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A Royal Colony
Struggles
Terms: immigrant, boycott,
Granville District, frontier, French and
Indian War, ranger, backcountry,
prairie, girdling, drover, grist mill,
toll, capital, appropriate, Regulator,
extortion, militia
People: Gabriel Johnston, Arthur
Dobbs, Scots-Irish, Germans,
Moravians, Highland Scots, Saura,
Reverend Alexander Craighead, David
Caldwell, William Tryon, Edmund
Fanning, Herman Husband, Josiah
Martin
Places: Fort Dobbs, Cross Creek,
Halifax, Hillsborough, Salisbury,
Charlotte, Wachovia, Alamance Creek
118
H
enry Weidner came to North
Carolina from Pennsylvania
at an early age. His widowed mother had joined
other Germans in a community where everyone wore the same kind
of clothes and slept on the floor with a
wooden block for a pillow. Henry, not
wanting that life, ran away. As his mother
later complained, he “went from me and
made himself his own master.”
In 1734, Henry made for the southern
wilderness to become a hunter and trapper. He set up camp on what became
known as the Henry River, near today’s
city of Hickory. For ten winters, he hunted
with his six-foot-long rifle; each spring,
he walked back all the way to Philadelphia to sell his skins and pelts.
At age thirty, having saved his money,
Henry decided to start a farm and a
family. He picked out a spot on the
Catawba River near the Blue Ridge. However, his hunting companion, a young
Irishman named John McDowell, wanted
the same land. So, the two wrestled for
it. For more than an hour they tussled.
Finally, McDowell threw Henry to the
ground and claimed the land for himself.
Pleasant Gardens in McDowell County is
still one of the most beautiful places in
the state.
North Carolina: Land of Contrasts
Henry went back to Pennsylvania and married sixteen-year-old
Katherine Mull. In 1750, he brought her to Henry River. They selected a
home site, built a log house with a huge stone chimney, and lived there
for the next forty years.
The Weidners, McDowells, and many others moved to North Carolina after it became a royal colony. The colony’s population doubled from
1730 to 1750, then doubled again from 1750 to 1770. Most of these
immigrants settled west of the fall line. The newcomers spoke different
languages and kept different customs than had the settlers of the Proprietary period. These backcountry families tried to take their place in the
affairs of the colony, but they only partially succeeded. Coastal residents
were no better able to get along with anyone in the 1700s than they had
been in the 1600s. In fact, the resulting ruckus led to one of the momentous events in state history, the Regulation.
Opposite page, above: The
pediment (triangular area below the
roof line) on Tryon Palace in New
Bern displays the British royal coat
of arms. Below: This is the main
street of Old Salem, a living history
museum of the main Moravian
settlement in North Carolina.
