Atomic
Number (z)
Name
Year
Discovered
Symbol
Discoverer
1
Hydrogen
H
1766
Henry Cavendish
3
Lithium
Li
1818
Johan August Arfvedson
5
Boron
B
1808
(isolated)
Humphry Davy
7
Nitrogen
N
1772
Daniel Rutherford
9
Fluorine
F
1886
(isolated)
Ferdinand Frederic, Henri Moissan
11
Sodium
Na
1807
Sir Humphry Davy
13
Aluminium
Al
1825
(isolated)
Hans Christian Oersted
15
Phosphorus
P
1669
Hennig Brand
17
Chlorine
Cl
1774
Carl Wilhelm Scheele
19
Potassium
K
1807
(isolated)
Sir Humphry Davy
21
Scandium
Sc
1879
Lars Fredrik Nilson
23
Vanadium
V
1801/1830
Andres Manuel del Rio y Fernandez/Nils
Gabriel Sefstrom
25
Manganese
Mn
1774
(isolated)
Johan Gottlieb Gahn
27
Cobalt
Co
1739
Georg Brandt
29
Copper
Cu
-
known since ancient times
31
Gallium
Ga
1875
Paul-Emile Lecoq de Boisbaudran
33
Arsenic
As
-
known since ancient times
35
Bromine
Br
1826
Antoine-Jerome Balard
37
Rubidium
Rb
1861
Robert Bunsen, Gustav Kirchoff
39
Yttrium
Y
1794
Johan Gadolin
41
Niobium
Nb
1801
Charles Hatchett
43
Technetium
Tc
1937
Carlo Perrier, Emilio Segre
(synthesised)
45
Rhodium
Rh
1803
William Hyde Wollaston
47
Silver
Ag
-
known since ancient times
49
Indium
In
1863
Ferdinand Reich, Hieronymus Theodor
Richter
51
Antimony
Sb
-
known since ancient times
53
Iodine
I
1811
Barnard Courtois
55
Caesium
Cs
1860
Robert Wilhelm Bunsen, Gustav Robert
Kirchoff
57
Lanthanum
La
1839
Carl Gustaf Mosander
59
Praseodymium Pr
1885
Carl F. Auer von Welsbach
61
Promethium
Pm
63
Europium
Eu
65
Terbium
Tb
1843
Carl Gustaf Mosander
67
Holmium
Ho
1879
Per Theodor Cleve
69
Thulium
Tm
1879
Per Theodor Cleve
71
Lutetium
Lu
1907
Georges Urbain
73
Tantalum
Ta
1802
Anders Gustaf Ekeberg
75
Rhenium
Re
1925
Ida Tacke-Noddack, Walter Noddack, Otto
Carl Berg
77
Iridium
Ir
1803
Smithson Tennant
79
Gold
Au
-
known since ancient times
81
Thallium
Tl
1861
Sir William Crookes
83
Bismuth
Bi
1753
Claude-Francois Geoffroy the Younger
85
Astatine
At
1940
Dale R. Carson, K.R. MacKenzie, Emilio
(synthesised) Segre
87
Francium
Fr
1939
Marguerite Catherine Perey
89
Actinium
Ac
1899
Andre-Louis Debierne
91
Protactinium
Pa
1913
Kasimir Fajans, O.H. Gohring
93
Neptunium
Np
95
Americium
Am
97
Berkelium
Bk
99
Einsteinium
Es
101
Mendelevium
Md
103
Lawrencium
Lr
105
Dubnium
Db
1944
Jacob A. Marinsky, Lawrence E. Glendenin,
(synthesised) Charles D. Coryell
1896
Eugene-Antole Demarcay
(separation
1940
(synthesised)
1944
(synthesised)
1949
(synthesised)
1952
(synthesised)
1955
(synthesised)
1961
(synthesised)
1967/1970
(synthesised)
Edwin M. McMillan, Philip H. Abelson
Glenn T. Seaborg, Ralph A. James, Leon O.
Morgan, Albert Ghiorso
Glenn T. Seaborg, Stanley G. Thompson,
Albert Ghiorso
Albert Ghiorso
Stanley G. Thompson, Glenn T. Seaborg,
Barnard G. Harvey, Gregory R. Choppin,
Albert Ghiorso, Torbjorn Sikkeland, Almon
E. Larsh, Robert M. Latimer
Russian Scientists in Dubna/Lawrence
Berkeley Laboratory
107
Bohrium
Bh
109
Meitnerium
Mt
111
Roentgenium
Rg
113
(Ununtrium)
Uut
115
(Ununpentium) Uup
117
(Ununseptium) Uus
1981
(synthesised)
1980
(synthesised)
1994
(synthesised)
Centre for Heavy-Ion Research , Germany
Peter Armbruster, Gottfried Munzenber
multinational team of scientists at the
Heavy Ion Research Centre, Darmstadt,
Derivation of Name/Symbol
From the Greek hydro for 'water' and genes for 'forming' as it burned in
air to form water.
From the Latin lithos for 'stone' because lithium was thought to exist only
in minerals as it was first found in the mineral petalite.
From the Arabic buraq for 'white'. It was first isolated in an impure state
by Louis-Joseph Gay-Lussac and Louis-Jacques Thenard, but it was
Humphry
Davy nitrium
who firstand
prepared
pure boron
usingsoda'
electrolysis.
From
the Latin
Greek nitron
for 'native
and genes for
'forming' because it is found in potassium nitrate, saltpeter or nitre or
native soda.
From the Latin fluere for 'flow or flux' as the mineral fluorspar was used
as a flux in metallurgy because of its low melting point
From the English soda and Latin sodanum for 'headache remedy'. The
chemical symbol derives from the Latin natrium for soda.
From the Latin alum and alumen for 'stringent' since the early Romans
called any substance with a stringent taste alum.
From the Greek phosphorus for 'bringing light' as white phosphorus
oxidises spontaneously in air and glows in the dark
From the Greek chloros for 'pale green', the colour of the element.
Atomic mass
1,00794 g/mol
-259,1 °C
6,941 g/mol
180,5 °C
10,811 g/mol
2300 °C
14,00674 g/mol
-209,9 °C
18,9984032 g/mol
-219,6 °C
22,989768 g/mol
97,8 °C
26,981539 g/mol
660,5 °C
30,973762 g/mol
44 (P4) °C
35,4527 g/mol
-34,6 °C
From the English potash as it was found in caustic potash (KOH). The
39,0983 g/mol
chemical symbol derives from the Latin kalium via the Arabic qali for alkali
From the Latin scandia for Scandanavia where the mineral was found
From the Scandanavian Freyja Vanadis, goddess of love and beauty,
because of its many beautiful coloured compounds
From the Latin magnes for 'magnet' since the mineral pyrolusite (MnO2)
has magnetic properties
From the German kobold for 'evil spirits' who were thought to cause
miners problems since the mineral contained arsenic which was
detrimental to their health.
From the Latin cuprum for 'Cyprus' where the Romans first obtained
copper
From the Latin gallia for France, or possibly from the Latin gallus for 'le
coq or cock' after its Fench discoverer. Predicted by Mendeleev who
calledthe
it eka-aluminium.
From
Latin arsenicum and the Greek arsenikos for the yellow arsenic
ore, sounds similar to the Greek arsenikon for 'male or potent' possibly
referring to its toxicity.
From the Greek bromos for 'stench'
63,7 °C
44,95591 g/mol
1539 °C
50,9415 g/mol
1890 °C
54,93805 g/mol
1244 °C
58,9332 g/mol
1495 °C
63,546 g/mol
1083,5 °C
69,723 g/mol
29,8 °C
74,92159 g/mol
613 °C
79,904 g/mol
-7,3 °C
From the Latin rubidus for deepest red because of the two deep red lines
85,4678 g/mol
in its spectrum
From the Swedish village of Ytterby where the mineral gadolinite
88,90585 g/mol
(ytterbite) was found
From the Greek Niobe, daughter of Tantalus, since the elements niobium
92,90638 g/mol
and tantalum were originally thought to be identical elements
From the Greek technetos for 'artificial'.
Melting
point °C
98,9063 g/mol
From the Greek rhodon for rose because of the rose coloured solutions of
102,9055 g/mol
its salts
From the Anglo-Saxon seofor and siolfur. The chemical symbol derives
107,8682 g/mol
from the Latin argentum and Sanskrit argunas for 'bright'
39 °C
1523 °C
2468 °C
2172 °C
1966 °C
961,9 °C
114,82 g/mol
156,2 °C
From the Greek anti and monos for 'not alone' because it was found in
121,75 g/mol
many compounds. The symbol Sb comes from the original name, stibium.
630,7 °C
From indigo for the indigo-blue line in the element's spectrum
From the Greek ioeides for 'violet coloured' because of its violet vapours
From the Latin caesius for 'sky blue colour' which was the colour of the
caesium line in the spectroscope.
From the Greek lanthanein 'to escape notice' because it hid in cerium ore
and was difficult to separate out
From the Greek prasios for 'green' and didymos for 'twin' because of the
pale green salts it forms. Carl F. Auer von Welsbach separated
praseodymium
andwho
neodymium
didymium
From
Prometheus
stole fire from
from aheaven
and sample.
gave it to the human
race, since it was found by harnessing nuclear energy which is also a
threat
From the continent Europe. Demarcay isolated europium in 1901
126,90447 g/mol
113,5 °C
132,90543 g/mol
28,4 °C
138,9055 g/mol
920 °C
140,90765 g/mol
931 °C
146,9151 g/mol
1080 °C
151,965 g/mol
822 °C
From the village of Ytterby in Sweden where the mineral ytterbite was
158,92534 g/mol
first found
From the Latin holmia for Stockholm, or possibly after Holmberg who first
164,93032 g/mol
isolated it.
1360 °C
1470 °C
From Thule, the earliest name for Scandanavia
168,93421 g/mol
1545 °C
From the Latin lutetia the Latin name for the city of Paris
174,967 g/mol
1656 °C
From the Greek tantalos, the mythological character who was banished to
180,9479 g/mol
Hades unable to eat or drink, because the element was insoluble in acids.
From the Latin rhenus for the Rhine Ralley in Germany
186,207 g/mol
From the Latin Iris, the Greek goddess of rainbows because of the variety
192,22 g/mol
of colours in the element's salt solutions
From the Sanskrit jval 'to shine'. The symbol Au derives from the Latin
196,96654 g/mol
aurum for Aurora the Roman goddess of the dawn.
From the Greek thallos for 'green shoot' because of the bright green lines
204,3833 g/mol
in its spectrum
2996 °C
3180 °C
2410 °C
1064,4 °C
303,6 °C
From the German weisse masse for 'white mass', the colour of its oxides
208,98037 g/mol
271,4 °C
From the Greek astatos for 'unstable' as it is an unstable element.
209,9871 g/mol
302 °C
From France the country in which it was first discovered
223,0197 g/mol
27 °C
227,0278 g/mol
1047 °C
231,0359 g/mol
1554 °C
237,0482 g/mol
640 °C
243,0614 g/mol
994 °C
247,0703 g/mol
986 °C
252,0829 g/mol
860 °C
258,0986 g/mol
0
260,1053 g/mol
0
262,1138 g/mol
0
From the Greek aktis or akinis for 'beam or ray' because it is a good
source of alpha radiation
From the Greek protos for 'first' and actinium, since it was found to be
the parent of actinium
From Neptune, the Roman god of the sea, since it is the next outermost
planet beyond Uranus in the Solar System and this element is the next
one beyond Uranium in the Periodic Table
From the analogy to europium the sixth element in the lanthanide series
since americium is the sixth element in the actinide series.
From Berkeley, California, where it was first synthesised
From 'Albert Einstein'. Eisteinium-252 first found in the debris of
thermonuclear weapons
From Dimitri Mendeleev who developed the Periodic Table of the
Elements. Original chemical symbol was My but was changed in 1955.
