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Ms. Sunita Sharma, District Development Committee (District Energy and
Environment Section)
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Mr. Akal Lama, Duanne Khola Micro Hydro Co-operative Ltd.
1. Biogas
The product is better known as "Gobar Gas" among the villagers. Composed by
decomposition of organic wastes (animal wastes) and used as the alternative
source of energy instead of wood and fuel.
Total cost to install: NRs.40,000-50,000
a. Subsidy: NRs.30000 (average)
b. Personal expense: NRs. 20000 (labor cost, raw materials cost, etc.)
Loan from Ramro Nepal: provided with cement and other raw materials.
Advantages:
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Gobar Gas has positive impact on household health, sanitation and plays a
crucial role on sustainability of clean environment in Nepal.
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Apart from cooking purpose, it is also used for feeding animals
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Income sufficient to install biogas
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In addition to the subsidy, extra NRs. 2000 is provided to the marginalized
group by government to install the plant
Disadvantage:
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Though they have sufficient income and provided with subsidy by government,
people do not prefer to install Gobar Gas plant at their home since it is difficult
to install ("khaldo khanna, dhalan garna, mato bharna")
2. Biomass: Improved Cooking Stoves (ICS)
The product is better known as “Sudhariyeko Chulo” among the villagers. In the
village there are both one mukhi and two mukhi chulo. One mukhi chulo is more
popular than two mukhi chulo.
Advantages:
o Almost every household has “Sudhariyeko Chulo”.
o One of them has used since 5 years with time to time maintenance from
the company
o Significantly contributing towards reducing Indoor Air Pollution (IAP)
thereby improving the health of women and children reducing fire hood
consumption and decreasing cooking time.
o Used specially to cook food for animals
o There is a Chulo master / promoter in the particular village trained from
Stove Master Training, (SMT) to build / construct the Chulo in local
level who guide, train and provide the information to the community
people to make the Sudhariyeko Chulo”.
o Economically developed region to install the product.
o Consumers were provided IEC materials in the form of brochure but they
don’t have at present. They can only recall the information of how to use
the product, its benefits.
Total Cost to install “Sudhariyeko Chulo” – NRs. 600 (Excluding labor cost)
o Subsidy of NRs. 100
o Person expense: NRs.500
(Note: Depending on the place, cost goes high)
Disadvantages:
o Most of the household use gas for cooking in the small family where
there is only a couple (husband and wife- budha-budhi)
Findings:
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One of the household still used Traditional Cooking Stoves (TCS) that consume
more fuel wood, responsible for high level of indoor air pollution directly
affecting health of women and children who spend most of the time in kitchen.
3 Micro Hydro
The product is better known as "Laghu Tatha Sanaa Jal Bidhut". An AEPC project
supported by World Bank, UNDP and Rural Energy Development Program (REDP)
started since 2055 B.S. Owned by community (individual community form a user
committee) to generate electricity and demand is generated through that community.
Advantages:
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Useful to generate electricity
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CFL bulb installed at the cost of NRs. 10 for one month (extra cost charge to
watch T.V.)
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Subsidy provided at the beginning during installation of the project only.
4 Solar Home System
Popularly known as “Sourya Urja Pranali” among the target audience. The respondent
has installed Solar Home System since 4 years. Information generated from electronic
shop and qualified private companies and has installed solar influencing from others.
Has used CFL bulb for lighting.
Total cost to install Solar Home System (20 watt) - NRs.11, 500 before 4 years
Advantages:
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Better service till date with servicing time to time from the company.
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Watch T.V., use laptop, listen to music
Disadvantages
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The respondents were not aware of the subsidy policy
IEC Materials Diagnostic
Initial Reaction
(We had showcased the existing IEC materials to the respondents to know their
feedback)
Awareness- The respondent said that they were aware of the previous IEC material
provided to them for the product technology (Biogas, ICS, Solar and Micro hydro) that
was provided to them earlier, but they don't have at present and do not remember the
content and information. The IEC materials were in the form of brochure provided by
moderator / promoter / Mothers group "Aama samuha"
Relevance –The respondent said that the IEC material would be relevant to them.
FEEDBACK FOR NEW IEC MATERIAL
Message
All the respondents want the message to be simple and clear. The basic message
should be understandable to all the respondents. "Educational and delivers new
information."
There are few comments from the respondents regarding the development of IEC
materials. They are:
1. Gobar Gas
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Male to be portrait as the one who is digging the mud to install dome."Purush le
khaldo khane ko photo dekhaune"
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Female to be portrait mixing the gobar " Mahila le gobar peleko photo
dekhaune"
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Children studying below the lamp "bachha haru batti ko muni padiraheko".
'Clean and smokeless kitchen', and 'No more firewood'.
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All the family members should look happy."sabai jana ko kusi bhakeyo anuhar"
2. Sudhariyeko Chulo
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The female villager should be shown as cooking in the Improved Cooking Stove
(Sudhariyeko Chulo) "Mahilale Sudhariyeko Chulo ma khana pakayeko
dekaune"
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Clean environment while cooking food in improved cooking stove " Sudhariyeko
Chulo ko prayog le garda safa vatavaran bhayeko dekauda ramro"
3. Micro-Hydro
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Whole village is brightening up by the lights "sabai gau batti le garda jhili mili
bhayeko dekhaune". The setting should be conforming to rural context that
portrays enterprise development, computer institute, animal husbandry, mill
running, and training in the light of electricity.
4. Solar
- Pictorial information that highlight the product benefits, suggest the use
mechanism, subsidy mechanism and others.
Color and Background:
According to the respondents, the overall color of the IEC material to be light that is
appealing to eye. The setting should be conforming to rural context that portrays the
essence of the typical Nepali perspective.
Empathy –
Most of the respondents replied that proposed IEC material should easily relate to
them. ‘Suitable for people like us, made for people like us’.
Recommended Media Vehicle for IEC Material
The respondents mentioned some media vehicle to design IEC material. They are:
Booklet or Flipchart
- With pictorial information that highlight the product benefits that is simple and easy to
understand.
- Main information on larger font
- Translation in local language as well
2.2.2 Secondary data collection
Study and review the documents (brochure, booklet) which can elaborate on different
product category: Biogas/ Biomass (ICS) / Solar / Micro Hydro which help us to
understand the mechanism with private sector for providing subsidized to the end
users
Section 3: Creative Understanding
3.1 Background
As per the feedback derived from the interactive discussion among the focal person
and the targeted rural beneficiaries, we propose to produce an interactive and
pictorial booklet with simple message supplemented by easy to understand pictorials
which intend to motivate adoption of RE technologies
3.2 Deliverable: Pictorial Booklet (Story based Illustrations with key message)
Rational
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Illustrations are literature in their own right that sharpen the perception,
imagination and increase the sense of observations.
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Story based illustrations play a very important role in capturing the attention of
the public and persuades them.
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The message be well communicated (both in terms of artwork and body copy
3.3 Content to develop IEC material for target beneficiaries targeting RETs
A. IMPROVED COOKING STOVE (ICS)
•
The product is better known as “Sudhariyeko Chulo” which include
chimney attached with it and which is design to overcome indoor air
pollution while cooking.
• This cooking stove increases the efficiency of cooking thus
reducing firewood consumption
• Smoke of the cooking stove is less in comparison to other
traditional stoves, and goes out through chimney thus creates
smoke free kitchen,
• Clean and smokeless kitchen, no more problems like respiratory
diseases
• Less fire wood consumption so not much firewood needed
• Positive health impacts
• Divided into two category i.e. Metallic Cooking Stove and Mud Cooking
Stove
• Metallic cooking stove (Falaame Sudhariyeko Chulo) is made of metal
ie. Iron with chimney and mud cooking stove (Matoko Sudhariyeko
Chulo) is made of mud and bricks including mix with other different
material.
• Can be installed easily and cheaply
• The metallic cooking stove is used for cooking and for room heating
purpose generally designs for high altitude (high hill above 1500 mtr ).
Mud stove is used only for cooking purpose and designed for mid hill
and terai region.
o Mud Improved Cooking Stoves Can be installed using local products
like mud, Bricks, Stone, rice husk (Bhus), etc.
•
•
Chulo Mistri are there to build /construct the Chulo in local level.
Special emphasis on 'Clean and Smokeless Kitchen'
Why Sudhariyeko Chulo?
o Significantly contributing towards reducing Indoor Air Pollution (IAP)
thereby improving the health of especially of women and children
reducing firewood consumption and decreasing cooking time.
o There are trained Stove masters in the particular village to build /
construct the Chulo in local level
o Interested households can contact Regional Service Centers or District
Service Centres, or District Environment, Energy and Climate Change
Section of District Development Committees. .
o But for metallic stove Interested Households should contact qualified
manufacturing and installation companies or above mentioned offices.
o Subsidy is only provided in metallic cooking stove, no direct subsidy is
provided for the promotion of mud improved cook stoves.
o Half of the cost of Metallic Cooking Stove is covered by the Subsidy
provided by government of Nepal through AEPC:
B. BIOGAS/GOBAR GAS
• Popular as “Gobar Gas”
• Produced out of organic waste (Gaai bhaisai ko gobar, toilet ko
wastage).
• Fixed domed design for thermal (Khana banauna), household purpose
(cooking and feeding animals).
• Composed by decomposition of organic wastes (animal wastes) and
used as the alternative source of energy instead of wood and fuel.
• Almost 3 lakhs domestic biogas plants constructed in Nepal
• National Geographical Coverage in all 75 districts of Nepal
• 20 yrs life after installation ( but can be used more than that )
• More than half of the total installation cost is covered by the Subsidy
provided by the government of Nepal but depends on the geography and
plant size.
• Additional Subsidy for single women headed house, backward, Disaster
victim, conflict affected, poor and endangered ethnic groups, Potential
users can contact to the qualified gobar gas companies nearby and
install.
Why Gobar Gas?
