#25: From Normalcy to Economic Bedlam
1. The term with which President Warren G. Harding is frequently identified is
A) New Nationalism.
B) “normalcy.”
C) progressive individualism.
D) New Freedom.
2. The Ohio gang is associated with President
A) Warren G. Harding.
B) Calvin Coolidge.
C) Herbert Hoover.
D) Woodrow Wilson.
3. Of his life in the White House, which of the following presidents referred to it as a “prison”?
A) Herbert Hoover
B) Franklin D. Roosevelt
C) Woodrow Wilson
D) Warren G. Harding
4. His admirers regarded Andrew Mellon as the greatest secretary of the treasury since Alexander
Hamilton because he
A) proposed reducing the income tax on high incomes and abolishing the inheritance tax.
B) opposed lower tax rates for incomes under $66,000.
C) supported the farm bloc.
D) continued low tariffs on industrial products.
5. During the 1920s, appointments to federal regulatory agencies such as the Interstate Commerce
Commission and the Federal Reserve Board were generally
A) liberal.
B) pro-big business.
C) radical.
D) delayed by Congress.
6. Charles R. Forbes, a Harding appointee, stole millions of dollars from the
A) Department of the Interior.
B) Library of Congress.
C) Veterans Bureau.
D) Department of the Treasury.
7. The illegal leasing of government oil reserves at Teapot Dome, Wyoming, was the worst scandal
involving the administration of President
A) Woodrow Wilson.
B) Calvin Coolidge.
C) Herbert Hoover.
D) Warren G. Harding.
This material is intended solely for educational purpose in conjunction with The American Nation: A History of the United States by Mark C. Carnes and
John A. Garraty. It is for private use only and may not be disseminated, duplicated, sold, or marketed in any manner. Individuals are limited to one copy
to be used exclusively as a classroom academic device and which must be submitted to the course instructor within one week of printing. Any other use
is strictly prohibited. Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458.
8. Harding's Secretary of the Interior, Albert B. Fall, was
A) devoted to preservation of the wilderness.
B) the only honest member of Harding's administration.
C) implicated in the Teapot Dome scandal.
D) too mentally ill to stand trial for his crimes.
9. Immediately after the Great War, Americans generally were
A) retreating into isolationism.
B) anxious to participate in international organizations.
C) reluctant to abandon the rest of the world.
D) optimistic about a "good neighbor" policy with Latin America.
10. The Five-Power Treaty signed by the United States, Great Britain, Japan, France, and Italy in 1922
committed them to
A) limiting their armed forces to a fixed ratio.
B) respecting one another's interest in the Pacific islands.
C) limiting their battleships to a fixed ratio.
D) respecting one another's interest in the Indian Ocean.
11. Under the Kellogg-Briand Pact of 1928, the United States agreed to
A) join the League of Nations despite its previous objections.
B) cooperate with the World Court in all matters outside of the Western Hemisphere.
C) reduce its navy by half during the next ten years.
D) renounce war as a solution in international controversies.
12. Members of the peace movement of the 1920s believed that
A) peace could be attained by pointing out the moral disadvantages of war.
B) international cooperation was the key to peace.
C) membership in the World Court was the essential to the foundation of world peace.
D) the U.S. should not sign the Kellogg-Briand Pact.
13. Herbert Hoover’s administration reversed the policies of President Wilson toward Latin America by
A) adopting the approach of the Roosevelt Corollary.
B) declaring the right to intervene dependent on the doctrine of self-preservation.
C) trying to teach the Latin Americans “to elect good men.”
D) stating unequivocally that America had the right to intervene to preserve any and all U.S. interests.
14. The significant change in American policy toward the Caribbean that occurred in the 1930s was
A) withdrawing American marines occupying Nicaragua, Haiti, and the Dominican Republic.
B) insisting it had the right to intervene in Latin American internal affairs whenever it wanted to.
C) forming a regional Alliance for Progress to encourage economic development in Latin America.
D) demanding that European powers should not acquire any additional colonies in the Caribbean.
15. The totalitarian challenge to the United States and the European democracies began with the 1931
invasion of Manchuria by
A) Vietnam.
B) Russia.
C) Germany.
D) Japan
This material is intended solely for educational purpose in conjunction with The American Nation: A History of the United States by Mark C. Carnes and
John A. Garraty. It is for private use only and may not be disseminated, duplicated, sold, or marketed in any manner. Individuals are limited to one copy
to be used exclusively as a classroom academic device and which must be submitted to the course instructor within one week of printing. Any other use
is strictly prohibited. Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458.
16. Under the Stimson Doctrine, the United States
A) renounced the U.S. claim of the right to intervene in the internal affairs of Latin America.
B) applied the principle of the Open Door Policy to Africa as well as Asia.
C) announced a complete boycott of any aggressor nation.
D) declared that it would never recognize the legality of seizures made in violation of U.S. treaty rights.
17. The democracies failed to unite to resist totalitarianism during the 1920s and 1930s because they
disagreed with each other over the
A) futures of their colonies.
B) role of the League of Nations.