From Ernest O. Lawrence who developed the cyclotron. The original
symbol was Lw but was changed
From the location of the Russian research centre in Dubna
From Neils Bohr who developed a theory of the electronic structure of the
262,1229 g/mol
atom
0
From Lise Meitner who discovered protactinium
266 g/mol
0
From Roentgen, discoverer of X-rays
272 g/mol
0
0
0
Boiling
point °C
Group
Period
Block
State at STP
-252,9 °C
1
1
s
Gas
1317 °C
1
2
s
Solid
2550 °C
13
2
p
Solid
-195,8 °C
15
2
p
Gas
-188,1 °C
17
2
p
Gas
892 °C
1
3
s
Solid
2467 °C
13
3
p
Solid
280 (P4) °C 15
3
p
Solid
-101 °C
17
3
p
Gas
774 °C
1
4
s
Solid
2832 °C
3
4
d
Solid
3380 °C
5
4
d
Solid
2097 °C
7
4
d
Solid
2870 °C
9
4
d
Solid
2595 °C
11
4
d
Solid
2403 °C
13
4
p
Solid
613 (Subl.) °C
15
4
p
Solid
58,8 °C
17
4
p
Liquid
688 °C
1
5
s
Solid
3337 °C
3
5
d
Solid
4927 °C
5
5
d
Solid
5030 °C
7
5
d
Solid
3727 °C
9
5
d
Solid
2212 °C
11
5
d
Solid
2080 °C
13
5
p
Solid
1750 °C
15
5
p
Solid
184,4 °C
17
5
p
Solid
690 °C
1
6
s
Solid
3454 °C
3
6
f
Solid
3212 °C
3
6
f
Solid
2730 °C
3
6
f
Solid
1597 °C
3
6
f
Solid
3041 °C
3
6
f
Solid
2720 °C
3
6
f
Solid
1727 °C
3
6
f
Solid
3315 °C
3
6
d
Solid
5425 °C
5
6
d
Solid
5627 °C
7
6
d
Solid
4130 °C
9
6
d
Solid
2940 °C
11
6
d
Solid
1457 °C
13
6
p
Solid
1560 °C
15
6
p
Solid
337 °C
17
6
p
Solid
677 °C
1
7
s
Solid
3197 °C
3
7
f
Solid
4030 °C
3
7
f
Solid
3902 °C
3
7
f
Solid
2607 °C
3
7
f
Solid
0
3
7
f
Solid
0
3
7
f
Solid
0
3
7
f
Solid
0
3
7
d
Solid (presumed)
0
5
7
d
0
0
7
7
d
0
0
9
7
d
0
0
11
7
d
0
13
7
p
0
15
7
p
0
15
7
p
0
0
Atomic
Number (z)
Name
Year
Discovered
Symbol
2
Helium
He
1868
4
Beryllium
Be
1798
6
Carbon
C
-
8
Oxygen
O
1774
10
Neon
Ne
1898
12
Magnesium
Mg
1808
(separation
from mineral)
14
Silicon
Si
1924
16
Sulphur
S
-
18
Argon
Ar
1894
20
Calcium
Ca
22
Titanium
Ti
1808
(isolated)
1791
24
Chromium
Cr
1797
26
Iron
Fe
-
28
Nickel
Ni
1751
30
Zinc
Zn
-
32
Germanium
Ge
1886
34
Selenium
Se
1817
36
Krypton
Kr
1898
38
Strontium
Sr
1792
40
Zirconium
Zr
1789
42
Molybdenum
Mo
1778
44
Ruthenium
Ru
1844
(isolated)
46
Palladium
Pd
1803
48
Cadmium
Cd
1817
50
Tin
Sn
-
52
54
Tellurium
Xenon
Te
Xe
56
Barium
Ba
1782
1898
1808
(isolated)
58
Cerium
Ce
1803
60
Neodymium
Nd
1885 (isolated
from mineral)
62
Samarium
Sm
1878
64
Gadolinium
Gd
1880
66
Dysprosium
Dy
1886
68
Erbium
Er
1843
70
Ytterbium
Yb
1878
72
Hafnium
Hf
1923
74
Tungsten
W
1783
(isolated)
76
Osmium
Os
1803
78
Platinum
Pt
1735
80
Mercury
Hg
-
82
Lead
Pb
-
84
Polonium
Po
1898
86
Radon
Rn
1900
88
Radium
Ra
1898
90
Thorium
Th
1828
92
Uranium
U
1789
94
Plutonium
Pu
1941
(synthesised)
96
Curium
Cm
1944
(synthesised)
98
Californium
Cf
1950
(synthesised)
100
Fermium
Fm
1952
(synthesised)
102
Nobelium
No
1958
(synthesised)
104
Rutherfordium RE
1964/1969
(synthesised)
106
Seaborgium
Sg
1974
(synthesised)
108
Hassium
Hs
1984
(synthesised)
110
Darmstadtium
Ds
1994
(synthesised)
112
Copernicium
Cn
1996
(synthesised)
114
Flerovium
Fl
1998
(synthesised)
116
Livermorium
Lv
118
(Ununoctium)
Uuo
2000
(synthesised)
Discoverer
Pierre-Jules-Cesar Janssen
Nicholas-Louis Vauquelin
known since ancient times
Joseph Priestly
Sir William Ramsay, Morris M. Travers
Sir Humphry Davy
Jons Jacob Berzelius
known since ancient times
Sir William Ramsay, Lord Raleigh
Sir Humphry Davy
The Reverend William Gregor
Louis-Nicholas Vauquelin
known since ancient times
Axel Fredrik Cronstedt
known since ancient times
Clemens Winkler
Jons Jacob Berzelius
Sir William Ramsay, Morris M. Travers
Thomas Charles Hope
Martin Heinrich Klaproth
Carl Welhelm Scheele
Karl Karlovich Klaus
William Hyde Wollaston
Friedrich Strohmeyer
known since ancient times
Franz Joseph Muller von Reichenstein
Sir William Ramsay, Morris M. Travers
Sir Humphry Davy
Jons Jacob Berzelius, Wilhelm von
Hisinger, Martin Heinrich Klaproth
Carl F. Auer von Welsbach
Marc Delafontaine
Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac
Paul-Emile Lecoq de Boisbaudran
Carl Gustaf Mosander
Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac
Dirk Coster, Charles de Hevesy
Don Juan Jose and Don Fausto d'Elhuyar
Smithson Tennant
Antonio de Ulloa
known since ancient times
known since ancient times
Pierre and Marie Curie
Friedrich Ernst Dorn
Marie Sklodowska Curie, Pierre Curie
Jons Jacob Berzelius
Martin Heinrich Klaproth
Glenn T. Seaborg, Joseph W. Kennedy,
Edward M. McMillan, Arthur C. Wohl
Glenn T. Seaborg, Ralph A. James, Albert
Ghiorso
Stanley G. Thompson, Glenn T. Seaborg,
Kenneth Street, Jr., Albert Ghiorso
Albert Ghiorso
Albert Ghiorso, Glenn T. Seaborg,
Torbjorn Sikkeland, John R. Walton
Russian Scientists at Dubna/Albert
Ghiorso
Albert Ghiorso
Peter Armbruster, Gottfried Munzenber
Peter Armbruster, Gottfried Munzenber
multinational team of scientists at the
Heavy Ion Research Centre, Darmstadt,
Germany
multinational team of scientists at the
Joint Institute for Nuclear Research,
Dubna, Russia
multinational team of scientists at the
Joint Institute for Nuclear Research,
Dubna, Russia
Derivation of Name/Symbol
From the Greek helios for 'sun'. It was discovered by spectroscopy during
a solar eclipse in the sun's chromosphere.
From the Greek berryllos for 'beryl' the gemstone in which it was first
found.
From the Latin carbo for 'charcoal'. In 1797, Smithson Tennant showed
that diamond is pure carbon.
>From the Greek oxys for 'acid' and genes for 'forming' since AntoineLaurent Lavoisier originally thought that oxygen was an acid producer
because when he burnt phosphorus and sulfur and dissolved them in
water they produced acids.
From the Greek neos for 'new'
Atomic mass
Melting
point °C
4,002602 g/mol
-272,2 °C
9,012182 g/mol
1278 °C
12,011 g/mol
3550 °C
15,9994 g/mol
-218,4 °C
20,1797 g/mol
-248,7 °C
From Magnesia a district in Thessalia in northeastern Greece
24,305 g/mol
648,8 °C
From the Latin silex and silicis for 'flint'. Originally it was thought to be a
metal and called silicium, when this was shown to be wrong the name
was changed to silicon.
28,0855 g/mol
1410 °C
From Latin sulfurium and the Sanskrit sulveri. Sulfur was known as
brenne stone, combustible stone, from which brim-stone is derived
32,066 g/mol
113 °C
From the Greek argos for 'lazy' because it does not combine with other
elements.
39,948 g/mol
-189,4 °C
From the Latin calx for 'lime or limestone' in which it is found.
40,078 g/mol
839 °C
From the Latin titans, mythological first sons of the earth
From the Greek chroma for 'colour' as there are many coloured
compounds of chromium
From the Anglo Saxon iron. The symbol is derived form the Latin ferrum
for 'firmness'
47,88 g/mol
1660 °C
51,9961 g/mol
1857 °C
55,847 g/mol
1535 °C
From the German nickel for 'deceptive spirit' as miners called the mineral
niccolite kupfernickel (false copper) as it resembled copper ores in
58,69 g/mol
appearance but no copper was found in the ore.
From the German zink
From the Latin germania for Germany after its German discoverer.
Predicted by Mendeleev who called it eka-silicon.
From the Greek Selene, goddess of the moon, because the element is
found with tellurium (named after Tellus, Roman goddess of the earth)
From the Greek kryptos for 'hidden'
From Strontian a town in Scotland where the mineral strontianite is
found
From the Arabic zargun for 'gold-like'
1453 °C
65,39 g/mol
419,6 °C
72,61 g/mol
937,4 °C
78,96 g/mol
217 °C
83,8 g/mol
-156,6 °C
87,62 g/mol
769 °C
91,224 g/mol
1852 °C
From the Greek molybdos for 'lead' as the ancient Greeks used this term
95,94 g/mol
for any black mineral which left a mark
2617 °C
From the latin ruthenia, the old name for Russia
101,07 g/mol
2310 °C
From the second largets asteroid of the Solar System, Pallus, named after
the goddess of wisdom and arts, Pallas Athene, as the element was
106,42 g/mol
discovered 1 year after the discovery of the asteroid.
1552 °C
From the Greek kadmeia for 'calamine, zinc carbonate' as it was found as
an impurity with zinc carbonate in nature
From the Anglo-Saxon tin. The chemical symbol is derived from the Latn
stannum for alloys containing lead
From the Latin Tellus, Roman goddess of the earth
From the Greek xenon for 'stranger'
From the Greek barys for 'heavy' as it was found in the mineral heavy
spar.
From the planetoid Ceres which was named after the Roman goddess of
agriculture.
112,411 g/mol
321 °C
118,71 g/mol
232 °C
127,6 g/mol
131,29 g/mol
449,6 °C
-111,9 °C
137,327 g/mol
725 °C
140,115 g/mol
798 °C
From the Greek neos for 'new' and 'didymos' for twin after Carl Auer von
Welsbach separated didymium into new elements, one of which he
144,24 g/mol
called neodymium
From the mineral Samarskite in which it is found and which was named
after Colonel von Samarski, a Russian mine official
From the mineral gadolinite in which it is found and which was named
after Johan Gadolin
From the Greek dysprositos for 'hard to get at' because it is difficult to
separate dysprosium from the holmium mineral in which it is found
From the Swedish town of Ytterby where the ore gadolinite was first
mined.
From the Swedish village of Ytterby where the mineral ytterbite was
found
From the Latin hafnia for Copenhagen where it was first discovered.
From the Swedish tung sten for 'heavy stone'. The chemical symbol is
derived from the German wolfram which was found with tin and
interferred with the smelting of tin, it was said to eat up tin like a wolf
eats up sheep
From the Greek some for 'smell' because of the sharp odour of the
volatile oxide
From the Spanish platina for 'silver'
From the Roman god Mercury, the messenger of the gods. The symbol
derives from the Greek hydragyrium for 'liquid silver' or quick silver
1010 °C
150,36 g/mol
1072 °C
157,25 g/mol
1311 °C
162,5 g/mol
1409 °C
167,26 g/mol
1522 °C
173,04 g/mol
824 °C
178,49 g/mol
2150 °C
183,85 g/mol
3407 °C
190,2 g/mol
3045 °C
195,08 g/mol
1772 °C
200,59 g/mol
-38,9 °C
From Anglo Saxon lead. The symbol is derived from the Latin plumbum
for 'lead'
From Poland, the native country of Marie Sklodowska Curie
207,2 g/mol
327,5 °C
208,9824 g/mol
254 °C
222,0176 g/mol
-71 °C
From the Latin radius for 'beam or ray' because of its ray-emitting power 226,0254 g/mol
700 °C
From Thor, Scandanavian god of thunder
232,0381 g/mol
From the planet Uranus named after the Roman 'Father Heaven', Uranus
238,0289 g/mol
was discovered in 1781.
1750 °C
Originally called radium emanation, Em, because it was a decay product
of radium. The name radon reflects its origin from radium
1132,4 °C
From the planet Pluto, the Roman god of the underworld, as Pluto is the
next planet in the Solar System beyond Neptune and the element
244,0642 g/mol
plutonium is the next element beyond neptunium
641 °C
From 'Pierre and Marie Curie' who discovered radium and polonium
247,0703 g/mol
1340 °C
From the state and university of California where the element was first
synthesised.