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Reduces drudgery specially of women and children
Gobar Gas has positive impact on household health, sanitation and plays a
crucial role on sustainability of clean environment in Nepal.
Clean and smokeless kitchen, no more problems like respiratory diseases
Income sufficient to install biogas – (No big amount of money needed to
install)
Proven as an alternative solution for the growing energy crisis.
Saves time, cost and user can spent maximum time in performing income
generating activities
How to install Gobar gas plant
Individual is supposed to contact the nearest qualified (Manyata prapta) biogas
companies located in the city centers nearby to install biogas plant. The concerned
people visit your home to inspect the place, install the plant, size of plant etc. After the
individual make arrangement of cement, mud, labor and other required raw materials,
the company starts installing the plant. Company should complete the installation task
within one month. after the installation of the plant, the company representative
provides orientation to use the system . The company provide after sales service as
well.
Cost structure
o Cost of subsidy varies according the demographic structure and size of
the plant.
C. SOLAR ENERGY
• Popularly known as “Saurya Urja Pranali”
• Product component: Solar panel, battery and charge controller and Light
• Solar energy is converted into electricity by using solar panel
• Can be found small for household use to higher capacity system for
industrial use
• Can be used the electricity in lighting, water pumping, in TV, radio and
Mobile charging etc.
• Supports to enhance education level of students, easy to work on other
income generation activities in the light of solar, benefit on health.
•
•
•
Interested households can contact the qualified companies of solar
located in nearest city or Regional Service Centers or District
Environment, Energy and Climate Change Section of District
Development Committees for more information.
Company installs the system.
Company also provides free after sales services if there are problems for
a defined period. If any problems appeared in the system, installed
households should contact company who installed the solar system.
Cost structure
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Subsidy provided as per demographic structure and the size of the system but
only for those places where there are not other means of electrifications.
Subsidy program is mainly focused in rural area.
D. MICRO HYDRO
•
•
The product is better known as "Laghu tatha sanaa Jal Bidhut".
Projects below 1 MW are promoted through AEPC. Individual household
can form a user's committee and proceed. But individual household can also
proceed.
Community should contact Regional service centers, District Environment Energy
and Climate change Section under DDC of that district and AEPC to proceed for
the electrification.
Cost Structure:
-
Subsidy provided as per demographic structure and size of the system but only
for those places where there is not the access of Rastraya prasaran Line.
Advantages:
- Resource utilization of local level to electrify the village.
- Bijuli can be used for income generation activities through entrepreneurship in
local LEVEL such as agro processing, cottage industry etc
- Electricity can be increased employment opportunities.
- Can support or enhance the quality of education, health, communication
facilities.
- The access of electricity can save the time and reduces the work load specially
of women.
- It can help the social development of local community.
PROCESS TO ACCESS THEM AND SERVICES THAT THE POTENTIAL
BENEFICIARIES CAN GET:
Qualified companies are involved in manufacturing, supply, installation and after sales
service. There are separate qualified companies for different RETs and the subsidy is
channelized only through such companies.
SUBSIDY MECHANISM:
GON has been providing subsidy to renewable energy technologies with focus in rural
areas. The Subsidy Policy for Renewable Energy, 2069 aims to reach out to more
remote and poorest parts of the country while mainstreaming gender and social
inclusion in decision making to support the productive use of energy for rural
employment generation and economic growth.
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ljkQL lkl8t, ul/j, 4G4jf6 k|efljt tyf ;/sf/n] klxrfg u/]sf nf]kf]Gd'v hghflt cflbsf] nflu yk cg'bfgsf] Joj:yf
ul/Psf] 5 . lj:t[t hfgsf/Lsf] nflu glhssf dfGotf k|fKt sDkgL, If]qLo ;]jf s]Gb|, lh=lj=;= cGtu{tsf lhNnf pmhf{ tyf
jftfj/0f OsfO{÷zfvf tyf o; s]Gbdf ;Dks{ ug'{x'g cg'/f]w ul/G5 .
g]kfn ;/sf/
lj1fg, k|ljlw tyf jftfj/0f dGqfno
j}slNks pmhf{ k|j4{g s]Gb|
v'dn6f/, nlntk'/
kmf]g g+ )!–%%#(#(), %%#(#(!, %%#(@#&, kmofS;M )! %%$@#(&
j]j;fO{6 www.aepc.gov.np, O{d]n [email protected]
Section 4: Outcomes
4.1 Finalized Scripts
A) Improved Cooking Stove (ICS)
;'wfl/Psf] r'nf]
sf]7fe/L w'Fjf km}lnPsf] 5 . efG5fdf bfp/f 7f];]/ cfuf] afln/x]sf] b]lvG5 .
Pp6L dlxnf 9'Fu|f] km'Sb}l5g\ / vf]Sb} klg u/]sL l5g\ .
sf]7fdf 5f]/f 5f]/L k9\b} 5g\ . w'Fjf km}lnPsf]n] pgLx?nfO{ ufx|f] e}/x]sf] 5 .
5f]/LM -wfG5flt/ x]b}{_ =====cfdf== s] ljlw w'Fjf cfPsf] cln ;'s]sf] bfp/f xfNg'; g .
5f]/fM xf] eGof, ofF k9\g} ufx|f] e} ;Sof] .
9f]sfaf6 Pshgf k'?if;Fu} ;"/ axfb'/ l55{g\ .
;"/ axfb'/M -9f]sfaf6}_ cf]xf] lbbL, s:tf] w'Fj} w'Fjf . dl/hfpmFF cfFv}+ vf]Ng gx'g] h:tf] .
k'?ifM
cf]===w'Fjf dfof, hlt eg]klg dfGof xf]Og, cfkm}nfO{ ufx|f] x'G5 s] o:tf]
w'Fjf kf/]kl5 .
dlxnfM
d}n] hfgL hfgL kf¥of h:tf] . al;x]g{'gL r'nf]]df Pslbg clg yfxf x'G5,
xfdLnfO{ slt ufx|f] 5 eg]/ .
;"/ axfb'/, k'?if dlxnf ;a}hgf lrof lkpFb}5g\ . r'nf]]df cfuf] dw'/f] aln/x]sf] 5 .
;"/ axfb'/M
tkfO{+x?nfO{ ;'wfl/Psf] r'nf] af/] yfxf 5}g ls s;f] .
dlxnfM
s;/L yf x'g' efO{ . oL loGnfO{ ufpFmsf] ;]jf ub}{df km';{b 5}g . d
3/a'9LnfO{ s] yfxf x'g' <
k'?ifM
;]jf t ug}{ k¥of] gL cfkm\gf] ufpmFsf] s;f] ;"/]efO{ .
;"/ axfb'/M
;'wfl/Psf] r'nf] eg]sf] xfjf / w'Fjf aflx/ hfg] u/L agfOPsf] r'nf] xf] .
dlxnfM
clg of] r'nf] rnfpgfn] kmfObf rflx+ s] x'G5 Tof] eg g .
;"/ axfb'//M dl/hfpmF== kmfObf t olQ w]/} 5 ls s] eGg] <
k'?ifM
h] kmfObf 5 To} eGg] gL c? lsg eGg' k¥of] ls s;f] <
;"/ axfb'/n] ;'wfl/Psf] r'nf]af/] atfp[b}5
;"/ axfb'/M oL x]/L=== -lrq b]vfP/_ of] lrq 5 gL xf] oxL xf] ;'wfl/Psf] r'nf] eg]sf]
.
dl/hfpmF of] r'nf] agfpg TolQ ufx|f] klg 5}g . xfd|} ufpmF3/sf :6f]e agfpg]x?n] of]
r'nf] agfpg] tfnLd lnPsf x'G5g\ / pgLx?n] g} agfOlbG5g\ .
ToxL kl/jf/df ;'wfl/Psf] r'nf] agfOFb}5 . r'nf] agfpg]n] sfd ul//x]sf] b]lvG5 .
j/k/ df6f], O{6\6f, 9'Fuf, e'; cflb y'kf/]sf] 5 . ;a} ;fdfgsf] gfd n]Vg] .
ToxL efG5fdf ltg} dlxnf ;'wfl/Psf] r'nf]df vfgf ksfpFb}l5g\ .
ca sf]7fdf w'Fjf 5}g . 5f]/f5f]/L kl9/x]sf 5g\ . dlxnf vfgf ksfpFb} c? sfd klg
ub}{l5g\ .
;a}hgf vfgf vfg a;]sf
5f]/fM ;"/ axfb'/ dfdfn] cfP/ uhasf] s'/f l;sfOlbg' ef] .
5f]/LM ca t efG5f klg slQ ;kmf clg w'Fjf klg k6Ss} 5}g . oxL+ al;/xf}+ h:tf] .
dlxnfM of] r'nf]df t bfp/f klg Tolt ;fx|f] gnfUg] /}5 . ca t cfuf] afNg ;f;}
hfpGh]n km'Sg klg gkg]{ ef] .
k'?ifM l9n} g} ;xL cflv/ 3}+6f]df 3fd t nfUof] gL .
;"/ axfb'/nfO{ b]lvG5 .
;'wfl/Psf] r'nf] @ k|sf/sf] x'G5 Pp6f kmnfdn] ag]sf] csf]{ df6f]af6 agfOPsf] .
kmnfdsf] r'nf]sf] nflu dl/hfpmF ;/sf/n] cg'bfg ;xof]u pknAw u/fpF5 .
r'nf]af6 w'Fjf hfg] lrDgL -lrDgL b]vfP/_ o;/L agfOPsf]n] of] r'nf] k|of]u ugf{n]
3/sf] efG5f sf]7fdf w'Fjf km}lng kfpFb}g clg dfG5]sf] :jf:Yo / 3/sf]
jftfj/0fdf dl/hfpmF g/fd|f] c;/ kb}{g .
