GREAT ENERGY
DEBATE
Students evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of the
major energy sources in an innovative debate format.
GRADE LEVEL
6–12
SUBJECT AREAS
Science
Social Studies
Math
Language Arts
NEED
2010
Putting Energy into Education
NEED Project PO Box 10101 Manassas, VA 20108 1-800-875-5029 www.NEED.org
Teacher Advisory Board
Shelly Baumann, Rockford, MI
Constance Beatty, Kankakee, IL
Sara Brownell, Canyon Country, CA
Amy Constant, Raleigh, NC
Joanne Coons, Clifton Park, NY
Nina Corley, Galveston, TX
Regina Donour, Whitesburg, KY
Darren Fisher, Houston, TX
Deborah Fitton, Cape Light Compact, MA
Linda Fonner, New Martinsville, WV
Viola Henry, Thaxton, VA
Robert Hodash, Bakersfield, CA
Linda Hutton, Kitty Hawk, NC
Doug Keaton, Russell, KY
Michelle Lamb, Buffalo Grove, IL
Barbara Lazar, Albuquerque, NM
Robert Lazar, Albuquerque, NM
Mollie Mukhamedov, Port St. Lucie, FL
Don Pruett, Sumner, WA
Larry Richards, Eaton, IN
Joanne Spaziano, Cranston, RI
Gina Spencer, Virginia Beach, VA
Tom Spencer, Chesapeake, VA
Nancy Stanley, Pensacola, FL
Doris Tomas, Rosenberg, TX
Patricia Underwood, Anchorage, AK
Jim Wilkie, Long Beach CA
Carolyn Wuest, Pensacola, FL
Debby Yerkes, Ohio Energy Project, OH
Wayne Yonkelowitz, Fayetteville, WV
Teacher Advisory Board Vision Statement
NEED Mission Statement
Permission to Reproduce
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Correlations to the National Science Standards ................ 4
Teacher Guide ...................................................................... 5
Game Board ......................................................................... 8
Debate Sheets:
Biomass ............................................................................ 9
Coal ...................................................................................10
Geothermal .......................................................................11
Hydropower .......................................................................12
Natural Gas .......................................................................13
Petroleum..........................................................................14
Propane .............................................................................15
Solar ..................................................................................16
Uranium ............................................................................17
Wind ..................................................................................18
Evaluation Form................................................................19
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Correlations to National Science Standards
(Bolded standards are emphasized in the unit.)
INTERMEDIATE (GRADES 5-8) CONTENT STANDARD–B: PHYSICAL SCIENCE
TRANSFER OF ENERGY
The sun is the major source of energy for changes on the earth’s surface. The sun loses energy by emitting light. A
tiny fraction of that light reaches earth, transferring energy from the sun to the earth. The sun’s energy arrives as
light with a range of wavelengths.
INTERMEDIATE–D: EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCE
STRUCTURE OF THE EARTH SYSTEM
The solid earth is layered with a lithosphere; hot, convecting mantle; and dense, metallic core.
EARTH IN THE SOLAR SYSTEM
The sun is the major source of energy for phenomena on the earth’s surface, such as growth of plants, winds,
ocean currents, and the water cycle. Water evaporates from the earth’s surface, rises and cools as it moves to
higher elevations, condenses as rain or snow, and falls to the surface where it collects in lakes, oceans and rocks
underground.
INTERMEDIATE–E: SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
UNDERSTANDINGS ABOUT SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
Technological solutions are temporary; technological solutions have side effects and technologies cost, carry
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;8A'(&#'3-06%&'()&'-#0;-0"4#1
INTERMEDIATE–F: SCIENCE IN PERSONAL AND SOCIAL PERSPECTIVES
NATURAL HAZARDS
Human activities can induce hazards through resource acquisition, urban growth, land-use decisions, and waste
disposal.
SECONDARY (GRADES 9-12) CONTENT STANDARD–B: PHYSICAL SCIENCE
STRUCTURE OF ATOMS
Fission is the splitting of a large nucleus into smaller pieces. Fusion is the joining of two nuclei at extremely high
temperature and pressure, as in the process responsible for the energy of the sun and other stars.
