India Independence Jigsaw 2012-2013.notebook

India Independence Jigsaw 2012­2013.notebook
December 05, 2012
British East India Company
­COMMERCIAL IMPERIALISM
­British Company from 1600­1858
December 31st 1600, merchants given trading rights in India
Set up factories Created infrastructure, medical care etc... but severely limited rights of Indians ­Chartered by Queen Elizabeth the I
Given a monopoly over trade to India
Took over the administration of India from the Mughal Empire
­Transferred power to the British crown in 1858 (with the Sepoy rebellion)
India Mutiny/ Sepoy Rebellion
­Rebellion against the British East India Company from 1857­1858
­Sepoy: Indian soldiers that served in British East India Co. army
­Causes­­
Catalyst (trigger cause): British East India Co used pig and cow lard to grease rifle cartridges (Muslims and Hindus respectively)
Long term: Poor pay, unequal treatment, British were trying to convert to Christianity ­Led to the BEI co. becoming abolished and marked the beginning of British crown rule
­First real revolt to British rule in India...
Some analyze this is the beginning of the Indian independence movement!?!
Showed tensions between Britain and India
­FIRST DISPLAY OF INDIAN NATIONALISM!!!
Indian National Congress (INC)
­Began in 1885: The largest and oldest democratic organization in the world
­Movement that respected all cultures and religions
"Freedom is my birthright"
­Advocated civil disobedience
Non­Violence!!!
QUIT­INDIA: 1942 movement to end British rule non­violently!!!!
Marches, hunger strikes, ­People who were part of this organization:
Gandhi/ Nehru/ Jinnah (for a time)
­Political party that is still the largest political party in India!
Science/ tech/ peaceful use of nuclear energy/ reduce poverty
Gandhi
­Mahatma Gandhi­­ (Mahatma = Great Soul)
B. 1869­ D. 1948: Assassinated by an extreme Hindu
­Nationalistic Advocate/ lawyer (studied in London)/ traditional Hindu holy man
Early years, in Army (fought in Boer War 1890's)
­Gained recognition for peaceful resistance in South Africa (protested the pass laws)
­Internationally known as a figure of peace...
­Methods: Satygraha (Soul Force)
Non­violence passive resistance
EX: Salt March, Day of Hartal (Day of self purification... close shops and not work)­ British threatened... and banned of large gatherings)
Lead to Amritsar Massacre
­Involvement in the INC
1931, attended a round table conference in London as sole Indian representative.
Later quit the INC
­ @ Amritsar
Holy city for Sikhs
30,000 ppl gathered in the city of Amritsar to show passive resistance to British rule... British general Dyer fired into the peaceful crowd, killing over 350 ppl
shook the foundation for British rule, beginning of the end
Jawaharlal Nehru & Muhammad Ali Jinnah
­First PM of India 1947­1964 (died 1964)
­Hindu
­Studied at Cambridge University in UK
­India to be a secular multi­ethnic democracy
Founder Non­Aligned Movement
­Member of the INC... important figure in the struggle for independence!
jailed 7 times!
­Renowned orator:
Famous speech­­ Tryst with Destiny
­First President of Pakistan (17 years)
Pakistan's founding father "Great Leader"
­Muslim
­Lawyer
Studied in Britain
­Wanted independence of Pakistan from British India as a Muslim nation...
­In Pakistan, separated Church and State
Called for equal rights of all citizens!
­First in INC... then leader of the MUSLIM LEAGUE
1
India Independence Jigsaw 2012­2013.notebook
December 05, 2012
British East India Company
­COMMERCIAL IMPERIALISM
­British Company from 1600­1858
Chartered December 31st 1600, merchants given trading rights in India
Set up trading posts and factories along east and west coast of India
Created infrastructure, medical care etc... but severely limited rights of Indians ­Chartered by Queen Elizabeth the I
Given a monopoly over trade to India
Took over the administration of India from the Mughal Empire
­Transferred power to the British crown in 1858 (with the Sepoy rebellion)
­Company dissolved 1873
India Mutiny
/ Sepoy Rebellion
1857­1858
­Rebellion against the British East India Company from ­Sepoy: Indian soldiers that served in British East India Co. army
­Causes­­
Catalyst (trigger cause): British East India Co used pig and cow lard to grease rifle cartridges (Muslims and Hindus respectively)
Long term: Poor pay, unequal treatment, British were trying to convert to Christianity Harsh land penalties­­ threatened Indian culture
­Led to the BEI co. becoming abolished and marked the beginning of British crown rule
OFFICIAL end of the Mughal Empire
­First real revolt to British rule in India...
