Electric Mobility in
France
Electric Vehicle Landscape Analysis
Steve Colling, Sanna Tuononen, Raisa Salo
Paris, December 2010
Contents
• Introduction
• Value Chain
• Vehicles
• Services
• Infrastructures
• Government Role
• Clusters
• Conclusions
• Recommendations
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Introduction
• France is the second largest car manufacturer in
Europe
• The automotive sector is thus of considerable
importance to the French economy
• It represents close to 10% of the jobs in the manufacturing
and energy industries
• With its €5 billion R&D budget each year, it is the biggest
R&D spender, representing alone around 17% of the total
• It makes more than 12% of France exports
• In addition to car manufacturers there are lot of
suppliers as well – the biggest French ones are
Faurecia and Valeo
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Introduction
•
•
The French car manufacturers are seen as forerunners
in the electric vehicle sector in Europe
In France, there will be supply
• Between Q4 2010 and Q1 2011 French OEMs shall launch 8 new
electric cars
• Between Q3 2011 and Q3 2012 Renault will launch 4 new electric
cars, developed in partnership with Nissan. After repackaging
Mitsubishi’s cars, PSA is expected to deliver its own EV in 2013
• In total, Renault and PSA should be able to sell 60 000 electric cars
in 2011-2012
•
There will (hopefully) be enough charging stations
• By 2015, 900 000 private and 75 000 public charging points are
expected to be installed. And by 2020 the figures should reach, 4
million private and 400 000 public
• Several legal measures have been passed to oblige construction
firms to install charging points in parking lots (starting in 2012), and
then all companies to equip the parking lots of their offices (by
2015). 1 250 public charging stations should be installed by 2012 in
about 20 cities, requiring a 60 million € investment
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Introduction
• But, will there be demand?
• Till 2012 the French government offers a 5 000 € check to
each private customer of a vehicle producing less than 60g
of CO2
• 20 large private and public companies have gathered to
place an order of 50 000 electric vehicles with a 150 km
minimum autonomy, with deliveries starting in 2011. The
action was coordinated by the Ministry of Environment
• Starting in the end of 2011, Avis will be making Renault
electric vehicles available for rent through its outlets in
Europe as part of its green fleet. The pre-order is for 500
EVs
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• Introduction
• Value chain
• Vehicles
• Services
• Infrastructures
• Government role
• Clusters
• Conclusions
• Recommendations
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Value chain overview
Compared to traditional automotive industry, the services and
infrastructures have a very important role in the EV sector
Vehicles
9 electric car
OEMs
Services
electric
passenger
cars
Renault, PSA, Ligier, Venturi,
Heuliez, Eco&Mobilité, Bolloré,
FAM Automobiles, Lumeneo
electric
LCV
battery and EV
components
Batteries: Batscap, RenaultNissan, Saft, Dow Kokam
Other: PVI, Valeo
Renault trucks
PVI
Gruau
Car dealers
Mobility
operators
Freshmile
Veolia
VULog
Total
EDF
Vinci
electric
trucks
3 electric bus &
truck OEMs
OEM’s
Norauto
Charging station
operators
Veolia, SNCF,
Suez, Keolis
Transport &
logistic firms
Infrastructures
Utility firms
DBT
Schneider Electric
Legrand
EDF
charging station
OEMs
Concession &
construction
firms
Vinci
electric
buses
IT Solutions
Government subsidies for
R&D and EV purchases
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Government investments
and sponsored projects
7
• Introduction
• Value chain
• Vehicles
• Services
• Infrastructures
• Government role
• Clusters
• Conclusions
• Recommendations
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9 electric car OEMs
• Traditional car manufacturers
• PSA Peugeot Citroën (in partnership with Mitsubishi)
• Renault (Nissan)
• Coachbuilder
• Heuliez
• EV specialists
• Eco&Mobilité
• Lumeneo
• FAM Automobiles
• Venturi (PSA)
• Other
• Bolloré (Pininfarina, Cecomp)
• Ligier
(OEM partner in brackets)
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2 main players
