China-9 Huanghe Map of River N E115 Huanghe River HuangChuan Linxuan River N32 Wenshu River Popo River Border of basin Yinjia River Table of basic Data Name: Huanghe (in Huaihe basin) Location: Henan Province, North China 2 Serial No.: China-5 N 31°30'~32°10' E 114°40'~115°10' Area: 2 400 km Length of main stream: 140 km Origin: Wanzishan (1 011 m) Highest point: Mt. Huangmaojian (1 011 m) Outlet: Huaihe Lowest point: confluence (31.30 m) Main geological features: Gravel rock, Biorite rock, Granite rock, Quartzite rock, Shale rock. Main tributaries: Yingjia River (325 km2), Popo River (265 km2), Wenshu River (95 km2), Linxuan River (331 km2) Main lakes: None Main reservoirs: Pohe (258x106 m3), Xiangshan (85.7x106 m3) Mean annual precipitation: 1 200 mm (basin average) Mean annual runoff: 11.3 m3/s at Huangchuan (2 050 km2) Population: -- Main cities: Xinxian, Guangshan, Huangchuan Land use: Forest (40 %), Cultivated area (24.6 %), Others (35.4 %) 51 China-9 1. General Description Huanghe is located in the Henan province, it crosses the Xinxian, Guangshan and Huangchuan counties. It is one of larger tributaries in the upstream parts of Huaihe. The main river originates from Dabieshan. The general direction of Huanghe is from south to north. The outlet is at Xintai in Huaihe. The catchment area of the basin is 2 400 km2 and the length of the main river is 140 km. The annual precipitation for the basin is 1 200mm, and the annual discharge at Huangchuan is 11.3 m3/s. The main crop is rice in the river basin where large rice fields can be found along the midstream and downstream. One large reservoir, named Pohe, has been completed in the main tributary for flood control and irrigation. The Henan is an important agricultural province in China, the climate is warm and humid, and in most parts of the catchment, crops can be planted in all four seasons. 2. Geographical Information 2.1. Geological Map The lens of the gravel rock Diorite rock Granite rock Quartzite rock with clastic rock Shale rock with clastic rock Border of basin N 52 China-9 2.2. Land use Map Paddy area Cultivated area Forest area Reservoir area N 2.3. Characteristics of River and Main Tributaries No. Name of river 1 Huanghe (Main river) Yinjia river (Tributary) Popo river (Tributary) Wenshu river (Tributary) Linxuan river (Tributary) 2 3 4 5 2.4. Length [km] Catchment area [km2] 140 2 400 45 325 58 265 30 95 31 331 Highest peak [m] Lowest point [m] Cities Population Wanzishan 1 011 Xintai 31.30 Huangchuan Land use Forest (40%) Cultivated area (24.6%) Others (35.4%) Wanzishan 1 011 Longitudinal Profiles 500 400 Elevation(m) Pohe River 300 200 Yinjia River 100 Linxuan Huanghe 0 0 20 40 60 80 Distance (km) 53 100 120 140 China-9 3. Climatological Information 3.1. Mean Annual Isohyetal Map and Observation Stations Observation Station Precipitation Border of N of Huanghe basin 1000 River HuangChuan 1000 Guangshan N32 Pendian Wuwan Pohe Wenshu 1200 1200 Zhouhe Wuchenhe Qianjin Xinxian Xiangshan 3.2. 1400 Xifan 1400 List of Meteorological Observation Stations Huangchuan Elevation [m] 42.0 Xinxian 91.9 Station Location N329° 09’ E115° 02’ N31° 38’ E114° 51’ Observed period 1971~1980 Mean annual precipitation [mm] 1362.0 Observation Items P,T 1971~1980 1043.9 P,T P: Precipitation T: Temperature 3.3. Item Monthly Climate Data Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Annual Perio d P 32.1 44.5 68.9 101.9 109.1 141.6 218.6 122.6 79.6 51.0 47.3 26.7 1 043.9 1952- T 1.9 9.3 15.3 21.5 15.9 10.0 4.2 3.8 20.1 24.9 27.8 P: Precipitation T: temperature 54 26.9 15.1 1980 19571980 China-9 3.4. Long-term Variation of Monthly Precipitation 2 Huanghe at Huangchuan(2050km ) 800 Precipitation (mm/month) 700 (37-month moving averages added) Annual Mean :1200mm/y S.D. : 88.6mm/y: 600 500 400 300 200 100 0 1 915 2 1 96 15 7 1 91 8617 1192612 1 9 27421 1 93 70 17 Year Hydrological Information 4.1. Map of Streamflow Observation Stations E115 4. Station of Discharge Border of Basin Huanghe River HuangChu N3 Linxuan Wenshu Pohe Popo Xinxian Yinjia River Pei 55 N China-9 4.2. List of Hydrological Observation Stations No. Station Location Catchment Area [km2] Observation period Observation items 1 Xinxian 