Some analyze this is the beginning of the Indian independence movement!?!
Showed tensions between Britain and India
­FIRST DISPLAY OF INDIAN NATIONALISM!!!
Indian National Congress (INC)
­Began in 1885: The largest and oldest democratic organization in the world
Gained power in protests against the British, came to power in 1947 (INDEPENDENCE)
­Movement that respected all cultures and religions
"Freedom is my birthright"
­Advocated civil disobedience
Non­Violence!!!
QUIT­INDIA: 1942 movement to end British rule non­violently!!!!
Marches, hunger strikes, ­People who were part of this organization:
Gandhi/ Nehru/ Jinnah (for a time)
­Political party that is still the largest political party in India!
Science/ tech/ peaceful use of nuclear energy/ reduce poverty
­Mahatma Gandhi­­ (Mahatma = Great Soul)
Gandhi B. 1869­ D. 1948: Assassinated by an extreme Hindu
­Nationalistic Advocate/ lawyer/ traditional Hindu holy man
­Internationally known as a figure of peace...
­Methods: Satygraha (Soul Force)
Non­violence passive resistance
EX: Salt March, Day of Hartal (Day of self purification­ Ended in a British ban of large gatherings)
@ Amritsar
­Involvement in the INC
1931, attended a round table conference in London as sole Indian representative.
Later quit the INC
­
Holy city for Sikhs
30,000 ppl gathered in the city of Amritsar to show passive resistance to British rule... British general Dyer fired into the peaceful crowd, killing over 350 ppl
shook the foundation for British rule, beginning of the end
Jawaharlal Nehru
&
­First PM of India 1947­1964
­Hindu
­India to be a secular multi­ethnic democracy
­Member of the INC... important in the struggle
for independence!
­Renowned orator:
Famous speech: Tryst with Destiny
Muhammad Ali Jinnah
­First President of Pakistan
­Muslim
­Lawyer
­Wanted independence of Pakistan from British India as a Muslim nation...
For equality of all religions etc
­First in INC... then MUSLIM LEAGUE
2
India Independence Jigsaw 2012­2013.notebook
December 05, 2012
British East India Company
­COMMERCIAL IMPERIALISM
­British Company from 1600­1858
Chartered December 31st 1600, merchants given trading rights in India
Set up trading posts and factories along east and west coast of India
Main settlements: Bombay, Madras, Calcutta
Created infrastructure, medical care etc... but severely limited rights of Indians ­Chartered by Queen Elizabeth the I
Given a monopoly over trade to India
Took over the administration of India from the Mughal Empire
­Transferred power to the British crown in 1858 (with the Sepoy rebellion)
­Company dissolved 1873
India Mutiny/ Sepoy Rebellion
­Rebellion against the British East India Company from 1857­1858
­Sepoy: Indian soldiers that served in British East India Co. army
­Causes­­
Catalyst (trigger cause): Rumor British East India Co used pig and cow lard to grease rifle cartridges (outraged Muslims and Hindus respectively)
Long term: Poor pay, unequal treatment, British were trying to convert to Christianity Rapid introduction of British culture in Indian society­­ threatened Indian culture!!
EX: Railways
­Led to the BEI co. becoming abolished and marked the beginning of British crown rule
OFFICIAL end of the Mughal Empire
­First real revolt to British rule in India...
Some analyze this is the beginning of the Indian independence movement!?!
Showed tensions between Britain and India
­FIRST DISPLAY OF INDIAN NATIONALISM!!!
Indian National Congress (INC)
­Began in 1885: The largest and oldest democratic organization in the world
Gained power in protests against the British, came to power in 1947 (INDEPENDENCE)
­Movement that respected all cultures and religions
"Freedom is my birthright"
­Advocated civil disobedience
Non­Violence!!! (Embraced Satyagraha)
QUIT­INDIA: 1942 movement to end British rule non­violently!!!!
Marches, hunger strikes, ­People who were part of this organization:
Gandhi/ Nehru/ Jinnah (for a time)
­Political party that is still the largest political party in India!
Science/ tech/ peaceful use of nuclear energy/ reduce poverty
TODAY: CORRUPT (In last election, 22% of INC candidates had criminal records)
Gandhi
­Mahatma Gandhi­­ (Mahatma = Great Soul)
B. 1869­ D. 1948: ­Nationalistic Advocate/ lawyer/ traditional Hindu holy man
­Internationally known as a figure of peace...