;'wfl/Psf] r'nf]sf] af/]df hfGg a'em\gsf nflu oxfF ;Dks{ /fvf+}+ .
j}slNks phf{ k|j4{g s]Gb|
v'dn6f/ xfO6, nlntk'/
kmf]g %%#%&#@ %%#(@#&
B. Gobar Gas
uf]a/ Uof;
ufpmFsf] jftfj/0f emNfspg] b[Zo . glhs} uf]7df ufO{e}+;L afFlw/x]sf] . Pshgf dlxnfn] ufO{e}+;LnfO{
k/fnsf] d'7f /flv+lb+b} u/]sf] .
dlxnf -dgdg}_M oL 8fDgfx?n] klg slt b'Mv b]sf xf]nfg\ . cfkm"nfO{ sfdsf] EofO gEofO h'ga]nfF
x'G5 To} a]nfF oLGnfO{ ef]s nfUof x'G5 .
dlxnfn] k/fn /flvlbP/ aflx/ lg:slG5g\ .
3/sf] an];Ldf Pshgf cwj}+z] k'?if 8f]/L af6\b} .
anjL/M -3/leq lt/ x]/]/_ P sfG5L, sfG5L====== .
dlxnfsf] cfjfh leq}af6 cfPsf]M s] ef] < lsg s/f < slxn] j:t'efpn] s/fP/ x}/fg slxn] dfG5]n]
.
anjL/M x}g Tof] ;"/ axfb'/ cfpF5' eg]sf] x}g, 3fd 6fpsfdf k'uL;Sbf klg cfPg t .
o:t}df 3/ cfpg] af6f]af6 cfjfh cfpF5 .
cfPF cfPF dl/hfpmF cfPF .
3/sf a'9fa'9L / ;"/ axfb'/ a;]sf] .
;"/ axfb'/ uf]a/ Uof;sf] af/]df ufpmFdf hfgsf/L lb+b} lx+8\g] ;|f]t JolQm xf] . pm;Fu anjL/sf]
kl/jf/n] uf]a/ Uof;sf] af/]df hfGg vf]Hb}5g\ .
;"/ axfb'/M
3/fF 5Fb}5 . s]lx lrGt} ug{' kb}{g Sof .
anjL/M
TolQn] k'U5 t eGof .
;"/ axfb'/M
tkfO{+x?sf] ^ hgfsf] kl/jf/ g xf] .
dlxnfM
xf]===
;"/ axfb'/M
k'U5, dgUu] k'U5 .
anjL/M
To;f] eP eg t s] ug{' k5{ <
;"/ axfb'/M
dlxnfM
n ;'Gg'; x} t efph' tkfO{+ klg Wofg lbP/ ;'Gg'; .
TofF r'Nxfdf b"w a;fNof 5', . cfuf] lgefP/ cfpF5' x} t d klg .
3/sf ;a}hgf a;]sf 5g\ . anjL/ / pg\sf] kTgL;Fu} 5f]/f 5f]/L klg a;]sf] b]lvG5 .
;"/ axfb'/M
uf]a/ Uof; eg]sf] ======xftn] uf]7lt/ b]vfpFb}==== tL g} ufO{ e}+;Lsf] uf]a/ dnaf6
agfpg ldN5 . TolQn] gk'u] zf}rfnoaf6 cfpg] kmf]x/af6 klg agfpg ;lsG5 .
-;a}n] d'vfd'v u/]sf]_
anjL/M
cf]xf] zf}rfnosf] klg eg]kl5 t uGxfpF5 xf]nf . -gfs y'g]sf]_
dlxnfM
To} t ===
;"/axfb'/M
To:tf] s]xL uGxfpGg dl/hfpmF .
dlxnfM
clg o;af6 ug{ rflx+ s] s] ;lsG5 Sof / <
;"/xfb'/M
anjL/M
;"/ axfb'/M
dlxnfM
;"/axfb'/M
o;af6 gL efph' . vfgf agfpg / aQL afNg klg ;lsG5 . o;f] ePkl5 sf7
bfp/f vf]hL/xg k/]g clg aghFunsf] klg gfz gx'g] eof] .
-xftn] Ozf/f ub}{_ vr{ gL vr{ .
vr{ klg dl/hfpmF To:tf] ljlw nfUb}g . cem nfUg] vr{sf] cfwfeGbf a9L vr{ t
;/sf/n] g} Joxf]l/lbG5 . t/ of] cg'bfg rflx+ anjL/ bfO{ uf]a/ Uof; KnfG6 /
ef}uf]lns If]q x]/]/ dfq lbG5 .
dnfO{ t stf stf dgk¥of] x} . ca ;a}s'/f a]lnlj:tf/df hfGg kfP x'GYof] Sof /
.
To;sf] nflu t dl/hfpmF d tkfO{+x?nfO{ ef]nL kNnf] ufpmFsf] uf]a/ Uof; KnfG6 g}
b]vfpg n}hfpFnf gL .
ef]nLkN6 ;"/axfb'/, anjL/, dlxnf nufot cGo @ hgf b]lvG5g\ .
uf]a/ Uof; KnfG6sf] glhs} 5g\ pgLx? .
;"/axfb'/M n oL x]g{';, dl/hfpmF uf]a/ Uof; KnfG6 eg]sf] oxL xf] .
uf]a/ Uof; KnfG6 ;DaGwL ljj/0fo'Qm lrq b]vfpg] .
oL oxfFg]/ uf]a/ dn ;8]un]sf] lrh xfNg] vf8n 5 .
clg oxfFaf6 rflx+ Tof] vf8ndf k7fpg ldNg] u/L 7fpmF agfOPsf] 5 / oxfFaf6 Tof]
vf8ndf ;a} lrh k7fOG5 .
vf8ndf ;a} dn kmf]x/ uf]a/ / kfgL Pp6f lglZrt\ tfkqmddf k'u]kl5 ldl;P/ To;af6 aGg] Uof; oL of]
dflyNnf] efu h;nfO{ 8f]d elgG5 To;df cfP/ hDdf x'G5 .
xf]===o;af6 3/sf] efG5fdf uf]a/ Uof;sf] nflu agfOPsf] r'Nxf]df nluG5 /
cfkm"nfO{ rflx+bfsf] avtdf afNg ;lsG5 .
anjL/sf kl/jf/ cfkm\g} 3/df 5g\ .
dlxnfM
a'em\of xf], h]7fsf af . dnfO{ t eg]kl5 uf]a/ Uof; ;fx|} sfObfsf] nfUof] .
5f]/fM
xf] af . o;af6 vfgf ksfpFbf w'Fjf gcfpg] ef sf]n] cfdfsf] :jf:Yo klg glau|g] .
5f]/LM
anjL/M
dnfO{ gL bfp/f vf]Hg ag kl;/xg gkg]{ ePkl5 k9\g] ;do klg kfOg] ef] .
dnfO{ t knfG6 /fv]/ df5f kf] kfn'F h:tf] nfUof] xf] . cDbfgL klg a9\5 ls s;f] <
dlxnf uf]7df ufO{e}+;LnfO{ k/fn /fVb} .
dlxnfM vfpm vfpm hlt vfG5f} vfpm . ltdLx?n] vfP g xfdLn] uf]a/ dn kfpF5f}+ . n vfpm .
;"/axfb'/M
uf]a/ Uof; Psk6s /fv]kl5 dl/hfpmF @) jif{eGbf a9L ;do;Dd ;lhn} rnfpg
;lsG5 .
;"/axfb'/M of] KnfG6 /fVgsf] nflu glhs} /x]sf] jfof]Uof; sDkgLdf ;Dks{ /fv]/ ;a} a'em\g hfGg ;lsG5 .
;"/axfb'/M of] uf]a/ Uof; KnfG6 /fVg tkfO{+n] s]xL /sd dfq vr{ u/] k'U5 . / sDkgLsf] nfutsf] cfwf/df
cfwfeGbf a9L /sd ;/sf/n] cg'bfg :j?k Joxf]l/lbG5 .
;"/axfb'/M cem hfGgsf] nflu oL oxfF kmf]g u/]/ jf cfkm} cfO ;Dks{ /fVg'xf]nf .
j}slNks phf{ k|j4{g s]Gb|
v'dn6f/ xfO6, nlntk'/
kmf]g %%#^*$#, %%#(#(!
C. Micro Hydro
n3' tyf ;fgf hnljB't
cf}+;L ufpmFsf]
! ufpmFn]M
@ ufpmFn]M
# ufpmFn]M
$ ufpmFn]M
Pp6f rf}tf/fdf ufpmFn]x? hDdf ePsf 5g\ .
x}g cfh xfdLnfO{ ;"/ axfb'/n] s] ;"/ lgsfn]/ oxfF af]nf x'g\ Sof / <
r9\of] xf]nf gL s'g} ;"/ .
ca s] eG5 eg]+ xfd|f] ufpmFdf gL ljh'nL Nofpg] /], ;"/]n] .
v} ca ;/sf/n] g;Sof a]nfF ;"/ axfb'/n] s] eg]/ ;f]Rof xf] <
ToxL rf}tf/fdf ;"/ axfb'/ ;a} ufpmFn]nfO{ ;DemfpFb}
;"/ axfb'/
! ufpmFn]M
# ufpmFn]M
;"/ axfb'/M
x]g{';\ lbbL alxgL, af cfdf, bfh'efOx?, dl/hfpmFF v;f]vf; s'/f s] xf] eg]+ xfdf
ufpmFdf gL ca ljh'nL aflnG5 eGg] xf] .
ca ;"/n] ;"/ lgsfNb}df x'g] xf]Og Sof/, ;/sf/n] gL ;"/ lgsfNg' k¥of] gL .
v} d t a'lem\bg x} o;sf s'/f .
s'/f t of] ;"/n] a'emfO{ xfN5 gL ;"/};Fu . tkfO{+x?n] x'G5, ug]{ dfq eGg' k¥of]
dl/hfpmFf .
