Canadian History
Unit 5 Review answers
5.1
1. What was the immediate cause to World War 2? ​The invasion of Poland by Germany
2. What were the underlying causes of World War 2?​ the terms of the Treaty of
Versailles, the rise of Fascism, failure of the League of Nations & the policy of
appeasement.
3. When did it occur? ​Sept 1, 1939
4. What was the name of the treaty signed after World War 1? ​The Treaty of Versaille
5. What was it meant to prevent? ​Germany disrupting peace again
6. What sentiment did this treaty prompt in German people? ​Resentment
7. What was Germany forced to pay to the Allies? ​Reparations
8. What did Hitler promise to the German people? ​To restore a sense of pride and unite
all Germans in one country
9. This is a system of government in which a nationalism is promoted, labor and industry
are regulated by a strong national government, and all opposition is suppressed.
Fascism
10. Who founded Fascism in Italy in 1922? ​ Benito Mussolini
11. What were the three ideals of Fascism? ​Nationalism, militarism and persecution
12. This is known as Devotion to one’s country even at the expense of everyone else?
Extreme nationalism
13. This is known as one who rules a country alone and All opposition is suppressed and the
media is censored? ​Devotion to a dictator
14. This is known as Focus on having a strong army and using war to settle disputes?
Militarism
15. This is known as Blaming the country’s problems on scapegoats? ​ Persecution of
minorities
16. What were the two forms of fascism in Germany? ​Lebensraum (the quest for living
space for all Germans) and anti-semitism (hatred of Jews)
17. What was the name of the German Liner that was denied sent back to Europe because
the jewish people were denied sanctuary in Canada? ​St. Louis
18. Of the the 907 Jewish passengers on board, how many would die in concentration
camps? ​254
19. What was the name of the league that was founded by the winners of World War 1 to
create permanent peace? ​League of Nations
20. In what year was it formed? ​1919
21. This was the basis of the league which meant that if a member was threatened with
conflict, the others would come to its aid- preferably by discussion & diplomacy rather
than by the use of force. ​Collective security
22. What land did Japan invade invade in 1931 that concerned the league of nations?
Manchuria
23. What land did Italy invade in 1935 that concerned the league of nations? ​Abyssinia
(Ethiopia)
24. This means giving in to the demands of an aggressor to avoid war? ​Appeasement
25. When did Hitler become dictator of Germany? ​1933
26. When did Hitler start rebuilding the German Military? ​1935
27. This was agreement dictated that If Hitler agreed he would not seek other territories, the
Sudetenland would be handed to him, without any objections from Britain or France?
The Munich Pact
What were three ways fascism gained popularity in canada?
Italian Canadians were sympathetic toward Mussolini's Government • The Catholic Church in
Quebec saw Nazism as a protector against godless Communists • In large cities like Toronto
and Montreal there were attacks against Jews, who were also kept out of some professions.
What were three aims of the league of nations?​ improvement of world health & of living &
working conditions.
Why did the league fail?
• It failed to prevent war because its member nations would not support it and the US refused to
join • The league had no power of its own [Military], except the strength of its members
• Following WWI Canada distrusted European governments. It was leery of the League of
Nations, even though it was a member • When Japan invaded Manchuria (a province of China)
in 1931, the League of Nations condemned the action but its member nations would do nothing
to stop Japan
Why did the league fail with regards to the Japanese invasion?
Well with no Military power (Britain or France) willing to actually fight Japan, they had no choice
but to only verbally condemn Japanese action. In other words, only a slap on the wrist. On top
of this, with no help from the United States with regards to economic sanctions, they could not
hope to “starve out” the Japanese. When this occurred, Japan called the accusation
hypocritical, and walked out of the League of Nations. There was little the league could do to
stop Japan.
What did the league of nations attempt to do to italy when the invaded Abyssinia and why
did it fail?​ The League objected and attempted an economic boycott of Italy, but It failed to
block delivery of oil supplies (Mostly due to the United States no willing to join in with the
sanctions.)
Explain how Hitler and Germany were appeased before the start of World War 2​.
1933-Hitler becomes dictator of Germany through the “Enabling Act.” This gives himself full
control of the country. 1935- Starts rebuilding the German Military 1936-Hitler takes control of
the Rhineland and begins to rebuild the industry there. (This was the DMZ) 1938-Hitler sends
troops into Austria to “reunify the German people.” This is called the “Anschluss of Austria”
1938- A few months later, Hitler demands the “Sudetenland” of the neighboring country of
Czechoslovakia. This results into what is known as the “Munich Pact”
• British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain called the agreement “Peace in our time.” • He
signed it because: • He feared another war • He believed Hitler would stop wanting more land,
and that he would keep to his promise. • In Canada, PM King supported Britain’s signing of the
Munich Pact
5.2
1. When did Canada declare war on Germany? ​September 10, 1939
2. What was the name of the passenger ship that was sunk by German u-boats with 500
Canadian passengers on September 3, 1939? ​Athenia
3. What did King Promise about conscription at the start of the war? ​conscription would
never be enacted by the government
4. Canada was not prepared for war when it started. How many did we have in the army
(regular troops)? ​ 4000​ part-time in the militia? ​60 000 ​ navy? ​3000​
Air force?