• Renault
• CEO Carlos Ghosn believes electric cars will represent 10%
of global car demand in 2020 (i.e. 6 million vehicles). It
invests on its upcoming EV and multiplies strategic
partnerships for batteries and infrastructures R&D
• Thanks to its alliance with Nissan, Renault can capitalize on
its partner’s experience, know-how and its joint venture with
NEC for batteries (AESC)
• Plans to launch 3 EVs by the end of 2011
• PSA Peugeot Citroën
• Far less enthusiastic about EVs, and therefore more
cautious with its investments. Invests rather in fuel cell
research (with CEA Liten) and hybrid vehicles
• Will launch 2 EVs end of 2010, both based on the I-MIEV by
Mitsubishi
• Plans to produce its own EV model by 2013, and to
manufacture 100 000 EVs by 2015
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Case Eco&Mobilité
• SME who positions itself as a small car producer in the EV sector
• Concentrated wholly on producing EVs: SimplyCity Sun already
available, and SimplyCity SC4P goes on sale in 2011
• Principal motives for producing EV came from the demand of public
collectivities, their main customers, for using sustainable
development, renouvable energies and ecological solutions in cars
• R&D realised wholly inside the company in their R&D unit (10
persons) with some outside cooperation
• Doing tests with several Lithium battery and motor producers
(national and international)
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Case Lumeneo
• SME in the automobile industry, member of Mov’eo (see the
Clusters section)
• Concentrated wholly on producing EVs using their own patented
”Moulene Concept”
• First model Smera presented in 2008; concept of their second
model Neoma presented in 2010
• Main investor is SNCF
• Principal motives for producing EVs came both from the interest
and know-how inside the company and from the customer studies
• Invests considerably in R&D inside the company
• Developed own motor model and is doing tests with several Lithium
battery producers (using Kokam batteries in Smera)
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Case FAM Automobiles
• Technological partner (engineering, components) of several car
manufacturers in France (Peugeot, Citroën, Renault) and abroad (e.g.
Fiat, BMW, Chevrolet)
• Started own car manufacturing in 2004
• Positions itself as a small car producer in the EV sector
• Presented the prototype of ”F-City” (urban EV) in 2008 - the serial
production and commercialisation launched in 2010
• Electric scooter under development at the moment
• Around 30 % of turnover comes from the EVs – expectations are
around 60 % in the near future
• R&D realised mostly inside the company, also some partnerships
such as with Pôle Véhicule du Futur (see the Clusters section) and
the University of Technology Belfort-Montbéliard
• Batteries for the EV comes from Saft (France) and
the motors from ABM (Germany)
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EV launch planning
Citroen Belingo
Renault Twizy
Ligier Be Sun
Eco&Mobi SimplyCity
Citroen C-Zéro
Peugeot iOn
Renault Zoé
2010
Q1
2010
Q2
2010
Q3
Bolloré Blue Car
2010
Q4
2011
Q1
2011
Q3
2012
Q3
2013
Renault Fluence
Peugeot BB1
Venturi Eclectic
FAM F-City
Lumeneo Smera
Heuliez Mia
Renault Kangoo
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EV launch planning
• Aside from the Peugeot BB1 which is still at a
concept-car stage, all the models presented seem
to be ready for commercial phase
• Battery and component suppliers have already
been selected for the scheduled launches in 20102011
• Renault has concluded partnerships based on joint R&D
projects with all the key suppliers
• Renault is also very involved in the construction of loading
station networks, working closely with utilities and
supermarket chains (Leclerc Centers)
• 2011 and 2012 will be a period of test for the EVs
value propositions
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EV per category
Only the two main car manufacturers, Renault and
PSA, are able to produce EVs in many different
categories
Renault
PSA
Heavy
quadricycle
Microcar
Passenger
cars
Twizy Z.E.
Concept
FAM
Be Sun
Proline
F-City
Peugeot
BB1
Small
family
Zoé Z.E
Large
family
Fluence
Z.E
Kangoo
Express
Z.E.
