FOR OFFICIAL USE
Total for
Sections B and C
X007/201
NATIONAL
QUALIFICATIONS
2007
BIOLOGY
MONDAY, 21 MAY
9.00 AM – 11.00 AM
INTERMEDIATE 2
Fill in these boxes and read what is printed below.
Full name of centre
Town
Forename(s)
Surname
Date of birth
Day Month Year
Scottish candidate number
Number of seat
SECTION A (25 marks)
Instructions for completion of Section A are given on page two.
For this section of the examination you must use an HB pencil.
SECTIONS B AND C (75 marks)
1
(a) All questions should be attempted.
(b) It should be noted that in Section C questions 1 and 2 each contain a choice.
2
The questions may be answered in any order but all answers are to be written in the
spaces provided in this answer book, and must be written clearly and legibly in ink.
3
Additional space for answers will be found at the end of the book. If further space is
required, supplementary sheets may be obtained from the invigilator and should be
inserted inside the front cover of this book.
4
The numbers of questions must be clearly inserted with any answers written in the
additional space.
5
Rough work, if any should be necessary, should be written in this book and then scored
through when the fair copy has been written. If further space is required, a
supplementary sheet for rough work may be obtained from the invigilator.
6
Before leaving the examination room you must give this book to the invigilator. If you do
not, you may lose all the marks for this paper.
LI X007/201 6/14970
*X007/201*
©
Read carefully
1 Check that the answer sheet provided is for Biology Intermediate 2 (Section A).
2 For this section of the examination you must use an HB pencil and, where necessary, an eraser.
3 Check that the answer sheet you have been given has your name, date of birth, SCN (Scottish
Candidate Number) and Centre Name printed on it.
Do not change any of these details.
4 If any of this information is wrong, tell the Invigilator immediately.
5 If this information is correct, print your name and seat number in the boxes provided.
6 The answer to each question is either A, B, C or D. Decide what your answer is, then, using
your pencil, put a horizontal line in the space provided (see sample question below).
7 There is only one correct answer to each question.
8 Any rough working should be done on the question paper or the rough working sheet, not on
your answer sheet.
9 At the end of the exam, put the answer sheet for Section A inside the front cover of this
answer book.
Sample Question
Plants compete mainly for
A
water, light and soil nutrients
B
water, food and soil nutrients
C
light, water and food
D light, food and soil nutrients.
The correct answer is A—water, light and soil nutrients. The answer A has been clearly marked in
pencil with a horizontal line (see below).
A
B
C
D
Changing an answer
If you decide to change your answer, carefully erase your first answer and using your pencil, fill in the
answer you want. The answer below has been changed to D.
A
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B
C
D
Page two
SECTION A
All questions in this Section should be attempted.
1.
Which structural feature is common to both
plant and animal cells?
4.
A Cell wall
B
The diagram below shows the results of an
investigation into the effect of different
antibiotics on a type of bacterium.
Chloroplast
E
C Nucleus
D Large central vacuole
2.
Which line in the table below correctly
matches the plant cell structure to its
function?
Plant cell
structure
3.
A
Cytoplasm
B
Cell wall
Keeps the cells turgid
C
Vacuole
Prevents the cell from
bursting in a
hypotonic solution
D
Cell
membrane
Controls which
molecules enter or
leave the cell
F
J
G
H
bacteria
growing
Function
Controls all the
chemical activities
D
antibiotic
in well
clear area
Which of the following conclusions can be
drawn from these results?
A These bacteria are resistant to antibiotic H.
B
Antibiotic D is the most effective
antibiotic against this type of bacterium.
C These bacteria are resistant to antibiotic D.
D This type of bacterium is resistant to all of
the antibiotics.
Once yoghurt has been produced it is stored in
a fridge.
5.
The animals present in a sample of leaf litter
were counted.
This is because
Animals
ground beetles
woodlice
slugs
centipedes
others
A bacterial growth is slowed down
B
it makes the yoghurt more creamy
C it causes lactose to change to lactic acid
D the taste of the yoghurt is improved.
Number in sample
10
35
5
10
10
What is the percentage of woodlice in the
sample?
A 35%
B
50%
C 65%
D 70%
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6.
The diagram below shows energy transfer
within a cell.
9.
Compound X
+ phosphate
Energy
Energy
Compound Y
The cylinders were reweighed after one hour.
The results are shown in the following table.