251,0796 g/mol
900 °C
From Enrico Fermi, the physicist who built the first nuclear reactor. First
found in the debris of a thermonuclear weapon explosion
257,0951 g/mol
0
From Alfred Nobel the discoverer of dynamite and founder of the Nobel
259,1009 g/mol
Prize
0
From Ernest Rutherford who developed a theory of radioactive
transformations
261,1087 g/mol
0
From Glenn Theodore Seaborg who led the team that first synthesised a
263,1182 g/mol
number of transuranic elements
0
From the Latin hassia for the German state of Hesse whose former
capital was Darmstadt where the element was first synthesised
265 g/mol
0
From Darmstadt the region where the research centre is located
269 g/mol
0
name proposed in 2009, the International Year of Astronomy, after
Nicolaus Copernicus who postulated that the Earth orbits the Sun
277 g/mol
0
0
0
0
0
0
Boiling
point °C
Group
Period
Block
State at
STP
-268,9 °C 18
1
s
Gas
2970 °C
2
2
s
Solid
4827 °C
14
2
p
Solid
-182,9 °C 16
2
p
Gas
-246,1 °C 18
2
p
Gas
1107 °C
2
3
s
Solid
2355 °C
14
3
p
Solid
444,7 °C
16
3
p
Solid
-185,9 °C 18
3
p
Gas
1487 °C
2
4
s
Solid
3260 °C
4
4
d
Solid
2482 °C
6
4
d
Solid
2750 °C
8
4
d
Solid
2732 °C
10
4
d
Solid
907 °C
12
4
d
Solid
2830 °C
14
4
p
Solid
685 °C
16
4
p
Solid
-152,3 °C 18
4
p
Gas
1384 °C
2
5
s
Solid
4377 °C
4
5
d
Solid
5560 °C
6
5
d
Solid
3900 °C
8
5
d
Solid
3140 °C
10
5
d
Solid
765 °C
12
5
d
Solid
2270 °C
14
5
p
Solid
990 °C
-107 °C
16
18
5
5
p
p
Solid
Gas
1640 °C
2
6
s
Solid
3257 °C
3
6
f
Solid
3127 °C
3
6
f
Solid
1778 °C
3
6
f
Solid
3233 °C
3
6
f
Solid
2335 °C
3
6
f
Solid
2510 °C
3
6
f
Solid
1193 °C
3
6
f
Solid
5400 °C
4
6
d
Solid
5927 °C
6
6
d
Solid
5027 °C
8
6
d
Solid
3827 °C
10
6
d
Solid
356,6 °C
12
6
d
Liquid
1740 °C
14
6
p
Solid
962 °C
16
6
p
Solid
-61,8 °C
18
6
p
Gas
1140 °C
2
7
s
Solid
4787 °C
3
7
f
Solid
3818 °C
3
7
f
Solid
3327 °C
3
7
f
Solid
0
3
7
f
Solid
0
3
7
f
Solid
0
3
7
f
Solid
0
3
7
f
Solid
0
4
7
d
Solid (presumed)
0
6
7
d
0
0
8
7
d
0
0
10
7
d
0
0
12
7
d
0
0
13
7
p
0
0
14
7
p
0
0
16
7
p
0
Atomic
No
Name
Symbol
Group
Period
Block
State at STP
1
Hydrogen
H
1
1
s
Gas
2
Helium
He
18
1
s
Gas
3
Lithium
Li
1
2
s
Solid
4
Beryllium
Be
2
2
s
Solid
5
Boron
B
13
2
p
Solid
6
Carbon
C
14
2
p
Solid
7
Nitrogen
N
15
2
p
Gas
8
Oxygen
O
16
2
p
Gas
9
Fluorine
F
17
2
p
Gas
10
Neon
Ne
18
2
p
Gas
11
Sodium
Na
1
3
s
Solid
12
Magnesium
Mg
2
3
s
Solid
13
Aluminium
Al
13
3
p
Solid
14
Silicon
Si
14
3
p
Solid
15
Phosphorus
P
15
3
p
Solid
16
Sulfur
S
16
3
p
Solid
17
Chlorine
Cl
17
3
p
Gas
18
Argon
Ar
18
3
p
Gas
19
Potassium
K
1
4
s
Solid
20
Calcium
Ca
2
4
s
Solid
21
Scandium
Sc
3
4
d
Solid
22
Titanium
Ti
4
4
d
Solid
23
Vanadium
V
5
4
d
Solid
24
Chromium
Cr
6
4
d
Solid
25
Manganese
Mn
7
4
d
Solid
26
Iron
Fe
8
4
d
Solid
27
Cobalt
Co
9
4
d
Solid
28
Nickel
Ni
10
4
d
Solid
29
Copper
Cu
11
4
d
Solid
30
Zinc
Zn
12
4
d
Solid
31
Gallium
Ga
13
4
p
Solid
32
Germanium
Ge
14
4
p
Solid
33
Arsenic
As
15
4
p
Solid
34
Selenium
Se
16
4
p
Solid
35
Bromine
Br
17
4
p
Liquid
36
Krypton
Kr
18
4
p
Gas
37
Rubidium
Rb
1
5
s
Solid
38
Strontium
Sr
2
5
s
Solid
39
Yttrium
Y
3
5
d
Solid
40
Zirconium
Zr
4
5
d
Solid
41
Niobium
Nb
5
5
d
Solid
42
Molybdenum
Mo
6
5
d
Solid
43
Technetium
Tc
7
5
d
Solid
44
Ruthenium
Ru
8
5
d
Solid
45
Rhodium
Rh
9
5
d
Solid
46
Palladium
Pd
10
5
d
Solid
47
Silver
Ag
11
5
d
Solid
48
Cadmium
Cd
12
5
d
Solid
49
Indium
In
13
5
p
Solid
50
Tin
Sn
14
5
p
Solid
51
Antimony
Sb
15
5
p
Solid
52
Tellurium
Te
16
5
p
Solid
53
Iodine
I
17
5
p
Solid
54
Xenon
Xe
18
5
p
Gas
55
Caesium
Cs
1
6
s
Solid
56
Barium
Ba
2
6
s
Solid
57
Lanthanum
La
3
6
f
Solid
58
Cerium
Ce
3
6
f
Solid
59
Praseodymium
Pr
3
6
f
Solid
60
Neodymium
Nd
3
6
f
Solid
61
Promethium
Pm
3
6
f
Solid
62
Samarium
Sm
3
6
f
Solid
63
Europium
Eu
3
6
f
Solid
64
Gadolinium
Gd
3
6
f
Solid
65
Terbium
Tb
3
6
f
Solid
66
Dysprosium
Dy
3
6
f
Solid
67
Holmium
Ho
3
6
f
Solid
68
Erbium
Er
3
6
f
Solid
69
Thulium
Tm
3
6
f
Solid
70
Ytterbium
Yb
3
6
f
Solid
71
Lutetium
Lu
3
6
d
Solid
72
Hafnium
Hf
4
6
d
Solid
73
Tantalum
Ta
5
6
d
Solid
74
Tungsten
W
6
6
d
Solid
75
Rhenium
Re
7
6
d
Solid
76
Osmium
Os
8
6
d
Solid
77
Iridium
Ir
9
6
d
Solid
78
Platinum
Pt
10
6
d
Solid
79
Gold
Au
11
6
d
Solid
80
Mercury
Hg
12
6
d
Liquid
81
Thallium
Tl
13
6
p
Solid
82
Lead
Pb
14
6
p
Solid
83
Bismuth
Bi
15
6
p
Solid
84
Polonium
Po
16
6
p
Solid
85
Astatine
At
17
6
p
Solid
86
Radon
Rn
18
6
p
Gas
87
Francium
Fr
1
7
s
Solid
88
Radium
Ra
2
7
s
Solid
89
Actinium
Ac
3
7
f
Solid
90
Thorium
Th
3
7
f
Solid
91
Protactinium
Pa
3
7
f
Solid
92
Uranium
U
3
7
f
Solid
93
Neptunium
Np
3
7
f
Solid
94
Plutonium
Pu
3
7
f
Solid
95
Americium
Am
3
7
f
Solid
96
Curium
Cm
3
7
f
Solid
97
Berkelium
Bk
3
7
f
Solid
98
Californium
Cf
3
7
f
Solid
99
Einsteinium
Es
3
7
f
Solid
100
Fermium
Fm
3
7
f
Solid
101
Mendelevium
Md
3
7
f
Solid
102
Nobelium
No
3
7
f
Solid
Lr
3
7d
Solid
(presumed)
Solid
104 Rutherfordium Rf
4
7d
(presumed)
103 Lawrencium
105
Dubnium
Db
5
7
d
106
Seaborgium
Sg
6
7
d
107
Bohrium
Bh
7
7
d
108
Hassium
Hs
8
7
d
109
Meitnerium
Mt
9
7
d
110
Darmstadtium
Ds
10
7
d
111
Roentgenium
Rg
11
7
d
112
Copernicium
Cn
12
7
d
113
(Ununtrium)
Uut
13
7
p
114
Flerovium
Fl
14
7
p
115
(Ununpentium)
Uup
15
7
p
116
Livermorium
Lv
16
7
p
117
(Ununseptium)
Uus
17
7
p
118
(Ununoctium)
Uuo
18
7
p
Occurrence
Description
Primordial
Non-metal
Primordial
Noble gas
Primordial
Primordial
Alkali metal
Alkaline
earth
metal
Primordial
Metalloid
Primordial
Non-metal
Primordial
Non-metal
Primordial
Non-metal
Primordial
Halogen
Primordial
Noble gas
Primordial
Primordial
Alkali metal
Alkaline
earth
metal
Primordial
Metal
Primordial
Metalloid
Primordial
Non-metal
Primordial
Non-metal
Primordial
Halogen
Primordial
Noble gas
Primordial
Alkali metal
Alkaline
earth
metal
Transition
Primordial
Primordial
Primordial
Primordial
Primordial
Primordial
Primordial
Primordial
Primordial
Primordial
metal
Transition
metal
Transition
metal
Transition
metal
Transition
metal
Transition
metal
Transition
metal
Transition
metal
Transition
Primordial
metal
Transition
metal
Primordial
Metal
Primordial
Metalloid
Primordial
Metalloid
Primordial
Non-metal
Primordial
Halogen
Primordial
Noble gas
Primordial
Alkali metal
Alkaline
earth
metal
Transition
Primordial
Primordial
Primordial
Primordial
Primordial
Transient
Primordial
Primordial
Primordial
Primordial
metal
Transition
metal
Transition
metal
Transition
metal
Transition
metal
Transition
metal
Transition
metal
Transition
metal
Transition
Primordial
metal
Transition
metal
Primordial
Metal
Primordial
Metal
Primordial
Metalloid
Primordial
Metalloid
Primordial
Halogen
Primordial
Noble gas
Primordial
Primordial
Alkali metal
Alkaline
earth
metal
Primordial
Lanthanide
Primordial
Lanthanide
Primordial
Lanthanide
Primordial
Lanthanide
Transient
Lanthanide
Primordial
Lanthanide
Primordial
Lanthanide
Primordial
Lanthanide
Primordial
Lanthanide
Primordial
Lanthanide
Primordial
Lanthanide
Primordial
Lanthanide
Primordial
Lanthanide
Primordial
Lanthanide
Primordial
Lanthanide
Transition
metal
Transition
Primordial
Primordial
Primordial
Primordial
Primordial
Primordial
Primordial
Primordial
metal
Transition
metal
Transition
metal
Transition
metal
Transition
metal
Transition
metal
Transition
Primordial
metal
Transition
metal
Primordial
Metal
Primordial
Metal
Primordial
Metal
Transient
Metal
Transient
Halogen
Transient
Noble gas
Transient
Transient
Alkali metal
Alkaline
earth
metal
Transient
Actinide
Primordial
Actinide
Transient
Actinide
Primordial
Actinide
Transient
Actinide
Primordial
Actinide
Transient
Actinide
Transient
Actinide
Transient
Actinide
Transient
Actinide
Synthetic
Actinide
Synthetic
Actinide
Synthetic
Actinide
Synthetic
Actinide
Synthetic
Synthetic
Synthetic
Synthetic
Synthetic
Synthetic
Actinide
Transition
metal
Transition
metal
Transition
metal
Transition
metal
Transition
metal
Synthetic
Synthetic
Synthetic
Synthetic
Synthetic
Synthetic
Synthetic
Synthetic
Synthetic
Synthetic
Transition
metal
Chemical
symbol
Name
Origin of
symbol
No.