Heuliez
Eco&
Mobilité
Lumeneo
Simply
City
Mia
Peugeot
iOn /
Citroën CZéro
City car
Light Commercial
Vehicles (LCV)
Ligier
Venturi
Bolloré
Eclectic
Smera
Neoma
Blue Car
Citroën
Berlingo
First
Electrique
Vehicle as a service
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Bus & trucks OEMs
• Bus
• Partnership between PVI (coachbuilder), Bolloré (Batscap
batteries and super capacitators) and ESIEE (engineer
school)
• Partnership between Gruau (coachbuilder) and Bolloré for
Microbus Gruau, specialized in microbuses
• Truck
• Partnership between PVI, Renault Trucks and EDF
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Battery manufacturers
• There are four major companies who are
manufacturing the batteries to the EVs in France
• Batscap
• Subsidiary of Bolloré, a diversified industrial company that also
developed its own EV with first Paninfarina then with Cecomp
• Batscap manufactures lithium batteries and supercapacitors for the
automotive, defense and stationary markets
• Teamed up with Gruau to produce electric buses
• Dow Kokam
• International company developing and manufacturing battery
solutions for transportation, defense, industrial and medical
industries. The French company Groupe Dassault is among the
three owners
• Set up a plant in France that will start mass production of EV
batteries in November 2010
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Battery manufacturers
• Saft Group
• World's leading designer, developer and manufacturer of advanced
technology batteries for industrial and defense applications
• Its joint venture with the American Johnson Controls (JC-S)
develops and manufactures Li-ion batteries for hybrid and electric
cars. R&D and production take place near Bordeaux
• JC-S will supply batteries for Mercedes and BMW’s hybrid models,
and for upcoming VW electric vehicles
• Joint venture Renault-Nissan/CEA/FSI
• CEA is the research center for atomic energy with an entire unit
dedicated to new energy sources (Liten). FSI is a public investment
bank
• By mid 2012, the joint venture will start manufacturing EV batteries.
The plant, based in Flins (close to Paris) will have a production
capacity of 100 000 batteries per year
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• Introduction
• Value Chain
• Vehicles
• Services
• Infrastructures
• Government Role
• Clusters
• Conclusions
• Recommendations
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Car dealers
•
Many big automotive industry operators
are developing different services for electric vehicles
•
Mobivia Group
• A key international player and European leader in multi-brand vehicle serving
and parts;
• Vehicle repair and servicing
• Creating and retailing parts and accessories
• Creating and retailing services linked to motoring use
• Has 6 different brands: Norauto, Auto 6, Midas, Carter Cash, Maxauto, Synchro
Diffusion
• Shareholding in new innovating companies : The Green Cove Ingénierie
company (carpooling solutions), Moving Car (Car hiring services without a
license) and Sinéo (Car washing without water)
• In July 2010; launch of a new company 02 City, which role is developing new
electronic mobility solutions in France:
• Distributing a range of multi-brand electric vehicles
• Financing packaged solutions (purchase or hire) that could include
insurance
• Maintenance and after-sales service
• Distributing charging stations and charging solutions
• O2 City will distribute an exclusive range of electric vehicles in Norauto centers
from September 2010 (vehicles manufactured by Think, Reva-Mahindra and
FAM Automobiles)
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Mobility Operators
•
•
Freshmile
• An association created by DBT (electric vehicle charging stations
manufacturer) and Novae Energies (a renewable energy plant developer)
that will unite stakeholders to develop a local solution with mobility
technology 2.0.
• One of the first European operators of clean and sustainable mobility,
Freshmile rolls out the technical infrastructure and the commercial offer that
will allow a shift towards Car 2.0.; They build the charging infrastructure and
provide the necessary tracking services for easy use of electric vehicles
• Freshmile in focusing its actions to the business travel market (corporate
fleets and car sharing) offering the service with geolocation, assistance and
charging infrastructure.
• Members are currently FAM Automobiles (F-City), Saft, VULog, Mondial
Assistance and SNCF
Veolia Transport
• International transport service division of the French-based multinational
company Veolia Environnement
• Providing public-transport services (tramway, bus network, tourist railway
and ferry services) in France
• Very active in electric vehicles business:
• On of the tender in Autolib’ project in Paris (electric vehicles in car
sharing service, see Case Autolib’)
• The subsidiary of Veolia Transport, Proxiway, is the provider of the
Yélomobile service in La Rochelle (see Case Yélomobile)
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Mobility operators
• Vulog
• Develops software for electric vehicles fleet management.
Specifically, the company creates computer software and
provides services for urban mobility.
• Since 3 years they are testing their solutions in Antibes, with
their on-demand car-sharing service “Cité Vu”.
