Exam
Name___________________________________
MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
1) Charles Darwin proposed a mechanism for descent with modification that stated that organisms of
a particular species are adapted to their environment when they possess
A) inheritable traits that decrease their survival and reproductive success in the local
environment.
B) non-inheritable traits that enhance their reproductive success in the local environment.
C) non-inheritable traits that enhance their survival and reproductive success in the local
environment.
D) inheritable traits that enhance their survival and reproductive success in the local
environment.
E) non-inheritable traits that enhance their survival in the local environment.
1)
2) Which of the following types of cells utilize deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) as their genetic material
but do not have their DNA encased within a nuclear envelope?
A) animal
B) protists
C) archaea
D) fungi
E) plant
2)
3) Which of the following best describes the logic of scientific inquiry?
A) If I generate a testable hypothesis, tests and observations will support it.
B) If my hypothesis is correct, I can expect certain test results.
C) If my prediction is correct, it will lead to a testable hypothesis.
D) If my observations are accurate, they will support my hypothesis.
E) If my experiments are set up right, they will lead to a testable hypothesis.
3)
4) Which of the following is an example of qualitative data?
A) The plant's height is 25 centimeters (cm).
B) The six pairs of robins hatched an average of three chicks.
C) The fish swam in a zigzag motion.
D) The contents of the stomach are mixed every 20 seconds.
E) The temperature decreased from 20°C to 15°C.
4)
5) Why is Darwin considered original in his thinking?
A) He proposed the mechanism that explained how evolution takes place.
B) He described the relationship between genes and evolution.
C) He observed that organisms produce large numbers of offspring.
D) He demonstrated that evolution is continuing to occur now.
E) He provided examples of organisms that had evolved over time.
5)
6) Through time, the lineage that led to modern whales shows a change from four-limbed land
animals to aquatic animals with two limbs that function as flippers. This change is best explained
by
A) natural philosophy.
B) the hierarchy of the biological organization of life.
C) feedback inhibition.
D) creationism.
E) natural selection.
6)
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7) Which of the following is (are) true of natural selection?
A) It requires genetic variation, results in descent with modification, and involves differential
reproductive success.
B) It results in descent with modification.
C) It involves differential reproductive success.
D) It results in descent with modification and involves differential reproductive success.
E) It requires genetic variation.
7)
8) Which of the following best demonstrates the unity among all organisms?
A) emergent properties
B) natural selection
C) matching DNA nucleotide sequences
D) the structure and function of DNA
E) descent with modification
8)
9) The atomic number of sulfur is 16. Sulfur combines with hydrogen by covalent bonding to form a
compound, hydrogen sulfide. Based on the number of valence electrons in a sulfur atom, predict
the molecular formula of the compound:
A) H3 S2
B) H2 S
C) H4 S
D) HS2
E) HS
9)
10) An atom with atomic number 12 would have what type of chemical behavior in bonding with other
elements?
A) It would form ions with a -1 charge.
B) It would form ions with a +2 charge.
C) It would form ions with a -2 charge.
D) It would form two covalent bonds with other atoms.
E) It would form ions with a +1 charge.
10)
11) Atoms whose outer electron shells contain 8 electrons tend to
A) be stable and chemically nonreactive, or inert.
B) form hydrogen bonds in aqueous solutions.
C) form ions in aqueous solutions.
D) be gaseous at room temperature.
E) be both chemically inert and gaseous at room temperature.
11)
12) What factors are most important in determining which elements are most common in living
matter?
A) the reactivity of the elements with water
B) the chemical stability of the elements
C) both the relative abundances of the elements and the emergent properties of the compounds
made from these elements
D) the relative abundances of the elements in Earth's crust and atmosphere
E) the emergent properties of the simple compounds made from these elements
12)
13) What is the maximum number of covalent bonds an element with atomic number 8 can make with
hydrogen?
A) 6
B) 1
C) 4
D) 2
E) 3
13)
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14) Which of the following statements is false?
A) Virtually all organisms require the same elements in the same quantities.
B) Some trace elements are very abundant on Earth.
C) Iron is an example of an element needed by all organisms.
D) Other than some trace elements, animals are mostly made up of the same elements as plants,
in similar proportions.
E) Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen are the most abundant elements of living matter.
14)
15) Which of the following correctly describes chemical equilibrium?
A) Reactions stop only when all reactants have been converted to products.
B) Forward and reverse reactions have stopped so that the concentration of the reactants equals
the concentration of the products.
C) There are equal concentrations of reactants and products, and the reactions have stopped.
D) Concentrations of products are higher than the concentrations of the reactants.
E) Forward and reverse reactions continue with no effect on the concentrations of the reactants
and products.
15)
16) A group of molecular biologists is trying to synthesize a new artificial compound to mimic the
effects of a known hormone that influences sexual behavior. They have turned to you for advice.
Which of the following compounds is most likely to mimic the effects of the hormone?
A) a compound with the same molecular mass (measured in daltons) as the hormone
B) a compound with the same three-dimensional shape as part of the hormone
C) a compound with the same number of carbon atoms as the hormone
D) a compound with the same number of orbital electrons as the hormone
E) a compound with the same number of hydrogen and nitrogen atoms as the hormone
16)
17) A beaker contains 100 mL of NaOH solution at pH = 13. A technician carefully pours into the
beaker 10 mL of HCl at pH = 1. Which of the following statements correctly describes the results of
this mixing?
A) The concentration of Na+ ion rises.
B) The pH of the beaker's contents will be neutral.
C) The pH of the beaker's contents falls.
D) The concentration of Cl- ion will be 0.1 M.
E) The concentration of undissociated H2O molecules remains unchanged.