Atomic mass
Density at
20°C
H
Hydrogen
1 1,00794 g/mol
0,084 g/l
He
Helium
2 4,002602 g/mol
0,17 g/l
Li
Lithium
3 6,941 g/mol
0,53 g/cm3
Be
Beryllium
4 9,012182 g/mol
1,85 g/cm3
B
Boron
5 10,811 g/mol
2,46 g/cm3
C
Carbon
6 12,011 g/mol
3,51 g/cm3
N
Nitrogen
7 14,00674 g/mol
1,17 g/l
O
Oxygen
8 15,9994 g/mol
1,33 g/l
F
Fluorine
9 18,9984032 g/mol 1,58 g/l
Ne
Neon
10 20,1797 g/mol
0,84 g/l
Na
Sodium
11 22,989768 g/mol
0,97 g/cm3
Mg
Magnesium
12 24,305 g/mol
1,74 g/cm3
Al
Aluminium
13 26,981539 g/mol
2,70 g/cm3
Si
Silicon
14 28,0855 g/mol
2,33 g/cm3
P
Phosphorus
15 30,973762 g/mol
1,82 g/cm3
S
Sulphur
16 32,066 g/mol
2,06 g/cm3
Cl
Chlorine
17 35,4527 g/mol
2,95 g/l
Ar
Argon
18 39,948 g/mol
1,66 g/l
K
Potassium
19 39,0983 g/mol
0,86 g/cm3
Ca
Calcium
20 40,078 g/mol
1,54 g/cm3
Sc
Scandium
21 44,95591 g/mol
2,99 g/cm3
Ti
Titanium
22 47,88 g/mol
4,51 g/cm3
V
Vanadium
23 50,9415 g/mol
6,09 g/cm3
Cr
Chromium
24 51,9961 g/mol
7,14 g/cm3
Mn
Manganese
25 54,93805 g/mol
7,44 g/cm3
Fe
Iron
26 55,847 g/mol
7,87 g/cm3
Latin Natrium
German Kalium
Latin Ferrum
Co
Cobalt
27 58,9332 g/mol
8,89 g/cm3
Ni
Nickel
28 58,69 g/mol
8,91 g/cm3
Cu
Copper
29 63,546 g/mol
8,92 g/cm3
Zn
Zinc
30 65,39 g/mol
7,14 g/cm3
Ga
Gallium
31 69,723 g/mol
5,91 g/cm3
Ge
Germanium
32 72,61 g/mol
5,32 g/cm3
As
Arsenic
33 74,92159 g/mol
5,72 g/cm3
Se
Selenium
34 78,96 g/mol
4,82 g/cm3
Br
Bromine
35 79,904 g/mol
3,14 g/cm3
Kr
Krypton
36 83,8 g/mol
3,48 g/l
Rb
Rubidium
37 85,4678 g/mol
1,53 g/cm3
Sr
Strontium
38 87,62 g/mol
2,63 g/cm3
Y
Yttrium
39 88,90585 g/mol
4,47 g/cm3
Zr
Zirconium
40 91,224 g/mol
6,51 g/cm3
Nb
Niobium
41 92,90638 g/mol
8,58 g/cm3
Mo
Molybdenum
42 95,94 g/mol
10,28 g/cm3
Tc
Technetium
43 98,9063 g/mol
11,49 g/cm3
Ru
Ruthenium
44 101,07 g/mol
12,45 g/cm3
Rh
Rhodium
45 102,9055 g/mol
12,41 g/cm3
Pd
Palladium
46 106,42 g/mol
12,02 g/cm3
Ag
Silver
47 107,8682 g/mol
10,49 g/cm3
Cd
Cadmium
48 112,411 g/mol
8,64 g/cm3
In
Indium
49 114,82 g/mol
7,31 g/cm3
Sn
Tin
Latin Stannum
50 118,71 g/mol
7,29 g/cm3
Sb
Antimony
Latin Stibium
51 121,75 g/mol
6,69 g/cm3
Te
Tellurium
52 127,6 g/mol
6,25 g/cm3
I
Iodine
53 126,90447 g/mol
4,94 g/cm3
Xe
Xenon
54 131,29 g/mol
4,49 g/l
Latin Cuprum
Latin Argentum
Cs
Caesium
55 132,90543 g/mol
1,90 g/cm3
Ba
Barium
56 137,327 g/mol
3,65 g/cm3
La
Lanthanum
57 138,9055 g/mol
6,16 g/cm3
Ce
Cerium
58 140,115 g/mol
6,77 g/cm3
Pr
Praseodymium
59 140,90765 g/mol
6,48 g/cm3
Nd
Neodymium
60 144,24 g/mol
7,00 g/cm3
Pm
Promethium
61 146,9151 g/mol
7,22 g/cm3
Sm
Samarium
62 150,36 g/mol
7,54 g/cm3
Eu
Europium
63 151,965 g/mol
5,25 g/cm3
Gd
Gadolinium
64 157,25 g/mol
7,89 g/cm3
Tb
Terbium
65 158,92534 g/mol
8,25 g/cm3
Dy
Dysprosium
66 162,5 g/mol
8,56 g/cm3
Ho
Holmium
67 164,93032 g/mol
8,78 g/cm3
Er
Erbium
68 167,26 g/mol
9,05 g/cm3
Tm
Thulium
69 168,93421 g/mol
9,32 g/cm3
Yb
Ytterbium
70 173,04 g/mol
6,97 g/cm3
Lu
Lutetium
71 174,967 g/mol
9,84 g/cm3
Hf
Hafnium
72 178,49 g/mol
13,31 g/cm3
Ta
Tantalum
73 180,9479 g/mol
16,68 g/cm3
W
Tungsten
74 183,85 g/mol
19,26 g/cm3
Re
Rhenium
75 186,207 g/mol
21,03 g/cm3
Os
Osmium
76 190,2 g/mol
22,61 g/cm3
Ir
Iridium
77 192,22 g/mol
22,65 g/cm3
Pt
Platinum
78 195,08 g/mol
21,45 g/cm3
Au
Gold
79 196,96654 g/mol
19,32 g/cm3
Hg
Mercury
80 200,59 g/mol
13,55 g/cm3
Tl
Thallium
81 204,3833 g/mol
11,85 g/cm3
Pb
Lead
82 207,2 g/mol
11,34 g/cm3
German
Wolfram
Latin Aurum
Latin
Hydragyrum -
Latin Plumbum
Bi
Bismuth
83 208,98037 g/mol
9,80 g/cm3
Po
Polonium
84 208,9824 g/mol
9,20 g/cm3
At
Astatine
85 209,9871 g/mol
Rn
Radon
86 222,0176 g/mol
Fr
Francium
87 223,0197 g/mol
Ra
Radium
88 226,0254 g/mol
5,50 g/cm3
Ac
Actinium
89 227,0278 g/mol
10,07 g/cm3
Th
Thorium
90 232,0381 g/mol
11,72 g/cm3
Pa
Protactinium
91 231,0359 g/mol
15,37 g/cm3
U
Uranium
92 238,0289 g/mol
18,97 g/cm3
Np
Neptunium
93 237,0482 g/mol
20,48 g/cm3
Pu
Plutonium
94 244,0642 g/mol
19,74 g/cm3
Am
Americium
95 243,0614 g/mol
13,67 g/cm3
Cm
Curium
96 247,0703 g/mol
13,51 g/cm3
Bk
Berkelium
97 247,0703 g/mol
13,25 g/cm3
Cf
Californium
98 251,0796 g/mol
15,1 g/cm3
Es
Einsteinium
99 252,0829 g/mol
Fm
Fermium
100 257,0951 g/mol
Md
Mendelevium
101 258,0986 g/mol
No
Nobelium
102 259,1009 g/mol
Lr
Lawrencium
103 260,1053 g/mol
Rf
Rutherfordium
104 261,1087 g/mol
Db
Dubnium
105 262,1138 g/mol
Sg
Seaborgium
106 263,1182 g/mol
Bh
Bohrium
107 262,1229 g/mol
Hs
Hassium
108 265 g/mol
Mt
Meitnerium
109 266 g/mol
Ds
Darmstadtium
110 269 g/mol
9,23 g/l
Rg
Roentgenium
111 272 g/mol
Uub
Ununbium
112 277 g/mol
Uut
Ununtrium
113
Uuq
Ununquadium
114
Uup
Ununpentium
115
Uuh
Ununhexium
116
Uus
Ununseptium
117
Uuo
Ununoctium
118
Melting
point °C
Boiling
point °C
Year of
discovery
Discoverer
-259,1 °C -252,9 °C
1766
Cavendish
-272,2 °C -268,9 °C
1895
Ramsay and Cleve
180,5 °C
1317 °C
1817
Arfvedson
1278 °C
2970 °C
1797
Vauquelin
2300 °C
2550 °C
1808
Davy and Gay-Lussac
3550 °C
4827 °C
prehistoric unknown
-209,9 °C -195,8 °C
1772
Rutherford
-218,4 °C -182,9 °C
1774
Priestley and Scheele
-219,6 °C -188,1 °C
1886
Moissan
-248,7 °C -246,1 °C
1898
Ramsay and Travers
97,8 °C
892 °C
1807
Davy
648,8 °C
1107 °C
1755
Black
660,5 °C
2467 °C
1825
Oersted
2355 °C
280 (P4)
44 (P4) °C °C
1824
Berzelius
1669
Brandt
1410 °C
113 °C
444,7 °C
-34,6 °C
-101 °C
-189,4 °C -185,9 °C
prehistoric unknown
1774
Scheele
1894
Ramsay and Rayleigh
1807
63,7 °C
774 °C
Davy
839 °C
1487 °C
1808
Davy
1539 °C
2832 °C
1879
Nilson
1660 °C
3260 °C
1791
Gregor and Klaproth
1890 °C
3380 °C
1801
del Rio
1857 °C
2482 °C
1797
Vauquelin
1244 °C
2097 °C
1774
Gahn
1535 °C
2750 °C
prehistoric unknown
1495 °C
2870 °C
1735
Brandt
1453 °C
2732 °C
1751
Cronstedt
1083,5 °C 2595 °C
prehistoric unknown
419,6 °C
907 °C
prehistoric unknown
29,8 °C
2403 °C
1875
Lecoq de Boiskaudran
937,4 °C
1886
Winkler
613 °C
2830 °C
613 (Subl.)
°C
217 °C
685 °C
1817
Berzelius
-7,3 °C
58,8 °C
1826
Balard
-156,6 °C -152,3 °C
1898
Ramsay and Travers
39 °C
688 °C
1861
Bunsen and Kirchhoff
769 °C
1384 °C
1790
Crawford
1523 °C
3337 °C
1794
Gadolin
1852 °C
4377 °C
1789
Klaproth
2468 °C
4927 °C
1801
Hatchet
2617 °C
5560 °C
1778
Scheele
2172 °C
5030 °C
1937
Perrier and Segrè
2310 °C
3900 °C
1844
Claus
1966 °C
3727 °C
1803
Wollaston
1552 °C
3140 °C
1803
Wollaston
961,9 °C
2212 °C
321 °C
765 °C
1817
Stromeyer and Hermann
156,2 °C
2080 °C
1863
Reich and Richter
232 °C
2270 °C
prehistoric unknown
630,7 °C
1750 °C
prehistoric unknown
449,6 °C
990 °C
1782
von Reichenstein
113,5 °C
184,4 °C
1811
Courtois
1898
Ramsay and Travers
-111,9 °C -107 °C
ca. 1250
Albertus Magnus
prehistoric unknown
28,4 °C
690 °C
1860
Kirchhoff and Bunsen
725 °C
1640 °C
1808
Davy
920 °C
3454 °C
1839
Mosander
798 °C
3257 °C
1803
von Hisinger and Berzelius
931 °C
3212 °C
1895
von Welsbach
1010 °C
3127 °C
1895
von Welsbach
1080 °C
2730 °C
1945
Marinsky and Glendenin
1072 °C
1778 °C
1879
Lecoq de Boisbaudran
822 °C
1597 °C
1901
Demaçay
1311 °C
3233 °C
1880
de Marignac
1360 °C
3041 °C
1843
Mosander
1409 °C
2335 °C
1886
Lecoq de Boisbaudran
1470 °C
2720 °C
1878
Soret
1522 °C
2510 °C
1842
Mosander
1545 °C
1727 °C
1879
Cleve
824 °C
1193 °C
1878
de Marignac
1656 °C
3315 °C
1907
Urbain
2150 °C
5400 °C
1923
Coster and vón Hevesy
2996 °C
5425 °C
1802
Ekeberg
3407 °C
5927 °C
1783
Gebrüder de Elhuyar
3180 °C
5627 °C
1925
Noddack, Tacke and Berg
3045 °C
5027 °C
1803
Tenant
2410 °C
4130 °C
1803
Tenant and andere
1772 °C
3827 °C
1557
Scaliger
1064,4 °C 2940 °C
prehistoric unknown
-38,9 °C
356,6 °C
prehistoric unknown
303,6 °C
1457 °C
327,5 °C
1740 °C
1861
Crookes
prehistoric unknown
271,4 °C
1560 °C
1540
Agricola
254 °C
962 °C
1898
Marie and Pierre Curie
302 °C
337 °C
1940
Corson and MacKenzie
-71 °C
-61,8 °C
1900
Dorn
27 °C
677 °C
1939
Perey
700 °C
1140 °C
1898
Marie and Pierre Curie
1047 °C
3197 °C
1899
Debierne
1750 °C
4787 °C
1829
Berzelius
1554 °C
4030 °C
1917
Soddy, Cranston and Hahn
1132,4 °C 3818 °C
1789
Klaproth
640 °C
3902 °C
1940
McMillan and Abelson
641 °C
3327 °C
1940
Seaborg
994 °C
2607 °C
1944
Seaborg
1340 °C
1944
Seaborg
986 °C
1949
Seaborg
900 °C
1950
Seaborg
860 °C
1952
Seaborg
1952
Seaborg
1955
Seaborg
1958
Seaborg
1961
Ghiorso
1964/69
Flerow oder Ghiorso
1967/70
Flerow oder Ghiorso
1974
Oganessian
1976
Oganessian
1984
Society for Heavy Ion Research
1982
Society for Heavy Ion Research
1994
Society for Heavy Ion Research
1994
Society for Heavy Ion Research
1996
Society for Heavy Ion Research
Actinium Pure Element Picture
Actinium Radioactive Element…
Aluminium in its Pure Elemental …
Aluminum Pure Sample (Element Ph…
Aluminum Foil Sample (Element Ph…
Americium Pure Element (Element …
Americium (Element Photos)
Antimony from Mexico (Element Ph…
Argon in a Tube (Element Photos)
Argon Glow from Pure Argon…
Argon Pure Element Ice (Element …
Arsenic with Quartz and Calcite…
Astatine Pure Halogen (Element P…
Barium Pure Element (Element Photos)
Berkelium Synthetic Element…
Berkelium Element Image (Element…
Beryllium Photo for Pure…
Beryllium Fragment (Element Phot…
Beryllium Foil of Pure Element
Bismuth Element Photo (Element P…
Bismuth Picture (Element Photos)
Bismuth Example in Pure Form
Boron Sample of a Pure Element
Bromine Pure Liquid Room…
Bromine Liquid Pure Element…
Cadmium in its Pure Elemental Fo…
Cadmium Image of the Element
Calcium Element Metal (Element P…
Calcium Nuggets (Element Photos)
Californium - Pure Element Photo
Californium Pure Sample (Element…
Carbon - Diamonds (Element Photo…
Carbon - Diamond Crystal - Pure…
Carbon - Fullerene Crystals -…
Carbon - Graphite - Pure…
Cerium Element Image (Element Ph…
Cesium Crystals of Pure Metal…
Cesium Metal Element Photo…
Cesium as a Pure Liquid Element
Chlorine Gas Sample as a Pure…
Chlorine at Room Temperature
Chlorine Liquid in Pure Form…
Chlorine Liquid Pure Element…
Chromium Crystals and Cube…
Chromium Pure Element Photo
Cobalt Element Image (Element Ph…
Cobalt Pure Example (Element Pho…
Copper as a Free Element in Natu…
Copper Pure Reddish Element
Native Copper (Element Photos)
Copper Metal - Pure Element Exam…
Glowing Radioactive Curium…
Curium Element Image (Element Ph…
Deuterium Glow (Element Photos)
Dysprosium Element Photo…
Einsteinium as an Element
Einsteinium Pure Element Sample…
Erbium Element Specimen (Element…
Europium Element Image (Element …
Fluorine Simulant (Element Photo…
Francium Simulant (Element Photo…
Francium Element Photo (Element …
Gallium Pure Element Sample
Gallium in its Pure Element…
Germanium Element Photograph…
Germanium Pure Element Sample
