Dorielan 1 Peterlee Dorielan Mr Kann Apush, Period 2 September 24 Crash Courses 6 ●
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The American Revolution was not about taxes or tea, just a small fraction it In 1763 the 7 years war ended It required a lot of money to invade Indian lands, the British had to rise taxes Colonists were angry because they didn’t have a say of the taxes By 1760, some colonies were setting their own taxes 1765 the “Stamp act” took place , people had to carry stamp which were not free Colonies came together protesting about the stamp act, which later turned into violence, but the stamp act was removed Goods were being boycotted, so cities that made profit of that, weren’t so happy The worst outcome of around that time period or in American was the Boston Massacre that took place in 1770 In 1773, the Tea Act was present, they afford tax resumption and rebate for tea coming in from the British East India Company which allowed them to dump cheap tea on the colonies, which lowered the price of tea The British could tax as much as they wanted to because they had a law or an act that basically stated, ‘you don’t tell us what to do, we can do whatever’ When the colonists tried to take a stand, the government passed more laws, which led to having British soldiers living in families homes Massachusetts stepping in telling the people to disobey the acts, stop paying taxes, and to prepare for war In 1774, 12 of the 13 colonies met to sign the resistance of the intolerable act, that was the start of a real government in america Confidential Congress would meet later on to talk about freedom, rights, natural laws, ect. “The American Revolution and the American War Free were not the same thing” The war between colonists and Britain began in 1775 of April 19, and the colonists lost The famous shot heard around the world which made up the story The mid­night ride of Paul Rivier The British into rough times, so they had to leave Boston but they got revenge by taking over New York In 6 months within publication, the second confidential congress declared independence and signed one of the most important document in America Dorielan 2 Crash Course 7 ● The Industrial Revolution affected the American Revolution Side note: The Americans invented baseball and cars ● The 1770 was good for rich white man everywhere, they were running the show everywhere ● The British wanted to capture all the cities and make the colonists surrender, they did capture the cities but the colonists did not give up ● Washington was a vicious leader in wars and for being the father of the America in general ● The most famous battle of the war was probably the battle of Trenton for Washington and Saratoga was the most important. Saratoga was a terrible defeat for the British. ● The French later started helping the Americans, which caused the British to lose the war and moved away ● Soldiers were starving and they went unpaid ● People that would refuse to fight in the war would often get their property confiscated ● Slaves were offered the right of freedom if they fight for Britain and 5,000 slaves took that deal ● 100,000 slaves are estimated to have fled to the British. ● By 1843 the British got rid of all the slaves without a civil war ● The colonists wanted the Indians to stay out of the war but many Indians then joined the British, and the Americans were brutal towards the Indians ● slaves and Indians didn’t get much out of the Revolutionary War ● Some colonial women fought in the war ● Women didn’t have much role in the society, they didn’t have access to education and were assets of husband or father ● “The war didn’t end slavery, it didn’t much change the roles of women. And it didn’t displace the elite, land­owning, pasty white guy leadership of America.” ● When the colonies became states, they created constitutions and some states allowed more people to vote and some didn’t ● Freedom of religion was establishing in Virginia due to the revolution ● The American revolution kind of changed the economy ● In 1793 the cotton gin came to be by Eli Whitney ● it was a smidge hypocritical to claim to be enslaved by British taxation while they themselves were enslaving people. ● Very few colonists said anything about freedom for slaves ● Between 1777 and 1804, all states north of Maryland got rid of slavery, at a very slow pace ● By 1810, there were nearly 200,000 free black Americans ● The American Revolution was somewhat about American equality, meaning the role of women improved a bit, slavery was lowered, and the colonists were free of Britain Dorielan 3 5 The American Revolution ● Americans were unprepared for war with Britain and they knew it was going to be a tough challenge, because Britain had really good military resources Mobilizing for War (p. 128­131) ● Defining American War Aims ­ Representors agreed towards war but not entirely for its purpose ­ A group that favored complete independence was led by the Adams cousins and Richard Henry Lee, there were more than one groups, and they wanted to reform the imperial relationship with Great Britain ­ After one year of fighting, many stopped due to many different reasons such as financial difficulties and the British using the hated “Hessians” (Africans, Indians, and other foreigners) ­ The Common Sense by Thomas Paine argued on the fight between the Americans and the British and who to blame ● The Decision for Independence ­ They opened to the “ship of all nations”, meaning they allowed all nations except for Great Britain. Colonies could then establish new governments independent of the British Empire. ­ On July 2, 1776 they adopted a resolution and appointed a committee to draft a formal declaration of independence ­ On July 4, Congress approved the Declaration of Independence. ­ Thomas Jefferson, Benjamin Franklin, and John Adams wrote the Declaration ● Responses to Independence ­ In Philadelphia, Boston, and other places, people gathered to cheer, fire guns and cannons, and ringed church bells ­ Many people called Loyalists or Tories, did not do anything to support the