P- Block Elements
Reaction of acids with(a) Metals
(1) Mg ,Mn + dil. HNO3
Metal Nitrate + H2
→
(2) Pb,Cu,Ag,Hg +dil.HNO3 → Metal Nitrate + NO
(3) Fe,Zn + dil.HNO3
→ Metal Nitrate + N2O
(4) Zn,Fe,Cu,Pb,Ag + con. HNO3 → Metal Nitrate + NO2
(5) Cu + con. H2SO4
→ CuSO4 + SO2 + 2H2O
(b) Non metals
(1) I2 + 10 HNO3
2HIO3 +10 NO2 +4H2O
→
(2) C + 4 HNO3
CO2 +2H2O +4NO2
→
(3) S8 + 48 HNO3 (conc .) → 8H2SO4 +48 NO2 +16 H2O
(4) P4 + 20 HNO3 (conc.) →
4H3PO4 +20 NO2 +4H2O
(5) 3 S + 2H2SO4 (conc.)
→
3SO2 +2H2O
(6) C +2H2SO4
→
CO2 +2SO2 +2H2O
(C ) Compounds
(1) Ca3P2 + 6HCl
(2)
C12H22O11
(3)
CaF2 + H2SO4
→
+ ( conc.) H2SO4 →
→
(4) Na2CO3 + 2HCl
(5)
3CaCl2 + 2PH3
MnO2 + 4HCl
12C +11H2O
CaSO4 + 2HF
→
2NaCl + H2O +CO2
→
MnCl2 + Cl2 +2H2O
(6) 2NaCl + 2H2SO4 + MnO2 →
Na2SO4 + MnSO4 + 2H2O + Cl2
Reaction of bases with:(a)Non – Metals
(1) P4 + 3NaOH +3H2O
→
PH3 +3NaH2PO2
[ Inert atmos. Of CO2]
(2) Cl2 + 2NaOH →
NaCl + NaOCl + H2O
(3) 3Cl2 + ( hot conc.)6 NaOH → 5NaCl + NaClO3 +3H2O
(4) 2Cl2 + 2Ca (OH)2 → Ca(OCl)2 + CaCl2 +2H2O
(b) Compounds
(1) 3NH4OH +2 FeCl3
→ Fe2O3 . x H2O(s) + 3NH4Cl
Brown ppt.
(2)
2NH4OH + ZnSO4
→
Zn(OH)2 +( NH4)2SO4
White ppt.
(3)
2NH4OH + CuSO4 →
Cu(OH)2 +( NH4)2SO4 →
.
blue ppt.
(4)
2NH4OH + AgCl
→
White ppt.
[Ag(NH3)2]Cl +2H2O
colourless
Hydrolysis
(1) Ca3P2 + 6H2O
→
(2) PCl3+ 3H2O
→
(3) PCl5 + 4H2O
→
3Ca(OH)2 +2PH3
H3PO3 + 3HCl
H3PO4 + 5HCl
(4) 2XeF2 + 2H2O →
2Xe + 4HF + O2
(5) 6XeF4 + 12H2O
→
4Xe + 2XeO3 + 24HF +3O2
(6)
XeF6 + 3H2O
→
XeO3 + 6HF
(7)
Partial hydrolysis(a) XeF6 + H2O →
XeOF4 + 2HF
(b) XeF6 + 2H2O → XeO2F2 + 4HF
[Cu(NH3)4]SO4 +4H2O
blue soln.
d-block and f- block Elements
Preparation of K2Cr2O7 from Chromite ore
4FeCr2O4 + 8Na2CO3 + 7O2 → 8Na2CrO4+ 2Fe2O3 +8CO2
2Na2CrO4 + H2SO4 → Na2Cr2O7 + Na2SO4 + H2O
Na2Cr2O7 + 2KCl
[2Cr2O42- + 2H+
→ K2Cr2O7 + 2NaCl
Cr2O72- +H2O]
→
Yellow
orange
Preparation of KMnO4 from pyrolusite ore
2MnO2 + 4KOH + O2
3MnO42- + 4H+
→ 2K2MnO4 + 2H2O
→
2MnO4- +MnO2 + 2H2O
Oxidising reactions of K2Cr2O7
Reduction half reaction
Cr2O72- + 14 H+ + 6e- → 2Cr3+ + 7H2O
Oxidation half reactions
(1) 6I-
→ 3 I2 + 6e-
(2) 3Sn2+ → 3Sn4+ + 6e(3) 3S2-
→ 3S + 6e-
(4)
6Fe2+ → 6Fe3+ + 6e-
(5)
3C2O42- →
6CO2 + 6e-
Oxidising reactions of KMnO4
In acid medium
Reduction half reaction
MnO4- + 8H+ + 5e- → Mn 2+ + 4H2O
Oxidation half reactions
(1) 5Fe2+
→ 5Fe3+ + 5e-
(2) 5C2O42- → 10 CO2 + 10e(3) 10 I- → 5 I2 + 10e(4) 5 S2- → 5 S + 10e………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..