Germanium Bowl - Pure Element Ex…
Gold as an Element
Gold Element Picture (Element Ph…
Gold Pure Element (Element Photo…
Gadolinium Pure Metal (Element P…
Hafnium Pure Element Photo
Hafnium Crystals of the Pure…
Helium Pure Element Photo
Helium in a Tube of the Pure Ele…
Holmium Example as a Pure Elemen…
Hydrogen Glow from Ultrapure…
Hydrogen Pure Element Photo
Indium Pure Element Photo
Indium as an Element
Iodine Vapor in Elemental Form
Iodine Crystal of the Pure…
Iridium Sample - Pure Element…
Iridium Pure Sample (Element Pho…
Iron Pure Chunk (Element Photos)
Iron Element Photos (Pure…
Krypton Pure Element Sample
Lanthanum Pure Sample (Element P…
Lead Pure Sample (Element Photog…
Lead in Elemental Form
Lithium Metal in Paraffin Oil…
Lithium Metal in its Pure State…
Lithium Pure Element Photo
Lithium - Pure Sample (Element P…
Lutetium in its Pure Element For…
Lutetium Pure Element Sample…
Magnesium from Vapor Deposition
Magnesium Pure Element Photo
Manganese Pure Element Sample
Mercury Pure Element
Molybdenum Element Specimen…
Molybdenum Crystal and Cube…
Neodymium Element Photo (Element…
Neodymium Specimen of an Element
Neon Pure Sample (Element Photog…
Neon Photo of Discharge Tube…
Neon Photo of Discharge Tube (Element Photos)
Neptunium Sphere of Pure Element
Nickel Pure Element Sample
Nickel Element Sample (Element P…
Niobium Crystals and Cube…
Niobium Crystals of Isolated Ele…
Niobium Pure Sample
Nitrogen Glow - Pure Elements …
Liquid Nitrogen Pure Element Sam…
Nitrogen Pure Element Image
Liquid Nitrogen in a Dewar…
Osmium Photo of Element (Element…
Osmium Photo of the Element…
Osmium Pure Sample (Element Phot…
Oxygen Pure Element Photo
Oxygen in a Gas Discharge Tube…
Palladium as an Element
Palladium Pure Sample (Element P…
Phosphorus Pure Element Photo
Phosphorus Allotropes in Pure…
Phosphorus Glow from a Pure Elem…
Platinum Crystals (Element Photo…
Platinum Pure Metal (Element Pho…
Plutonium Ring (Element Photogra…
Plutonium Buttons (Element Photo…
Plutonium Example Element…
Pyrophoric Plutonium (Element Ph…
Polonium Element Image (Element …
Polonium in a Sample of…
Potassium Metal Beads (Element P…
Potassium - Pure Element
Potassium Pure Element Photo
Potassium Metal Chunks (Element …
Potassium Metal Chunks (Element Photos)
Praseodymium Element Sample…
Promethium Element Photograph
Protactinium Element Sample…
Radium Element Photo (Element Ph…
Radium as an Element
Radon Gas in its Pure Form…
Rhenium Metal Element Picture
Rhodium Pure Sample (Element Pho…
Rhodium as an Element
Rubidium in Pure Liquid Element …
Rubidium Pure Element Sample
Yttrium Metal Crystal - Pure Ele…
Ruthenium Pure Metal Element Pho…
Ruthenium Crystals (Element Phot…
Samarium Pure Metal (Element Pho…
Scandium Pure Sample (Element Ph…
Selenium Pure Element Sample
Selenium Nonmetal Pure Element…
Silicon Element in Pure Form
Silicon Element Picture (Element…
Silver Photo for Pure Element
Silver Photo of the Pure…
Sodium Pure Element Photo
Sodium Metal Pure Element…
Sulfur Crystal Element Picture…
Sulfur Pure Element Image…
Sulfur Pure Nonmetal Element
Strontium Example of Pure Elemen…
Tantalum as an Element
Tantalum Metal as a Pure Sample
Technetium Pure Sample
Tellurium Pure Sample (Element P…
Terbium Silvery Element Sample…
Thallium Element Sample (Element…
Thorium Pure Element (Element Ph…
Thulium Seen as a Pure Element
Thulium Pure Element Metal…
Tin Pure Specimen of Element…
Titanium Element Crystal…
Titanium Pure Element Photo
Tungsten or Wolfram Element…
Tungsten Pure Element Photo
Uranium in Pure Form (Element Ph…
Uranium Metal Cubes (Element Pho…
Vanadium Metal Pure Sample…
Vanadium with Oxide Layer Pure E…
Xenon Pure Sample (Element Photo…
Ytterbium Element Photography…
Yttrium Lustrous Pure Element
Yttrium Dendrites and Cube…
Zinc Example of Pure Metal
Zinc Element Image (Element Phot…
Zinc Photo for Pure Element
Zirconium Crystal and Cube…
Zirconium Pure Metal (Element Ph…
Zirconium Photo of the Pure…
Holmium Image (Element Photos)
Osmium Image (Element Photos)
Selenium Allotropes (Element Pho…
Liquid Helium Image (Element Pho…
Gold Rope (Element Photos)
AN
(z)
Name
Sym
bol
Year
Discovered
Discoverer
Derivation of Name/Symbol
1
Hydrogen
H
1766
Henry Cavendish
3
Lithium
Li
1818
Johan August Arfvedson
5
Boron
B
7
Nitrogen
N
1772
9
Fluorine
F
1886 (isolated)
11 Sodium
Na
1807
13 Aluminium
Al
15 Phosphorus
P
1669
Hennig Brand
From the Greek phosphorus for 'bringing light' as white phosphorus oxidises
spontaneously in air and glows in the dark
17 Chlorine
Cl
1774
Carl Wilhelm Scheele
From the Greek chloros for 'pale green', the colour of the element.
19 Potassium
K
21 Scandium
Sc
1808 (isolated) Humphry Davy
Daniel Rutherford
From the Latin lithos for 'stone' because lithium was thought to exist only in minerals as it
was first found in the mineral petalite.
From the Arabic buraq for 'white'. It was first isolated in an impure state by Louis-Joseph
Gay-Lussac and Louis-Jacques Thenard, but it was Humphry Davy who first prepared pure
boron using electrolysis.
From the Latin nitrium and Greek nitron for 'native soda' and genes for 'forming' because it
is found in potassium nitrate, saltpeter or nitre or native soda.
Ferdinand Frederic, Henri From the Latin fluere for 'flow or flux' as the mineral fluorspar was used as a flux in
metallurgy because of its low melting point
Moissan
Sir Humphry Davy
1825 (isolated) Hans Christian Oersted
1807 (isolated) Sir Humphry Davy
1879
From the Greek hydro for 'water' and genes for 'forming' as it burned in air to form water.
Lars Fredrik Nilson
From the English soda and Latin sodanum for 'headache remedy'. The chemical symbol
derives from the Latin natrium for soda.
From the Latin alum and alumen for 'stringent' since the early Romans called any
substance with a stringent taste alum.
From the English potash as it was found in caustic potash (KOH). The chemical symbol
derives from the Latin kalium via the Arabic qali for alkali
From the Latin scandia for Scandanavia where the mineral was found
25 Manganese
Andres Manuel del Rio y
From the Scandanavian Freyja Vanadis, goddess of love and beauty, because of its many
V
1801/1830 Fernandez/Nils Gabriel
beautiful coloured compounds
Sefstrom
From the Latin magnes for 'magnet' since the mineral pyrolusite (MnO2) has magnetic
Mn 1774 (isolated) Johan Gottlieb Gahn
27 Cobalt
Co
1739
29 Copper
Cu
-
23 Vanadium
properties
Georg Brandt
From the German kobold for 'evil spirits' who were thought to cause miners problems
since the mineral contained arsenic which was detrimental to their health.
known since ancient
times
From the Latin cuprum for 'Cyprus' where the Romans first obtained copper
31 Gallium
Ga
1875
Paul-Emile Lecoq de
Boisbaudran
From the Latin gallia for France, or possibly from the Latin gallus for 'le coq or cock' after
its Fench discoverer. Predicted by Mendeleev who called it eka-aluminium.
33 Arsenic
As
-
known since ancient
times
From the Latin arsenicum and the Greek arsenikos for the yellow arsenic ore, sounds
similar to the Greek arsenikon for 'male or potent' possibly referring to its toxicity.
35 Bromine
Br
1826
Antoine-Jerome Balard
From the Greek bromos for 'stench'
37 Rubidium
Rb
1861
Robert Bunsen, Gustav
Kirchoff
From the Latin rubidus for deepest red because of the two deep red lines in its spectrum
39 Yttrium
Y
1794
Johan Gadolin
From the Swedish village of Ytterby where the mineral gadolinite (ytterbite) was found
41 Niobium
Nb
1801
Charles Hatchett
From the Greek Niobe, daughter of Tantalus, since the elements niobium and tantalum
were originally thought to be identical elements
43 Technetium
Carlo Perrier, Emilio
Tc 1937 (synthesised)
Segre
45 Rhodium
Rh
1803
47 Silver
Ag
-
49 Indium
In
1863
51 Antimony
Sb
-
I
55 Caesium
57 Lanthanum
53 Iodine
William Hyde Wollaston From the Greek rhodon for rose because of the rose coloured solutions of its salts
known since ancient
times
Ferdinand Reich,
Hieronymus Theodor
Richter
known since ancient
times
From the Anglo-Saxon seofor and siolfur. The chemical symbol derives from the Latin
argentum and Sanskrit argunas for 'bright'
1811
Barnard Courtois
From the Greek ioeides for 'violet coloured' because of its violet vapours
Cs
1860
Robert Wilhelm Bunsen, From the Latin caesius for 'sky blue colour' which was the colour of the caesium line in the
Gustav Robert Kirchoff spectroscope.
La
1839
Carl Gustaf Mosander
Carl F. Auer von
Welsbach
Jacob A. Marinsky,
Pm1944 (synthesised)Lawrence E. Glendenin,
Charles D. Coryell
59 Praseodymium Pr
61 Promethium
From the Greek technetos for 'artificial'.
1885
From indigo for the indigo-blue line in the element's spectrum
From the Greek anti and monos for 'not alone' because it was found in many compounds.
The symbol Sb comes from the original name, stibium.
From the Greek lanthanein 'to escape notice' because it hid in cerium ore and was difficult
to separate out
From the Greek prasios for 'green' and didymos for 'twin' because of the pale green salts it
forms. Carl F. Auer von Welsbach separated praseodymium and neodymium from a
didymium sample.
From Prometheus who stole fire from heaven and gave it to the human race, since it was
found by harnessing nuclear energy which is also a threat
63 Europium
1896
Eu(separation from mineral)
Eugene-Antole Demarcay From the continent Europe. Demarcay isolated europium in 1901
65 Terbium
Tb
1843
Carl Gustaf Mosander
From the village of Ytterby in Sweden where the mineral ytterbite was first found
67 Holmium
Ho
1879
Per Theodor Cleve
From the Latin holmia for Stockholm, or possibly after Holmberg who first isolated it.
69 Thulium
Tm
1879
Per Theodor Cleve
From Thule, the earliest name for Scandanavia
71 Lutetium
Lu
1907
Georges Urbain
From the Latin lutetia the Latin name for the city of Paris
73 Tantalum
Ta
1802
Anders Gustaf Ekeberg
75 Rhenium
Re
1925
Ida Tacke-Noddack,
Walter Noddack, Otto
Carl Berg
From the Greek tantalos, the mythological character who was banished to Hades unable to
eat or drink, because the element was insoluble in acids.
77 Iridium
Ir
1803
Smithson Tennant
From the Latin Iris, the Greek goddess of rainbows because of the variety of colours in the
element's salt solutions
79 Gold
Au
-
known since ancient
times
From the Sanskrit jval 'to shine'. The symbol Au derives from the Latin aurum for Aurora
the Roman goddess of the dawn.
