World History
Industrial Revolution Notes
Name______________________________
The Agricultural or (Agrarian) Revolution
What was the Agrarian Revolution?
• .
Enclosure Movement

• Made small strip farms into larger farms.
Population Explosion
•
• Also improved medical care and sanitation helped people live longer.
•
Result: Land & farm labor productivity increased
Increase in English food supply, didn’t need as many farmers to produce it
Released farm labor for other jobs
 .
 .

Industrial Revolution Characteristics
Start of Revolution
• Began around 1750
•
•
Period also saw technology develop rapidly and production increased.
Industrial Revolution Characteristics Continued
Factory System and Mass Production
• Textile industry first to be Industrialized.
•
• By 1700’s, new machines were too big for homes. spinners and weavers began to work in long sheds.
• These sheds brought workers and machines together and became the first factories.
•
•
•
Factory system promoted mass production.
Why did Industrial Revolution begin in England?
Geography of England
•
• As island, they had many harbors for trade.
•
Population Growth and Change
• Major population growth led to more workers.
•
• More people move to cities to work in factories.
Why did Industrial Revolution begin in England? Continued
Capital for Investment
•
•
Energy and Technology
•
• Power goes from giant water wheels to coal power steam engines to power new machines.
18th, 19th, 20th Centuries More Industrialized Nations
•
20th: Russia & China
Social Consequences
• .
•
• BUT, a theory called Laissez-Faire Economics called for little or no government interference into
business operations.
The book The Wealth of Nations by Adam Smith promoted the laissez-faire ideas, which became the basis of
the economic system during the Industrial Revolution.
Social Consequences Continued
Living & Working Conditions
• Drab & blackened w/ soot
•
• Lived in 1 room & life poor
Treatment of Workers
• Jobs only for unskilled workers
•
• Worked long hrs – up to 14-16/day
•
• Few Holidays
•
• Had to bargain individually – employers no sympathy (competing w/ other industries)
•
Social Consequences Continued
Changing Social Roles
• The roles of men, women, and children changed in the new industrial society.
•
• Social class had impact on family life
Middle-Class
• Men worked in the public world of business and government.
•
•
Working- Class
• Both men and women had to work long hours in factories for very little pay and women received
much less pay then men.
• Children had to work long hours to help support families.
•
British Led the Way W/ Textile Industry – Inventions
Jon Hay: Flying shuttle
•
James Hargreaves: Spinning Jenny
•
Steam Engines
Steam Engine:
• 1st used wood then coal = too costly
•
Thomas Newcomen
•
• Still inefficient & expensive (still used in mines)
Steam Engines
James Watt
•
• Manufactured them for Britain & export
•
• Successful for use in factories to power machines
Transportation Inventions
•
• George Stephenson Steam locomotive
Eventually led to invention of steamship