SECONDARY–D: EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCE
ENERGY IN THE EARTH SYSTEM
Global climate is determined by energy transfer from the sun at and near the earth’s surface.
SECONDARY–F: SCIENCE IN PERSONAL AND SOCIAL PERSPECTIVES
NATURAL RESOURCES
Human populations use resources in the environment to maintain and improve their existence.
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Humans use many natural systems as resources. Natural systems have the capacity to reuse waste but that capacity
is limited. Natural systems can change to an extent that exceeds the limits of organisms to adapt naturally or
humans to adapt technologically.
ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY
Natural ecosystems provide an array of basic processes that affect humans. Those processes include maintenance
of the quality of the atmosphere, generation of soils, control of the hydrologic cycle, disposal of wastes, and recycling
of nutrients. Humans are changing many of these basic processes, and the changes may be detrimental to humans.
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GOAL
Teacher Guide
TO INVESTIGATE THE ECONOMIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL ADVANTAGES
AND DISADVANTAGES OF THE MAJOR ENERGY SOURCES.
BACKGROUND
In the Great Energy Debate, student teams learn about all of the energy sources, then are assigned to
represent the different energy sources. Working cooperatively, students develop arguments on the merits of
their source over the others.
CONCEPTS
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TIME
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MATERIALS
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debate sheets found in Energy in the Balance.)
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PROCEDURE
Step One—Preparation
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class or group. For large groups of 30 or more, you can use all ten energy sources. For smaller groups,
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ensure that the students understand the concepts of advantages/disadvantages and learn about all
of the energy sources.
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Step Two—Introduce unit to the class
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Step Three—Monitor group work
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activity. If you are not using all ten sources, use the transparencies of the sources you are not using
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minutes.
Step Four—Debate
Begin the game by giving the teams the following instructions:
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of the opponent’s energy source.
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fact. In this case, the defending team moves back to its original position.
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top line, until time is called, or until each team has had the opportunity to begin a round.
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Step Five—Interpret the debate results
At the conclusion of the debate, point out that all sources of energy have advantages and disadvantages.
Ask the class the following questions:
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ALTERNATIVE PROCEDURE
Step One—Preparation
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group.
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Step Two—Introduce unit to the class
! J'&,+4$-#!&2#!Great Energy Debate to the class, using the concepts as a guide.
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using the transparency, if necessary.
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the debate sheets as a group, using their individual sheets as guides. This should take about thirty
minutes.
Step Four—Debate–use the instructions on page 6
Step Five—Interpret the debate results–use the instructions on page 6
SAMPLE
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2. The sun is 93 million miles from the earth.
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information about the source.
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6. Biomass is found throughout the nation.
7. The amount of energy stored in biomass is less than the amount of energy
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8. Biomass can be used as a fuel because it captures and stores radiant
energy from the sun through the process of photosynthesis.
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11. Burning biomass can produce odors and emissions.
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13. Biomass provides 3.9 percent of the nation’s energy demand.
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the time of the average tree.
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burning than unleaded gasoline.
17. Alcohol fuels made from biomass can be domestically produced.
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emissions and odors.
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1. Coal is the most abundant fuel in the United States. We have about a 260
year supply at the current rate of consumption.
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than it is formed.
3. Coal generates about half of the electricity in the U.S.
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other countries.
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years.
6. Today, about 93 percent of U.S. coal is used to make electricity.
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other residues are produced.
8. To remove coal buried deep in the earth, mine shafts are constructed to
bring the coal to the surface.
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of earth to uncover the coal. This is called surface mining.
10. Large amounts of land are disturbed in the process of surface mining.
11. Surface mines can be restored to grasslands or parks after the coal is
removed.
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<+99$&#!&2#!7)&#,!1.!&2#!(1'#%!),#!'+&!-9+%#4!-+,,#-&906
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16. Coal mining can be dangerous for miners.
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electricity.
19. The methane gas that is found in much of the coal in the U.S. is a valuable
resource.