• Working in partnership for example with EFFEDI, FAM
automobile, SNCF and Clean Energy Planet
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Charging stations operators
• Total
• One of the world's major oil and gas groups operating in
more than 130 countries
• Participation to the SAVE project (see Case SAVE
Experiment) and installing charging points to some TOTAL
stations in Paris suburban
• Leclerc and Unibail Rodamco (large distribution
chains)
• Working in partnership with Renault-Nissan to equip their
parking lots with charging stations
• Leclerc is planning to install 50 stations during 2011, 150 till
the end of 2012, and 500 stations by 2015
• Unibail Rodamco’s plan is to equip all of its 96 shopping
centres with charging stations till the end of 2012
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Transport and logistic firms
• SNCF
• French National Railway Corporation
• One of the tenders for Autolib’ project with AVIS, Vincipark
and RATP (see Case Autolib’)
• Planning to install charging points to the railway stations
• Keolis
• The largest private sector French transport group (primary
owned by SNCF) and operator of tramways, bus networks,
funiculars, trolley buses and airport services (major publictransport provider)
• Is using electric vehicles in shuttle service ex. in Lyon and
Bordeaux
• Work in partnership for example with EFFIA (Service
provider for public transport)
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Car sharing service in France
•
•
•
•
•
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Car sharing service is already
used in all main cities in France,
but in most cases the cars are
not yet electric
However, the trend is more and
more towards the use of electric
vehicles in order to improve the
quality of the air in the city
centers
Service is often public – private
partnership including different
operators
Service (with electric vehicles) in
use:
• Yélomobile, La Rochelle (see Case
Yélomobile)
• Cité Vu, Antibes
Future projects :
• Autolib’, Paris 2011 (see Case
Autolib’)
• Autos bleues, Nice 2011
• Mopy, Neuilly-sur-Seine
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Case Yélomobile – La Rochelle
• 1999 first self-service electric cars in use under the name Liselec
• Since 2006 the service is provided by the company PROXIWAY
(part of the group Veolia Transport)
• May 2010 La Rochelle grouped together all the mobility services of
the city (Bus, bicycle, taxi, train, ferry, shuttle and carpool service)
under the name of Yélo. At the same time Liselec became
Yélomobile and the service was improved (geolocation and online
services)
• Today Yélomobile service has 450 users, 50 electric cars (Peugeot
106 and Citroën Saxo), 7 stations. 93 % of the users are individuals
and 7 % professionals
• 2011: 6 new stations and renewal of the fleet
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Case Autolib’- Paris Region
•
•
•
•
•
Project of electric cars free sharing service in Paris Region 2011;
First big European metropolis to create a self-service electric cars
service
In the beginning the service will include 3 000 electric cars and
1 000 recharge stations
Invitation to tender launched by Syndicate of Île-de-France region
and 27 other communities -> decision will be made end of 2010
The winning bidder, a private operator, will not only build the
infrastructure but also operate the program (infrastructure,
maintenance, renewal of properties, insurance and Client relations
service, logistic, Software /IT) — and will be responsible for finding
a manufacturer to supply the electric cars
4 candidates in the final session:
• 4 city (Avis, RATP, SNCF, VinciPark) with Smart
• ADA with Citroën Czero
• Bolloré with Bluecar
• Veolia Transport with Peugeot iOn
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• Introduction
• Value Chain
• Vehicles
• Services
• Infrastructures
• Government Role
• Clusters
• Conclusions
• Recommendations
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Utility firms
• EDF
• Leading electricity producer and distributor, operating the world’s
largest nuclear plant pool. It produces virtually all the electricity in
France
• Through its Transportation and Electric Vehicle unit, it is involved in
several EV projects:
• Partnership with Renault to operate a mobility operator service
via Renault reseller networks, based on revenue share. A
similar project is under way with PSA
• Partnership with Toyota to test its electric Prius in Strasbourg.
