Chapter 2 Notes:
Matter
Anything that has mass and takes up space
Its properties are determined by the structure of its atoms and how they are joined
Atoms
Tiny building blocks of matter, made up of protons, neutrons, and electrons
Mass
Measured in grams
The amount of matter in an object
No matter where in the universe something is, mass never changes unless you add matter to it or take
matter away from it
On Earth, mass and weight are equal
States of Matter
Solid - (examples - ice, rock, wood )
Liquid - (examples - water, oil, gasoline)
Gas - (examples - air, oxygen, helium)
Plasma - (lightning)
Volume
The amount of space an object takes up.
A cotton ball and a golf ball may have the same volume but the golf ball contains more matter and more
mass
Density (d)
A property of matter found by dividing the mass by its volume
Measured in g/mL or g/cm3
1mL = 1cm3
Ex. - a cube has a mass of 8g and a volume of 2mL
Physical property
A property that you can observe without changing the substance into a new substance. (ie. Change in
physical appearance)
Physical change
Occurs when one or more physical properties of a substance are changed
Many physical changes can be undone by physical means
Substance remains the same substance
Ex. - liquid water freezing into ice is still H20
Chemical property
A property that describes a change that occurs when one substance reacts with another. (ie. Can’t change
back)
Chemical Change
Occurs when one or more substances are changed into new substances with different properties.
A chemical change cannot be undone by physical means
Ex. - burning something changes the substance into ash.