$ ufpmFn]M
;"/ axfb'/M
n x'G5 egf}+nf clg ljh'nL rflx+ sfFaf6 cfpF5 t <
Tof] t dl/hfpmF d}n] h'lQm nfO;s]+ . n lx+8\g'; ;a}hgf 8fF8fvf]nfdf .
vf]nf alu/x]sf] b]lvG5 . ;a}hgfnfO{ ;"/ axfb'/n] ToxL+ nu]sf] 5 .
;"/ axfb'/M oL o} vf]nf xf] xfdLnfO{ ljh'nL lbg] . o;}af6 ljh'nL lgsflnG5, ufpmF pHofnf]
/ ufpmFn]nfO{ xFl;nf] agfOG5 .
ufpmFn]x?M
ljh'nL t lgsfNg] n . clg rflxg] vr{ rflx+ .
;"/ axfb'/M To;sf] klg pkfo ldnfOxfN5' gL, dl/hfpmF .
;"/ axfb'/ j}slNks phf{ k|j4{g s]Gb|sf] clkm;df
xflsdM
eg]kl5 tkfO{+ cfkm\gf] ufpmFdf ljh'nL lgsfNg rfxg' x'G5 x}g t <
;"/ axfb'/M xf] xh'/ .
xflsdM
clg kfgLsf] ;|f]t, nufgL ;a}===
;"/ afxb'/M kfgL t xh'/ dl/hfpmFF 8fF8fvf]nf 5Fb}5, ca k};fsf] hf]xf] xfdL ufpmFn]x? ldn]/
s]xL u/f}+nf s]xL t cg'bfg lbOxfN5 ;/sf/n] .
xflsdM
;/sf/n] cg'bfg t lbG5 t/ ;"/ axfb'/hL /fli6«o k|;f/0f nfOg gk'u]sf] ufpmF
x'g' k5{ gL km]l/ .
;"/ axfb'/M xfd|f] ufpmFFdf To:tf] nfOgsf] uGw klg k'Uof eP dl/hfpmF .
xflsdM
n ;d'bfo ldn]/ lgj]bg lbg'xf];\ clg xfdL sfd cl3 a9fpF5f}+ .
8fF8fvf]nfdf ljh'nL lgsfNg] of]hgfsf] nflu sfd e}/x]sf] .
;"/ axfb'/ / ufpmFn]x? ldn]/ sfd ul//x]sf] .
! ufpmFn]M
;"/sf] ;"/n] sfd unf{ h:tf] 5 .
;"/ axfb'/M unf{ x}g ul/;Sof], ca xfd|f] ufpmF klg emndNn x'G5 . ca ufpmFdf aQL
cfPkl5 oxL+ ;fgf ;fgf pBf]u eGbf rnfpg ;lsG5 .
@ ufpmFn]M
d t Pp6f wfgldn vf]nL xfN5' .
# ufpmFn]M
d t kmlg{r/ pBf]u vf]N5' .
;"/ axfb'/M ca aQL ePkl5 aQLaf6 ug]{ sfd h; h;n] h] h] hfGof 5 To} To} sfd
Joj:ffo ;+rfng u/]/ cfDbfgL klg ug{ ;lsG5 .
ufpmFdf aQL an]sf], /]l8of] l6eL, kmlg{r/ pBf]u, ldn rn]sf], aRrfx? aQLsf]
pHofnf]df kl9/x]sf], l6eL x]/]sf], cflb b]lvG5 .
;"/ axfb'/ /]l8of] l6eL js{;k cuf8L
;"/ axfb'/M clg efO{, s:tf] rNb}5 t Jofkf/ .
ld:qLM
al9of 5 x'h'/ . aQL cfP/ t wGbf bf]Aa/ e} xfNof] .
dlxnfM
ufpmFdf aQL cfPkl5 t xfdL dlxnfsf] sfd klg cfwf ;lhnf] ePsf] 5 .
ld:qLmM
To;} v]/ uPsf] vf]nfsf] kfgLsf] klg ;b'kof]u eof] clg xfdL ufpmFn]sf] klg
/fd|f] eof] .
;"/ axfb'/M
ufpmFn]x?M
xfdL ;a} ldn][/ sfd ug]{ xf] eg]+ gx'g] s]xL 5}g, pp6f pbfx/0f t xfd|} cf}+;L
ufpmFsf] e}xfNof] .
ca t ufpmFsf] gfd cf};L+ xf]Og k"l0f{df /fVg' k5{ h:tf] 5 .
;a} hgf xfF;]sf]====
;"/ axfb'/n] ;DemfpFb}
ljh'nL cfPkl5 tkfO{+ xfdLnfO{ w]/} kmfObf k'U5 . o;}n] ;/sf/n] dfq ul/lbG5
eg]/ ga;f}+ ;d'bfo ;d'bfo ldn]/ ufpmFd} ;fgf hn ljB't cfof]hgf ;+rfng
ug{ sDd/ s;f}+ . Ps d]ufjf6 eGbf sdsf cfof]hgfx?nfO{ j}slNks phf{
k|j4{g s]Gb|n] cg'bfg ;lxt k/fdz{ ;]jf k|bfg ub{5 .
x/]s 3/df ljh'nL, Nofcf}+ cfkm} ldnLh'nL
yk hfgsf/L rflxPdf oxfF ;Dks{ /fVg'xf];\ .
j}slNks phf{ k|j4{g s]Gb|
v'dn6f/ xfO6, nlntk'/
kmf]g %%#^*$#, %%#(#(!
D. Solar Energy
;f}o{ phf{ k|0ffnL
;"/ axfb'/sf] 3/sf] b[Zo
/ftsf] ;dosf] ememNsf] . p;sf 5f]/f 5f]/Lx? aQLsf] pHofnf]df k9L/x]sf] . >LdtLn] klg
efG5fdf ;'wfl/Psf] r'nf]df vfgf ksfO/x]sf] . efG5fdf pHofnf] 5 / ;"/ axfb'/ ToxL+ a;]/
/]l8of] ;'gL/x]sf] .
5f]/LM of] ;f]nf/ aQL /fv]b]vL t xfDnfO{ k9\g slQ ;lhnf] ef 5 xlu .
5f]/fM xf] t gL=== gq ;Fw} 6'ls afn]/ k9\bf s:tf] cK7\of/f] Yof] .
5f]/LM ca t gfsaf6 sfnf] klg gcfpg] eof] xf==xf==
;"/ axfb'/ ;fOsndf ahf/af6 cfpFb} . af6}df sf]xL PshgfnfO{ e]6]sf] .
JolQm !M
;"/ afxb'/M
JolQmM
;"/ afxb'/M
JolQmM
;"/ axfb'/M
gd:sf/ x} ;"/ axfb'/ bfO{ . 6f9} k'u]/ xf] ls s;f] .
s] 6f9f eGg', ToxL+ ahf/;Dd uP/ cfPsf] gL . clg ltdL t .
dnfO{ t 9'Fuf vf]Hbf b]pt} e]6] h:tf] e} xfNof] gL .
dl/hfpmFF d}n] a'em\of eP =
d Tof] s] hflt 3fdaf6 ljh'nL afNg] s] /]===
;f]nf/ ==
JolQm M
xf] To} ;f]nf/] af/]df a'emf}+ eg]/ lx+8]sf] tkfO{+nfO{ e]l6 xfn]+ , clg t eGof h:t]f
e}xfNof] .
;"/ axfb'/sf] 3/df ;"/ axfb'/ / cl3sf] JolQm ;lxt cGo @÷# hgf a;]sf 5g\ .
;a}sf] xftdf lrofsf] lunf; 5 .
JolQm !M
clg ;"/ axfb'/ bfO{ s'/f cl3 a9fpmF g t .
;"/ axfb'/M s'/f t dl/hfpmF To} xf] . ;f]nf/ eg]sf] 3fd cyf{t\ ;"o{sf] /fknfO{ Psk|sf/sf]
k|ljlwaf6 lah'nLdf kl/0ft u/L lah'nL lgsfNg] k|0ffnL xf] .
dlxnf
clg afa', of] aQL /fv]kl5 s] s]df sfd nfU5 xf]nf <
;"/ axfb'/M ca sfd t 7"nf 7"nf klg ug{ ldNg] u/L /fVg ;lsG5 t/ xfd|f] 3/sf] nflu
h8fg ubf{ rflx+ aQL afNg, kfgL tfGg] kDk rnfpg, l6eL, /]l8of] rnfpg /
df]afOn rfh{ ug{ klg ;lsG5 .
JolQm @
eg]kl5 3/sf] ;fgfltgf sfd ;a} x'Fbf] /x]5, xf]Og t .
;"/ axfb'/M xf]=== ;f]nf/ /fv]kl5 s]6fs]6LnfO{ k9\g, 3/sf] sfdwGbf ug{ ;lhnf] kg]{ /x]5 .
;"/ axfb'/nfO{ af6f]df e]6\g] JolQm ! n] 3/df ;f]nf/ /fVb} u/]sf] .
JolQm !M
n efO{ /fd|/L ldnfP/ kfl/nf] 3fd kg]{ u/L /fv x} .
sDkgLsf] dfG5]MM
x]g{'; bfO{, d}n] of] ;f]nf/kftf oxfF kfl/nf] 3fd kg]{ 7fpmFdf /flvlbPsf] 5'
. oxfF /fVbf sDtLdf % 306f 3fd t o;df k5{ k5{ x}g .
JolQm !M
% 306f dfq x}g, oxfF t 3fd g9Ns];Dd k5{ .
sDkgLsf] dfG5]
ca of] Aof6«LnfO{ rflx+ r'nf] eGbf k/ cln cUnf] 7fpmFdf /fVg' k5{, sfFxf
5 To:tf] 7fpmFF b]vfpg'; t .
pQm JolQmsf] 3/df aQL an]sf] 5, klxn] afNg] u/]sf] 6'ls vf]kfdf yGsfOPsf] 5 .
p;sf] >LdtL, 5f]/L aQLsf] pHofnf]df vfgf vfFb}5g\ .
;"/ axfb'/ ToxL JolQmsf] 3/df cfPsf 5g\ .
