Propagation of aerosol effects in scales
from cloud microphysics to dynamics
Ilan Koren, Yoram J. Kaufman, Daniel Rosenfeld, Lorraine
A. Remer and Yinon Rudich
1. NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt Maryland 20771, USA,
2. JCET, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, USA
3. Institute of Earth Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem
91904, Israel
4. Department of Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute, Rehovot
76100, Israel
Koren, Kaufman, Rosenfeld, Remer, Rudich – ISEEQS, 2005
Koren, Kaufman, Rosenfeld, Remer, Rudich – Clouds aerosols interaction from MODIS, 2005
Indirect effect
MODIS April 25, 2001
True Color Image
Ship Tracks
marine
3.7 µm band
stratocumulus
Koren – Does smoke kill clouds, 2005
M. D. King et al. 2001
LH
g
Koren, Kaufman, Rosenfeld, Remer, Rudich – Clouds aerosols interaction from MODIS, 2005
June – July – August 2002 - Clouds and
aerosols over the Atlantic
Koren, Kaufman, Rosenfeld, Remer, Rudich – Clouds aerosols interaction EGU, 2005
June – July – August 2002 - Clouds and
aerosols over the Atlantic
Pollution
Sea salt
Saharan dust
Sub Tropical
Biomass burning
Koren, Kaufman, Rosenfeld, Remer, Rudich – Clouds aerosols interaction EGU, 2005
Mid Latitudes
ITCZ
Clear
Cloud
Fraction
Cloud
Top
Pressure
Koren, Kaufman, Rosenfeld, Remer, Rudich – Clouds aerosols interaction EGU, 2005
Polluted
Data Analysis
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4 billion km2 of data
3 laboratories
Sorted by AOD
Divided to 10 (6) equal sampled groups
Plotted vs. AOD or
Plotted vs. cloud parameters
Koren, Kaufman, Rosenfeld, Remer, Rudich – Clouds aerosols interaction EGU, 2005
ITCZ
Sub Tropics
Mid Latitudes
Koren, Kaufman, Rosenfeld, Remer, Rudich – Clouds aerosols interaction EGU, 2005
Cloud Fraction VS. Effective Water content
Koren, Kaufman, Rosenfeld, Remer, Rudich – Clouds aerosols interaction EGU, 2005
AOD
Koren, Kaufman, Rosenfeld, Remer, Rudich – Clouds aerosols interaction EGU, 2005
¿If the water optical depth goes
up as expected why the ice
optical depth goes down?
Koren, Kaufman, Rosenfeld, Remer, Rudich – Clouds aerosols interaction EGU, 2005
Koren, Kaufman, Rosenfeld, Remer, Rudich – Clouds aerosols interaction EGU, 2005
Koren, Kaufman, Rosenfeld, Remer, Rudich – Clouds aerosols interaction EGU, 2005
Koren, Kaufman, Rosenfeld, Remer, Rudich – Clouds aerosols interaction EGU, 2005
Cloud top pressure
Aerosol optical depth
Cloud
fraction
Ice cloud
Optical
depth
Aerosol optical depth
Aerosols Or Meteorology,
Or
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Cloud contamination
Aerosol contamination
3D effects
Humidification
Koren, Kaufman, Rosenfeld, Remer, Rudich – Clouds aerosols interaction EGU, 2005
One sunny day over the Atlantic - July 14 2002
NCEP Vertical Winds
Koren, Kaufman, Rosenfeld, Remer, Rudich – Clouds aerosols interaction EGU, 2005
Effective LWC
Another sunny day over the Atlantic - July 27 2002
NCEP Vertical Winds
Koren, Kaufman, Rosenfeld, Remer, Rudich – Clouds aerosols interaction EGU, 2005
Effective LWC
Koren, Kaufman, Rosenfeld, Remer, Rudich – Clouds aerosols interaction EGU, 2005
Koren, Kaufman, Rosenfeld, Remer, Rudich – Clouds aerosols interaction EGU, 2005