Cellular
processes
Mass of potato cylinder (g)
Salt solution
A
B
C
D
Which line of the table below identifies
correctly compounds X and Y?
X
Four cylinders of potato tissue were weighed
and each was placed into a salt solution of
different concentration.
Initial mass
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
Final mass
12.6
11.2
9.4
7.0
Y
A
glucose
ATP
B
glucose
ADP
C
ADP
ATP
D
ATP
glucose
In which salt solution would most potato cells
be plasmolysed?
10. An experiment was carried out to investigate
the growth of pea plants kept in a high light
intensity following germination.
The graph shows the average shoot length of
the pea plants.
7.
After running a race an athlete experienced
muscle fatigue.
200
Which of the following had increased in the
muscles?
160
A Glucose
B
Oxygen
Average 120
shoot
length
80
(mm)
C ATP
D Lactic acid
8.
Fermentation of sugar cane produces alcohol.
What is produced when this alcohol is mixed
with petrol?
40
A Biogas
B
0
Gasohol
0
C Methane
D Carbon dioxide
20
30
Time (days)
40
During which 5 day period is there the
greatest increase in average shoot length?
A Day 10 – 15
B
Day 15 – 20
C Day 20 – 25
D Day 25 – 30
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11. The diagram below shows part of a food web
in an oak woodland.
spiders
carnivorous
insects
blackbirds
caterpillars
aphids
slugs
14. The table below shows the relationship
between planting density and the mass of seed
harvested for a cereal crop trial.
Planting density
Mass of seed harvested
(number of plants per (grams per square
square metre)
metre)
oak trees
The use of insecticides in a nearby field
resulted in the deaths of most aphids and
caterpillars.
Number of
Number of
carnivorous insects
slugs
increases
decreases
B
decreases
stays the same
C
decreases
increases
D
increases
stays the same
60
8
86
15
105
32
77
128
21
What is the percentage increase in mass of
seed harvested as planting density increases
from 4 to 15 plants per square metre?
Which line in the table identifies correctly the
effects on the numbers of slugs and
carnivorous insects?
A
4
A
45%
B
75%
C
90%
D 105%
15. In humans, which of the following gametes
are not normally formed?
A An egg with an X chromosome
B
An egg with a Y chromosome
C A sperm with an X chromosome
12. The diagram below shows a pyramid of
biomass.
Z
D A sperm with a Y chromosome
16. The diagram below shows the same sections of
matching chromosomes found in four fruit
flies, A, B, C and D.
Y
X
Fly A
W
X represents the total mass of
Fly B
A producers
B
primary consumers
C predators
Fly C
D secondary consumers.
13. Which of the following describes correctly a
niche?
A The place where an organism lives
B
Fly D
The genes shown on the chromosomes can be
identified using the following key.
Organisms and their environments
C A population of organisms in an ecosystem
D The role of an organism in an ecosystem
Key
gene for striped body
gene for unstriped body
gene for normal antennae
gene for abnormal antennae
Which fly is homozygous for both genes?
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17. The diagram below shows a single villus from
the small intestine.
19. The diagram shows the apparatus used to
investigate the energy content of fat.
thermometer
lacteal
100 cm3 water
1 g burning fat
Which food molecules are absorbed into the
lacteal?
Which of the experiments shown below allows
a valid comparison to be made between the
energy content of fat and protein?
A Amino acids and glycerol
B
Glucose and amino acids
A
B
C Fatty acids and glycerol
D Amino acids and fatty acids
200 cm3
water
1 g burning
protein
18. Which line in the table below describes
correctly the changes in food due to digestion?
100 cm3
water
2 g burning
protein
Changes in food
A
B
C
D
Molecule size
decreases
decreases
increases
increases
Solubility
increases
decreases
decreases
increases
C
D
200 cm3
water
100 cm3
water
2 g burning
protein
1 g burning
protein
20. Bile is produced in the
A liver
B
gall bladder
C stomach
D small intestine.
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21. 100 g of baked beans contains 4.5 g of protein.
How many grams of beans would provide a
daily protein requirement of 81 g?
A
5.5 g
B
C
D
18 g
364.5 g
1800 g
22. One way that marine bony fish cope with
dehydration is
A producing dilute urine
B
24. Which line in the table below identifies
correctly how lymphocytes destroy bacteria?