;"/ axfb'/M P=== efO{n] klg ;f]nf/ /fv]/ /fd|f] sfd u/]5 . clg o;sf] nflu ;/sf/n] cg'bfg
klg lbG5 lg .
JolQm !M xf] bfO{ d}n] klg cg'bfg kfP .
;"/ axfb'/n] ;a}nfO{ ;DemfpFb}
;f]nf/ 3/df h8fg ug{sf nflu glhs}sf] dfGotf k|fKt ;f]nf/ sDkgL jf To;sf] zfvf
sfof{no, lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltdf ;Dks{ /fv]df ;a} s'/f yfxf x'G5 .
olb ToxfFaf6 ;xof]u gkfOPdf oxfF ;Dks{ /fVg] x} .
j}slNks phf{ k|j4{g s]Gb|
v'dn6f/ xfO6, nlntk'/
kmf]g %%#^*$#, %%#(#(!
4.2 Draft IEC material design (Booklet)
(Enclosed in the annex)
Section 5: Focus Group Discussion
5.1 Background
Two FGDs were conducted on 7th of July 2014 at a health post of Chaughare VDC,
Lalitpur among target participants from the community consisting users and non-users
of alternative energy specifically Bio-gas, Improved Cooking Stove (Sudhariyeko Chulo)
, Solar energy and Micro Hydro.
The specific objective of the FGDs was:
-
To pre-test booklets (1 each) on Bio-gas, Improved Cooking Stove
(Sudhariyeko Chulo) , Solar energy and Micro Hydro among the target
participants
The general objectives of the FGDs were also to:
-
Identify the usage and non-usage of the four aforementioned alternative energy
-
Sources of information about the alternative energy options
-
Awareness about the government subsidies (fund)
The Research Methodology
The participants from both groups (Gropu A and B) were people from the Chaughare
VDC. They were randomly selected from all wards depending upon their use of
alternative energy options. The proportion of users and non-users of alternative
energy was balanced. Similarly, the proportion of women participants was slightly
higher than that of men. However, the participation was more or less gender balanced.
5.2 Respondent Profile
Majority of the participants in both FGDs were farmers and housewives. The
respondents came from different wards of Chaughare VDC.
Media Habit
The main source of information in the community was radio, television and cell
phones. The spread of Television was lower because of power-cuts so they
mainly listened to radio.
General Community Energy Options
The community had different energy options tailored for different needs and
problems. Those who could afford usually installed bio-gas and those who could
not afford went for improved stove. Similarly, the houses that were out of reach
from the central government electricity line used solar panels. However, due to
constant power-cuts, usage of solar panels has increased. There is mini-hydro
electricity only in ward no.4 that generates 2-3 KW electricity and covers 20-26
houses.
Despite different energy options, the usage of alternative options in the
community seems to be low. Few people in the community who can afford to
such options were using it.
Awareness about Government Subsidies
Majority of the participants had heard about government subsidies during the
purchase of alternative options. However, only few (2 participants) had used the
subsidies.
5.3 BOOKLET 1- Bio- Gas
Initial Reaction
Relevance – ‘Relevant to us directly because there is much need for bio-gas
for us here’, interesting.
Message - “Bio-gas has no health side-effects as in the case when using
firewood”
Clarity – ‘It is meant for people who have livestock; it can be made from
both livestock dung and human disposal’
Understandability
The booklet was understandable to all literate participants. However, the illiterate
participants were also able to calculate the message conveyed by the booklet
from the pictorial illustrations.
The language used in the booklet was easy for the participants to understand.
They easily grasped the message conveyed by the booklet. The words used in
the booklet were, in general, simple to understand. One of the participants
quoted "Yes bata ta batti pani baalna mildo raichha" (You can also generate light
(bulb) from this).
Content
According to the participants the booklet was very comprehensive and
educational. The booklet mentions all the benefits of using bio-gas, and more
importantly it instructs them how to use it and where to go. It also talks about the
government contribution.
Aspiration/Motivating
According to participants, the booklet was motivating. The participants who have
not used bio-gas mentioned that they have been thinking about using bio-gas a
long time and now they will use it in near future. "Aba ta hernu parla, gharma aba
saasu sasura sanga kura garna paryo" (Now I have to really think about it, I have
to talk to my in-laws).
Interesting
The booklet was found to be interesting especially the visual interpretation which
is very simplified and attractive. The language used in the booklet is very
colloquial and gave the readers a sense of belonging. They particularly liked the
picture of Bio-gas plant in the booklet. One of the participants also said "Maile
esto dekhekai thiyena" (I have never seen something like this)
Empathy
The participants reported that the booklet was especially tailored for community
people like them. The settings, ambience and color used in the booklet though
did not exactly reflect their community but comes very close. However, the
feelings inspired by them are the same. The characters and their names also
personify actual people from villages.
Overall likes
1. The message that it helps to keep our houses clean.
2. The message that it keeps our lungs clean and keeps us away from health
hazards
3. It also gives us information that toilets can also be attached to the bio-gas
plant.
4. Easier to understand
Overall dislikes
1. There were no dislikes from participant.
5.4 BOOKLET 2- Improved Cooking Stove (Sudhariyeko Chulo)
Initial Reaction
Relevance – "Just like Bio-gas, improved Cooking Stove is directly related
to our daily life, it is a good thing for us"
Message - “This is a healthy option compared to open stoves”
Clarity – ‘It reduces smoke from stoves and it also saves firewood’
Understandability
The booklet was reported to be very informative. It shows a clear difference
between situation of using an open stove and situation of using an improved
cooking stove apparently circulating the importance of an improved stove. The
language is simple and localized therefore easy to understand.
Content
The booklet consists of adequate information relating to an improved cooking
stove. It narrates the advantages of using an improved cooking stove. There is
nothing missing in the content of the booklet. Some of the participants said that
they were introduced to some fresh information regarding improved cooking
stove which they were unaware of.
Aspiration/Motivating
According to participants, the booklet was educational and motivating. The
participants considered the concept of improved stove as a very inspiring
technology because of its direct contribution in reducing health hazards. Some of
them have been using improved cooking stove and they opined that it was a very
affordable means of having a good cooking stove. They reported that they are
going to pass the information onto their colleagues and friends.
"Dherai ramro ho, sasto ni hunchha ani dhuwa ni audaina, ghar gaera arulai pani
bhanchu" (Improved cooking stove is very good; it is affordable and it reduces
smoke too; when I go back home I'll tell others about it)
Interesting
The educational and informative side of the booklet was an interesting aspect for
the participants. One of them said "Yesto mahattopurna kura kasari chaakhlagdo
hudaina ra" (How can such important thing be considered as uninteresting).
Empathy
The participants pointed out that in the booklet the whole family are gathered
together to build an improved stove. They said that they could easily relate this
activity with their normal life. The characters too looked very familiar and genuine
especially the women (mother). They said the women character looked exactly
like the women in their community.
Overall likes
1. The message that improved stove consumes very less firewood.
2. The message that it prevents homes from smoke and dirt.
3. It can be made at home with little outside input.
Overall dislikes
1. The color of second section (where the booklet illustrates the use of
improved stove) should be brighter since it denotes a brighter home.
5.5 BOOKLET 3- Solar Technology
Initial Reaction
Relevance – "It is a boon for houses where central electricity line has not
reached"
Message - “It is a process of generating electricity from solar energy”
Clarity –
‘By using this technology we have enough power to operate
television, mobile, radio, bulb’
Understandability
The activities that are illustrated in the booklet are exact and to-the-point. The
language used is easy to understand yet it is equally educational. One of the
participants who could not read easily identified the theme of the booklet.
Content
The one thing that the participants complimented about the booklet was that it
was very comprehensive. There is complete information about solar panel on this
booklet. This was reported by few participants who had solar panels in their
homes. One of them said "Chaine jati sabai lekkhekai raichha, thik chha" (There
is everything in this booklet that one needs to know). Similarly, they said that the
contents are specific and precise.
Aspiration/Motivating
Most of the participants had a workable knowledge level on solar technology as
some of them were using it or they had seen it around in their community. Some
of them did find the information about different use of solar power at home,
interesting and motivating.
Interesting
The participants said that the booklet was interesting especially the pictorial
illustrations of a solar panel on top of a house. The conversation was also
considered as interesting.
Empathy
The participants said that they like all other booklets; they could easily connect to
this booklet. This is also because they have been using solar panels or have
seen others in their community using it.
Overall likes
1. The message that solar panels provide enough power to run television,
cell phones, radio etc stood out.
2. The pictorial illustrations are attractive.
3. The participants said that with solar technology children don’t have
study under candles. (Aba tukki baalera panda pardaina)
Overall dislikes
1. There were no dislikes stated by the participants
5.6 BOOKLET 4- Micro Hydro
Initial Reaction
Relevance – "Very relevant to us where central electricity is not there"
Message - “It generates electricity from running river”
Clarity –
‘With continued electricity we can operate different small
businesses’
Understandability
The booklet narrates a series of activities to bring electricity in a community with
their local resources. This theme was easily interpreted by the participants.
Besides that, they stated that the booklet also conveys details about micro-hydro
with the use of common dialect and attractive images.
Content
According to the participants the booklet provides adequate information on local
co-ordination, local and government involvement to construct micro-hydro
electricity. Moreover, at the end it also depicts the benefits of installing microhydro.
Aspiration/Motivating
The participants said that they were affected by frequent power cuts. Therefore,
arrival of such Booklets concerning micro-hydro electricity was very positive and
motivating thing. Micro-hydro is very relevant to their community especially
around those community areas where central electricity line has not reached.
Interesting
The booklet was considered interesting since it gave them a glimpse of
development with the arrival of micro-hydro electricity. The images of village with
people initiating a campaign were delightful for the participants.
Empathy
Some of the participants came from wards where electricity line had not reached.
They related well to the concept of micro-hydro electricity in their community as
depicted in the booklet.