20. The electricity industry spends billions of dollars to reduce emissions from
coal.
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1. Geothermal energy comes from heat within the earth.
2. Examples of geothermal energy are hot springs, volcanoes, and geysers.
3. Geothermal energy is generated in the earth’s core, which is made of magma, or
molten iron, surrounding a solid iron center.
4. Red hot temperatures are continuously produced inside the earth by the slow
decay of radioactive particles found in all rocks.
5. Geothermal energy is renewable. The hot water used by power plants is
replenished by precipitation and the geothermal heat is continually produced.
6. Wells can be built to pump superheated water to the surface.
7.
Geothermal energy is used to produce electricity and to heat buildings.
8. Geothermal energy was used by ancient people for heating and bathing. Hot
springs are said to have therapeutic effects today.
!"# $%#&!'()#*+,#$*-./-%0#120*#30,4#0*,-5#,236*/%7#8295#*+,#,-2*+#*9#69:,2#-#*32;/%,#
generator.
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11. Geothermal energy is expected to grow in the future. It is estimated that
geothermal energy could provide California with a tenth of its electricity in the
next ten years.
12. High temperature geothermal resources capable of producing electricity are not
economically available in all parts of the nation.
13. The most active geothermal resources are found along major tectonic plate
boundaries, where magma comes very near the earth’s surface.
14. Geothermal energy produces less than one percent of the electricity consumed
in the nation today.
15. Geothermal energy does little damage to the environment because the plants sit
on or near the geothermal reservoirs and do not burn any fuel.
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gases, as well as chemicals that are harmful at high concentrations.
17. The gases and chemicals from geothermal power plants are usually reinjected
into the earth.
18. The temperature of the earth a few feet underground remains constant year
round – about 52 degrees Fahrenheit in moderate climates.
19. Low temperature geothermal energy is available everywhere in the U.S.
20. Geothermal heat pumps use the earth’s constant temperature as an energy
source to heat buildings in winter and cool them in summer.
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C6! I+?1'/!7)&#,!-)'!&$,'!)!&$,81'#!&+!/#'#,)&#!#9#-&,1-1&06
D6! Q04,+<+7#,!7)%!R,%&!$%#4!&+!&$,'!7)&#,!72##9%!&+!/,1'4!/,)1'6
`6! Q04,+#9#-&,1-!<+7#,!1%!-+'%14#,#4!,#91)89#!8#-)$%#!4)(%!-)'!8#!8$19&!&+!
%&+,#!7)&#,6!K+'&,+991'/!&2#!c+7!+.!&2#!%&+,#4!7)&#,!)99+7%!)!<+7#,!<9)'&!&+!
+<#,)&#!1'!)99!7#)&2#,!-+'41&1+'%6
b6! F8+$&!DEU^!<#,-#'&!+.!&+&)9!3656!#9#-&,1-1&0!1%!/#'#,)!80!204,+<+7#,!
plants, depending on the amount of rainfall.
a6! Q04,+<+7#,!<,+?14#%!&2#!3656!71&2!)9(+%&!&2,##!<#,-#'&!+.!+$,!&+&)9!#'#,/0!
consumption.
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increased by 900 percent.
U^6! A2#!')&1+'S%!9),/#%&!<,+4$-#,!+.!204,+#9#-&,1-!<+7#,!1%!&2#!.#4#,)9!
/+?#,'(#'&=!721-2!+<#,)&#%!()'0!9),/#!4)(%!)'4!<+7#,!<9)'&%6
UU6! A2#,#!),#!)8+$&!V=^^^!204,+#9#-&,1-!<+7#,!4)(%!1'!&2#!3656!&+4)06
12. There are about 63,000 dams that do not have generating plants on them.
UX6! J.!7#!8$194!/#'#,)&1'/!%&)&1+'%!)&!&2#!(+%&!%$1&)89#!4)(%!)'4!8$194!'#7!