Phagocytosis
Antibody production
A
yes
yes
B
yes
no
C
no
yes
D
no
no
25. The graph below shows the relationship
between the concentration of carbon dioxide
and oxyhaemoglobin in the blood.
drinking seawater
C producing large volumes of urine
D absorbing salts.
23. The table below shows some features of blood
vessels.
Which line describes features of veins?
A
B
C
D
Direction of
blood flow
towards the
heart
away from the
heart
towards the
heart
away from the
heart
Detection of
pulse
Presence of
valves
yes
no
no
yes
no
yes
yes
no
Concentration of
oxyhaemoglobin
in blood
(%)
Concentration of
CO2 in blood (%)
Which of the
relationship?
following
describes
this
A As the carbon dioxide concentration
decreases,
the
concentration
of
oxyhaemoglobin decreases.
B
As the carbon dioxide concentration
increases,
the
concentration
of
oxyhaemoglobin decreases.
C As the carbon dioxide concentration
increases,
the
concentration
of
oxyhaemoglobin increases.
D As the carbon dioxide concentration
increases, it has no effect upon the
concentration of oxyhaemoglobin.
Candidates are reminded that the answer sheet for Section A MUST be placed INSIDE the front
cover of this answer book.
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SECTION B
Marks
All questions in this section should be attempted.
All answers must be written clearly and legibly in ink.
1.
(a) The sentences below describe how oxygen enters the bloodstream for use in
respiration.
Underline one option in each set of brackets to make the sentences correct.
{
{
bronchioles
Air entering the lungs passes down the trachea
to the bronchi.
{
artery
To collect oxygen, blood enters the lungs through the pulmonary vein
and returns to the
{ {
left
atrium of the heart.
right
1
{
1
(b) The diagram below shows an alveolus in the lungs.
alveolus
State two features of the alveolus that allow efficient gas exchange.
Feature 1
1
Feature 2
1
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1.
(continued)
(c)
(i) Oxygen diffuses into muscle cells for respiration. Name one other raw
material needed for respiration that enters by diffusion.
1
(ii) Name a waste product of respiration that diffuses out of muscle cells.
1
(d) Osmosis occurs in plant cells.
(i) Name the substance that enters or leaves cells by osmosis.
1
(ii) What term describes the condition of plant cells after being placed in
distilled water?
1
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2.
(a) The experiment shown below was set up to demonstrate aerobic respiration in
peas that are germinating (starting to grow).
tap
closed
tap
closed
tube Y
tube X
B
A
germinating
peas
boiled and
sterilised
peas
chemical to
absorb
carbon
dioxide
chemical to
absorb carbon
dioxide
coloured
liquid
After two days, the level of liquid had risen in tube Y but had not risen in
tube X.
(i) Explain the purpose of A as a control in this experiment.
1
(ii) Predict the effect on the level of the liquid in tube Y if a greater mass of
peas is used.
1
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2.
(continued)
(b) The following list contains some features of aerobic and anaerobic respiration
in germinating peas.
List
W
X
Y
Z
Does not use oxygen
Produces carbon dioxide
Yields 38 molecules of ATP per glucose molecule
Produces ethanol
Complete the table below by writing the letters from the list in the correct
columns.
Each letter may be used once or more than once.
Aerobic respiration in
germinating peas
Anaerobic respiration in
germinating peas
2
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3.
(a) A food sample was tested to find which food groups were present.
Both the Benedict’s test and the Biuret test were positive.
(i) What colour indicates a positive result with the Benedict’s test?
1
(ii) Which food group was indicated by the Biuret test result?
1
(b) Complete boxes 1 and 2 in the following diagram which shows information
about the structures of three food groups.
Elements
carbon
hydrogen
oxygen
fat
Simple structure
fatty acids and glycerol
Elements
carbon
hydrogen
oxygen
nitrogen
protein
Box 1
Simple structure
Box 2
Elements
carbohydrate
Simple structure
simple sugars
2
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3.
(continued)
(c) The graph below shows the results of an experiment into the activity of a
stomach enzyme at various pH levels.
Mass of food
undigested after
24 hours
(grams)
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
pH
(i) Name a stomach enzyme.
1
(ii) From the graph, what is the optimum pH of this enzyme?
pH
1
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4.
(a) Four groups of students investigated the catalase concentration of different
tissues.