Overall likes
1. The images of community participation were motivating for the
participants.
2. The participants liked the depiction of the process of bringing electricity to
their community (where to go, whom to communicate)
Overall dislikes
1. There were no significant dislikes stated by the participants.
Section 6 Conclusion
Overall, there were minimal changes suggested by the participants in the
message and content section of the four booklets. All the booklets conveyed
messages that were considered as easy to understand and educational.
However, some of the common remarks applying to all booklets were:
S.N.
Remarks
1
The letters are small. It is difficult to read the conversation.
The font size should be increased.
2
The size of the booklet is small. It should be a little larger.
3.
Would prefer one single booklet rather than four different
booklets for different product category.
There was only one specific remark from participants on the Booklet 2. It was:
BOOKLETS
Booklet 1
Remarks
No Remarks
Bio-Gas
Booklet 2
Improved
The color of second section (where the booklet illustrates
Cooking the use of improved stove) should be brighter.
Stove
Booklet 3
No Remarks
Solar
Booklet 4
Micro-hydro
electricity
No Remarks
ANNEX
Some snaps
from
Field Visit
Location
Pinthali of Mangaltar VDC and
Aapghari, Nepalthok
Date: 23rd June, 2014
Sudhariyeko Chulo
Location: Pinthali of Mangaltar VDC
Sudhariyeko Chulo
Location: Pinthali of Mangaltar VDC
Gobar Gas
Location: Pinthali of Mangaltar VDC
Gobar Gas
Location: Pinthali of Mangaltar VDC
Micro Hydro Project
Location: Pinthali of Mangaltar VDC
Micro Hydro Project
Location: Pinthali of Mangaltar VDC
Solar Energy
Location: Pinthali of Mangaltar VDC
Solar Energy
Location: Pinthali of Mangaltar VDC
Some snaps
from
Focus Group
Discussion
Location
Chaughare VDC
Date: 7th July, 2014
Group A
Group A
Group B
Group B
gljs/l0fo pmhf{ k|ljlwx?
;f}o{ phf{ k|0ffnL
-;f]nf/_
uf]a/ Uof;
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n3' tyf ;fgf
hnljB't
;f}o{ phf{ k|0ffnL
-;f]nf/_
;"/ axfb'/sf] 3/sf] b[Zo
xf] t gL=== gq ;Fw} 6'ls afn]/
k9\bf s:tf] cK7\of/f] Yof] .
of] ;f]nf/ aQL /fv]b]vL
t xfDnfO{ k9\g slQ
;lhnf] ef 5 xlu .
ca t gfsaf6 sfnf] klg
gcfpg] eof] xf==xf==
;"/ axfb'/ ;fOsndf ahf/af6 cfpFb} . af6f]df sf]xL PshgfnfO{ e]6\5.
gd:sf/ x} ;"/ axfb'/ bfO{ .
6f9} k'u]/ xf] ls s;f] .
dnfO{ t 9'Ëf vf]Hbf
b]pt} e]6] h:tf] e} xfNof] gL .
s] 6f9f eGg', ToxL
ahf/;Dd uP/ cfPsf] gL .
clg ltdL t .
dl/hfpmFF d}n] a'em\of eP .
;"/ axfb'/sf] 3/df ;"/ axfb'/ / cl3sf] JolQm ;lxt
cGo @÷# hgf a;]sf 5g\ . ;a}sf] xftdf lrofsf] lunf; 5 .
d Tof] s] hflt
3fdaf6 ljh'nL afNg] s] /]===
;f]nf/===
clg ;"/ axfb'/ bfO{ s'/f
cl3 a9fpmF g t .
s'/f t dl/hfpmF To} xf] . ;f]nf/
eg]sf] 3fd cyf{t\ ;"o{sf] /fknfO{ Psk|sf/sf] k|ljlwaf6
lah'nLdf kl/0ft u/L lah'nL lgsfNg] k|0ffnL xf] .
xf] To} ;f]nf/ af/]df
a'emf}+ eg]/ lxF8]sf] tkfO{+nfO{ e]l6 xfn],
clg t eGof h:t]f e}xfNof] .
clg afa', of] aQL /fv]kl5
s] s]df sfd nfU5 xf]nf <
ca sfd t 7"nf 7"nf klg ug{ ldNg] u/L
/fVg ;lsG5 t/ xfd|f] 3/sf] nflu h8fg ubf{ rflxF
aQL afNg, kfgL tfGg] kDk rnfpg, l6eL, /]l8of] rnfpg /
df]afOn rfh{ ug{ klg ;lsG5 .
eg]kl5 3/sf] ;fgfltgf sfd
;a} x'Fbf] /x]5, xf]Og t .
xf]=== ;f]nf/ /fv]kl5 s]6fs]6LnfO{ k9\g,
3/sf] sfdwGbf ug{ ;lhnf] kg]{ /x]5 .
;"/ axfb'/nfO{ af6f]df e]6\g] JolQmn] 3/df ;f]nf/ /fVb} u/]sf] .
n efO{ /fd|/L ldnfP/
kfl/nf] 3fd kg]{ u/L /fv x} .
x]g{'; bfO{,
d}n] of] ;f]nf/ kftf
oxfF kfl/nf] 3fd kg]{ 7fpmFdf
/flvlbPsf] 5' . oxfF /fVbf
sDtLdf % 306f 3fd t
o;df k5{ k5{ x}g .
% 306f dfq x}g, oxfF t
3fd g9Ns];Dd k5{ .
pQm JolQmsf] 3/df aQL an]sf] 5, klxn] afNg] u/]sf] 6'ls vf]kfdf
yGsfOPsf] 5 . p;sf] >LdtL, 5f]/L aQLsf] pHofnf]df vfgf vfFb}5g\ .
ca of] Aof6«LnfO{
rflxF r'nf] eGbf k/
cln cUnf] 7fpmFdf /fVg' k5{,
sfFxf 5 To:tf] 7fpmFF
b]vfpg'; t .
;"/ axfb'/ ToxL JolQmsf] 3/df cfPsf 5g\ .
P efO{n] klg ;f]nf/ /fv]/
/fd|f] sfd u/]5 .
clg o:sf] nflu
;/sf/n] cg'bfg klg lbG5 gL.
xf] bfO{, d}n] klg
cg'bfg kfP.
;f]nf/ 3/df h8fg
ug{sf nflu glhs}sf] dfGotf k|fKt ;f]nf/
sDkgL jf To;sf] zfvf sfof{no, lhNnf ljsf;
;ldltdf ;Dks{ /fv]df ;a} s'/f yfxf x'G5 .
olb ToxfFaf6 ;xof]u gkfOPdf oxfF ;Dks{ /fVg] x} .
j}slNks phf{ k|j4{g s]Gb|
v'dn6f/ xfO6, nlntk'/
kmf]g %%#^*$#, %%#(#(!
;f}o{ phf{ k|0ffnL -;f]nf/_
b'u{d u|fld0f If]qx? hxfF /fli6«o k|;f/0f nfOg pknAw 5}g tL 7fFpsf
3/3/df lah'nL afNg, /]l8of] l6=eL= tyf cGo sd Ifdtfsf] ljB'tLo
pks/0fx? rnfpg ;f}o{ phf{ k|0ffnL Ps dfq e/kbf]{ pkfo xf] . ;d'bfo
;d'bfo ldn]/ ufFpd} ;fgf hn ljB't cfof]hgf ;~rfng ug{ ;lsG5 .
Ps d]ufjf6 eGbf sdsf cof]hgfx?nfO{ j}slNks phf{ k|j4{g s]Gb|n]
cg'bfg ;lxt k/fdz{ ;]jf k|bfg ub{5 .
;'wfl/Psf] r'nf]
sf]7fe/L w'“jf km}lnPsf] 5 . efG5fdf bfp/f 7f];]/ cfuf] afln/x]sf]
b]lvG5 .
sf]7fdf 5f]/f 5f]/L k9\b} 5g\ . w'“jf km}lnPsf]n] pgLx?nfO{
ufx|f] e}/x]sf] 5 .
cfdf=== s] ljlw w'“jf
cfPsf] cln ;'s]sf] bfp/f
xfNg';\ g .
xf] eGof, of“ k9\g}
ufx|f] e} ;Sof] .
Pp6L dlxnf 9'“u|f] km'Sb}l5g\ / vf]Sb} klg u/]sL l5g\ .
9f]sfaf6 Pshgf k'?if;“u} ;"/ axfb'/ l55{g\ .
cf]xf] lbbL,
s:tf] w'“j} w'“jf .
dl/hfpm“ cf“v}+
vf]Ng gx'g] h:tf] .
d}n] hfgL hfgL kf¥of h:tf] .
al;x]g{'gL r'nf]]df Pslbg clg
yfxf x'G5, xfdLnfO{ slt
ufx|f] 5 eg]/ .
cf]===w'“jf dfof,
hlt eg]klg
dfGof xf]Og,
cfkm}nfO{ ufx|f]
x'G5 s] o:tf]
w'“jf kf/]kl5 .
;"/ axfb'/, k'?if, dlxnf ;a}hgf lrof lkp“b}5g\ . r'nf]]df cfuf]
dw'/f] aln/x]sf] 5 .
s;/L yf x'g' efO{ . oL loGnfO{
ufp“msf] ;]jf ub}{df km';{b 5}g .
d 3/a'9LnfO{ s] yfxf x'g' <
tkfO{+x?nfO{
;'wfl/Psf] r'nf]
af/] yfxf 5}g
ls s;f] <
;]jf t ug}{ k¥of]
lg cfgf] ufpm“sf]
s;f] ;"/]efO{ .
clg of] r'nf]
rnfpgfn] kmfObf
rflx“ s] x'G5 Tof]
eg g .