Koren, Kaufman, Rosenfeld, Remer, Rudich – Clouds aerosols interaction EGU, 2005
Koren, Kaufman, Rosenfeld, Remer, Rudich – Clouds aerosols interaction EGU, 2005
Koren, Kaufman, Rosenfeld, Remer, Rudich – Clouds aerosols interaction EGU, 2005
Average Vertical Wind
-0.41
-0.18
-0.11
-0.06
-0.02
0.01
0.04
0.08
0.17
ITCZ - AOD vs. CTP
-0.49
-0.57
-0.46
-0.59
-0.71
-0.55
-0.54
-0.50
-0.64
Sub Tropics - AOD vs. CTP
-0.60
-0.82
-0.82
-0.83
-0.84
-0.81
-0.83
-0.80
-0.82
Mid latitude - AOD vs. CTP
-0.53
-0.80
-0.82
-0.85
-0.84
-0.87
-0.86
-0.88
-0.82
ITCZ - AOD vs. CFR
0.65
0.71
0.72
0.76
0.82
0.80
0.76
0.81
0.80
Sub Tropics - AOD vs. CFR
0.71
0.81
0.87
0.85
0.89
0.90
0.87
0.86
0.85
Mid latitude - AOD vs. CFR
0.44
0.63
0.57
0.67
0.61
0.71
0.79
0.78
0.84
ITCZ - VW vs. CTP
0.12
0.21
0.13
0.06
0.00
-0.02
-0.10
0.03
-0.14
Sub Tropics - VW vs. CTP
-0.37
0.16
-0.12
-0.09
-0.18
-0.11
0.14
-0.04
-0.14
Mid latitude - VW vs. CTP
-0.36
0.08
-0.27
-0.10
-0.13
-0.04
0.09
-0.05
-0.17
Koren, Kaufman, Rosenfeld, Remer, Rudich – Clouds aerosols interaction EGU, 2005
Regression
• Horizontal Winds
• Vertical winds
• Humidity
• Aerosol optical depth
• Aerosol fine fraction
• SST
• Potential Temperature
• Geopotential pressure levels
Koren, Kaufman, Rosenfeld, Remer, Rudich – Clouds aerosols interaction EGU, 2005
Regression
Cloud Friendly Atmosphere
Cloud Hostile Atmosphere
Koren, Kaufman, Rosenfeld, Remer, Rudich – Clouds aerosols interaction from MODIS, 2005
Forcing
Two sets of “observations”:
1. Real
2. Clean
Koren, Kaufman, Rosenfeld, Remer, Rudich – Clouds aerosols interaction from MODIS, 2005
ITCZ
Sub Tropical
TOA
Surface
Koren, Kaufman, Rosenfeld, Remer, Rudich – Clouds aerosols interaction EGU, 2005
Mid Latitudes
Koren, Kaufman, Rosenfeld, Remer, Rudich – Clouds aerosols interaction EGU, 2005
References
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Twomey, 1977
Albrecht, 1989
Rosenfeld, 2000
Rosenfeld and Woodley, 2000
Andreae et al., 2004
Aerosol invigoration and restructuring of Atlantic convective clouds
GRL 2005
Koren, Kaufman, Rosenfeld, Remer, Rudich – ISEEQS, 2005
Koren, Kaufman, Rosenfeld, Remer, Rudich – ISEEQS, 2005
Koren, Kaufman, Rosenfeld, Remer, Rudich – ISEEQS, 2005
Koren, Kaufman, Rosenfeld, Remer, Rudich – ISEEQS, 2005
The single most important NCEP parameter that correlate with MODIS convective
clouds is the vertical velocities – (in preparation 2005???)
Koren, Kaufman, Rosenfeld, Remer, Rudich – ISEEQS, 2005
1. Analysis of smaller zones
Koren, Kaufman, Rosenfeld, Remer, Rudich – ISEEQS, 2005
Cloud Fraction
ITCZ
ML
Koren, Kaufman, Rosenfeld, Remer, Rudich – ISEEQS, 2005
Clout Top P
2. Cloud fraction vs. Cloud top pressure
Koren, Kaufman, Rosenfeld, Remer, Rudich – ISEEQS, 2005
0.0-0.2
0.2-0.4
0.4-0.6
0.8-1.0
Koren, Kaufman, Rosenfeld, Remer, Rudich – ISEEQS, 2005
0.6-0.8
3. Most importantly we do see microphysical effect
ITCZ
ST
ML
Koren, Kaufman, Rosenfeld, Remer, Rudich – ISEEQS, 2005
IPCC(2001) Global and Annual Mean
Radiative Forcing
What’s not in this
picture?
Courtesy Edgerton, 2002
Koren, Kaufman, Rosenfeld, Remer, Rudich – ISEEQS, 2005
• Aerosol 2nd
indirect effect
omitted
• Aerosol semi-direct
effect omitted
• Regional character
of aerosol forcing
not represented
• Aerosol models are
largely unvalidated
• Snow burning