Chuck Neece
Director Research and Development
FUMPA BioFuels
What is Biodiesel?
Just give me the Facts!
Biodiesel is Not!
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Just filtered grease or oil in your tank
– This would not be chemically changed to adapt to your engine
Smelly!
– It does not smell like gasoline or diesel fuel!
It does not require special storage tanks
– It can be stored wherever diesel fuel is stored
A fossil fuel
– Rather than centuries to change to a fuel, it takes just a few hours!
Wasteful of our natural resources
– Biodiesel generates 3.2 units of energy for every 1 unit of fossil fuel
– Petroleum diesel generates 0.8 units of energy for every unit of
fossil fuel
Harmful to you or your diesel engine
page 2
Biodiesel Is
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Renewable
– From crops or animals!
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Good for the agricultural community!
– Increases the value of agricultural products
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Good for the environment!
– Biodiesel is the first and only alternative fuel to have a complete
evaluation of emission results and potential harmful effects
submitted to EPA under the Clean Air Act!
page 3
Biodiesel Is
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Good for our children!
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Reduced soot and smog (50% less than diesel fuel)
Reduced Carbon Monoxide (48% less)
Reduced cancer causing agents (80% less)
Reduced Sulfates, components of acid rain (90% - 100%)
Good for our future!
– Each gallon of biodiesel used saves 4 gallons of fossil fuel
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Good for your engines!
– A 2% blend decreases wear by almost 50%!
page 4
What is Biodiesel (Methylester)?
Transesterification
O
O
H
R1 C O C
H
R2 C O C
H
R1 C O CH3
+ H O C H3
O
+ H O C H3
O
H
Na+
H O C
H
H O C
H
H O C
H
O
R2 C O CH3
+
O
R3 C O C
H
+ H O C H3
R3 C O CH3
H
Oils & Fats
H
+ 3 Methanol
3 Methylester
+
Glycerin
page 5
Biodiesel Feedstocks
Feed Stocks
•• Corn
Corn
•• Safflower
Safflower // Sunflower
Sunflower
•• Soybean
Soybean
•• Mustard
Mustard Seed
Seed
•• Canola
Canola // Rapeseed
Rapeseed
•• Cottonseed
Cottonseed
•• Palm
Palm Seed
Seed // Palm
Palm Kernel
Kernel
•• Coconut
Coconut
•• Beef
Beef Tallow
Tallow
•• Pork
Pork Fat
Fat
•• Poultry
Poultry Fat
Fat
•• Recycled
Recycled Restaurant
Restaurant Grease
Grease
page 6
Biodiesel Process
From fats and oils
Crude Oil
Refined Oil
Degumming &
Deacidification
Multiple
Feedstock
Used Oils
Degumming
Bleaching
Thermal
Deacidification
Methanol
+ Catalyst
Esterification
PreTreatment
Chemicals
Methanol
+ Catalyst
Transesterification
Glycerin Water
Pretreatment
Washing & Drying
Biodiesel
Reaction
Distillation & Bleaching
Crude Glycerin
> 80% conc.
Pharma Glycerin
> 99.5% conc.
Cleaning
Constant
Product
Quality
page 7
Transesterification
.... a 2-stage process step for maximum conversion
Reactor 1
Reactor 2
Oil
Biodiesel
Wash
Column
Methanol
Methanol
Recovery
Catalyst
Glycerin
Water
Glycerin
Water
Evaporation
Crude Glycerin
page 8
Transesterification
Reactor 1
Reactor 2
Oil
Biodiesel
Glycerin
CROSS-FLOW
(Patented)
Methanol
Methanol
Recovery
Catalyst
Catalyst
Glycerin
Water
Closed WASHWATER loop
Wash
Column
Glycerin
Water
Evaporation
Crude Glycerin
page 9
What does a biodiesel plant look like ?
page 10
How much will Biodiesel cost?
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Biodiesel is a premium fuel additive. Blends will generally be
priced between #2 Diesel and #1 Diesel. Most distributors and
retailers are finding that the blends are costing 1cent additional
per percent of blend additive. B-2 has been selling at 2 cents
above #2.