;'wfl/Psf] r'nf] eg]sf] xfjf / w'“jf
aflx/ hfg] u/L agfOPsf] r'nf] xf] .
dl/hfpm“===
kmfObf t olQ
w]/} 5 ls s]
eGg] <
h] kmfObf 5 To}
eGg] gL c?
lsg eGg' k¥of]
ls s;f] <
;"/ axfb'/n] ;'wfl/Psf] r'nf]af/] atfpb}5
ToxL kl/jf/df ;'wfl/Psf] r'nf] agfO“b}5 .
oL x]/L===of] lrq 5 gL xf] oxL xf]
;'wfl/Psf] r'nf] eg]sf] .
dl/hfpm“ of] r'nf] agfpg TolQ ufx|f] klg
5}g . xfd|} ufpm“3/sf :6f]e agfpg]x?n] of] r'nf] agfpg] tflnd lnPsf
x'G5g\ / pgLx?n] g} agfOlbG5g\ .
r'nf] agfpg]n] sfd ul//x]sf] b]lvG5 . j/k/ df6f], O{6\6f,
9'·f, e'; cflb y'kf/]sf] 5 . ;a} ;fdfgsf] gfd n]Vg] .
ToxL efG5fdf ltg} dlxnf ;'wfl/Psf] r'nf]df vfgf ksfp“b}l5g\ .
ca sf]7fdf w'“jf 5}g . 5f]/f5f]/L kl9/x]sf 5g\ . dlxnf vfgf
ksfp“b} c? sfd klg ub}{l5g\ .
of] r'nf]df t bfp/f
klg Tolt ;fx|f]
gnfUg] /}5 . ca t
cfuf] afNg ;f;}
hfpGh]n km'Sg klg
gkg]{ ef] .
ca t efG5f
klg slQ ;kmf clg w'“jf klg
k6Ss} 5}g . oxL+ al;/xf}+
h:tf] .
l9n} g} ;xL cflv/
3}+6f]df 3fd t nfUof]
lg .
;"/ axfb'/ dfdfn]
cfP/ uhasf] s'/f
l;sfOlbg' ef] .
;"/ axfb'/nfO{ b]lvG5 .
kmnfdsf] r'nf]sf]
nflu dl/hfpm“
;/sf/n] cg'bfg
;xof]u pknAw
u/fp“5 .
;'wfl/Psf] r'nf]sf] af/]df
hfGg a'em\gsf nflu oxf“
;Dks{ /fvf+}+ .
j}slNks phf{ k|j4{g s]Gb|
v'dn6f/ xfO6, nlntk'/
;'wfl/Psf] r'nf] @
k|sf/sf] x'G5 Pp6f
kmnfdn] ag]sf] csf]{
df6f]af6 agfOPsf] .
r'nf]af6 w'“jf hfg] lrDgL o;/L agfOPsf]n]
of] r'nf] k|of]u ugf{n] 3/sf] efG5f sf]7fdf
w'“jf km}lng kfp“b}g clg dfG5]sf] :jf:Yo /
3/sf] jftfj/0fdf dl/hfpm“ g/fd|f] c;/
kb}{g .
kmf]g %%#^*$#,
%%#(#(!
;'wfl/Psf] r'nf]
af]6la?jf / hLjhGt'af6 k|fKt ul/g] pmhf{nfO{ g} ……h}ljs pmhf{ÚÚ elgG5 .
h}ljs pmhf{nfO{ l;w} jf ljleGg k|ljlw dfkm{t 7f];, Uof; jf t/n OGwgsf]
?kdf k|of]u ug{ ;lsG5 . h}ljs pmhf{sf] k|efjsfl/tf j[l4 ug{ k|of]u /
k|zf]wgsf ljleGg ljsNkx?sf] ljsf; / lj:tf/ eO/x]sf 5g\ . tL dWo]
;'wfl/Psf] r'nf] OGwgsf] k|efjsfl/tf a9fpg] / 3/ leqsf] w'jfF sd ug]{
;a}eGbf ;:tf] / ;/n k|ljlw xf] .
uf]a/ Uof;
3/sf] an];Ldf Pshgf cwj}+z] k'?if 8f]/L af6\b} .
glhs} uf]7df ufO{e}+;L af“lw/x]sf] . Pshgf dlxnfn]
ufO{e}+;LnfO{ k/fnsf] d'7f /flvlb+b} u/]sf] .
oL
8fDgfx?n] klg
slt b'Mv b]sf xf]nfg\ .
cfkm"nfO{ sfdsf] EofO gEofO
h'ga]nf“ x'G5 To} a]nf“
loGnfO{ ef]s nfUof
x'G5 .
P sfG5L, sfG5L======.
s] ef] < lsg s/f <
slxn] j:t'efpn] s/fP/
x}/fg slxn] dfG5]n] .
x}g Tof] ;"/ axfb'/ cfp“5' eg]sf] x}g,
3fd 6fpsfdf k'uL;Sbf klg cfPg t .
dlxnfn] k/fn /flvlbP/ aflx/ lg:slG5g\ .
o:t}df 3/ cfpg] af6f]af6 cfjfh cfp“5 .
;"/ axfb'/ uf]a/ Uof;sf] af/]df ufpm“df hfgsf/L lb+b} lx8\g] ;|f]t JolQm xf] .
pm;“u anjL/sf] kl/jf/n] uf]a/ Uof;sf] af/]df hfGg vf]Hb}5g\ .
3/f“ 5“b}5 .
s]lx lrGt} ug{'
kb}{g Sof .
cfP“ cfP“
dl/hfpm“ cfP“ .
tkfO{+x?sf] ^
hgfsf] kl/jf/
g xf] .
TolQn] k'U5 t eGof .
xf]===
k'U5,
dgUu] k'U5 .
To;f] eP eg
t s] ug{' k5{ <
3/sf ;a}hgf a;]sf 5g\ . anjL/ / pg\sf] kTgL;“u} 5f]/f 5f]/L
klg a;]sf] b]lvG5 . uf]a/ Uof; eg]sf]===xftn] uf]7lt/ b]vfp“b}=== tL g} ufO{
e}+;Lsf] uf]a/ dnaf6 agfpg ldN5 . TolQn] gk'u]
zf}rfnoaf6 cfpg] kmf]x/af6 klg agfpg ;lsG5 .
To} t ===
cf]xf]
zf}rfnosf]
klg eg]kl5 t
uGxfp“5 xf]nf .
n ;'Gg'; x} t efph' tkfO{+ klg
Wofg lbP/ ;'Gg'; .
Tof“ r'Nxfdf b"w a;fNof 5' .
cfuf] lgefP/ cfp“5' x} t d klg .
o;af6 gL efph' . vfgf agfpg / aQL afNg klg
;lsG5 . o;f] ePkl5 sf7 bfp/f vf]hL/xg k/]g clg
jgh+unsf] klg gfz gx'g] eof] .
clg o;af6 ug{ rflx“
s] s] ;lsG5 Sof / <
dnfO{ t stf stf
dgk¥of] x} . ca
;a}s'/f a]lnlj:tf/df hfGg kfP
x'GYof] Sof / .
vr{ gL
vr{ .
vr{ klg dl/hfpm“ To:tf] ljlw nfUb}g . cem nfUg] vr{sf] cfwfeGbf
a9L vr{ t ;/sf/n] g} Joxf]l/lbG5 . t/ of] cg'bfg rflx“ anjL/ bfO{
uf]a/ Uof; KnfG6 / ef}uf]lns If]q x]/]/ dfq lbG5 .
To;sf] nflu t dl/hfpm“ d
tkfO{+x?nfO{ ef]nL kNnf]
ufpm“sf] uf]a/ Uof; KnfG6 g}
b]vfpg n}hfp“nf gL .
ef]nLkN6 ;"/axfb'/, anjL/, dlxnf nufot cGo @ hgf b]lvG5g\ .
uf]a/ Uof; KnfG6sf] glhs} 5g\ pgLx? .
oL oxf“g]/ uf]a/ dn ;8]un]sf]
lrh xfNg] vf8n 5 .
clg oxf“af6 rflx“ Tof] vf8ndf k7fpg
ldNg] u/L 7fpm“ agfOPsf] 5 / oxf“af6
Tof] vf8ndf ;a} lrh k7fOG5 .
n oL x]g{';, dl/hfpm“ uf]a/ Uof;
KnfG6 eg]sf] oxL xf] .
vf8ndf ;a} dn kmf]x/ uf]a/ / kfgL Pp6f lglZrt\ tfkqmddf
k'u]kl5 ldl;P/ To;af6 aGg] Uof; oL of] dflyNnf]
efu h;nfO{ 8f]d elgG5 To;df cfP/ hDdf x'G5 .
anjL/sf kl/jf/ cfg}
3/df 5g\ .
xf] af . o;af6 vfgf ksfp“bf
w'“jf gcfpg] efsf]n] cfdfsf]
:jf:Yo klg glau|g] .
a'em\of xf],
h]7fsf af . dnfO{ t
eg]kl5 uf]a/ Uof; ;fx|}
sfObfsf] nfUof] .
xf]===o;af6 3/sf] efG5fdf uf]a/
Uof;sf] nflu agfOPsf] r'Nxf]df nluG5
/ cfkm"nfO{ rflx“bfsf] avtdf afNg ;lsG5 .
dlxnf uf]7df ufO{e}+;LnfO{ k/fn /fVb} .
vfpm vfpm
hlt vfG5f} vfpm .
ltdLx?n] vfP g xfdLn]
uf]a/ dn kfp“5f}+ .
n vfpm .
dnfO{ gL bfp/f
vf]Hg jg
kl;/xg gkg]{
ePkl5 k9\g]
;do
klg kfOg] ef] .
uf]a/ Uof; Psk6s /fv]kl5
dl/hfpm“ @) jif{eGbf a9L ;do;Dd
;lhn} rnfpg ;lsG5 .
dnfO{ t knfG6 /fv]/
df5f kf] kfn'“ h:tf]
nfUof] xf] . cDbfgL
klg a9\5 ls s;f] <
cem hfGgsf] nflu oL oxf“
kmf]g u/]/ jf cfkm} cfO{
;Dks{ /fVg'xf]nf .