­Methods:
­Satygraha (Soul Force)
Non­violence resistence
EX: Salt March, Day of Hartal (Day of self purification­ Ended in a British ban of large gatherings)
­ @ Amritsar
Holy city for Sikhs
30,000 ppl gathered in the city of Amritsar to show passive resistance to British rule... British general Dyer fired into the peaceful crowd, killing over 350 ppl
shook the foundation for British rule, beginning of the end
Jawaharlal Nehru
­First PM of India 1947­1964 (died)
­Hindu
­India to be a secular multi­ethnic democracy
Founder Aligned Movement
­Member of the INC... important in the struggle
for independence!
­Renowned orator:
Famous speech: Tryst with Destiny
&
Muhammad Ali Jinnah
­First President of Pakistan (17 years)
Pakistan's founding father
­Muslim
­Lawyer
Studied in Britian
­Wanted independence of Pakistan from British India as a Muslim nation...
For equality of all religions etc
­First in INC... then MUSLIM LEAGUE
3
India Independence Jigsaw 2012­2013.notebook
December 05, 2012
British East India Company
­COMMERCIAL IMPERIALISM
Had private military/ political administration
­British Company from 1600­1858
Chartered December 31st 1600, merchants given trading rights in India
Set up trading posts and factories along east and west coast of India
Main settlements: Bombay, Madras, Calcutta
Created infrastructure, medical care etc... but severely limited rights of Indians ­Chartered by Queen Elizabeth the I
Given a monopoly over trade between England and India (Far­East)
Took over the administration of India from the Mughal Empire
­Transferred power to the British crown in 1858 (with the Sepoy rebellion): 1858­­ India Act
­Company dissolved 1873
India Mutiny/ Sepoy Rebellion
­Rebellion against the British East India Company from 1857­1858
­Sepoy: Indian soldiers that served in British East India Co. army
­Causes­­
Catalyst (trigger cause): Rumor British East India Co used pig and cow lard to grease rifle cartridges (outraged Muslims and Hindus respectively)
Long term: Poor pay, unequal treatment, British were trying to convert to Christianity Rapid introduction of British culture in Indian society­­ threatened Indian culture!!
EX: Railways
­Led to the BEI co. becoming abolished and marked the beginning of British crown rule
OFFICIAL end of the Mughal Empire
­First real revolt to British rule in India...
Some analyze this is the beginning of the Indian independence movement!?!
Showed tensions between Britain and India
­FIRST DISPLAY OF INDIAN NATIONALISM!!!
Indian National Congress (INC)
­Began in 1885: The largest and oldest democratic organization in the world
Gained power in protests against the British, came to power in 1947 (INDEPENDENCE)
­Movement that respected all cultures and religions
"Freedom is my birthright"
­Advocated civil disobedience
Non­Violence!!! (Embraced Satyagraha)
QUIT­INDIA: 1942 movement to end British rule non­violently!!!!
Marches, hunger strikes, ­People who were part of this organization:
Gandhi/ Nehru/ Jinnah (for a time)
­Political party that is still the largest political party in India!
Science/ tech/ peaceful use of nuclear energy/ reduce poverty
TODAY: CORRUPT (In last election, 22% of INC candidates had criminal records)
Gandhi
­Mahatma Gandhi­­ (Mahatma = Great Soul)
B. 1869­ D. 1948: Assassinated by an extreme Hindu
­Nationalistic Advocate/ lawyer/ traditional Hindu holy man
­Internationally known as a figure of peace...
­Methods: Satygraha (Soul Force)
Non­violence passive resistance
EX: Salt March, Day of Hartal (Day of self purification­ Ended in a British ban of large gatherings)
­Involvement in the INC
1931, attended a round table conference in London as sole Indian representative.
Later quit the INC
­ @ Amritsar
Holy city for Sikhs
30,000 ppl gathered in the city of Amritsar to show passive resistance to British rule... British general Dyer fired into the peaceful crowd, killing over 350 ppl
shook the foundation for British rule, beginning of the end
Jawaharlal Nehru & Muhammad Ali Jinnah
­First PM of India 1947­1964 (died)
­Hindu
­Studied at Cambridge University in UK
­India to be a secular multi­ethnic democracy
Founder Non­Aligned Movement
­Member of the INC... important in the struggle
for independence!