Blends will cost less than fuels reformulated to meet the more
stringent low sulfur standards.
Blends will allow fleets to meet federal mandates for use of
alternative fuels and pollution reduction
page 11
Why produce Biodiesel in Redwood County?
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Multiple feedstock availability
Central Bi has land available
We can meet the environmental requirements
Centrally located for transportation to distributors
Located centrally to several major Pipeline Terminals
• Mankato, Marshall, Sioux Falls, Alexandria
Biodiesel is actively supported by Farmer Owned Cooperatives!
page 12
Technologies available
• Batch vs. Continuous
• Refined oils vs. crude, rendered, restaurant reclaimed.
• Contaminates in the feedstock
• Foots, soapstock, phosphates, proteins, etc.
• Direct esterification vs. transesterification
• Type of alcohol in reaction
• Type of catalyst used, acid or base
• System for separation of glycerin from ester
• Method of alcohol recovery
• Degree of glycerin refinement
• Water, steam and other utility utilization
• Volume design
• Permit requirements
page 13
Technology Summary
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Technology suitable for multiple feedstock
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Continuous process at atmospheric pressure and ± 60 °C
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High yield process
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Low chemical / catalyst consumption
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Clear phase separation by special gravity process (no centrifuges)
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Low operating and maintenance cost
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Biodiesel quality to ASTM D-6751 / DIN 51606 / EN 14214
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Raw Glycerin quality to BS 2621
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Pharma Glycerin to EP 99.5 (Kosher if feedstock is virgin oil / fat)
page 14
ASTM versus DIN versus Lurgi
side-by-side comparison
ASTM D-6751
E DIN 51606
Lurgi Process*
Density @ 15°C
0.875 – 0.9 g / ml
0.875 – 0.9 g / ml
0.88 g / ml
Viscosity @ 40°C
1.9 - 6.0 mm2 / sec
3.5 – 5.0 mm2 / sec
4.2 mm2 / sec
130°C
110°C
175°C
0.050 max. % vol.
0.030 max. % vol.
0.020 % vol.
Acid Number
0.8
0.5
0.2
Free Glycerin
0.02
0.02
0.015
Total Glycerin
0.24
0.25
0.19
47 min.
49 min.
56 min.
Carbon Residue
0.05 % max.
0.05 % max.
0.025 %
Cloud Point
Unspecified
-20°C
-22°C
Nov. 16 to Feb. 28
Nov. 16 to Feb. 28
Flashpoint
Water & Sediment
Cetane
* Analysis from stable production of NEW, Marl, Germany
page 15
Natural Energy West
Customer: Natural Energy West GmbH
Plant:
Biodiesel and Glycerine Plant
Location:
Marl, Germany
Capacity:
300 TPD
Lurgi Services:
ƒ Basic Engineering
ƒ Detail Engineering
ƒ Procurement / Construction incl. Steel Structure
ƒ Construction Supervision
ƒ Commissioning and Start-up
Greenfield Project:
Lump-sum Turnkey - Single Line Responsibility
Start of Engineering: March 2001
Start-up:
April 2002
Special Features
‹ Continuous Transesterification Process
‹ High Quality Biodiesel & Glycerine
‹ Na-Methylate as Catalyst
page 16
Huish Detergents, Houston, TX
Customer: Huish Detergents Inc.
Plant:
Detergent Methyl Ester Plant
Location:
Houston, TX
Capacity:
300 TPD
Lurgi Services: Engineering & Procurement
ƒ
Basic Engineering
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Detail Engineering
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Procurement
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Process Installation / Supervision
ƒ
Commissioning and Start-up
Feedstock: Beef Tallow / Palm Kernel Oil
Start of Engineering: March 1999
Start-up:
April 2002
page 17
Contacts for: FUMPA
BIOFUELS
• Chuck Neece
– Director: Research and Development
– Office: PO Box 319, 590 W. Park Rd.
Redwood Falls, MN 56283
– Ph: 507-637-4227
– Fax: 507-637-5409
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