C) morality of using force in foreign policy.
D) repayment of debts from the Great War.
18. The 1924 ________ Plan attempted to solve Germany's post-war financial problems by granting it a
$200 million loan.
A) Dawes
B) Young
C) La Follette
D) Mellon
19. The Republican elected president in 1928, the "intellectual leader, almost the philosopher, of the New
Era," was
A) Herbert Hoover.
B) Calvin Coolidge.
C) Warren G. Harding.
D) William H. Taft.
20. The Democratic candidate for president in 1928 was ________, an anti-prohibition Catholic from
New York City.
A) James M. Cox
B) Al Smith
C) "Big Tim" Sullivan
D) Leonard Wood
21. Herbert Hoover's victory in 1928 was
A) by such a large margin that the Republicans seemed on the verge of disappearing as a political party.
B) by the slimmest possible margin in both the popular vote and the Electoral College.
C) a smashing triumph, appearing to doom the Democrats to extinction.
D) achieved only in the Electoral College, not the popular vote.
22. During the twenties, large manufacturers
A) continued to be attacked and broken up by the trust-busting presidents.
B) did their best to bankrupt and destroy their competitors.
C) used their monopolistic power to gain the maximum profit in the short run.
D) often sought market stability through trade associations.
This material is intended solely for educational purpose in conjunction with The American Nation: A History of the United States by Mark C. Carnes and
John A. Garraty. It is for private use only and may not be disseminated, duplicated, sold, or marketed in any manner. Individuals are limited to one copy
to be used exclusively as a classroom academic device and which must be submitted to the course instructor within one week of printing. Any other use
is strictly prohibited. Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458.
23. The weakest element in the economy during the 1920s was
A) retailing.
B) petroleum.
C) steel.
D) agriculture.
24. President Hoover believed that direct economic aid to farmers
A) should have been included as part of a global plan of economic recovery.
B) was necessary to ease the agricultural depression of the 1920s.
C) should be opposed as a matter of principle.
D) was compatible with traditional ideals of individualism.
25. The primary economic weakness undermining the prosperity of the 1920s was the
A) extensive fragmentation in the financial markets.
B) maldistribution of resources.
C) excessive government regulation.
D) increasing industrial consolidation.
26. The October 1929 collapse of ________ signaled the end of speculative boom.
A) Morgan Guarantee and Trust
B) Ford Motor
C) the New York Stock Exchange
D) Standard Oil
27. President Hoover’s assurance that “the business of the country…is on a sound and prosperous basis”
preceded which of the following events?
A) U.S. signing of the Dawes Plan
B) stock market crash of October, 1929
C) election of 1928
D) Ohio Gang scandals
28. The president during the stock market collapse and the start of the Great Depression was
A) Calvin Coolidge.
B) Woodrow Wilson.
C) Warren G. Harding.
D) Herbert Hoover.
29. The Great Depression was a worldwide phenomenon caused chiefly by the
A) worldwide stock market booms of 1930.
B) faulty tax policies of the Hoover administration.
C) illegal financial manipulations by large bankers.
D) economic imbalances resulting from the chaos of the Great War.
30. The economic problems causing the Great Depression came to a head mainly because of the
A) anti-business attitudes in Congress.
B) overconsumption of consumer goods.
C) easy credit policies of the Federal Reserve Board.
D) production shortages in basic consumer goods.
This material is intended solely for educational purpose in conjunction with The American Nation: A History of the United States by Mark C. Carnes and
John A. Garraty. It is for private use only and may not be disseminated, duplicated, sold, or marketed in any manner. Individuals are limited to one copy
to be used exclusively as a classroom academic device and which must be submitted to the course instructor within one week of printing. Any other use
is strictly prohibited. Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458.
31. Herbert Hoover's primary response to the Great Depression was to
A) let the Depression run its own course.
B) expand direct federal relief to the unemployed.
C) try to restore public confidence.
D) increase direct federal assistance for the hungry and homeless.
32. Hoover's program for ending the Depression called for the federal government to
A) take control of bankrupt state and local relief programs.
B) provide direct federal relief to the unemployed.
C) lend funds to banks and corporations on the verge of collapse.
D) intervene actively in the economy by prohibiting manufacturers from cutting wages or laying off
workers.
33. Hoover's plans for ending the Great Depression
A) might have been theoretically sound, but flexibility was needed in their implementation.
B) demonstrated little faith in his power to persuade people to act in the public interest.
C) showed his willingness to experiment boldly and persistently to search for solutions.
D) relied too heavily on legal compulsion to succeed.
34. During the Great Depression, President Hoover permitted the Federal Farm Board to
A) authorize a reduction in wages and output.
B) increase tariffs so that any excess food would be used for domestic consumption.
C) check the rapid increase in agricultural prices.
D) establish stabilization corporations to purchase surplus wheat and cotton.
35. One important aspect of the way Hoover dealt with the Depression was his
A) overeagerness to use federal resources when state and local agencies complained they did not have
enough resources.
B) rejection of laissez-faire economics.