81 Thallium
Tl
1861
Sir William Crookes
From the Greek thallos for 'green shoot' because of the bright green lines in its spectrum
83 Bismuth
Bi
1753
Claude-Francois Geoffroy
From the German weisse masse for 'white mass', the colour of its oxides
the Younger
85 Astatine
Dale R. Carson, K.R.
From the Greek astatos for 'unstable' as it is an unstable element.
At 1940 (synthesised)
MacKenzie, Emilio Segre
87 Francium
Fr
1939
Marguerite Catherine
Perey
From France the country in which it was first discovered
89 Actinium
Ac
1899
Andre-Louis Debierne
From the Greek aktis or akinis for 'beam or ray' because it is a good source of alpha
radiation
91 Protactinium
Pa
1913
Kasimir Fajans, O.H.
Gohring
93 Neptunium
Edwin M. McMillan,
Np 1940 (synthesised)
Philip H. Abelson
From the Latin rhenus for the Rhine Ralley in Germany
From the Greek protos for 'first' and actinium, since it was found to be the parent of
actinium
From Neptune, the Roman god of the sea, since it is the next outermost planet beyond
Uranus in the Solar System and this element is the next one beyond Uranium in the
Periodic Table
95 Americium
97 Berkelium
99 Einsteinium
Glenn T. Seaborg, Ralph
Am1944 (synthesised)A. James, Leon O.
Morgan,
Albert Ghiorso
Glenn T. Seaborg,
Bk 1949 (synthesised)Stanley G. Thompson,
Albert Ghiorso
Es 1952 (synthesised)Albert Ghiorso
Stanley G. Thompson,
101 Mendelevium Md1955 (synthesised)Glenn T. Seaborg,
Barnard
G. Harvey,
Albert
Ghiorso,
Torbjorn
103 Lawrencium
Lr 1961 (synthesised)Sikkeland, Almon E.
Larsh,
M. Latimer
RussianRobert
Scientists
in
105 Dubnium
Db
1967/1970 (synthesised)
Dubna/Lawrence
Berkeley Laboratory
Centre for Heavy-Ion
107 Bohrium
Bh 1981 (synthesised)
Research , Germany
Peter Armbruster,
Mt 1980 (synthesised)
Gottfried Munzenber
multinational team of
111 Roentgenium Rg 1994 (synthesised)scientists at the Heavy
Ion Research Centre,
113 (Ununtrium) Uut
109 Meitnerium
115 (Ununpentium)Uup
117 (Ununseptium) Uus
From the analogy to europium the sixth element in the lanthanide series since americium
is the sixth element in the actinide series.
From Berkeley, California, where it was first synthesised
From 'Albert Einstein'. Eisteinium-252 first found in the debris of thermonuclear weapons
From Dimitri Mendeleev who developed the Periodic Table of the Elements. Original
chemical symbol was My but was changed in 1955.
From Ernest O. Lawrence who developed the cyclotron. The original symbol was Lw but
was changed
From the location of the Russian research centre in Dubna
From Neils Bohr who developed a theory of the electronic structure of the atom
From Lise Meitner who discovered protactinium
From Roentgen, discoverer of X-rays
Atomic mass
MP °C
BP °C
State
AN (z)
1,00794 g/mol
-259,1 °C
-252,9 °C
1
1
s
Gas
2
6,941 g/mol
180,5 °C
1317 °C
1
2
s
Solid
10,811 g/mol
2300 °C
2550 °C
13
2
p
14,00674 g/mol
-209,9 °C
-195,8 °C
15
2
18,9984032 g/mol
-219,6 °C
-188,1 °C
17
22,989768 g/mol
97,8 °C
892 °C
26,981539 g/mol
660,5 °C
2467 °C
30,973762 g/mol
44 (P4) °C 280 (P4) °C
Group Period Block
Name
Symbol
Year Discovered
Helium
He
1868
4
Beryllium
Be
1798
Solid
6
Carbon
C
-
p
Gas
8
Oxygen
O
1774
2
p
Gas
10
Neon
Ne
1898
1
3
s
Solid
12
Magnesium
Mg
1808 (separation from mineral)
13
3
p
Solid
14
Silicon
Si
1924
15
3
p
Solid
16
Sulphur
S
-
35,4527 g/mol
-34,6 °C
-101 °C
17
3
p
Gas
18
Argon
Ar
1894
39,0983 g/mol
63,7 °C
774 °C
1
4
s
Solid
20
Calcium
Ca
1808 (isolated)
44,95591 g/mol
1539 °C
2832 °C
3
4
d
Solid
22
Titanium
Ti
1791
50,9415 g/mol
1890 °C
3380 °C
5
4
d
Solid
24
Chromium
Cr
1797
54,93805 g/mol
1244 °C
2097 °C
7
4
d
Solid
26
Iron
Fe
-
58,9332 g/mol
1495 °C
2870 °C
9
4
d
Solid
28
Nickel
Ni
1751
63,546 g/mol
1083,5 °C
2595 °C
11
4
d
Solid
30
Zinc
Zn
-
69,723 g/mol
29,8 °C
2403 °C
13
4
p
Solid
32
Germanium
Ge
1886
74,92159 g/mol
613 °C 613 (Subl.) °C 15
4
p
Solid
34
Selenium
Se
1817
79,904 g/mol
-7,3 °C
58,8 °C
17
4
p
Liquid
36
Krypton
Kr
1898
85,4678 g/mol
39 °C
688 °C
1
5
s
Solid
38
Strontium
Sr
1792
88,90585 g/mol
1523 °C
3337 °C
3
5
d
Solid
40
Zirconium
Zr
1789
92,90638 g/mol
2468 °C
4927 °C
5
5
d
Solid
42
Molybdenum
Mo
1778
98,9063 g/mol
2172 °C
5030 °C
7
5
d
Solid
44
Ruthenium
Ru
1844 (isolated)
102,9055 g/mol
1966 °C
3727 °C
9
5
d
Solid
46
Palladium
Pd
1803
107,8682 g/mol
961,9 °C
2212 °C
11
5
d
Solid
48
Cadmium
Cd
1817
114,82 g/mol
156,2 °C
2080 °C
13
5
p
Solid
50
Tin
Sn
-
121,75 g/mol
630,7 °C
1750 °C
15
5
p
Solid
52
Tellurium
Te
1782
126,90447 g/mol
113,5 °C
184,4 °C
17
5
p
Solid
54
Xenon
Xe
1898
132,90543 g/mol
28,4 °C
690 °C
1
6
s
Solid
56
Barium
Ba
1808 (isolated)
138,9055 g/mol
920 °C
3454 °C
3
6
f
Solid
58
Cerium
Ce
1803
140,90765 g/mol
931 °C
3212 °C
3
6
f
Solid
60
Neodymium
Nd1885 (isolated from mineral)
146,9151 g/mol
1080 °C
2730 °C
3
6
f
Solid
62
Samarium
Sm
1878
151,965 g/mol
822 °C
1597 °C
3
6
f
Solid
64
Gadolinium
Gd
1880
158,92534 g/mol
1360 °C
3041 °C
3
6
f
Solid
66
Dysprosium
Dy
1886
164,93032 g/mol
1470 °C
2720 °C
3
6
f
Solid
68
Erbium
Er
1843
168,93421 g/mol
1545 °C
1727 °C
3
6
f
Solid
70
Ytterbium
Yb
1878
174,967 g/mol
1656 °C
3315 °C
3
6
d
Solid
72
Hafnium
Hf
1923
180,9479 g/mol
2996 °C
5425 °C
5
6
d
Solid
74
Tungsten
W
1783 (isolated)
186,207 g/mol
3180 °C
5627 °C
7
6
d
Solid
76
Osmium
Os
1803
192,22 g/mol
2410 °C
4130 °C
9
6
d
Solid
78
Platinum
Pt
1735
196,96654 g/mol
1064,4 °C
2940 °C
11
6
d
Solid
80
Mercury
Hg
-
204,3833 g/mol
303,6 °C
1457 °C
13
6
p
Solid
82
Lead
Pb
-
208,98037 g/mol
271,4 °C
1560 °C
15
6
p
Solid
84
Polonium
Po
1898
209,9871 g/mol
302 °C
337 °C
17
6
p
Solid
86
Radon
Rn
1900
223,0197 g/mol
27 °C
677 °C
1
7
s
Solid
88
Radium
Ra
1898
227,0278 g/mol
1047 °C
3197 °C
3
7
f
Solid
90
Thorium
Th
1828
231,0359 g/mol
1554 °C
4030 °C
3
7
f
Solid
92
Uranium
U
1789
237,0482 g/mol
640 °C
3902 °C
3
7
f
Solid
94
Plutonium
Pu
1941 (synthesised)
243,0614 g/mol
994 °C
2607 °C
3
7
f
Solid
96
Curium
Cm
1944 (synthesised)
247,0703 g/mol
986 °C
0
3
7
f
Solid
98
Californium
Cf
1950 (synthesised)
252,0829 g/mol
860 °C
0
3
7
f
Solid
100
Fermium
Fm
1952 (synthesised)
258,0986 g/mol
0
0
3
7
f
Solid
102
Nobelium
No
1958 (synthesised)
104
Rutherfordium
RE 1964/1969 (synthesised)
106
Seaborgium
Sg
1974 (synthesised)
260,1053 g/mol
0
0
3
7
d
262,1138 g/mol
0
0
5
7
d
Solid
(presu
med)
0
262,1229 g/mol
0
0
7
7
d
0
108
Hassium
Hs
1984 (synthesised)
266 g/mol
0
0
9
7
d
0
110
Darmstadtium
Ds
1994 (synthesised)
272 g/mol
0
0
11
7
d
0
112
Copernicium
Cn
1996 (synthesised)
13
7
p
0
114
Flerovium
Fl
1998 (synthesised)
15
7
p
0
116
Livermorium
Lv
2000 (synthesised)
15
7
p
0
118
(Ununoctium)
Uuo
0
0
0
Discoverer
Derivation of Name/Symbol
Pierre-Jules-Cesar Janssen
Nicholas-Louis Vauquelin
known since ancient times
Joseph Priestly
Sir William Ramsay, Morris M.
Travers
Sir Humphry Davy
Jons Jacob Berzelius
known since ancient times
Atomic mass
MP°C
From the Greek helios for 'sun'. It was discovered by spectroscopy during a
solar eclipse in the sun's chromosphere.
4,002602 g/mol
-272,2 °C
From the Greek berryllos for 'beryl' the gemstone in which it was first found.
9,012182 g/mol
1278 °C
12,011 g/mol
3550 °C
15,9994 g/mol
-218,4 °C
From the Greek neos for 'new'
20,1797 g/mol
-248,7 °C
From Magnesia a district in Thessalia in northeastern Greece
24,305 g/mol
648,8 °C
28,0855 g/mol
1410 °C
32,066 g/mol
113 °C
From the Latin carbo for 'charcoal'. In 1797, Smithson Tennant showed that
diamond is pure carbon.
>From the Greek oxys for 'acid' and genes for 'forming' since Antoine-Laurent
Lavoisier originally thought that oxygen was an acid producer because when he
burnt phosphorus and sulfur and dissolved them in water they produced acids.
From the Latin silex and silicis for 'flint'. Originally it was thought to be a metal
and called silicium, when this was shown to be wrong the name was changed to
silicon.
From Latin sulfurium and the Sanskrit sulveri. Sulfur was known as brenne
stone, combustible stone, from which brim-stone is derived
Sir William Ramsay, Lord Raleigh
From the Greek argos for 'lazy' because it does not combine with other
elements.
39,948 g/mol
-189,4 °C
Sir Humphry Davy
From the Latin calx for 'lime or limestone' in which it is found.
40,078 g/mol
839 °C
The Reverend William Gregor
From the Latin titans, mythological first sons of the earth
47,88 g/mol
1660 °C
Louis-Nicholas Vauquelin
From the Greek chroma for 'colour' as there are many coloured compounds of
chromium
51,9961 g/mol
1857 °C
55,847 g/mol
1535 °C
58,69 g/mol
1453 °C
65,39 g/mol
419,6 °C
known since ancient times
Axel Fredrik Cronstedt
known since ancient times
From the Anglo Saxon iron. The symbol is derived form the Latin ferrum for
'firmness'
From the German nickel for 'deceptive spirit' as miners called the mineral
niccolite kupfernickel (false copper) as it resembled copper ores in appearance
but no copper was found in the ore.
From the German zink
Clemens Winkler
From the Latin germania for Germany after its German discoverer. Predicted by
Mendeleev who called it eka-silicon.
72,61 g/mol
937,4 °C
Jons Jacob Berzelius
From the Greek Selene, goddess of the moon, because the element is found
with tellurium (named after Tellus, Roman goddess of the earth)
78,96 g/mol
217 °C
Sir William Ramsay, Morris M.
Travers
From the Greek kryptos for 'hidden'
83,8 g/mol
-156,6 °C
Thomas Charles Hope
From Strontian a town in Scotland where the mineral strontianite is found
87,62 g/mol
769 °C
Martin Heinrich Klaproth
From the Arabic zargun for 'gold-like'
91,224 g/mol
1852 °C
Carl Welhelm Scheele
From the Greek molybdos for 'lead' as the ancient Greeks used this term for any
black mineral which left a mark
95,94 g/mol
2617 °C
Karl Karlovich Klaus
From the latin ruthenia, the old name for Russia
101,07 g/mol
2310 °C
106,42 g/mol
1552 °C
112,411 g/mol
321 °C
William Hyde Wollaston
Friedrich Strohmeyer
From the second largets asteroid of the Solar System, Pallus, named after the
goddess of wisdom and arts, Pallas Athene, as the element was discovered 1
year after the discovery of the asteroid.