independence, they disapproved the freedom ­ Colonies started to call themselves states ­ Former colonies marked their independence by writing formal constitutions for themselves, and by 1781 most states had written their own constitutions ­ The new government had to fight a war for its own survival Dorielan 4 Winning the peace (p. 142­144) ● Winning the Peace ­ Benjamin Franklin, John Adams, and John Jay were the representatives to talk informally with the American diplomats ­ France was the Americans allies but Americans began fearing that the alliance with France might still keep them at war so they went their own way without letting France know what’s up ­ America later signed a preliminary treaty with Great Britain on November 30, 1782 ­ The British and Americans reached a final settlement­ the Treaty of Paris­ on September 3, 1783 ● Loyalists and Minorities ­ The losers of the American Revolution were the loyalists, they were afraid that British would win the war which they did ­ Many of the loyalists in their communities would get harassed during the war and some of them moved back to England and others to Canada ­ Many loyalists lost their jobs and properties, that situation created a significant social change in many communities ­ After the war, the distribution of wealth and power changed rapidly ­ The war affected minorities and certain religious groups (p. 144­148) ● The War and Slavery ­ During the war many Africans escaped, 60% of the population in 1770 was Africans but after the war in 1790, only 44% were left ­ The Africans took a step towards freedom ­ In parts of the country, slavery was allowed and others not so much ­ In the eighteenth century, the Whites acted like hypocrites, meaning they didn’t to be slaves to other people or country but they wanted black slaves to work for them ● Native Americans and the Revolution Dorielan 5 ­
Most Indians found the American Revolution unnecessary ­ The Indians were allies with the British, during the some of them fought against the Americans since they were perpetrated as hostiles ­ In 1776 white settlements were attacked by a Cherokee faction led by Dragging Canoe but they were defeated ­ For the Indians it was time to take sides, it’s either they keep fighting for the British and get beaten down or join in with the Americans to fight against the British ­ No matter what the Natives did, they could not stop the Whites from gaining more land and power ­ In 1782 the most vicious massacre of the era occurred, where white soldiers killed 96 people, including women and Children ● Women’s Rights and Women’s Roles ­ Women didn’t have much rights during the American Revolution ­ Some women provided aid during the war and also sheltered and feed British troops ­ Some women even fought on the battlefield ­ Women began to question their role in society, they wanted equal rights as men and access to education ­ Some men ought to support women's education, but many other people did not agree ­ Single women had some rights and married women had basically no rights, there was a lot of things they couldn’t do, they couldn’t vote ­ The Revolution did barely anything to change things for women ­ Wives later earned some respect from society and their husband The Search for a National Government (p. 151­ 153) ● Americans were debating on how the government should be like if they create one ● The Confederation ­ Limitation of national government power, meaning there are many things they couldn’t do, they could conduct wars and issue money but they couldn’t heavily tax the people ­ Approval of the Articles of Confederation meant some had to give up some lands Dorielan 6 ­ The Confederation stood from 1781 to 1789 ● Diplomatic Failures ­ It was hard for Britain to live up to the Peace Treaty ­ Americans wanted full access to British markets but they were restricted on that access ­ In 1784, Congress sent John Adams as minister to resolve differences within both “countries” but Britain refused ­ Confederation diplomats agreed to a treaty with Spain in 1786 ● The Confederation and the Northeast ­ Only a few thousand whites lived west of the Appalachian divide, by 1790 it increased to 120,000 ­ Landed states began questioning the national governing, saying that they had control of too many land that can lead to making new policies for national domain ­ In 1784, the western territory was divided into ten self­governing districts ­ Lands would go on auction and different sections would be the Americans’ ­ In order to properly divide of the land, Americans created the grid which worked perfectly for them ­ Congress would sell their best lands to richer companies before making available to settlers ­ The Northwest Territory had a population of 60,00 and it guaranteed freedom of religion and the right to trial by jury to residents of the Northwest, and prohibited slavery throughout the territory ­ The region that became Kentucky and Tennessee developed really quickly and settlers began setting up governments, they then asked congress the recognition of states p. 153­ ● Indians and the Western Lands ­ Indians tribes never accepted white settlements into their lands (1780’s) ­ 1790 and 1791 the Indians defeated the Americans in order to protect their lands but in 1794, the Americans defeated the Indians ­ A year later, the Miami signed the Treaty of Greenville, giving up their lands ● Debts, Taxes, and Daniel Shays ­ Post war depression­ 1784 to 1787 Dorielan 7 ­
Increased long lasting American problem of money supply ­ Congress had no power to tax so it was difficult for them to pay debts ­ Nationalists tried to solve the money problem by getting 5% on imported goods but many Americans were afraid that would lead to the nationalists having too much financial power ­ The states too were in debts, so were farmers ­ Shays issued a set of demands that included paper money, tax relief, a moratorium, on debts, the relocation of the state capital from Boston to the interior, and the abolition of imprisonment for debt. ­ Shays’ rebellion was failure ● Conclusion ­ War in 1775, Americans against the British