C) refusal to allow federal funds to be used for direct relief for individuals.
D) willingness to force people to act in the public interest.
36. In 1932, Hoover approved creating the ________ to lend money to insurance companies, railroads,
and banks.
A) Federal Financial Emergency Board
B) Reconstruction Finance Corporation
C) Federal Reserve Board
D) National Recovery Administration
37. Herbert Hoover's response to the Great Depression was inadequate because it was
A) too innovative and experimental.
B) based on laissez-faire economics.
C) a rejection of basic American values.
D) too rigid and uncompromising.
This material is intended solely for educational purpose in conjunction with The American Nation: A History of the United States by Mark C. Carnes and
John A. Garraty. It is for private use only and may not be disseminated, duplicated, sold, or marketed in any manner. Individuals are limited to one copy
to be used exclusively as a classroom academic device and which must be submitted to the course instructor within one week of printing. Any other use
is strictly prohibited. Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458.
38. What was the effect of the federal government’s attempt to balance the budget during the
Depression?
A) It set a good example for the populace on how to live within one’s means.
B) It increased federal revenue but not enough to ease suffering.
C) It made the Depression worse and put the federal government further into debt.
D) It increased consumer confidence and brought about the beginning of recovery.
39. Believing that a balanced budget was essential to recovery, which of the following said, “Prosperity
cannot be restored by raids on the public Treasury”?
A) J. P. Morgan, Jr.
B) Huey Long
C) Franklin D. Roosevelt
D) Herbert Hoover
40. During the Great Depression, "Hoovervilles" became homes for
A) homeless people.
B) displaced Native Americans.
C) rebellious farmers.
D) Mexicans awaiting deportation.
41. In the early 1930s, federal immigration agents rounded up ________ for deportation because of fear
they might become dependent on public funds.
A) Polish Americans
B) Mexican Americans
C) Russian Jews
D) Italian Americans
42. The Bonus Army which came to Washington, D.C. in 1932, consisted largely of
A) unemployed steelworkers.
B) municipal, county, and state employees.
C) leftwing activists.
D) unemployed veterans.
43. Disgruntled by the events of the 1920s, a considerable number of members of which group became
interested in communism?
A) Democrats
B) industrial workers
C) farmers
D) intellectuals
44. How were families of the unemployed affected by the Great Depression?
A) Grandparents tended to become more important than parents.
B) Wives' influence tended to increase.
C) Parents' authority tended to increase.
D) The birthrate increased sharply.
This material is intended solely for educational purpose in conjunction with The American Nation: A History of the United States by Mark C. Carnes and
John A. Garraty. It is for private use only and may not be disseminated, duplicated, sold, or marketed in any manner. Individuals are limited to one copy
to be used exclusively as a classroom academic device and which must be submitted to the course instructor within one week of printing. Any other use
is strictly prohibited. Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458.
45. Franklin D. Roosevelt owed his nomination for president to his success as
A) mayor of New York City.
B) U.S. Senator from Ohio.
C) governor of New York.
D) secretary of commerce.
46. During the 1920s, Franklin D. Roosevelt's political ideas were
A) shaped by his extensive study of the writings of John Maynard Keynes.
B) uniformly in agreement with the socialism of Eugene Debs and Norman Thomas.
C) profoundly influenced by his experience of daily contact with the poor as a social worker.
D) consistent with the basic values of Coolidge prosperity.
47. The map “The Roosevelt Political Revolution, 1932” shows that
A) the Democrats dominated the 1928 election.
B) the 1932 election was a close contest.
C) the Deep South voted Republican in both the 1928 and 1932 elections.
D) Democratic candidate Franklin Roosevelt won a landslide victory in 1932.
48. The drawing above best demonstrates the 1920s United States foreign policy of
A) independent internationalism.
B) expansionism.
C) dollar diplomacy.
D) isolationism.
This material is intended solely for educational purpose in conjunction with The American Nation: A History of the United States by Mark C. Carnes and
John A. Garraty. It is for private use only and may not be disseminated, duplicated, sold, or marketed in any manner. Individuals are limited to one copy
to be used exclusively as a classroom academic device and which must be submitted to the course instructor within one week of printing. Any other use
is strictly prohibited. Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458.
49. Unlike the policies of his opponent, Franklin Roosevelt pledged during his campaign that his
administration would
A) do what was necessary to protect individuals and advance the public good.
B) protect big business and allow prosperity to trickle down.
C) act conservatively in its approach to the nation’s problems.
D) adhere to the conventional limitations of governmental power.
50. The heart of Roosevelt's New Deal was
A) decreasing the size of the federal government.
B) laissez-faire economics.
C) democratic socialism.
D) bold, persistent experimentation.
This material is intended solely for educational purpose in conjunction with The American Nation: A History of the United States by Mark C. Carnes and
John A. Garraty. It is for private use only and may not be disseminated, duplicated, sold, or marketed in any manner. Individuals are limited to one copy
to be used exclusively as a classroom academic device and which must be submitted to the course instructor within one week of printing. Any other use
is strictly prohibited. Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458.