The test started in 2007 and involves 100 vehicles and 150
charging stations
• Participation to SAVE project (see Case SAVE Experiment)
• GDF Suez
• Specialized in liquefied natural gas, energy efficiency services,
independent power production and environmental services
• No project yet, has ordered EVs, and maybe future entrant
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Case EDF and car makers
•
•
EDF wants to position itself as the specialist of charging station installation and
energy supplier
• Signed co-operation agreements with PSA, Renault, Toyota and BMW to
test loading stations in 14 for electric and hybrid vehicles
• Represent the largest test of li-ion batteries ever conducted
• Loading points in public area cost around 5 to 6000 €. Faster versions
would cost 8 to 9 times more
• Standard loading stations for 4 vehicles to be installed in Paris will be
230V / 63A
• For fast loading, cables should be able to supply 43 kW in ½ an hour
Igor Czerny is the director of the Transport and Electric Vehicle at EDF:
• He sees rechargeable hybrid cars representing 2/3 of the electric vehicle
market
• There should be around 500 000 electric vehicles in France by 2015
(counting both hybrid and fully electric vehicles) and 2 million by 2020
• They would require 1% of the current electric generation
• But, it would create some new grid management issues, regarding the time
of peak consumption
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Charging station OEMs
• DBT
• SME manufacturing energy supply units for public spaces
and recharging units for EVs
• Has equipped the city of Strasbourg with 150 charging
stations for the trial of electric Toyota Yaris. EDF is also part
of the project
• Schneider Electric / Legrand
• Both are global specialists of electrical infrastructure
• They teamed up with the Italian company Scame to create
the EV Plug Alliance
• “EV Plug Alliance aims to promote the use of a high
safety plug and socket solution for Electric Vehicle
charge infrastructure”, i.e. to set a standard in Europe for
charging stations
• In May 2010 Gewiss, Marechal Electric, Radiall, Vimar,
Weidmüller France & Yazaki Europe joined the Alliance
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Concession & construction
• Vinci
• Leading infrastructure construction and concession firm.
Being Europe’s 1st motorway operator and the country’s 1st
parking lot operator, it will play a key role in the development
of EV infrastructure
• Among its parking lots, 19 in Paris and 24 in the rest of the
countries are already equipped with charging stations
• It is among the companies that have placed the first order of
50 000 EVs
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• Introduction
• Value chain
• Vehicles
• Services
• Infrastructures
• Government Role
• Clusters
• Conclusions
• Recommendations
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Government & automotive
• Local and national authorities are actively
supporting the automotive industry by all means
available
• In addition to subsidies and sponsored projects, the
government has encouraged the creation of
automotive clusters to foster the competitiveness
of the industry
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Government role - Players
• National entities
• Ministry for Ecology, Sustainable Development and Spatial
Planning (MEDAD)
• Finances the 5 000 € subsidy to each buyer of a new
electric car (for private customers only)
• Sets legal standards and formulates technical
recommendations for EV infrastructures
• Finances EV projects through calls for bids via ADEME
• ADEME & PREDIT
• ADEME is the Environment and Energy Management
Agency, under the joint supervision MEDAD and the
ministry for Higher Education and Research
• Its Transport and Mobility department finances some EV
R&D projects via the program of research,
experimentation and innovation in land transport
(PREDIT)
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Government role - Players
• In 2009, PREDIT selected 11 EV projects to be financed,
totaling a 56,9 million € investment. New projects will be
selected in 2010 for a 50 million € budget
• Fonds Stratégique d’Investissement (FSI)
• State-controlled fund providing loans and investments to
companies innovative R&D projects
• Involved with Gruau for its electric trucks and the
Renault-Nissan-CEA joint venture to develop and
manufacture batteries
• Local administrations
• Conseils Régionaux, Conseils Généraux, Communautés
urbaines, d’agglomérations and communes are involved in
EV infrastructure projects
• They also contribute to stimulate the EV demand by
equipping their own fleet and by initiating car-sharing
projects such as Autolib’
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• Introduction
• Value Chain
• Vehicles
• Services
• Infrastructures
• Government Role
• Clusters
• Conclusions
• Recommendations
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Clusters working on EV
• There are 4 clusters working on EV projects:
• Mov’eo
• Pôle Véhicule du Futur
• IDforCAR
• Lyon Urban Truck&Bus
• All developed partnerships with each other as well
as with local and international automotive related
clusters.