From the Greek kadmeia for 'calamine, zinc carbonate' as it was found as an
impurity with zinc carbonate in nature
known since ancient times
From the Anglo-Saxon tin. The chemical symbol is derived from the Latn
stannum for alloys containing lead
118,71 g/mol
232 °C
Franz Joseph Muller von
Reichenstein
From the Latin Tellus, Roman goddess of the earth
127,6 g/mol
449,6 °C
Sir William Ramsay, Morris M.
Travers
From the Greek xenon for 'stranger'
131,29 g/mol
-111,9 °C
Sir Humphry Davy
From the Greek barys for 'heavy' as it was found in the mineral heavy spar.
137,327 g/mol
725 °C
140,115 g/mol
798 °C
144,24 g/mol
1010 °C
150,36 g/mol
1072 °C
Jons Jacob Berzelius, Wilhelm
von Hisinger, Martin Heinrich
Klaproth
Carl F. Auer von Welsbach
Marc Delafontaine
From the planetoid Ceres which was named after the Roman goddess of
agriculture.
From the Greek neos for 'new' and 'didymos' for twin after Carl Auer von
Welsbach separated didymium into new elements, one of which he called
neodymium
From the mineral Samarskite in which it is found and which was named after
Colonel von Samarski, a Russian mine official
Jean Charles Galissard de
Marignac
From the mineral gadolinite in which it is found and which was named after
Johan Gadolin
157,25 g/mol
1311 °C
Paul-Emile Lecoq de
Boisbaudran
From the Greek dysprositos for 'hard to get at' because it is difficult to separate
dysprosium from the holmium mineral in which it is found
162,5 g/mol
1409 °C
Carl Gustaf Mosander
From the Swedish town of Ytterby where the ore gadolinite was first mined.
167,26 g/mol
1522 °C
Jean Charles Galissard de
Marignac
From the Swedish village of Ytterby where the mineral ytterbite was found
173,04 g/mol
824 °C
Dirk Coster, Charles de Hevesy
From the Latin hafnia for Copenhagen where it was first discovered.
178,49 g/mol
2150 °C
183,85 g/mol
3407 °C
190,2 g/mol
3045 °C
Don Juan Jose and Don Fausto
d'Elhuyar
Smithson Tennant
From the Swedish tung sten for 'heavy stone'. The chemical symbol is derived
from the German wolfram which was found with tin and interferred with the
smelting of tin, it was said to eat up tin like a wolf eats up sheep
From the Greek some for 'smell' because of the sharp odour of the volatile
oxide
Antonio de Ulloa
From the Spanish platina for 'silver'
195,08 g/mol
1772 °C
known since ancient times
From the Roman god Mercury, the messenger of the gods. The symbol derives
from the Greek hydragyrium for 'liquid silver' or quick silver
200,59 g/mol
-38,9 °C
known since ancient times
From Anglo Saxon lead. The symbol is derived from the Latin plumbum for
'lead'
207,2 g/mol
327,5 °C
Pierre and Marie Curie
From Poland, the native country of Marie Sklodowska Curie
208,9824 g/mol
254 °C
Friedrich Ernst Dorn
Originally called radium emanation, Em, because it was a decay product of
radium. The name radon reflects its origin from radium
222,0176 g/mol
-71 °C
Marie Sklodowska Curie, Pierre
From the Latin radius for 'beam or ray' because of its ray-emitting power
Curie
226,0254 g/mol
700 °C
Jons Jacob Berzelius
232,0381 g/mol
1750 °C
238,0289 g/mol
1132,4 °C
244,0642 g/mol
641 °C
Martin Heinrich Klaproth
Glenn T. Seaborg, Joseph W.
Kennedy, Edward M. McMillan,
Arthur C. Wohl
From Thor, Scandanavian god of thunder
From the planet Uranus named after the Roman 'Father Heaven', Uranus was
discovered in 1781.
From the planet Pluto, the Roman god of the underworld, as Pluto is the next
planet in the Solar System beyond Neptune and the element plutonium is the
next element beyond neptunium
Glenn T. Seaborg, Ralph A.
James, Albert Ghiorso
Stanley G. Thompson, Glenn T.
Seaborg, Kenneth Street, Jr.,
Albert Ghiorso
Albert Ghiorso
From 'Pierre and Marie Curie' who discovered radium and polonium
247,0703 g/mol
1340 °C
From the state and university of California where the element was first
synthesised.
251,0796 g/mol
900 °C
From Enrico Fermi, the physicist who built the first nuclear reactor. First found
in the debris of a thermonuclear weapon explosion
257,0951 g/mol
0
From Alfred Nobel the discoverer of dynamite and founder of the Nobel Prize
259,1009 g/mol
0
From Ernest Rutherford who developed a theory of radioactive transformations
261,1087 g/mol
0
Albert Ghiorso
From Glenn Theodore Seaborg who led the team that first synthesised a
number of transuranic elements
263,1182 g/mol
0
Peter Armbruster, Gottfried
Munzenber
From the Latin hassia for the German state of Hesse whose former capital was
Darmstadt where the element was first synthesised
265 g/mol
0
269 g/mol
0
277 g/mol
0
at the Joint Institute for Nuclear
Research,
Dubna,
Russia
multinational
team
of scientists
0
0
at the Joint Institute for Nuclear
Research, Dubna, Russia
0
0
Albert Ghiorso, Glenn T.
Seaborg, Torbjorn Sikkeland,
John R. Walton
Russian Scientists at
Dubna/Albert Ghiorso
Peter Armbruster, Gottfried
From Darmstadt the region where the research centre is located
Munzenber
multinational team of scientists
name proposed in 2009, the International Year of Astronomy, after Nicolaus
at the Heavy Ion Research
Copernicus who postulated that the Earth orbits the Sun
Centre,
Darmstadt,
multinational
team Germany
of scientists
0
BP °C
Group Period
Block
State
-268,9 °C
18
1
s
Gas
2970 °C
2
2
s
Solid
4827 °C
14
2
p
Solid
-182,9 °C
16
2
p
Gas
-246,1 °C
18
2
p
Gas
1107 °C
2
3
s
Solid
2355 °C
14
3
p
Solid
444,7 °C
16
3
p
Solid
-185,9 °C
18
3
p
Gas
1487 °C
2
4
s
Solid
3260 °C
4
4
d
Solid
2482 °C
6
4
d
Solid
2750 °C
8
4
d
Solid
2732 °C
10
4
d
Solid
907 °C
12
4
d
Solid
2830 °C
14
4
p
Solid
685 °C
16
4
p
Solid
-152,3 °C
18
4
p
Gas
1384 °C
2
5
s
Solid
4377 °C
4
5
d
Solid
5560 °C
6
5
d
Solid
3900 °C
8
5
d
Solid
3140 °C
10
5
d
Solid
765 °C
12
5
d
Solid
2270 °C
14
5
p
Solid
990 °C
16
5
p
Solid
-107 °C
18
5
p
Gas
1640 °C
2
6
s
Solid
3257 °C
3
6
f
Solid
3127 °C
3
6
f
Solid
1778 °C
3
6
f
Solid
3233 °C
3
6
f
Solid
2335 °C
3
6
f
Solid
2510 °C
3
6
f
Solid
1193 °C
3
6
f
Solid
5400 °C
4
6
d
Solid
5927 °C
6
6
d
Solid
5027 °C
8
6
d
Solid
3827 °C
10
6
d
Solid
356,6 °C
12
6
d
Liquid
1740 °C
14
6
p
Solid
962 °C
16
6
p
Solid
-61,8 °C
18
6
p
Gas
1140 °C
2
7
s
Solid
4787 °C
3
7
f
Solid
3818 °C
3
7
f
Solid
3327 °C
3
7
f
Solid
0
3
7
f
Solid
0
3
7
f
Solid
0
3
7
f
Solid
0
3
7
f
Solid
0
4
7
dSolid (presumed)
0
6
7
d
0
0
8
7
d
0
0
10
7
d
0
0
12
7
d
0
0
13
7
p
0
0
14
7
p
0
0
16
7
p
0
Cupper
Actinium
Aluminium
Americium
Antimony
Curium
Argon in a
Tube
Barium
Beryllium
Bismuth
Boron
Bromine Liquid
Cadmium
Calcium
Californium
Carbon - Diamonds
Cesium Crystals
Chlorine Liquid
Chromium
Cobalt
1
Hydrogen
H
1
1
s
Gas
-259,1 °C
-252,9 °C 1,00794 g/mol
Year of
Density at
Discover Discoverer
20°C
y
0,084 g/l
1766
Cavendish
2
Helium
He
18
1
s
Gas
-272,2 °C
-268,9 °C 4,002602 g/mol
0,17 g/l
1895
Ramsay and Cleve
3
Lithium
Li
1
2
s
Solid
180,5 °C
1317 °C
6,941 g/mol
0,53 g/cm3
1817
Arfvedson
4
Beryllium
Be
2
2
s
Solid
1278 °C
2970 °C
9,012182 g/mol
1,85 g/cm3
1797
Vauquelin
5
Boron
B
13
2
p
Solid
2300 °C
2550 °C
10,811 g/mol
2,46 g/cm3
1808
Davy and Gay-Lussac
6
Carbon
C
14
2
p
Solid
3550 °C
4827 °C
12,011 g/mol
3,51 g/cm3 prehistoric unknown
7
Nitrogen
N
15
2
p
Gas
-209,9 °C
-195,8 °C 14,00674 g/mol
1,17 g/l
1772
Rutherford
8
Oxygen
O
16
2
p
Gas
-218,4 °C
-182,9 °C 15,9994 g/mol
1,33 g/l
1774
Priestley and Scheele
9
Fluorine
F
17
2
p
Gas
-219,6 °C
-188,1 °C 18,9984032 g/mol 1,58 g/l
1886
Moissan
10
Neon
Ne
18
2
p
Gas
-248,7 °C
-246,1 °C 20,1797 g/mol
0,84 g/l
1898
Ramsay and Travers
11
Sodium
Na
1
3
s
Solid
97,8 °C
892 °C
22,989768 g/mol
0,97 g/cm3
1807
Davy
12
Magnesium
Mg
2
3
s
Solid
648,8 °C
1107 °C
24,305 g/mol
1,74 g/cm3
1755
Black
13
Aluminium
Al
13
3
p
Solid
660,5 °C
2467 °C
26,981539 g/mol
2,70 g/cm3
1825
Oersted
14
Silicon
Si
14
3
p
Solid
1410 °C
2355 °C
28,0855 g/mol
2,33 g/cm3
1824
Berzelius
15
Phosphorus
P
15
3
p
Solid
1,82 g/cm3
1669
Brandt
16
Sulfur
S
16
3
p
Solid
113 °C
444,7 °C 32,066 g/mol
2,06 g/cm3 prehistoric unknown
17
Chlorine
Cl
17
3
p
Gas
-34,6 °C
-101 °C
2,95 g/l
1774
Scheele
18
Argon
Ar
18
3
p
Gas
-189,4 °C
1,66 g/l
1894
Ramsay and Rayleigh
19
Potassium
K
1
4
s
Solid
63,7 °C
774 °C
39,0983 g/mol
0,86 g/cm3
1807
Davy
20
Calcium
Ca
2
4
s
Solid
839 °C
1487 °C
40,078 g/mol
1,54 g/cm3
1808
Davy
21
Scandium
Sc
3
4
d
Solid
1539 °C
2832 °C
44,95591 g/mol
2,99 g/cm3
1879
Nilson
22
Titanium
Ti
4
4
d
Solid
1660 °C
3260 °C
47,88 g/mol
4,51 g/cm3
1791
Gregor and Klaproth
23
Vanadium
V
5
4
d
Solid
1890 °C
3380 °C
50,9415 g/mol
6,09 g/cm3
1801
del Rio
24
Chromium
Cr
6
4
d
Solid
1857 °C
2482 °C
51,9961 g/mol
7,14 g/cm3
1797
Vauquelin
25
Manganese
Mn
7
4
d
Solid
1244 °C
2097 °C
54,93805 g/mol
7,44 g/cm3
1774
Gahn
26
Iron
Fe
8
4
d
Solid
1535 °C
2750 °C
55,847 g/mol
