Dealing with high feedstuff prices:
what are viable options
IGFA Feed Forum 2012
J. Doppenberg, Ph.D.
Schothorst Feed Research
Lelystad, the Netherlands
Agenda
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Prerequisites for feed formulations
Low versus high quality protein source
Diet concentration in relation to feed costs
Reduction of SID/AID amino acid content
Use of liquid by-products
Conclusions
©2004-2012 Schothorst Feed Research. All rights reserved
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Prerequisites for feed formulations
– Reliable, species specific, feedstuff table of all available
feedstuffs. NE for pigs and AID/SID AA prefered
=>predictable animal response independent of feed
composition (and feed costs)
– Calculate nutrient value of available, variable feedstuffs
based on chemical analyses and digestibility coefficients
(available Energy, AID/SID AA and minerals)
– Nutrient recommendations for optimal (economical)
performance for each animal species, animal category
and specific production goals that are validated under
practical circumstances
©2004-2012 Schothorst Feed Research. All rights reserved
3
DE, ME and Net Energy systems for pigs
starch
protein
fat
DE
17.5
(100)
20.6
(118)
35.3
(202)
ME
17.5
(100)
18.0
(103)
35.3
(202)
NE
14.4
(100)
10.2
(71)
31.5
(219)
Heat production (MJ/kg)
3.1
7.8
3.8
Heat prod/NE
0.22
0.76
0.12
Energy value (MJ/kg)
©2004-2012 Schothorst Feed Research. All rights reserved
Noblet, 1994
4
Formulating with NE versus ME reduces feed costs
and increases usage of synthetic amino acids
G/F feed cost -/0.9%
Wheat
ME (%)
NE (%)
40.00
40.00
Triticale
ME (g/kg)
NE (g/kg)
Crude protein
155
148
25.00
Crude fat
39
35
Barley
21.48
2.61
Starch
434
453
Maize
13.27
7.51
Crude fibre
37
34
Rapeseed meal
10.00
10.00
Soybean meal (47%)
7.58
4.18
Wheat middlings
3.10
Animal fat
1.90
1.67
L-lysine HCl
0.28
0.37
ME-INRA
12.92
12.83
L-Threonine
0.05
0.09
NE-INRA
9.75
9.75
L- Tryptophane
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0.01
5
Low versus high quality protein sources,
what’s cheap or expansive?
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6
Synthetic lysine, methionine, threonine and
tryptophan reduce crude protein content
Nutrient
synth lys =30%
synth thre
unrestricted
synth lys =30%
synth thre = 0%
synth lys = 0%
synth thre = 0%
€/ 100 kg (relative)
100%
101.5%
104.1%
C. Prot%
15.45
16.73
17.78
ID_st+su %
405.7
392.1
377.8
FCHO
131.1
135.5
140.0
iCPs
38.06
39.55
40.29
synth lys/AID lys %
30.0
16.5
0
synth meth/AID meth %
3.86
0.12
0
synth thre/AID thre %
0.13
0
0
©2004-2012 Schothorst Feed Research. All rights reserved
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Maize DDGS increases Crude Protein content and
decreases protein digestibility in G/F pig feeds
Maize DDGS %
Crude protein (g/kg)
0
5%
10%
155.00
161.02
165.72
8.48
16.47
40.46
41.23
10.59
20.79
-0.4%
-0.6%
% prot from maize DDGS
iCPs (g/kg)
38.13
%iCPs from maize DDGS
Feed costs €/100 kg (rel)
©2004-2012 Schothorst Feed Research. All rights reserved
100%
8
Price /usage rate fle xibility Maize DDGS Sept. 2012
25
U s a ge ra te
20
Dairy
15
Pigs
Gest. Sows
10
Layer
Broiler finis her
5
0
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
Price €/100 kg
©2004-2012 Schothorst Feed Research. All rights reserved
35
36
37
38
9
CProt and Lysine content Hipro SBM by origin
G.G. Mateos, 2011
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Value (€/100 kg) of 4-5% nutrient variation of
Hipro SBM in feed formulations
Swine
Layer
Broiler
+ 100 Cal
1.03
1.59
2.26
+ 4% dig AA
0.99
0.17
0.21
+ 100 Cal + 4% dig AA
2.03
1.77
2.47
+/- 0.1 g/kg dig P
0.02
0.03
0.04
Hipro SBM € 54.20/100 kg, September 2012 NL
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Diet concentration in relation to feed cost
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Diet concentration and feed cost
1. If feed intake is solely based on caloric consumption =>
diet concentration can be altered, within a certain range,
with a fixed nutrient/NE ratio
2. Diet concentration increases Crude Protein and Crude
Fat content and decreases Starch and Sugar content =>
pellet quality might decrease
3. At lower diet concentration Fermentable Carbohydrate
(FCHO) concentration will increase => increased gut fill
and hind gut fermentation
4. Maximum FCHO-concentration is dependant on GIT
maturity, breed and environment
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Diet concentration and feed cost
– At lower diet (nutrient) concentration use of low energy,
high fiber by-products is increased => attractive if byproducts are cheap in relation to grains
– At high (nutrient) concentration relative more energy is
derived from fat and less from starch (and FK) =>
attractive if fat &oil prices are low in relation to grains
– At high (nutrient) concentration relative more high quality
protein sources and synthetic amino acids are used =>