4000
5. When did the first Canadian troop reach Britain? ​December, 1939
6. What was the name of the place where 350000 British and French had to be rescued by
civilian and naval vessels? ​Dunkirk
7. This is An attacking force spearheaded by a dense concentration of armoured and
motorized infantry formations, and heavily backed up by close air support, forces a
breakthrough into the enemy's line of defense through a series of short, fast, powerful
attacks; and once in the enemy's territory, proceeds to dislocate them using speed and
surprise, and then encircle them. ​Blitzkrieg
8. Where was Canada’s first engagement in the second World War? ​Hong Kong
9. Why did the british send troops there? ​might deter Japan from attacking the island.
10. What was the name of the plan where pilots were trained in Canada from all over the
world? ​British Commonwealth Air Training plan ​ How many pilots did they train?
131000
11. What was the name of the spy school located just outside Oshawa, Ontario that trained
spies from Canada, America and Britain? ​Camp X
12. What were the type of ships that escorted merchant supply ship convoys across the
North Atlantic? ​Corvettes and Destroyers
13. What was the range of activities for the Royal Canadian Navy? ​submarine warfare in
the North Atlantic to defense of the West Coast from a feared Japanese invasion
14. Where type of planes did Canadian pilots fly mostly during World War 2? ​bombers
15. What was the name given to the German bombing raids on Britain? ​ Battle of Britain
16. British Retaliation on German Cities on military targets killed and injured how many
German civilians? ​1 million
How did most Canadians feel about the start of the war?
• As the horrors of the First World War lingered in the minds of Canadians, few displayed
excitement & few expected a short war. • Few however realized that the new conflict would be
even longer & more costly than the First World War
From notes and questions, describe some of the new War technologies that came about
in World war 2.
• New Technological advancements, such as fighter & bomber aircraft as well as improved
tanks, artillery & guns changed the nature of the Second World War. • Fast-moving forces
required long-range communications, new radar and secret codes. • This made things much
more dangerous for civilian populations & made the Second World War even more devastating
than the First.
Why was it when the first Canadians reached Britain that it was a long time before they
were engaged in battle?
Most were stationed in Britain, undergoing training & preparing to fight off the expected German
invasion.
What was Newfoundland contributions to World War 2?• Newfoundlanders served on the land,
sea and air • Many worked as merchant mariners transporting goods • Newfoundland sent 22
000 recruits, without the use of conscription • Newfoundlanders also served in various sections
of the
Canadian military. i.e the Royal Canadian Air Force
What happened to Canadian troops in the defense of Hong Kong?
In October 1941, two barely trained Canadian battalions sailed from Vancouver. • The Canadian
force totaled 1975 troops. • The outnumbered Allied troops held out against the Japanese from
December 8th to the 22nd , when supplies & ammunition ran out. • The Allies were forced to
surrender. • The cost of the defense of Hong Kong was high to the air war?for the Canadian
battalions, 290 were killed & another 500 wounded.
What was Canada’s greatest contribution to the air war?​ the British Commonwealth Air
Training Plan, which trained 131 000+ Allied flyers in 231 Canadian sites
What were the roles of women during World war 2?
• Canadian women had played a valuable role as nurses & teachers in the South African War &
a much broader role in the First World War. • In the Second World War, their role expanded
even further. • At the beginning of the war many women volunteered for military service but
authorities were slow to accept them.
• By 1941- 42 women’s branches of the army, air force & navy were created for the first time in
Canadian history. • Between 1941 & 1945, more than 46,000 women served overseas in a
variety of traditional & non- traditional military roles, such as cooks, nurses, mechanics, welders
& radio operators. • Some women were assigned to coastal defense & some even flew planes
across the Atlantic in Ferry Command.
How were black and Aboriginal Canadians treated throughout the war ?
• Black & Aboriginal soldiers served in all the major campaigns of the war. • When the war broke
out, there was some prejudice against black Canadians in recruiting practices.
• As the war progressed, however, black Canadians were accepted into all branches of the
armed forces. • They served both in the ranks & as officers. • The atmosphere was positive
enough that black Americans volunteered to fight in the Canadian rather than in the American
Armed Forces. • Aboriginals were not considered citizens of Canada and many volunteers
needed permission from the Department of Indian Affairs to enlist.
5.3
1. This term refers to the people fighting overseas and the people who stayed at home and
helped in any way they could? ​Total war effort
2. This act gave the government the right to detain people and tell industry and farmers
what to produce? ​War Measure Act
3. This refers to everything that was happening back home, away from the fighting in
Europe and the Pacific? ​The Home front
4. What was the name of the institution that produced hundreds of documentaries and
short films which were shown all over Canada? ​National Film Board
5. Who was in Favor of conscription during World war 2? ​English​ who was not in favor?
French
What was the Conscription Crisis of World War 2?