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Mov’eo
• Set up in 2006 in a territory gathering 70% of
automotive R&D, now with 292 members
• Including 75 large corporations (incl. PSA & Renault), 134
SMEs, 38 research centers
• Generated 203 projects representing €660 million
in R&D investments
• 91 of these projects received state subsidies totaling €160
million
• 7 research themes:
• Mobility solutions
• Road Safety
• Demonstration and Low CO2 Vehicles
• Vehicles Environmental Impact
• Energy Storage Systems
• Mechatronics Systems
• ICE Powertrain
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Mov’eo
• Cluster’s projects and financing open to all companies with a
R&D team based in France, with competencies in at least
one of the 7 research areas
• To join the cluster a company must either present a project
to which current members can participate, or have the
required resources / skills to work on an open project or a
call for project
• Mov’eo is also open to co-operation with other related
clusters in the EU. Developing partnerships from the
following countries are a priority: Germany, Austria, Sweden,
Netherlands and Italy
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Pôle Véhicule du Futur
• Set up in 2005, now with 200 members
• Among them, 60 large corporations, 110 SMEs and 18 R&D
centers and universities
• Sponsored 130 projects, including 64 receiving a
total of €154 million of state funds
• Projects focus themes:
• Smart Driving Systems
• Urban Mobility Solutions
• Urban Vehicles
• Durable Technologies for Terrestrial Transportations
• Non-Technological and Training Projects
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IDforCAR
• Set up in 2009, now with 107 members
• Including 43 large corporations (including PSA and Valeo),
24 SMEs and 33 R&D centers and universities
• Cluster originally set up in 2005 to focus on high end car
segment
• 21 sponsored projects
• Projects focus themes:
• Product engineering & Process for small volumes
• Vehicles components and materials
• Intelligent On-board Equipments
• Specific usages and Client value (i.e. niche vehicles)
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Lyon Urban Truck & Bus
• Set up in 2005, now with 132 members, initiated
mainly by Renault Trucks, Irisbus France and local
authorities from Lyon region
• Among members are 51 large corporations and 59 SMEs
• Works on 5 R&D programs for public transports and
urban transports of goods
• Engine and Power train
• Integrated Safety & Security
• Architecture & Comfort
• Transport System
• Mobility Modeling & Management
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Case SAVE Experiment (1/4)
• SAVE is an experiment for electric vehicles in the
Seine Aval area, around Versailles
• SAVE stands for Seine Aval Véhicules Electriques
• The area hosts Renault’s main R&D center and one of its
factory
• The project was launched on June 30th, 2010
• SAVE’s budget is 23 million €
• Mostly public money to build the infrastructure
• The objective are to:
• test various business models for electric vehicles for both
general and professional clients
• validate the technical choices made so far for the
infrastructures, the vehicles and the IT
• measure the actual carbon footprint of EVs
• gain experience in the deployment of loading infrastructure
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Case SAVE Experiment (2/4)
Players involved
Supplies 100
electric vehicles
to be tested in the
area
- Manages the
overall project
- Ensures public
financing
- Handles urban
planning and
contacts with
local
administrations
© Finpro
- Plans and
deploys 300
charging points
- Schneider
Electric shall
provide the
stations
- Total will finance
the installations in
its gas stations
46
Case SAVE Experiment (3/4)
Charging stations (CS) map
Parking CS
Shopping
centers CS
Fast CS
Administration
CS
Street CS
Infrastructure as of July 2010
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Case SAVE Experiment (4/4)
Schedule
• Vehicles
• Deliveries from January till July 2011
• Test period till July 2012
• Infrastructures
• Charging stations in private and corporate parking lots from
November 2010 till May 2011
• Fast charging stations to be installed from March till June 2011
• Road side charging stations to be installed starting in April 2011
Renault Fluence Z.E., Nissan LEAF and Renault Kangoo Express Z.E. shall be the 3 types of vehicules used for SAVE
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• Introduction
• Value Chain
• Vehicles
• Services
• Infrastructures
• Government Role
• Clusters
• Conclusions
• Recommendations
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Conclusions
•
•
•
•
•
Given the current autonomy of the batteries and their charging time, all
the EV projects are for urban mobility
• More than the price, the autonomy of the electric vehicles is the
main barrier
State subsidies are essential to the commercial success of EV.
• In fact without them, EV would not be able to compete given their
current price, 2 times more expensive than a car from the same
category
Urban planning and transport are intertwined.
• Expensive and long-term investment decision are being made to
know how to adapt the environment to this new technology and its
constraints
Strategic alliances and clusters are essential to develop solutions
• However, big car makers, battery manufacturers and utilities are
working together, sharing the costs and the risk to develop the new
EV solutions
Business models and earning logics are still unclear and haven’t been
tested yet
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• Introduction
• Value Chain
• Vehicles
• Services
• Infrastructures
• Government Role
• Clusters
• Conclusions
• Recommendations
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Recommendations
• If Finnish companies want to benefit from the
development projects of electric vehicles in France,
they will have to invest in the country and build
partnerships with local players
• Finnish companies should also follow closely the
evolution in leading automotive countries like
France to be able to meet the needs of the new
transport solutions
• Finland’s assets may be found from the IT sector,
as new solutions will be needed to manage the
interaction between the vehicles and their new
environment
• Smart grid systems and lithium recycling capacity
will also be key elements to the industry
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