Each group set up a test-tube containing 5 cm3 of hydrogen peroxide and a
cube of potato. The oxygen was collected over a 3 minute period and the
volume was measured as shown in the diagram below.
oxygen
measuring
cylinder
water
10
flexible
tubing
20
30
test
tube
40
50
water
cube of
potato
5 cm3 hydrogen
peroxide
This procedure was repeated by each group using cubes of liver, apple and carrot.
The results from the four groups are given in the table below.
Volume of oxygen collected in 3 minutes (cm3)
Group 1
Group 2
Group 3
Group 4
Average
.
.
.
.
55
50
55
60
.
.
.
39 5
37 0
42 5
35.5
38.5
1.0
1.5
1.0
0.5
1.0
3.5
3.0
3.5
2.0
3.0
Tissue
Potato
Liver
Apple
Carrot
(i) Complete the table to show the average volume of oxygen collected for
potato tissue.
Space for calculation
1
(ii) The volume of hydrogen peroxide and time taken to collect the oxygen
were kept constant in this investigation.
State two other variables that must be kept constant.
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1
2
1
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4.
(a) (continued)
(iii)
What was done in this investigation to make the results reliable?
1
(iv)
What conclusion can be drawn from these results?
1
(b) The diagram below shows the action of the enzyme phosphorylase in a potato
cell.
glucose-1-phosphate
(i)
phosphorylase
starch
Underline the option in the bracket to make the sentence correct.
The action of the enzyme phosphorylase catalyses the
{
synthesis
degradation
{
of
1
starch.
(ii)
State the effect of phosphorylase on the rate of this reaction.
1
(iii)
Explain why lipase could not produce starch in this reaction.
1
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5.
(a) The diagram below shows the structure of the human urinary system.
Blood flow
A
B
C
D
E
Complete the table to identify the structures and their functions.
Structure
Letter
Bladder
Function
E
A
Ureter
Carries blood into the kidney
Carries urine away from the kidney
2
(b) The diagram below represents filtration and reabsorption in the kidney.
blood capillary
X
blood enters
kidney
filtration
Y
reabsorption
Z
urine leaves
kidney
tubule
A hormone controls the volume of water reabsorbed at Z.
(i)
Name this hormone.
1
(ii)
If there is a decrease in the level of this hormone, what will happen to the
volume of water reabsorbed at Z?
1
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5.
(b) (continued)
(iii)
Tick (✓) the boxes in the table below to indicate which two blood
components are filtered out of the blood at Y.
Blood components
Filtered out at Y
glucose
salts
blood cells
(iv)
1
The rate of flow at X, Y and Z is measured.
Rates of flow:
X = 1200 cm3 per minute
Y = 125 cm3 per minute
Z = 124 cm3 per minute
How much urine will be produced in one hour?
Space for calculation
Volume of urine produced in one hour
cm3
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6.
The three types of neurone involved in the reflex arc for blinking are shown in the
diagram below.
P
cross-section of
spinal cord
nerve ending
in eye
Q
eyelid
muscles
(a) Name neurones P and Q.
P
Q
2
(b) Which labelled structure is the effector in this response?
1
(c) What is the function of a reflex action?
1
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7.
(a) An experiment was set up to measure the effect of light intensity on the rate of
photosynthesis in the water plant, Elodea.
The light intensity was varied using a dimmer switch on the bulb.
The rate of photosynthesis was measured by counting the number of bubbles
released per minute.
gas
collected
bubbles
bulb
cut stem
of Elodea
dimmer
switch
support for
funnel
glass heat
shield
(i) Name the gas collected.
1
(ii) The results of the experiment are shown in the table below.
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Light intensity
(units)
Rate of photosynthesis
(number of bubbles per minute)
1
2
3
10
5
23
8
45
10
45
12
45
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7.
(a) (ii) (continued)
(A) On the grid below, plot a line graph to show rate of photosynthesis
against light intensity.
(Additional graph paper, if required, will be found on page 32.)
50
45
40
35
Rate of
photosynthesis
30
(number of
bubbles per
minute)
25
20
15
10
5
0
2
(B) Using the data in the table, explain the results obtained at light
intensities greater than 8 units.
1
(b) There are two reactions in photosynthesis. The first reaction is photolysis.
(i) Name the two substances produced by photolysis that are required for
the second reaction.
Substance 1
Substance 2
2
(ii) Name the second reaction.
1
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7.
(continued)
(c) Plant cells convert glucose into other carbohydrates.