4)(%!+'!%$1&)89#!,1?#,%=!7#!-+$94!'#),90!4+$89#!+$,!204,+#9#-&,1-!-)<)-1&06
UC6! "2#'!)!204,+!4)(!1%!8$19&=!&2+$%)'4%!+.!)-,#%!+.!'#),80!9)'4!),#!c++4#4!&+!
create a reservoir.
UD6! Y,+*#-&%!$%1'/!7)?#!)'4!&14)9!#'#,/0!&+!/#'#,)&#!#9#-&,1-1&0!),#!8#1'/!&#%!
),+$'4!&2#!7+,946!
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Ub6! G)(%!-)'!)9&#,!&2#!')&$,)9!c+7!+.!&2#!,1?#,!)'4!-2)'/#!&2#!)(+$'&!+.!7)&#,!
&2)&!,#)-2#%!-+(($'1&1#%!4+7'%&,#)(6
18. Reservoirs are often developed for recreational purposes, such as boating
)'4!R%21'/6
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%1/'1R-)'&90!1'!&2#!.$&$,#=!8$&!7)?#L&14)9!<,+*#-&%!),#!#@<#-.
V^6! 5+(#!-+$'&,1#%!$%#!204,+<+7#,!)%!&2#1,!()1'!%+$,-#!&+!<,+4$-#!#9#-&,1-1&06!
5+$&2!F(#,1-)!<,+4$-#%!bD!<#,-#'&!+.!1&%!#9#-&,1-1&0!.,+(!204,+<+7#,6
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animals that lived millions of years ago.
2. The chemical name for natural gas is methane.
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6. Usually, natural gas and petroleum are found together in underground
deposits.
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)&!&2#!%1&#!+.!)'!+19!7#996!A+4)0=!1&!1%!)%!?)9$)89#!)%!&2#!+196
8. The invention of high pressure pipelines has made it possible to transport
gas all over the U.S.
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from these leaks if proper safety precautions are not taken.
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UU6! M)&$,)9!/)%!1%!-+'%14#,#4!)!'+',#'#7)89#!,#%+$,-#6
12. Today, the U.S. has a large supply of natural gas. There are large reserves
of natural gas offshore, on the outer continental shelf, and in the Gulf of
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13. Industry is the number one consumer of natural gas.
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UD6! J&!1%!#%&1()!&2)&!')&$,)9!/)%!%$<<91#%!7199!9)%&!.,+(!X^!&+!D^!0#),%!)&!
today’s prices and consumption rate.
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17. It is estimated that natural gas supplies could last 200 years at higher prices.
18. More than half of the homes in the U.S. use natural gas for heat.
19. Natural gas is used to produce peak load electricity because gas furnaces
-)'!8#!8,+$/2&!+'!91'#!)'4!%2$&!4+7'!P$1->90!)'4!#.R-1#'&906
20. Methane is a greenhouse gas. Increasing the levels of greenhouse gases in
the atmosphere can affect the global climate.
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U6! A2#!7+,4!<#&,+9#$(!1%!4#,1?#4!.,+(!&2#!7+,4!petro meaning rock and the
7+,4!oleum meaning oil.
V6! Y#&,+9#$(!4#<+%1&%!7#,#!.+,(#4!+?#,!(1991+'%!+.!0#),%!.,+(!&2#!,#()1'%!+.!
marine plants and animals.
X6! Y#&,+9#$(!1%!)!'+',#'#7)89#!#'#,/0!%+$,-#6
C6! N19!4#<+%1&%!),#!.+$'4!1'!()'0!),#)%=!+'%2+,#!)'4!+..%2+,#6
D6! A2#!3656!1(<+,&%!)8+$&!&7+E&21,4%!+.!&2#!<#&,+9#$(!1&!$%#%!.,+(!+&2#,!
countries.
6. The U.S. has large petroleum deposits in Alaska and offshore.
7. Until recently, many offshore resources have been off limits to development
due to state and federal regulations.
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(+%&90!1'!&2#!O$9.!+.!I#@1-+6
[6! Y#&,+9#$(!%&,)1/2&!.,+(!&2#!7#99!B!-,$4#!+19!B!1%!'+&!$%)89#6!J&!($%&!8#!