In 1939, Mackenzie King made an election promise that he would not introduce conscription for
overseas service. The following year, King’s government passed the National Resources
Mobilization Act (NRMA), which included conscription for home defense only. Young men were
called up for 30 days of training. In April 1941, it was extended for the duration of the war
In 1942, in the face of growing casualties overseas, the need for reinforcements grew. King
held a plebiscite, (a vote), asking Canadians to release him from his promise of not conscripting
for service overseas. Many Quebeckers saw this request as a betrayal
The majority of Canadians (64 %) generally supported the idea of compulsory overseas military
service. However, 79 % of English Canadians voted yes, while 85 % of French Canadians
voted no. About 13,000 conscripts were sent overseas but only 2,400 reached the front lines
before the war ended A very similar situation to that of WWI
What power did the war measures act give to the government of Canada?
The government had the power to assign workers to jobs in these industries as the need arose.
Certain products were rationed during the war & strikes & lockouts were replaced with
compulsory arbitration.
Censorship and the control and suppression of publications, writings, maps, plans, photographs,
communications and means of communication Arrest, detention, exclusion and deportation
Control of the harbours, ports and territorial waters of Canada and the movements of vessels
Transportation by land, air, or water and the control of the transport of persons and things
Trading, exportation, importation, production and manufacture Forfeiture and disposition of
property and of the use thereof.
Explain how Japanese Canadians were treated during World War 2 and what they lost?
Some people feared that Japanese Canadians would help the invaders, although there was no
evidence to cast doubt upon the loyalty of Japanese Canadians The fear of espionage (spying)
within the country led to the arrest, with no legal basis, of 38 Japanese Canadians
In February 1942, the government announced that people of Japanese ancestry living near to
the coast of British Columbia would be moved inland. Approximately 16,000 of the 21,000
evacuated Japanese Canadians were Canadian
Japanese Canadian businesses & homes were seized with little or no restitution & people were
sent to internment camps. Japanese Canadians continued to be denied the right to vote until
1949.
How were minority groups treated during World War 2?
Until 1942 the government ignored employers’ restrictions on hiring Blacks. After protests from
Black university students & a campaign by the press & the Canadian Jewish Congress, this
practiced ended. Prejudice was also evident with regard to refugees.
5.4
1. During the war were women paid more, less or the same as men?
2. What were women expected to do when the men returned from war? ​Give up their
jobs
3. Who were Canada’s main customers of war materials? ​Britain and the U.S
4. What were some of the measures that the government introduced during world war 2?
Rationing, taxation and war bonds to pay for the war
5. What war product replaced sleek luxury cars and family sedans? ​Gun carriers and
armored cars
6. Why was Canada an arsenal for and chief supplier of war materials for Britain? ​They
were safe from bombing
7. This was a lend-lease program for Canadian allies which supplied them with four billion
dollars worth of war material. A further credit of a billion dollars was given to Britain.
Mutual Aid
8. When did the war end in Europe? ​May 8, 1945 ​ what was the name given to this day?
V-E day
9. When did the war in the south Pacific end? ​August 14, 1945​ what name as given to
this day? ​V-J Day
10. What two cities did the Americans drop two atomic bombs on which brought an end to
the war in the Pacific? ​Hiroshima and Nagasaki
11. The losses Canada had in the war increased this? ​Patriotism
12. How many people died in battle, concentration camps and at home during the war? ​55
million
13. How much did the war cost Canada? ​18 billion and a debt of more than 10 billion
Explain the importance of Women on the Home Front​.
As men left vital jobs to go off to war, there was a dramatic increase in the number of women in
the workforce.
The National Selective Service (NSS) was set up to recruit women into wartime work Daycare
and tax breaks were provided Women worked side-by-side with men on farms By 1944, over 1
million women were in the workforce
What was the challenge that Canada faced with industry during World War 2?
the challenge of creating - practically from scratch - a strong industrial base to produce weapons
and war materials for the war effort. Canadian industry and the workforce of our country stepped
up with an amazing response to this situation and helped contribute to the Allied victory in the
war.
Explain how Victory Bonds, Rationing and recycling was important to the war effort.
• Buying Victory Bonds (War Bonds) were essential to the war effort on the home front • They
were a popular way to pay for the war in all the countries involved
Rationing- Sugar was the first item to be rationed, followed quickly by tea, coffee, butter,
gasoline and other vital materials
Recycling - People were encouraged not to throw away materials such as metal, rubber, clothe,
and food waste
They would be recycled and used in the war effort
What were the benefits of the war to Canadian industry and Agriculture?
During the war, agriculture became increasingly mechanized, manufacturing saw massive
growth, exports increased, government spending increased substantially, unemployment
virtually disappeared, and more than 1 million women, who were previously engaged in
homemaking moved into the workforce. The economy not only recovered from the Great
Depression, which had preceded the war, but also gained the momentum that would lead to
rapid postwar prosperity.
From 1946 to 1957, Canada saw increased prosperity, partly due to the needs of a rapidly
growing population for homes, schools, hospitals, roads, and factories. Canada’s exports also
continued to grow with its participation in the U.S.-led reconstruction of a war-ravaged Europe.
Canada and the United States were the only two major industrialized countries whose
infrastructures were substantially expanded during the war rather than devastated