Chapter 14, 17 Study Guide: Movement of Ocean Water and Changes in Climate
1. Although they flow near the top of the ocean, ___________________ can reach depths of several hundred
meters.
2. Although they flow near the bottom of the ocean, ________________ sometimes flow on top of other currents.
3. What three factors control surface currents?_______________________________________________________
4. What are the curved paths of global winds and surface currents caused by?______________________________
5. What happens to a surface current when it hits a continent?__________________________________________
6. What does a surface current do when it deflects?___________________________________________________
7. Give an example of a surface current._____________________________________________________________
8. Give an example of a deep water current.__________________________________________________________
9. As water gets denser, how does it move?__________________________________________________________
10. How do warm-water currents affect the coastal areas along which they flow?_____________________________
11. How would California be different if there were no California Current?__________________________________
12. What weather pattern makes the ocean surface warmer?_____________________________________________
13. What weather pattern make the ocean surface cooler?_______________________________________________
14. What devices are used to collect data to predict an El Niño?___________________________________________
15. What term describes a long period of time with no rain?______________________________________________
16. Describe the negative effects of El Niño.___________________________________________________________
17. El Niño can prevent upwelling along the Pacific coast. What might happen if normal upwelling does not take
place? Make predictions and support them with facts._______________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
18. What are the two main parts of a wave?___________________________________________________________
19. What is the highest point of a wave?______________________________________________________________
20. What is the lowest point of a wave?______________________________________________________________
21. What is the distance between two crests or troughs?________________________________________________
22. How do you calculate wave speed?_______________________________________________________________
23. What transports most of the sediment in beach environments?________________________________________
24. Which type of wave makes for the best sailing in the ocean?___________________________________________
25. Huge waves called _________________ are caused by underwater earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, and
landslides.
26. How does an earthquake cause a tsunami?_________________________________________________________
27. Neap, spring, high, and low are all types of ________________________.
28. The most important force that creates tides is the gravity of the ________________________.
29. What is the moon’s gravity doing to the ocean water during a high tide?_________________________________
30. The difference between levels of ocean water at high tide and low tide is called a(n)______________________.
31. A narrow inlet of land along a coast is where you might see a _____________________. This causes a very
sudden rise in the tide.
32. What does the Milankovitch theory state?_________________________________________________________
33. What does the name Pangaea describe?___________________________________________________________
34. What happens to the wind when the sun is as its solar maximum?______________________________________
35. How would an asteroid most likely change the Earth’s climate?________________________________________
36. Would a volcano and an asteroid have similar or different effects on Earth’s climate? Explain._______________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
37. Give an example of human activity that increases Earth’s climate.______________________________________
38. What do you think is the best way to prevent global warming?_________________________________________
39. Define independent variable.____________________________________________________________________
40. Define dependent variable._____________________________________________________________________
41. Define control._______________________________________________________________________________
42. A scientist wants to test if fertilizer will make a rose plant produce more roses. He takes two rose plants. He
gives one rose plant the fertilizer while the other rose plant does not get any fertilizer. His experiment lasts for
two months and he records the number of roses produced by each plant
A.
What is the independent variable?____________________________________________________________
B. What is the dependent variable?______________________________________________________________
C. What is the control?_______________________________________________________________________