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Review Topic 1: History
Name: Score: 10 / 10 points (100%)
Review Topic 1: History
Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
B 1. The understanding that the position of an electron in an electron cloud cannot precisely be determined
was developed by Werner Heisenberg and is known as the —
a. planetary model
c. quantum theory
b. uncertainty principle
d. first atomic theory
ANSWER: B
planetary model ­ Bohr
uncertainty principle ­ Heisenberg
quantum theory ­ Schrodinger
first atomic theory ­ Dalton
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B 2. Niels Bohr’s contribution to modern atomic theory was the proposition that —
a. each atom has a specific number of positive charges
b. an atom has electrons in discrete energy levels
c. electrons have a definite mass that can be computed
d. atomic mass is determined by the number of protons and neutrons in an atom
ANSWER: B
Bohr proposed the planetary model of the atom, which talks about how the electrons orbit the
nucleus like the planets orbit the sun in distinct pathways called orbitals
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D 3. Which of these conclusions can be drawn from Rutherford’s experiment?
a. Each atom contains electrons.
c. Each atom contains protons.
b. The nucleus of an atom can be split.
d. Atoms are mostly empty space.
ANSWER: D
This picture is showing that some of the beam is being deflecting to the sides,
but most of it is going straight through. This leads to the conclusions that:
1. There is a small dense object in the middle of the atom (that could deflect
the beam when hit but small enough that the beam will miss it most of the
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time)
2. The atom is mostly empty space because most of the beam pass straight
through the atom.
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D 4. Which scientist was the first to conclude through experimentation that atoms have positive charges in
their nuclei?
a. Bohr
b. Dalton
c. Mosley
d. Rutherford
ANSWER: D
Not only did the gold foil experiment give us that the atom is mostly empty
space, it also found the positive nucleus.
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D 5. Place the following models about the structure of the atom in the order that they were developed:
1. Planetary model
2. Quantum mechanical model
3. Solid sphere model
a. 1, 3, 2
b. 1, 2, 3
B 6. c. 2, 3, 1
d. 3, 1, 2
ANSWER: D
Dalton and Democritus came first with the solid sphere (fireball model)
(JJ Thomson ­ plum pudding)
(Rutherford ­ positive middle/electrons somewhere outside nucleus)
Bohr ­ planetary model
Schrodinger ­ electron cloud aka quantum mechanical model
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While English physicist J.J. Thomson was carrying out experiments on cathode rays, he
was able to determine that the rays consisted of particles he classed “corpuscles.” These
particles were later names­
a. protons
c. gamma rays
b. electrons
d. neutrons
ANSWER: B
J.J. Thomson discovered the electron using the cathode ray experiment; plus
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the diagram shows the particle leaving the negative side and being attracted to
the positive anode. Since electrons a negative, it can be concluded that the
particle is the electron.
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C 7. Using only one trial to collect data in an experiment ­
a. makes it easier to determine a valid conclusion
b. reduces the percent error in the results
c. causes the conclusion to be less reliable
d. requires data with more significant figures
ANSWER: C
Only having one trial is NOT advised because one cannot compare the results
to see if any sources of error occurred during the trial. As a result, the data and
the results cannot be truly trusted, thus making the conclusion less reliable.
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A 8. A student is studying the effects of several solutions on the prevention of the browning of
apples. The student used solutions having different pH values and immersed three apple
slices in equal volumes of the solutions. Which of these is the independent variable in this
investigation?
a. pH of solution
c. Number of apple slices
b. Shade of brown
d. Volume of solutions
ANSWER: A
I
The ndependent variable is what the scientist changes (put yourself in the
I
position of the scientist and ask what did change). In this case, I changed the
pH of the solution. Other part of the experiment review:
(The dependent variable is what changes because of the independent variable. In this case the shade of the apple changes because of the pH of the solution. Constants stay the same throughout the experiment; the number of apples and
volume of solution are constants. And a control is what we can set up to
compare our results to and is usually lacking the independent variable. In this
case, if we had an apple not in a solution or maybe a pH of 7 (neutral); that
would most likely be our control).
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D 9. Which of the following best describes why an experiment should be repeated?
a. To organize the data
c. To include another variable
b. To produce a variety of results
d. To verify the observed results
ANSWER: D
a­you could do this with only one set of points
b­hopefully your results will be similar
c­only one variable tested at a time, if you change the variable, you change the
experiment
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Multiple Response
Identify one or more choices that best complete the statement or answer the question.
10. Which of the following are organic compounds?
a.
d.
b.
e.
c.
RESPONSE: B,C
ANSWER: B,C
Organic compounds contain carbon, so it is the molecules with C in it.
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