,#R'#4!1'&+!/)%+91'#!)'4!+&2#,!<,+4$-&%6
U^6! f#R'1'/!<#&,+9#$(!)&!41..#,#'&!&#(<#,)&$,#%!()>#%!&2#!204,+/#'!)'4!
-),8+'!)&+(%!-+(81'#!1'!()'0!41..#,#'&!7)0%!&+!<,+4$-#!41..#,#'&!<,+4$-&%6
UU6! "#!/#&!()'0!.$#9%!.,+(!,#R'1'/!<#&,+9#$(!B!/)%+91'#=!>#,+%#'#=!*#&!.$#9!B!
that can be burned to produce heat, light, electricity, or motion.
12. Many chemical products from petroleum can be used to make plastics,
(#41-1'#%=!.#,&191_#,%=!)'4!+&2#,!<,+4$-&%6
13. When petroleum products are burned, harmful emissions are produced.
UC6! A+!<,+&#-&!&2#!#'?1,+'(#'&=!+19!4,1991'/!)'4!<,+4$-&1+'!),#!,#/$9)!80!
federal and state governments.
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used.
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environment.
Ub6! Y#&,+9#$(!<,+4$-&%!),#!#.R-1#'&=!#-+'+(1-)9!&,)'%<+,&)&1+'!.$#9%6!I+%&!
transportation in the United States is fueled by petroleum products.
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the 1970s because of advances in engine design and fuel formulation.
19. Petroleum is the United States’ leading source of energy, supplying 37
percent of the energy used in the U.S.
V^6! F&!-$,,#'&!,)&#%!+.!-+'%$(<&1+'=!&2#,#!1%!)!bDEUVD!0#),!7+,94714#!,#%#,?#!+.!
petroleum.
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2)9.!.,+(!<#&,+9#$(!,#R'1'/6!!"#!1(<+,&!)8+$&!U^!<#,-#'&6
2. Under normal conditions propane is a gas, but under moderate pressure or
9+7!&#(<#,)&$,#=!<,+<)'#!8#-+(#%!)!91P$146
X6! Y,+<)'#!1%!%&+,#4!)%!)!91P$14!1'!<,#%%$,1_#4!&)'>%!8#-)$%#!1&!&)>#%!$<!ULVb^!
of the space and is very portable.
C6! Y,+<)'#!8#-+(#%!)!/)%!72#'!1&!1%!,#9#)%#4!.,+(!&2#!<,#%%$,#!1'!&2#!&)'>6!
As a gas, it is used to fuel appliances.
D6! d1>#!')&$,)9!/)%=!<,+<)'#!1%!-+9+,9#%%!)'4!+4+,9#%%6!F'!+4+,)'&!-)99#4!
mercaptan is added as a safety measure.
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7. Propane is a cleaner burning fossil fuel.
8. Propane is moved through pipelines to distribution terminals.
9. Propane is taken from distribution terminals to bulk plants by trains, trucks,
8),/#%=!)'4!%$<#,&)'>#,%6!d+-)9!4#)9#,%!R99!&2#1,!%()99!&)'>!&,$->%!)'4!
distribute it to their clients.
10. Propane is mostly used in rural areas that do not have natural gas service.
Q+(#%!)'4!8$%1'#%%#%!$%#!1&!.+,!2#)&1'/=!2+&!7)&#,=!-++>1'/=!)'4!-9+&2#%!
drying.
UU6! Q)9.!+.!)99!F(#,1-)S%!.),(%!,#90!+'!<,+<)'#!&+!4,0!-,+<%=!<+7#,!&,)-&+,%=!2#)&!
/,##'2+$%#%=!)'4!7),(!-21->#'!2+$%#%6
UV6! Y,+<)'#!1%!)9%+!$%#4!80!&)@1-)8!-+(<)'1#%=!/+?#,'(#'&!)/#'-1#%=!)'4!
school districts to fuel their vehicles.