unattractive if protein rich feedstuffs are relative expansive
©2004-2012 Schothorst Feed Research. All rights reserved
14
Nutrient composition in relation to diet
concentration
Kcal NE
2100
2153
2205
2258
2310
2363
2415
€/ 100kcal NE
12.34
12.33
12.37
12.42
12.50
12.61
12.72
CProt
15.48
15.43
15.5
15.65
15.84
16.02
16.21
CFat
2.02
1.86
2.03
2.44
3.32
4.33
5.34
Starch + Sugars
41.39
43.97
45.41
46.61
46.22
45.19
44.15
FCHO
14.39
13.28
12.58
11.3
10.78
10.82
10.86
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Feed cost in relation to diet concentration
€/ 100k cal NE
13.10
13.00
12.90
12.80
12.70
NL G/F pig feeds
Low Energy
2200 kcal NE,
High Energy
2300-2350
12.60
12.50
12.40
12.30
12.20
2050
2150
2250
2350
2450
Feedstuff prices of August 2012 for the Netherlands
©2004-2012 Schothorst Feed Research. All rights reserved
16
Optimal AID/SID Amino Acid content of
Grower/Finisher Pig feeds in relation to
technical performance, carcass characteristics
and profitability (SFR meta-analyses)
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Reduction SID/AID amino acid content
SID/AID AA/NE-Swine
-15% -10%
-5%
CTRL
Crude protein (g/kg)
-1.84
-1.23
-0.62
14.50 +0.50 +0.92 +1.34
Crude fat (g/kg)
-0.65
-0.44
-0.23
2.89
+0.24 +0.34 +0.43
Starch (g/kg)
+2.8
+1.9
0
+0.97
46.04
-1.16
Crude fiber (g/kg)
-0.18
-0.14
-0.07
3.75
+0.07 +0.04 +0.02
Feed cost1 (€/100 kg)
-1.07
-0.72
-0.36
27.57 +0.43 +0.87 +1.31
Feed cost (% of CTRL) -3.88
-2.61
-1.31
0
+5%
+10% +15%
-1.82
-2.48
+1.56 +3.16 +4.75
1Based
on feedstuff prices of July 2012. The costs of additives are excluded. Total synthetic lysine
content was limited to 35% of AID lys.
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Pig performance (G/F 40-110 kg) and carcass
characteristics by reducing AID/SID AA
SID/AID AA/NE-Swine
-15%
-10%
-5%
CTRL
+5%
+10%
+15%
Feed intake (kg/d)
0.01
0.01
0.01
2.52
-0.01
-0.02
-0.04
-5.00
911.00
+2.00
0
-5.00
ADG, 40-110 kg (g/d)
-26.00 -14.00
FCR
0.09
0.05
0.02
2.78
-0.01
-0.02
-0.02
No days (40-110 kg)
+2.26
+1.20
+0.42
76.84
-0.17
0
+0.42
Total feed consumption (kg/pig)
+6.30
+3.50
+1.40
194.60
-0.70
-1.40
-1.40
Energy- conversion (E-Swine®)2
0.10
0.06
0.02
2.98
-0.02
-0.02
-0.02
Meat (%)
-0.67
-0.43
-0.21
54.90
0.19
0.37
0.54
Dressing (%)
0.17
0.12
0.06
77.20
-0.06
-0.12
-0.18
-0.011
3.08
+0.004
0
-0.011
Cycles per year1
1Cycles
-0.058 -0.031
per year = 360/ (40 days starter and cleaning period + number of days growing-finishing period)
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Economic effect reduction SID/AID AA
SID/AID AA/NE-Swine
-15%
-10%
-5%
CTRL
+5%
+10%
+15%
Total feed cost1 (€/pig)
-0.41
-0.46
-0.32
53.65
+0.64
+1.30
+2.15
Total feed costs (% CTRL)
-0.76
-0.86
-0.59
0
+1.19
+2.42
+4.01
Meat price2 (€/ pig)
-0.55
-0.64
+0.11
138.42
-0.11
-0.22
-0.32
Meat price (% CTRL)
-0.79
-0.46
+0.08
0
-0.08
-0.16
-0.23
Margin per pig3 (€/pig)
-0.14
-0.18
+0.43
+84.77
-0.75
-1.52
-2.47
Margin/loss per pig (% CTRL)
-0.17
-0.21
+0.51
0
-0.88
-1.79
-2.91
Margin per pig place (€/pig)
-5.34
-3.18
+0.39
261.09
-1.97
-4.68
-8.51
Margin per pig place (% CTRL)
-2.05
-1.22
+0.15
0
-0.75
-1.79
-3.26
1Feed
costs 40-110 kg, 2Meat Price Carcass weight * € 1.65, 3Margin = feed costs – meat price
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Digestible
Lys,g/EW
g/MJ NE
dv lysine,
Multi phase feeding (3- phase compared to 2phase) saves about € 1.00 per pig on feed costs
requirement
behoefte
20
40
2-phase
2-fasen
60
80
3-phase
3-fasen
100
120
Bodygewicht,
weight, kg
kg
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Liquid by-products
– Mainly Wheat starch (190K d.m.), Wheat Yeast
Concentrate (180K*50% pigs), Potato peelings (85K) and
Whey (50K)
– On farm usage, require large investment in storage tanks
and mixing equipment, transportation costs high =>
Southern part of the Netherlands
– Requires high turn over => large G/F pig and sow
operations
– Variability in chemical composition high and nutritional
quality/digestibility not well researched => complement
feed?!
– Prices liquid by-products follow conventional feedstuff
market => savings marginally
©2004-2012 Schothorst Feed Research. All rights reserved
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Conclusions
– Use of a Net Energy together with a digestible amino acid
system reduces feed costs and predicts technical
performance better
– The effect of a lower protein and energy digestibility of low
quality protein sources on feed costs and gut health needs
to be considered
– At current feedstuff prices formulating less concentrated
pig (Grower -Finisher) feeds with a lower (Net) energy
content is a more viable option than reducing the
digestible amino acid content (in relation to the energy
content).
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Thanks for your attention
[email protected]
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