­Renowned orator:
Famous speech­­ Tryst with Destiny
­First President of Pakistan (17 years)
Pakistan's founding father "Great Leader"
­Muslim
­Lawyer
Studied in Britian
­Wanted independence of Pakistan from British India as a Muslim nation...
­In Pakistan, separated Church and State
Pro­equality of all religions etc.
­First in INC... then MUSLIM LEAGUE
4
India Independence Jigsaw 2012­2013.notebook
December 05, 2012
British East India Company
­COMMERCIAL IMPERIALISM
Had private military/ political administration
­British Company from 1600­1858
Chartered December 31st 1600, merchants given trading rights in India
Set up trading posts and factories along east and west coast of India
Main settlements: Bombay, Madras, Calcutta
Created infrastructure, medical care etc... but severely limited rights of Indians ­Chartered by Queen Elizabeth the I
Given a monopoly over trade between England and India (Far­East)
Took over the administration of India from the Mughal Empire
­Transferred power to the British crown in 1858 (with the Sepoy rebellion): 1858­­ India Act
­Company dissolved 1873
India Mutiny/ Sepoy Rebellion
­Rebellion against the British East India Company from 1857­1858
­Sepoy: Indian soldiers that served in British East India Co. army
­Causes­­
Catalyst (trigger cause): Rumor British East India Co used pig and cow lard to grease rifle cartridges (outraged Muslims and Hindus respectively)
Long term: Poor pay, unequal treatment, British were trying to convert to Christianity Rapid introduction of British culture in Indian society­­ threatened Indian culture!!
EX: Railways
­Led to the end of BEI co. rule and marked the beginning of British crown rule
OFFICIAL end of the Mughal Empire
­Success?
Sepoy's jailed...
First real revolt to British rule in India...
Some analyze this is the beginning of the Indian independence movement!?!
Showed tensions between Britain and India
FIRST DISPLAY OF INDIAN NATIONALISM!!!
Indian National Congress (INC)
­Began in 1885: The largest and oldest democratic organization in the world
Gained power in protests against the British, came to power in 1947 (INDEPENDENCE)
­Movement that respected all cultures and religions
"Freedom is my birthright"
­Advocated civil disobedience
Non­Violence!!! (Embraced Satyagraha)
QUIT­INDIA: 1942 movement to end British rule non­violently!!!!
Marches, hunger strikes, ­People who were part of this organization:
Gandhi/ Nehru/ Jinnah (for a time)
­Political party that is still the largest political party in India!
Science/ tech/ peaceful use of nuclear energy/ reduce poverty
TODAY: CORRUPT (In last election, 22% of INC candidates had criminal records)
Gandhi
­Mahatma Gandhi­­ (Mahatma = Great Soul)
B. 1869­ D. 1948: Assassinated by an extreme Hindu
­Nationalistic Advocate/ lawyer (studied in London)/ traditional Hindu holy man
Early years, in Army (fought in Boer War 1890's)
­Gained recognition for peaceful resistance in South Africa (protested the pass laws)
­Internationally known as a figure of peace...
­Methods: Satygraha (Soul Force)
Non­violence passive resistance
EX: Salt March, Day of Hartal (Day of self purification... close shops and not work)­ British threatened... and banned of large gatherings)
Lead to Amritsar Massacre
­Involvement in the INC
1931, attended a round table conference in London as sole Indian representative.
Later quit the INC
­ @ Amritsar
Holy city for Sikhs
30,000 ppl gathered in the city of Amritsar to show passive resistance to British rule... British general Dyer fired into the peaceful crowd, killing over 350 ppl
shook the foundation for British rule, beginning of the end
Jawaharlal Nehru & Muhammad Ali Jinnah
­First PM of India 1947­1964 (died)
­Hindu
­Studied at Cambridge University in UK
­India to be a secular multi­ethnic democracy
Founder Non­Aligned Movement
­Member of the INC... important in the struggle
for independence!
­Renowned orator:
Famous speech­­ Tryst with Destiny
­First President of Pakistan (17 years)
Pakistan's founding father "Great Leader"
­Muslim
­Lawyer
Studied in Britain
­Wanted independence of Pakistan from British India as a Muslim nation...
­In Pakistan, separated Church and State
Pro­equality of all religions etc.
­First in INC... then MUSLIM LEAGUE
5
India Independence Jigsaw 2012­2013.notebook
December 05, 2012
British East India Company
India Mutiny
Indian National Congress (INC)
Gandhi
@ Amritsar
Jawaharlal Nehru
&
Muhammad Ali Jinnah
6