j}slNks phf{ k|j4{g s]Gb|
v'dn6f/ xfO6, nlntk'/
of] KnfG6 /fVgsf]
nflu glhs} /x]sf]
afof] Uof; sDkgLdf
;Dks{ /fv]/ ;a}
a'em\g hfGg ;lsG5 .
of] uf]a/ Uof; KnfG6 /fVg tkfO{+n] s]xL /sd
dfq vr{ u/] k'U5 . / sDkgLsf] nfutsf]
cfwf/df cfwfeGbf a9L /sd ;/sf/n] cg'bfg
:j?k Joxf]l/lbG5 .
kmf]g %%#^*$#,
%%#(#(!
uf]a/ Uof;
afof] Uof; eg]sf] uf]a/nfO{ s'xfP/ To;af6 lgsflng] Ps lsl;dsf] Uof; xf] hf]
Hjnglzn x'G5 / vfgf ksfpg tyf alQ afNg k|of]u ug{ ;lsG5 . afof] Uof;df
%) b]lv &) k|ltzt ldy]g gfds Uof; x'G5 / of] uGw /lxt x'G5 . afof] Uof;df
cGo Uof; klg ldl;Psf] x'g] x'Fbf of] l;ln08/ Uof; h:tf] k8\lsP/ cfuf] nfUg]
vt/faf6 d'Qm x'G5 . afof] Uof; agfpg Pp6f vf8n vlgG5 h;df l;d]G6,
O{§f, 9'Ëf cflbaf6 Pp6f ;+/rgf tof/ ul/G5 h;nfO{ 9nfg u/]/ 9flsPsf] x'G5
. Psftkm{ uf]a/ xfNg] 7fFp -Ogn]6_ / csf]{tkm{ kr]sf] uf]a/ lg:sg] efu
-cfp6n]6_ agfOPsf] x'G5 . aLrsf] d'Vo vf8ndf xflng] uf]a/ / kfgLsf]
ld>0fnfO{ lglZrt tfkqmd ePkl5 To;af6 Uof; aG5 / vf8nsf] dflyNnf] efu
-8f]d_ df hDdf eP/ a:5 h;nfO{ kfOksf] dfWodaf6 efG;f sf]7fdf nluG5 /
afof] Uof;sf] nflu agfOPsf] r'Nxf]df hf]l8G5 . o;/L Uof; r'Nxf]nfO{ ;dodf
afn]/ vfgf ksfpg ;lsG5 .
n3' tyf ;fgf
hnljB't
cf}+;L ufpmFsf] Pp6f rf}tf/fdf
ufpmFn]x? hDdf ePsf 5g\ .
x}g cfh xfdLnfO{
;"/ axfb'/n] s] ;"/ lgsfn]/
oxfF af]nf x'g\ Sof / <
r9\of] xf]nf lg s'g} ;"/ .
ca s] eG5 eg]+
xfd|f] ufpmFdf gL ljh'nL
Nofpg] /], ;"/]n] .
v} ca ;/sf/n]
g;Sof a]nfF ;"/ axfb'/n]
s] eg]/ ;f]Rof xf] <
ToxL rf}tf/fdf ;"/ axfb'/ ;a} ufpmFn]nfO{ ;DemfpFb}
x]g{';\ lbbL–alxgL, af–cfdf,
bfh'efOx?, dl/hfpmFF v;f]vf;
s'/f s] xf] eg]+ xfdf|] ufpmFdf lg ca
ljh'nL aflnG5 eGg] xf] .
ca ;"/n] ;"/ lgsfNb}df
x'g] xf]Og Sof/, ;/sf/n]
gL ;"/ lgsfNg' k¥of] gL .
v} d t a'lem\bg
x} o;sf s'/f .
s'/f t of] ;"/n] a'emfO{
xfN5 gL ;"/};Fu . tkfO{+x?n] x'G5,
ug]{dfq eGg' k¥of] dl/hfpmF .
vf]nf alu/x]sf] b]lvG5 .
;a}hgfnfO{ ;"/ axfb'/n] ToxL+ nu]sf] 5 .
n x'G5 egf}+nf clg ljh'nL
rflxF sfFaf6 cfpF5 t <
Tof] t dl/hfpmF d}n]
h'lQm nfO;s]+ . n lx+8\g';
;a}hgf 8fF8fvf]nfdf .
oL o} vf]nf xf] xfdLnfO{ ljh'nL lbg] .
o;}af6 ljh'nL lgsflnG5, ufpmF pHofnf]
/ ufpmFn]nfO{ xFl;nf] agfOG5.
ljh'nL t lgsfNg] n .
clg rflxg] vr{ rflxF .
;"/ axfb'/ j}slNks phf{ k|j4{g s]Gb|sf] clkm;df
To;sf] klg pkfo
ldnfOxfN5' gL, dl/hfpmF .
eg]kl5 tkfO{+ cfˆgf] ufpmFdf
ljh'nL lgsfNg rfxg' x'G5 x}g t <
xf] xh'/ .
clg kfgLsf] ;|f]t, nufgL ;a}===
;/sf/n] cg'bfg t lbG5 t/ ;"/ axfb'/hL /fli6«o
k|;f/0f nfOg gk'u]sf] ufpmF x'g' k5{ gL km]l/ .
xfd|f] ufpmFFdf To:tf]
nfOgsf] uGw klg k'Uof
eP dl/hfpmF .
kfgL t xh'/ dl/hfpmFF
8fF8fvf]nf 5Fb}5, ca k};fsf] hf]xf]
xfdL ufpmFn]x? ldn]/ s]xL u/f}+nf s]xL
t cg'bfg lbOxfN5 ;/sf/n] .
8fF8fvf]nfdf ljh'nL lgsfNg] of]hgfsf] nflu sfd e}/x]sf] .
;"/ axfb'/ / ufpmFn]x? ldn]/ sfd ul//x]sf] .
n ;d'bfo ldn]/ lgj]bg lbg'xf];\
clg xfdL sfd cl3 a9fpF5f}+ .
d t Pp6f wfgldn vf]nL xfN5' .
;"/sf] ;"/n] sfd
unf{ h:tf] 5 .
d t kmlg{r/ pwf]u vf]N5'.
unf{ x}g ul/;Sof], ca xfd|f] ufpmF
klg emndNn x'G5 . ca ufpmFdf aQL
cfPkl5 oxL+ ;fgf ;fgf pBf]u wGbf
rnfpg ;lsG5 .
ufpmFdf aQL an]sf], /]l8of] l6=eL=, kmlg{r/ pwf]u, ldn rn]sf],
aRrfx? aQLsf] pHofnf]df kl9/x]sf], l6eL x]/]sf], cflb b]lvG5.
ca aQL ePkl5 aQLaf6 ug]{ sfd
h; h;n] h] h] hfGof 5 To} To} sfd Joj:ffo
;~rfng u/]/ cfDbfgL klg ug{ ;lsG5 .
;"/ axfb'/ /]l8of] l6=eL= js{;k cuf8L
clg efO{, s:tf] rNb}5
t Jofkf/ .
al9of 5 x'h'/ . aQL cfP/
t wGbf bf]Aa/ e} xfNof] .
ufpmFdf aQL cfPkl5 t xfdL dlxnfsf
sfd klg cfwf ;lhnf] ePsf] 5 .
To;} v]/ uPsf] vf]nfsf]
kfgLsf] klg ;b'kof]u eof] clg
xfdL ufpmFn]sf] klg /fd|f] eof] .
xfdL ;a} ldn]/ sfd ug]{ xf]
eg]+ gx'g] s]xL 5}g, Pp6f pbfx/0f t
xfd|} cf}+;L ufpmFsf] e}xfNof] .
ca t ufpmFsf] gfd cf};L+ xf]Og
k"l0f{df /fVg' k5{ h:tf] 5 .
;a} hgf xfF;]sf]====
ljh'nL cfPkl5 tkfO{+ xfdLnfO{ w]/} kmfObf k'U5 . o;}n] ;/sf/n]
dfq ul/lbG5 eg]/ ga;f}+ ;d'bfo ;d'bfo ldn]/ ufpmFd} ;fgf hn
ljB't cfof]hgf ;~rfng ug{ sDd/ s;f}+ . Ps d]ufjf6 eGbf
sdsf cfof]hgfx?nfO{ j}slNks phf{ k|j4{g s]Gb|n] cg'bfg ;lxt
k/fdz{ ;]jf k|bfg ub{5 .
x/]s 3/df ljh'nL,
Nofcf}+ cfkm} ldnLh'nL
n3' tyf ;fgf hnljB't
Ps d]ufjf6 eGbf sdsf cfof]hgfx?nfO{ j}slNks phf{ k|j4{g s]Gb|n] cg'bfg ;lxt k/fdz{ ;]jf k|bfg
ub{5 . ;d'bfo ;d'bfo ldn]/ ufpmFd} ;fgf hn ljB't cfof]hgf ;~rfng ug{ ;lsG5 . t/ PSn}n] klg
o;df sfd ug{ ;lsG5 .
ljB'lts/0fsf] nflu ;d'bfox?n] >]lqo ;]jf s]Gb|, lhNnf ljsf; sfof{no cGtu{tsf] lhNnf kof{j/0f
phf{ / hnjfo' kl/jt{g ;+:yf / j}slNks phf{ k|j4{g s]Gb|df ;Dks{ ug'{kg]{5 .
v'dn6f/, nlntk'/ . kf]=a=g+ !$@#&, sf7df8f}+, g]kfn
kmf]g M %%#%&#@, %%#(#(!, %%$#)$$, %%@%^(%, %%#^*$# . ofS; M %%#(#(@
O{d]n M [email protected] . j]a;fO6 M www.aepc.gov.np
Scripted by: Mr. Dhanendra Bimal Kshatry
Concept, Design and Illustration by: Outreach Nepal Pvt. Ltd.