13. As a vehicle fuel propane is cleaner burning and leaves car engines free of
4#<+%1&%6!;'/1'#%!.$#9#4!80!<,+<)'#!)9%+!2)?#!.#7#,!#(1%%1+'%6
UC6! A2#,#!1%!)!%91/2&!4,+<!1'!(19#%!<#,!/)99+'!72#'!<,+<)'#!1%!$%#4!&+!.$#9!
vehicles.
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conveniently available as gasoline or diesel.
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as forklifts.
20. Propane supplies and price are tied to oil and natural gas supplies and
costs.
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1. The sun radiates more energy in one second than people have used since
time began.
2. The sun is a star made up mostly of hydrogen and helium gas. It produces
radiant energy in a process called nuclear fusion.
X6! Q),'#%%1'/!,)41)'&!#'#,/0!.,+(!&2#!%$'!1%!41.R-$9&!8#-)$%#!&2#!#'#,/0!&2)&!
reaches the earth is very spread out.
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D6! J&!&)>#%!&2#!%$'S%!#'#,/0!*$%&!+?#,!#1/2&!(1'$&#%!&+!&,)?#9![X!(1991+'!(19#%!&+!
the earth.
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b6! 5+9),!#'#,/0!1%!$%#4!&+!2#)&!<)%%1?#!%+9),!8$1941'/%!)'4!7)&#,!)'4!&+!
generate a small amount of electricity.
8. The amount of solar energy reaching an area depends on the time of day,
season of the year, cloud coverage, and geographic location.
[6! I+%&!+.!&2#!%+9),!#'#,/0!7#!$%#!#?#,0!4)0!-)''+&!8#!(#)%$,#46
10. A solar collector can be used to capture sunlight and change it into usable
heat energy.
11. An active solar home in the Northern Hemisphere uses special collectors
.)-1'/!%+$&2!&+!)8%+,8!%$'91/2&!)'4!-2)'/#!1&!1'&+!2#)&6!F1,!+,!7)&#,!c+7%!
&2,+$/2!&2#!-+99#-&+,!)'4!1%!7),(#4!80!&2#!2#)&6
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radiant energy into heat energy.
13. Photovoltaic cells can convert radiant energy from the sun directly into
electricity.
UC6! Y2+&+?+9&)1-!-+(#%!.,+(!&2#!7+,4%!photo meaning light and volt, a
measurement of electricity.
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U`6! 5()99!Yg!-#99%!),#!$%#4!&+!<+7#,!,+)4%14#!	#<2+'#%=!-)9-$9)&+,%=!)'4!
toys.
17. PV cells convert about 10 percent of the energy they receive into electricity.
Ua6! ;9#-&,1-1&0!.,+(!Yg!-#99%!-+%&%!)8+$&!h^6VUE^6aUL>"26!A2#!)?#,)/#!-+%&!+.!
electricity in the U.S. today is about $0.11/kWh.
19. Large solar systems can take up a large amount of land or can be placed on
9),/#!c)&!,++.%6
20. Solar energy does not pollute the air.
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1. In 1939, scientists discovered that certain atoms could be split. The splitting
of these atoms releases a great amount of energy.
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3. Nuclear plants provide about 20 percent of the electricity generated in the
U.S.
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amount of fuel.
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fossil fuel plants.
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7. Uranium is easy to transport.
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12. Some parts of reactors become radioactive after they have been used.
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fuel pools or dry cask containers at the plant sites.
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years as concern over global climate change has increased.
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1. Wind is air in motion caused by the uneven heating of the earth’s surface by
the sun.
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to generate electricity.
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blades are connected to drive shafts that turn generators to make electricity.
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electricity.
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generate needed electricity.
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tops of smooth, rounded hills, open plains or shorelines, and mountain gaps.
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cities.
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electricity to utility companies.
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access to electricity.
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noise.
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GREAT ENERGY DEBATE
Evaluation Form
State: ___________
Grade Level: ___________
Number of Students: __________
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Other Comments:
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Manassas, VA 20108
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NEED National Sponsors and Partners
American Association of Blacks in Energy
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BP Foundation
BP
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U.S. Department of the Interior
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