17)
18) One liter of a solution of pH 9 has how many more hydroxyl ions (OH- ) than 1 L of a solution of
pH 4?
A) 50,000 times more
B) 100,000 times more
C) 10,000 times more
D) 32 times more
E) 5 times more
18)
19) What is the pH of a 1 millimolar NaOH solution?
A) pH 3
B) pH 8
C) pH 11
19)
3
D) pH 10
E) pH 9
20) A given solution contains 0.0001(10-4 ) moles of hydrogen ions [H+ ] per liter. Which of the
following best describes this solution?
A) acidic: will give H+ to weak acids, but accept H+ from strong acids
20)
B) acidic: will accept H+ from both strong and weak acids
C) basic: will give H+ to weak acids, but accept H+ from weak acids
D) basic: will accept H+ from both strong and weak acids
E) acidic: will give H+ to both strong and weak acids
21) How many grams of acetic acid (C2 H4 O2 ) would you use to make 10 L of a 0.1 M aqueous solution
of acetic acid? (Note: The atomic masses, in daltons, are approximately 12 for carbon, 1 for
hydrogen, and 16 for oxygen.)
A) 0.1 g
B) 60 g
C) 6.0 g
D) 0.6 g
E) 10 g
21)
22) A solution contains 0.0000001(10-7 ) moles of hydroxyl ions [OH-] per liter. Which of the following
best describes this solution?
A) acidic: H+ acceptor
22)
B) acidic: H+ donor
C) basic: H+ donor
D) neutral
E) basic: H+ acceptor
23) Measurements show that the pH of a particular lake is 4.0. What is the hydrogen ion concentration
of the lake?
A) 4%
B) 10-4 M
C) 10-10 M
D) 4.0 M
E) 104 M
23)
24) A slice of pizza has 500 kcal. If we could burn the pizza and use all the heat to warm a 50-L
container of cold water, what would be the approximate increase in the temperature of the water?
(Note: A liter of cold water weighs about 1 kg.)
A) 1°C
B) 5°C
C) 50°C
D) 100°C
E) 10°C
24)
25) Which molecule(s) shown above is (are) ionized in aqueous solution at pH 7?
A) A
B) B and D
C) D and E
D) D
25)
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E) E
26) Research indicates that ibuprofen, a drug used to relieve inflammation and pain, is a mixture of
two enantiomers; that is, molecules that
A) differ in the arrangement of atoms around their double bonds.
B) have identical chemical formulas but differ in the branching of their carbon skeletons.
C) exist in either linear chain or ring forms.
D) are mirror images of one another.
E) differ in the location of their double bonds.
26)
27) Which of the following statements correctly describes cis-trans isomers?
A) They have variations in arrangement around a double bond.
B) They have an asymmetric carbon that makes them mirror images.
C) Their atoms and bonds are arranged in different sequences.
D) They have different molecular formulas.
E) They have the same chemical properties.
27)
28) Stanley Miller's 1953 experiments assumed that early Earth's atmosphere contained
A) amino acids, methane, hydrogen cyanide, and water vapor.
B) methane, formaldehyde, ammonia, and carbon dioxide.
C) ammonia, methane, oxygen gas, and water vapor.
D) ammonia, methane, hydrogen gas, and water vapor.
E) hydrogen cyanide, formaldehyde, hydrogen gas, and water vapor.
28)
29) Amino acids are acids because they always possess which functional group?
A) carboxyl
B) hydroxyl
C) carbonyl
D) phosphate
E) amino
29)
30) The element present in all organic molecules is
A) phosphorus.
B) oxygen.
C) carbon.
D) hydrogen.
E) nitrogen.
30)
31) Which of the structures illustrated above cannot form hydrogen bonds with water molecules?
A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E
31)
32) What is the name of the functional group shown in the figure above?
A) aldehyde
B) carboxyl
C) carbonyl
D) ketone
32)
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E) hydroxyl
33) Which of these classes of biological molecules consist of both small molecules and macromolecular
polymers?
A) lipids
B) nucleic acids
C) proteins
D) carbohydrates
E) lipids, carbohydrates, proteins, and nucleic acids all consist of only macromolecular polymers
33)
The following questions are based on the 15 molecules illustrated in Figure 5.8. Each molecule may be used once, more than
once, or not at all.
Figure 5.8
34) Which molecule is glycerol?
A) 14
B) 10
C) 6
D) 1
E) 15
35) Which of the following molecules consists of a hydrophilic "head" region and a hydrophobic "tail"
region?
A) 11
B) 9
C) 2
D) 5
E) 7
6
34)
35)
36) Which type of interaction stabilizes the
A) hydrophobic interactions
B) ionic bonds
C) disulfide bonds
D) hydrogen bonds
E) peptide bonds
helix and the
pleated sheet structures of proteins?
37) Lactose, a sugar in milk, is composed of one glucose molecule joined by a glycosidic linkage to one
galactose molecule. How is lactose classified?
A) as a monosaccharide
B) as a polysaccharide
C) as a disaccharide
D) as a hexose
E) as a pentose
36)
37)
The following questions are based on the 15 molecules illustrated in Figure 5.8. Each molecule may be used once, more than
once, or not at all.
Figure 5.8
38) Which of the following molecules is an amino acid with a hydrophobic R group or side chain?
A) 8
B) 3
C) 7
D) 13
E) 12
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38)
39) All of the following are polysaccharides except
A) chitin.
B) lactose.
C) amylopectin.
D) glycogen.
E) cellulose.
39)
40) The structural level of a protein least affected by a disruption in hydrogen bonding is the
A) quaternary level.
B) secondary level.
C) primary level.
D) tertiary level.
E) All structural levels are equally affected.
40)
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