7,87 g/cm3 prehistoric unknown
27
Cobalt
Co
9
4
d
Solid
1495 °C
2870 °C
58,9332 g/mol
8,89 g/cm3
Atomic
Number
Name of the
Element
Symbol Group Period Block
State at
STP
Melting
point °C
Boiling
point °C
Atomic mass
44 (P4) °C 280 (P4) °C 30,973762 g/mol
35,4527 g/mol
-185,9 °C 39,948 g/mol
1735
Brandt
28
Nickel
Ni
10
4
d
Solid
1453 °C
2732 °C
58,69 g/mol
Year of
Density at
Discover Discoverer
20°C
y
8,91 g/cm3
1751
Cronstedt
29
Copper
Cu
11
4
d
Solid
1083,5 °C
2595 °C
63,546 g/mol
8,92 g/cm3 prehistoric unknown
30
Zinc
Zn
12
4
d
Solid
419,6 °C
907 °C
65,39 g/mol
7,14 g/cm3 prehistoric unknown
31
Gallium
Ga
13
4
p
Solid
29,8 °C
2403 °C
69,723 g/mol
5,91 g/cm3
1875
Lecoq de Boiskaudran
32
Germanium
Ge
14
4
p
Solid
937,4 °C
2830 °C
72,61 g/mol
5,32 g/cm3
1886
Winkler
33
Arsenic
As
15
4
p
Solid
613 °C
34
Selenium
Se
16
4
p
Solid
217 °C
685 °C
78,96 g/mol
4,82 g/cm3
1817
Berzelius
35
Bromine
Br
17
4
p
Liquid
-7,3 °C
58,8 °C
79,904 g/mol
3,14 g/cm3
1826
Balard
36
Krypton
Kr
18
4
p
Gas
-156,6 °C
3,48 g/l
1898
Ramsay and Travers
37
Rubidium
Rb
1
5
s
Solid
39 °C
688 °C
85,4678 g/mol
1,53 g/cm3
1861
Bunsen and Kirchhoff
38
Strontium
Sr
2
5
s
Solid
769 °C
1384 °C
87,62 g/mol
2,63 g/cm3
1790
Crawford
39
Yttrium
Y
3
5
d
Solid
1523 °C
3337 °C
88,90585 g/mol
4,47 g/cm3
1794
Gadolin
40
Zirconium
Zr
4
5
d
Solid
1852 °C
4377 °C
91,224 g/mol
6,51 g/cm3
1789
Klaproth
41
Niobium
Nb
5
5
d
Solid
2468 °C
4927 °C
92,90638 g/mol
8,58 g/cm3
1801
Hatchet
42
Molybdenum
Mo
6
5
d
Solid
2617 °C
5560 °C
95,94 g/mol
10,28 g/cm3
1778
Scheele
43
Technetium
Tc
7
5
d
Solid
2172 °C
5030 °C
98,9063 g/mol
11,49 g/cm3
1937
Perrier and Segrè
44
Ruthenium
Ru
8
5
d
Solid
2310 °C
3900 °C
101,07 g/mol
12,45 g/cm3
1844
Claus
45
Rhodium
Rh
9
5
d
Solid
1966 °C
3727 °C
102,9055 g/mol
12,41 g/cm3
1803
Wollaston
46
Palladium
Pd
10
5
d
Solid
1552 °C
3140 °C
106,42 g/mol
12,02 g/cm3
1803
Wollaston
47
Silver
Ag
11
5
d
Solid
961,9 °C
2212 °C
107,8682 g/mol
10,49 g/cm3 prehistoric unknown
48
Cadmium
Cd
12
5
d
Solid
321 °C
765 °C
112,411 g/mol
8,64 g/cm3
1817
Stromeyer and Hermann
49
Indium
In
13
5
p
Solid
156,2 °C
2080 °C
114,82 g/mol
7,31 g/cm3
1863
Reich and Richter
50
Tin
Sn
14
5
p
Solid
232 °C
2270 °C
118,71 g/mol
7,29 g/cm3 prehistoric unknown
51
Antimony
Sb
15
5
p
Solid
630,7 °C
1750 °C
121,75 g/mol
6,69 g/cm3 prehistoric unknown
52
Tellurium
Te
16
5
p
Solid
449,6 °C
990 °C
127,6 g/mol
6,25 g/cm3
1782
von Reichenstein
53
Iodine
I
17
5
p
Solid
113,5 °C
184,4 °C 126,90447 g/mol
4,94 g/cm3
1811
Courtois
54
Xenon
Xe
18
5
p
Gas
-111,9 °C
-107 °C
4,49 g/l
1898
Ramsay and Travers
Atomic
Number
Name of the
Element
Symbol Group Period Block
State at
STP
Melting
point °C
Boiling
point °C
Atomic mass
613 (Subl.) °C74,92159 g/mol
-152,3 °C 83,8 g/mol
131,29 g/mol
5,72 g/cm3
ca. 1250 Albertus Magnus
55
Caesium
Cs
1
6
s
Solid
28,4 °C
690 °C
132,90543 g/mol
Year of
Density at
Discover Discoverer
20°C
y
1,90 g/cm3
1860
Kirchhoff and Bunsen
56
Barium
Ba
2
6
s
Solid
725 °C
1640 °C
137,327 g/mol
3,65 g/cm3
1808
Davy
57
Lanthanum
La
3
6
f
Solid
920 °C
3454 °C
138,9055 g/mol
6,16 g/cm3
1839
Mosander
58
Cerium
Ce
3
6
f
Solid
798 °C
3257 °C
140,115 g/mol
6,77 g/cm3
1803
von Hisinger and Berzelius
59
Praseodymium
Pr
3
6
f
Solid
931 °C
3212 °C
140,90765 g/mol
6,48 g/cm3
1895
von Welsbach
60
Neodymium
Nd
3
6
f
Solid
1010 °C
3127 °C
144,24 g/mol
7,00 g/cm3
1895
von Welsbach
61
Promethium
Pm
3
6
f
Solid
1080 °C
2730 °C
146,9151 g/mol
7,22 g/cm3
1945
Marinsky and Glendenin
62
Samarium
Sm
3
6
f
Solid
1072 °C
1778 °C
150,36 g/mol
7,54 g/cm3
1879
Lecoq de Boisbaudran
63
Europium
Eu
3
6
f
Solid
822 °C
1597 °C
151,965 g/mol
5,25 g/cm3
1901
Demaçay
64
Gadolinium
Gd
3
6
f
Solid
1311 °C
3233 °C
157,25 g/mol
7,89 g/cm3
1880
de Marignac
65
Terbium
Tb
3
6
f
Solid
1360 °C
3041 °C
158,92534 g/mol
8,25 g/cm3
1843
Mosander
66
Dysprosium
Dy
3
6
f
Solid
1409 °C
2335 °C
162,5 g/mol
8,56 g/cm3
1886
Lecoq de Boisbaudran
67
Holmium
Ho
3
6
f
Solid
1470 °C
2720 °C
164,93032 g/mol
8,78 g/cm3
1878
Soret
68
Erbium
Er
3
6
f
Solid
1522 °C
2510 °C
167,26 g/mol
9,05 g/cm3
1842
Mosander
69
Thulium
Tm
3
6
f
Solid
1545 °C
1727 °C
168,93421 g/mol
9,32 g/cm3
1879
Cleve
70
Ytterbium
Yb
3
6
f
Solid
824 °C
1193 °C
173,04 g/mol
6,97 g/cm3
1878
de Marignac
71
Lutetium
Lu
3
6
d
Solid
1656 °C
3315 °C
174,967 g/mol
9,84 g/cm3
1907
Urbain
72
Hafnium
Hf
4
6
d
Solid
2150 °C
5400 °C
178,49 g/mol
13,31 g/cm3
1923
Coster and vón Hevesy
73
Tantalum
Ta
5
6
d
Solid
2996 °C
5425 °C
180,9479 g/mol
16,68 g/cm3
1802
Ekeberg
74
Tungsten
W
6
6
d
Solid
3407 °C
5927 °C
183,85 g/mol
19,26 g/cm3
1783
Gebrüder de Elhuyar
75
Rhenium
Re
7
6
d
Solid
3180 °C
5627 °C
186,207 g/mol
21,03 g/cm3
1925
Noddack, Tacke and Berg
76
Osmium
Os
8
6
d
Solid
3045 °C
5027 °C
190,2 g/mol
22,61 g/cm3
1803
Tenant
77
Iridium
Ir
9
6
d
Solid
2410 °C
4130 °C
192,22 g/mol
22,65 g/cm3
1803
Tenant and andere
78
Platinum
Pt
10
6
d
Solid
1772 °C
3827 °C
195,08 g/mol
21,45 g/cm3
1557
Scaliger
79
Gold
Au
11
6
d
Solid
1064,4 °C
2940 °C
196,96654 g/mol
19,32 g/cm3 prehistoric unknown
80
Mercury
Hg
12
6
d
Liquid
-38,9 °C
356,6 °C 200,59 g/mol
13,55 g/cm3 prehistoric unknown
81
Thallium
Tl
13
6
p
Solid
303,6 °C
1457 °C
11,85 g/cm3
Atomic
Number
Name of the
Element
Symbol Group Period Block
State at
STP
Melting
point °C
Boiling
point °C
Atomic mass
204,3833 g/mol
1861
Crookes
82
Lead
Pb
14
6
p
Solid
327,5 °C
1740 °C
207,2 g/mol
Year of
Density at
Discover Discoverer
20°C
y
11,34 g/cm3 prehistoric unknown
83
Bismuth
Bi
15
6
p
Solid
271,4 °C
1560 °C
208,98037 g/mol
9,80 g/cm3
1540
Agricola
84
Polonium
Po
16
6
p
Solid
254 °C
962 °C
208,9824 g/mol
9,20 g/cm3
1898
Marie and Pierre Curie
85
Astatine
At
17
6
p
Solid
302 °C
337 °C
209,9871 g/mol
0
1940
Corson and MacKenzie
86
Radon
Rn
18
6
p
Gas
-71 °C
-61,8 °C
222,0176 g/mol
9,23 g/l
1900
Dorn
87
Francium
Fr
1
7
s
Solid
27 °C
677 °C
223,0197 g/mol
0
1939
Perey
88
Radium
Ra
2
7
s
Solid
700 °C
1140 °C
226,0254 g/mol
5,50 g/cm3
1898
Marie and Pierre Curie
89
Actinium
Ac
3
7
f
Solid
1047 °C
3197 °C
227,0278 g/mol
10,07 g/cm3
1899
Debierne
90
Thorium
Th
3
7
f
Solid
1750 °C
4787 °C
232,0381 g/mol
11,72 g/cm3
1829
Berzelius
91
Protactinium
Pa
3
7
f
Solid
1554 °C
4030 °C
231,0359 g/mol
15,37 g/cm3
1917
Soddy, Cranston and Hahn
92
Uranium
U
3
7
f
Solid
1132,4 °C
3818 °C
238,0289 g/mol
18,97 g/cm3
1789
Klaproth
93
Neptunium
Np
3
7
f
Solid
640 °C
3902 °C
237,0482 g/mol
20,48 g/cm3
1940
McMillan and Abelson
94
Plutonium
Pu
3
7
f
Solid
641 °C
3327 °C
244,0642 g/mol
19,74 g/cm3
1940
Seaborg
95
Americium
Am
3
7
f
Solid
994 °C
2607 °C
243,0614 g/mol
13,67 g/cm3
1944
Seaborg
96
Curium
Cm
3
7
f
Solid
1340 °C
0
247,0703 g/mol
13,51 g/cm3
1944
Seaborg
97
Berkelium
Bk
3
7
f
Solid
986 °C
0
247,0703 g/mol
13,25 g/cm3
1949
Seaborg
98
Californium
Cf
3
7
f
Solid
900 °C
0
251,0796 g/mol
15,1 g/cm3
1950
Seaborg
99
Einsteinium
Es
3
7
f
Solid
860 °C
0
252,0829 g/mol
0
1952
Seaborg
100
Fermium
Fm
3
7
f
Solid
0
0
257,0951 g/mol
0
1952
Seaborg
101
Mendelevium
Md
3
7
f
Solid
0
0
258,0986 g/mol
0
1955
Seaborg
102
Nobelium
No
3
7
f
Solid
0
0
259,1009 g/mol
0
1958
Seaborg
103
Lawrencium
Lr
3
7
d Solid (presumed)
0
0
260,1053 g/mol
0
1961
Ghiorso
104
Rutherfordium
Rf
4
7
d Solid (presumed)
0
0
261,1087 g/mol
0
1964/69 Flerow oder Ghiorso
105
Dubnium
Db
5
7
d
0
0
0
262,1138 g/mol
0
1967/70 Flerow oder Ghiorso
106
Seaborgium
Sg
6
7
d
0
0
0
263,1182 g/mol
0
1974
Oganessian
107
Bohrium
Bh
7
7
d
0
0
0
262,1229 g/mol
0
1976
Oganessian
108
Hassium
Hs
8
7
d
0
0
0
265 g/mol
0
1984
Society for Heavy Ion Research
Atomic
Number
Name of the
Element
Symbol Group Period Block
State at
STP
Melting
point °C
Boiling
point °C
Atomic mass
109
Meitnerium
Mt
9
7
d
0
0
0
266 g/mol
Year of
Density at
Discover Discoverer
20°C
y
Society for Heavy Ion Research
0
1982
110
Darmstadtium
Ds
10
7
d
0
0
0
269 g/mol
0
1994
Society for Heavy Ion Research
111
Roentgenium
Rg
11
7
d
0
0
0
272 g/mol
0
1994
Society for Heavy Ion Research
112
Copernicium
Cn
12
7
d
0
0
0
277 g/mol
0
1996
Society for Heavy Ion Research
113
(Ununtrium)
Uut
13
7
p
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
114
Flerovium
Fl
14
7
p
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
115
(Ununpentium)
Uup
15
7
p
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
116
Livermorium
Lv
16
7
p
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
117
(Ununseptium)
Uus
17
7
p
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
118
(Ununoctium)
Uuo
18
7
p
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Atomic
Number
Name of the
Element
Name of the School :
Name of the Student :
Class & Section :
Roll No :
Symbol Group Period Block
State at
STP
Melting
point °C
Boiling
point °C
Atomic mass