Final Exam Review 5: Earth, Sun and Moon
Important Vocabulary
Orbit
Revolve
Rotate
Day
Season
Equinox
Phases of the moon High/low tides
Spring/neap tides
New moon
Crescent
Gibbous
Year
Solstice
Gravity
Waxing
Month
Angle of incidence
Full moon
Waning
Draw a diagram of the Sun-Earth-Moon system. Use arrows to show the motions of each object.
1) It takes one day for the Earth to make one complete _________________________ on its axis.
2) It takes one year for the Earth to make one _____________________________ around the sun.
3) What change would occur if Earth’s rate of rotation significantly decreased?
4) Why can we see the moon at night even though it does not produce any light?
5) During what phase of the moon does a lunar eclipse occur?
6) When the moon blocks the Earth from the sun a _____________________________________ occurs.
7) During what phase of the moon does a solar eclipse occur?
8) What is the order of the Earth, Sun and Moon during a lunar eclipse?
9) What is the order of the Earth, Sun and Moon during a solar eclipse?
10) A complete moon cycle is how many weeks? ___________________
11) How many low and high tides occur in one day? ___________ How often do high/low tides occur?
____________
12) When the sun/moon’s gravity are working together, this type of tide occurs. _____________________
13) When the sun’s/moon’s gravity are pulling away from each other at a 90 degree angle, this type of tide occurs.
________________________
14) What moon phase(s) occur during a spring tide? ______________________________
15) What moon phase(s) occur during a neap tide? _______________________________
16) This diagram represents which type of tide?
17) Can a solar eclipse and a spring tide ever occur at the same time? If so, when? _________________
18) Why can’t we see a new moon on Earth?
19) What does waxing mean?
20) What does waning mean?
21) Why does the appearance of the moon change during the month AS VIEWED FROM EARTH?
Final Exam Review 6: Geologic Time
Important Vocabulary
Geologic time scale
Era
Fossil record
Strata
Extinction events
Faulting
Relative dating
Absolute dating
Period
Superposition
Folding
Radiometric dating
Fossil
Index fossil
Unconformity
Half-life
Explain the following in your own words
Law of Superposition:
Principle of Cross-Cutting Relationship:
Principle of Inclusion:
Describe how relative dating is used to interpret the history of the earth.
What are index fossils and how are they used by geologists?
Define half-life and explain how it helps determine an object’s absolute age.
Gold 198 has a half-life of 2.5 days. How much of a 100.0 g sample is left after 10 days?
An element has a half-life of 1.2 million years. What fraction of parent element is left after 4.8 million years?
How is the geologic time scale arranged? What does it show?
When did the major extinction events happen? What caused these events?
Final Exam Review 7: Genetics, Artificial and Natural Selection and Evolution
Important Vocabulary
Trait
Gene
Allele
Dominant
Recessive
Codominant
Incomplete dominance Genotype
Phenotype
Homozygous
Heterozygous
Mendel
Punnett Square
Variation
Inheritance
Selection
Artificial selection
Natural Selection
Population
Environment
Generation
Offspring
Selective pressure
Adaptation
Chromosome
Sexual reproduction
Mutation
Fitness
Mitosis
Meiosis
Sexual reproduction
Asexual
reproduction
DNA
How is natural selection related to genetics?
Compare and contrast artificial and natural selection.
Describe an example of Natural Selection that we DID NOT discuss in class. (You may have to do an internet
search for this)
List and describe 4 lines of evidence that support the idea that life on earth has changed over time. (Evolution)
Line of Evidence
1.
2.
3.
4.
Description
Example