Chapter 4: A Royal Colony Struggles
119
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SIGNS OF THE TIMES
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________What
______________________________Carolinians
_____________________________________________come
________________________________
_______________________North
______________________________________________would
__________________________________________________
_______to
______know
______________as
_______classical
____________________music
_______________was
__________at
_____________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________its
________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________peak.
_______________George
____________________Frederick
_________________________Handel’s
___________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________“Messiah,”
______________________________________________________in
_______________________later
______________________________
____________________________________completed
_________________________________1741,
______________________________________________
________became
_____________________a_____favorite
_____________________event
_______________in
______churches
___________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________across
_________________North
_______________Carolina,
________________________including
___________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______Duke
_____________University
_________________________Chapel.
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MUSIC
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__________________thirteen
_______________________________________were
_____________________________up
_____________a
_________
________The
_______________________________colonies
___________________________________caught
__________________________in
_______________
________great
_______________religious
______________________revival
__________________known
_________________as
_______the
____________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________Great
_______________Awakening.
______________________________From
______________this
___________movement
_____________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________came
_______________the
_________Methodist
___________________________and
___________Baptist
___________________denomi_____________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________nations
____________________that
___________would
________________later
_____________be
_______popular
_____________________in
___________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________North
______________Carolina.
______________________George
__________________Whitefield,
__________________________the
____________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________leading
____________________minister
_____________________of
_______the
_________movement,
_____________________________would
_____________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________inspire
_________________Billy
___________Graham,
______________________a____North
______________Carolinian
________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________who
____________became
_____________________the
__________world’s
___________________leading
________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________preacher
_______________________in
______the
__________twentieth
________________________century.
____________________________________________
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RELIGION
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________The
_________religious
______________________movement
_________________________known
_________________as
______the
_____________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________Great
_______________Awakening
____________________________created
____________________a____need
______________for
__________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________ministers.
_________________________________College
________________________New
___________________________________________
_________________________________The
______________________________of
___________________Jersey,
_________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________created
_____________________by
_______Presbyterians
____________________________________in
______Princeton,
_________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________became
______________________________college
_________________________choice
_________________________new
___________________________
_____________________________the
___________________________of
________________________for
___________________________________
________settlers
____________________in
_______the
_________Carolina
_______________________backcountry.
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
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________Princeton
_________________________graduates
__________________________became
____________________the
_________leading
___________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________educators
_______________________of
______early
_____________North
_______________Carolina.
___________________________________________
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EDUCATION
120
Chapter 4: A Royal Colony Struggles
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________The
______________________of
_______________________________in
_____________________refused
_________________________________
___________________Earl
__________________Sandwich
_________________________________1760
_________________________________________________
________to
______quit
__________playing
__________________cards
______________when
_____________he
_______was
________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________hungry.
_____________________He
________ordered
_____________________his
_________servant
____________________to
_______bring
_________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________meat
______________and
__________cheese
__________________stuffed
__________________between
_______________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________pieces
________________________bread.
____________________________________of
________________________________________
________two
_________________________of
______________________Lovers
______________________North
_______________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________Carolina
______________________barbecue
________________________sandwiches
______________________________have
_______________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________been
____________grateful
___________________ever
___________since.
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FOOD
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_______________________________literally
_____________________________________thousands
________________________________________
________Electricity
_____________________________________________thrilled
_____________________________________________in
_________________
________Europe
__________________and
___________America.
_______________________People
__________________lined
_____________________in
________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________up
________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________human
__________________chains
_________________to
_______“get
___________a_____charge.”
______________________In
___________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________1752,
_________________Benjamin
__________________________Franklin’s
_________________________kite
___________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________experiment
_______________________________________________that
__________________________________was
__________________________
_____________________________________proved
_____________________________lightning
_________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______electricity.
_________________________His
_________fame
_____________later
____________led
________the
__________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________University
__________________________in
______Chapel
__________________Hill
__________to
______name
_______________its
__________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______main
_____________street
_______________in
_____Chapel
__________________Hill
_________after
____________him.
_____________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
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SCIENCE
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
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___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________rubber,”
_____________________________________was
__________________be
____________________for
________________
________“India
_______________________________________which
____________________________to
______________used
______________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________everything
___________________________from
_____________raincoats
________________________to
______erasers,
_____________________was
________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________brought
______________________to
______Great
________________Britain
___________________in
______1736.
__________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________Englishman
______________________________________________Watt
___________________________________a_____steam
_____________________
______________________________________James
_____________________________invented
________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______engine
_________________in
______1764
______________and
__________improved
______________________it
_____in
______1775.
_____________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
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_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________North
_______________Carolina
______________________was
___________the
_________fastest
__________________growing
________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________of
______the
__________thirteen
_____________________colonies.
________________________The
__________population
________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________was
______________________________in
_______________________It_____doubled
_________________________________________________
___________________50,000
_________________________1730.
___________________________________________by
____________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______1750,
________________then
___________doubled
____________________again
______________by
_______1770.
_________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
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TECHNOLOGY
POPULATION
Figure 7 Timeline: 1730–1775
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1754
Arthur Dobbs became royal governor;
Bethania established
1734
Gabriel Johnston
became first royal
governor
1753
Bethabara and Salisbury
established
1744
Granville District granted
1730
1770
Tryon’s Palace completed
1766
First meeting of Regulators
1752
Moravians arrived
in colony
1762
Charlotte founded
1750
1760
1740
1732
Colony of Georgia
founded
1771
Battle of Alamance
1741
Captain Vitus Bering
discovered Alaska
1754
French and Indian War began
1770
1765
James Watt invented
the steam engine
1763
French and Indian War ended
1757
First street lights appeared in Philadelphia
Signs of the Times
121
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TARGET READING SKILL
Comparing and Contrasting
Defining the Skill
Comparing and contrasting is a reading strategy that enables you to identify similarities or differences between two
or more events, people, places, or periods of time. When
comparing or contrasting, most often writers describe one
event, person, place, or thing and then write about a second similar or different event, person, place, or thing. Sometimes, however, you might see words like and, same as, as
well as, not only. . . but also, like, also, both and at the same
time used to describe two things that are similar. When
contrasting two or more items, authors may use words like
however, on the other hand, but, on the contrary, in contrast,
as opposed to and different from.
Practicing the Skill
After reading Section 3, make a list of characteristics of
life on the Carolina frontier. Then, draw a Venn diagram
like the one shown here. Under “Carolina Frontier,” list characteristics of the area during the period of early settlement.
Under “Carolina Today,” list characteristics of life in North
Carolina today. In the middle section, list common characteristics of then and now.
Carolina Frontier
Carolina Today
Similarities
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Chapter 4: A Royal Colony Struggles