Complete the table below by naming two of these carbohydrates.
Role of carbohydrate in plant cells
Name of carbohydrate
Storage as an insoluble material
Forms cell walls
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8.
Marks
(a) The diagram below shows a yeast cell.
(i)
Name the structure shown in the yeast cell which contains the genetic
information.
1
(ii)
A molecule consisting of chains of bases is contained in chromosomes.
(A) Name this molecule.
1
(B) Explain how this molecule controls cell activities.
2
(b) Gamete production is essential to sexual reproduction.
(i)
Name the division of the nucleus that occurs during gamete production.
1
(ii)
Name the process occurring during this division that increases variation.
1
Underline one option in each set of brackets to make the following
sentences correct.
half
The number of chromosomes in gametes is
the number found in
twice
(iii)
{ {
body cells.
{
{
{
half
fusion
The zygote is formed by division and contains twice
{
the number of
chromosomes in a gamete.
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9.
In fowl, the dominant form (R) of one gene determines rose comb shape; single
comb shape results from the recessive form (r) of the gene.
The diagram below shows the results of two crosses.
Cross 1 parents
True-breeding
rose comb fowl
Cross 1 offspring
Cross 2 parents
Cross 2 offspring
Ratio
True-breeding
single comb fowl
all rose comb fowl
Rose comb fowl from
Cross 1 offspring
×
Rose comb fowl
Single comb fowl
:
1
(a)
(i)
Single comb fowl
1
Which offspring contains only one phenotype?
1
(ii)
Complete the Punnet square below to show the genotypes of the gametes
of the Cross 2 single comb parent and the genotypes of the offspring
produced.
Genotypes of gametes of
Cross 2 single comb parent
Genotypes of
gametes of
Cross 2 rose
comb parent
R
r
2
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9.
(continued)
(b) Decide if each of the following statements is True or False, and tick (✓) the
appropriate box.
If the statement is False, write the correct word in the Correction box to
replace the word underlined in the statement.
Statement
A characteristic controlled by many
genes is called co-dominant.
True False
Correction
The gene for comb shape has two
different alleles.
True breeding is another way of
describing a homozygous individual.
3
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10.
The small burrowing invertebrate, Corophium, is found in the mud of Scottish
estuaries.
Corophium (magnified × 6)
Corophium is the major prey of many species of migratory wading birds. These
birds are present in large numbers from August to April.
The graph below shows the results of a one year survey on the numbers of
Corophium taken on the first day of each month.
Numbers of Corophium (1000/m2)
18
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Month
Jul
Aug
Sept
Oct
Nov
Dec
(a) Describe the changes in the numbers of Corophium from January to December.
2
(b) How many times greater are the numbers of Corophium on 1st June compared
to 1st April?
Space for calculation
times
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10.
(continued)
(c) Using all the information given, explain why there are high numbers of
Corophium on 1st August.
1
(d) Predict what would happen to the biodiversity of this estuary if the wading
birds stayed all year. Explain your answer.
Prediction
1
Explanation
1
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SECTION C
Marks
Both questions in this section should be attempted.
Note that each question contains a choice.
Questions 1 and 2 should be attempted on the blank pages which follow.
All answers must be written clearly and legibly in ink.
Supplementary sheets, if required, may be obtained from the invigilator.
1.
Answer either A or B.
A.
The diagram below shows human blood as seen through a microscope.
plasma
red blood
cells
white blood cells
(a) Name the two parts of the blood involved in the transport of substances
around the body.
(b) Describe how named substances are transported by each part of the blood.
5
OR
B.
The diagram below shows a section through the brain.
cerebrum
hypothalamus
cerebellum
(a) Name the part of the brain that regulates body temperature.
(b) State its response to a decrease in body temperature by describing the
changes which will occur in the skin, blood vessels and muscles.
Question 2 is on Page thirty.
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2.
Answer either A or B.
Labelled diagrams may be included where appropriate.
A.
Genetic engineering uses bacteria to produce human insulin. Describe the
stages involved in this process.
5
Describe the process of natural selection as illustrated by the peppered moth
Biston betularia.
5
OR
B.
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SPACE FOR ANSWER TO QUESTION 2
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ADDITIONAL GRAPH PAPER FOR QUESTION 7(a)(ii)A
50
45
40
35
Rate of
photosynthesis
30
(number of
bubbles per
minute)
25
20
15
10
5
0
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