114°52’~31°37’ 274 1966~Present H2,Q 2 Huangchuan 115°03’~32°08’ 2 050 1951~Present H2,Q 3 Peihe 114°51’~31°37’ 17.9 1982~Present Q 4 Pohe 114°35’~31°47’ 221 1970~Present H2,Q No. Q1) [m3/s] Qmax2) [m3/s] Qmin3) [m3/s] Q/A [m3/s/100 km2] Qmax/A [m3/s/100 km2] Period of statistics 2 27.7 67.0 6.53 1.35 3.27 1951~1980 H2-water level, Q-discharge 1) Mean annual discharge 2) Mean annual maximum discharge 3) Mean annual minimum discharge 4.3. Long-term Variation of Monthly Discharge Huanghe at Huangchuan (2 050 km2) 400 Mean: 27.7 m3/s S.D. : 42.2 m3/s (37-month moving averages added Discharge m3/s 300 200 100 0 1952 1 195761 1962 121 1967 181 Year 56 1972241 1977 301 China-9 4.4. Annual Pattern of Discharge Huanghe at Huangchuan (2 050 km2) daily in 1969 2000 Qaverage= 55.4 m3/s Discharge (m3/s) 1600 1200 800 400 0 1 1 31 2 61 4.5. 3 91 4 121 5 151 6181 Month 7 8 211 241 9 271 10 301 11 331 12 361 Annual Maximum and Minimum Discharges At Huangchuan (2 050 km2) Year 1952 1953 1954 1955 1956 1957 1958 1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 Maximum Minimum Date [m3/s] Date [m3/s] 8.25 8.20 7.28 6.26 6.29 7.31 8.16 5.4 6.26 11.21 7.10 7.12 4.6 8.5 2.28 888 608 1650 1130 1420 740 1080 514 1850 173 695 1780 1200 625 316 6.29 12.20 11.24 6.16 3.13 10.18 6.7 9.8 8.21 9.29 3.31 3.4 7.19 7.5 8.18 1.4 0 1.09 0.5 0.93 0 0 0.18 2.42 0.168 1.32 1.76 0.034 0.009 0 Year 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 57 Maximum Minimum Date [m3/s] Date [m3/s] 11.28 7.16 7.12 7.20 6.11 3.30 4.17 5.19 7.6 7.15 7.19 6.27 9.6 7.18 524 3330 3500 1750 2210 775 364 1120 932 1070 942 304 418 3140 6.11 6.1 7.2 5.27 7.23 6.12 6.9 8.28 6.19 12.27 3.9 4.28 5.30 5.10 0 0 0.14 0.56 1.05 0.024 0.025 0.95 0.5 1.09 0 0 0 0.24 China-9 4.6. Hyetographs and Hydrographs of Major Floods 0 6000 Huangchuan Station Precipitation & Discharge in Huanghe Basin 1969.7.11 08:00 – 7.20 20:00 5000 Discharge(m3/s) 3000 60 2000 Precipitation(mm/6h) 30 4000 90 1000 0 1 7/11 5 7/12 9 7/13 13 7/14 17 7/15 21 7/16 25 7/18 29 7/19 33 7/20 Time 5. Water Resources 5.1. General Description The Huanghe is a tributary of Huaihe in Henan Province. The river Originates from the south and flows towards the north, joins Huaihe at Xintai and out into the Huanghai. The slope of river bed is very steep with speedy flow in all the stream. There is one reservoir, primarily built for irrigation and flood control. The precipitation distribution in the basin is closely related to the climate called “Meiyu”, which means “plum rain”. The dominant rainfall is from June to July, and it covers the entire basin. The groundwater distribution in the basin is highly related to rainfall and runoff. In 1969, there was one major flood in Huanghe, and at the Huangchuan station (2 050 km2) the peak flood discharge was 3 500 m3/s that occurred on July 12. 58 China-9 Map of Water Resources Systems E115 5.2. N Huanghe HuangChu N32 Linxuan Ri Pohe Wenshu i Popo i Reservoir Yinjia i 5.3. Border basin of List of Major Water Resources Facilities Major Reservoirs Name of River Name of dam (reservoir) Catchment Area [km2] Popo Pohe 222 Gross capacity [106m3] 258 Effective capacity [106m3] 124 Purpose1 Year of completion A,F,P 1970 A: Agricultural use F: Flood control P: Hydro-power 5.4. Major Floods Major Floods at Huangchuan (catchment area 2 050 km2) 1968.7.16 Peak discharge [m3/s] 3 330 1969.7.12 3 500 1980.7.18 3 140 Date 6. Rainfall [mm] Duration 553.1 7.11~7.20 184.6 7.11~7.20 143.4 7.7~7.20 Meteorological cause Frontal Major damages (Districts affected) Huangchuan etc. Frontal Huangchuan etc. Frontal Huangchuan etc. Socio-cultural Characteristics The Dabieshan is a famous Chinese revolution base, located in the southern part of the Huanghe basin. Consequently, many historical monuments exist in Henan province, e.g. in Songshan and Foliushan, and also there were many famous historical temples. Parts of this area open to tourists. Henan is an important cultural province. 59 China-9 7. References, Databooks and Bibliography China Bookstore Press, (1992): China Historical Floods. Huaihe River Commission, (1988): Hydrological Information Handbooks for Control Floods. 60
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