Rate your agreement with the
following statement: I take pride in
the region of the country where I live.
A. Strongly agree
B. Somewhat agree
C. Somewhat disagree
D. Strongly disagree
A.
B.
C.
D.
A
B
C
D
Chapter 10 Growth and
Expansion (1790-1825)
Section 3 Unity and Sectionalism
How were nation-building issues
resolved in the early 1800s?
After the War of 1812
• After the War of 1812,
there weren’t political
divisions
• Election of 1816Republican James
Monroe saw almost no
opposition
• The Federalists
weakened after by their
doubts of loyalty during
the War of 1812
• Even though the
Federalist Party almost
disappeared, many of its
programs gained
popularity
• Including support for
tariffs to protect industries
and a national bank
Which principle of the Federalist Party remained
even after the Party itself dissolved?
A. Support for tariffs to
protect industry
B. The abolishment of
taxation altogether
C. Support of state sovereignty
D. The dissolution of the
national bank
A.
B.
C.
D.
A
B
C
D
The Era of Good Feelings
• Political differences among
citizens seemed to fade
• A Boston newspaper called in
the Era of Good Feelings
• James Monroe symbolized
these good feelingsrepresenting a united
America
• Monroe traveled the country
without a escort
• Monroe felt there was a
“desire in the body of the
people to show their
attachment to the union”
• 1820- Monroe was reelected
• Received all but one electoral
vote
Sectionalism
• Regional differences soon
brought an end to the Era of
Good Feelings
• Most Americans felt a strong
allegiance to the region where
they lived
• They thought of themselves as
Westerners or Southerners or
Northerners
• This sectionalism grew more
intense over national policies
• The Southerners supported
slavery and the rights of the
states to govern themselves
• Southerners felt the federal
government and the people in
the North interfered with the right
to maintain the institution of
slavery
• The three regions disagreed on
tariffs, a national bank, and
internal improvements
John C. Calhoun
• A War Hawk from South
Carolina
• Supported internal
improvements, development of
industries, and a national bank
• He believed these would
benefit the South
• In the 1820s, Calhoun’s views
began to change
• He became the chief supporter
of state sovereignty (States
have the right to govern
themselves)
• Became a strong opponent of
national programs
• Calhoun and Southerners
opposed tariffs because they
raised the prices of
manufactured goods that they
could not make themselves
• Said tariffs protected inefficient
manufacturers
Daniel Webster
• From New Hampshire
• First supported free trade
and shipping interests of
New England
• Webster came to favor the
tariff of 1816, which
protected American
industries from foreign
competition
• Also supported other
policies that would
strengthen the nation and
help the North
• Webster was a great
speaker
• “Liberty and Union, now and
forever, one and
inseparable!”
Henry Clay
• From Kentucky
• Was a War
Hawk
• Represented
the West
• National leader
• Tried to resolve
sectional
disputes
Sectional Tension in 1820
• Over slavery in states
when they joined the
Union
• The South wanted
Missouri admitted as a
slave state
• Northerners wanted it to
be a free state
• At the same time, Maine
(Part of Mass.) applied
for statehood
• Henry Clay helped make
a compromise that
preserved the balance
between North and
South
The Missouri Compromise
• Of 1820
• Admitted Missouri
as a slave state
and Maine as a free
state
• Slavery was
banned north of the
36°30‘N parallel
• Clay believed this
would benefit all
sections
The American System
• Clay called this the
American System and
included 3 parts
• 1. Protective tariff
• 2. program of internal
improvements
• 3. A National bank
• Many Southerners did
not see the benefits of
the tariffs or internal
improvements
• In the End, little of
Clay’s system went into
effect
Which of these is not part of Henry Clay’s
“American System” proposal?
A. Protective tariffs
B. The admission of Maine
as a free state
C. A program of internal
improvements
D. A national bank
A.
B.
C.
D.
A
B
C
D
•
•
•
•
•
•
McCulloch
v.
Maryland
The Supreme Court also was
involved in the sectional and
states’ rights issues
The National government was
strengthened
Maryland put a tax on the National
Bank and the Bank refused to pay
it
Chief Justice John Marshall ruled
that Maryland had no right to tax
the Bank
Marshall ruled that a state
government could not interfere
with a federal agency that was
using constitutional powers in that
state
The tax was interfering with the
bank and its constitutional powers
and was unconstitutional
Gibbons v. Ogden
• Established that states
could not pass laws that
interfere with
congressional powers in
interstate commerce
• Those that supported
states’ rights believed that
this decision increased
federal power
• At the expense of the
states
Foreign Affairs- Relations With Britain
• 1817 Rush-Bagot TreatyThe US and Britain agreed to
limit the number of naval
vessels on the Great Lakes
• Also remove weapons on the
border
• Convention of 1818- Set the
boundary of the Louisiana
Territory between the US
and Canada at the 49th
parallel
• Also a secure and
demilitarized border
• Through the efforts of
Secretary of State, John
Quincy Adams, Americans
gained the right to settle the
Oregon Country
Foreign Affairs- Relations With Spain
• Spain owned East Florida
and claimed West Florida
• The US argued that West
Florida was part of the
Louisiana Purchase
• In 1810 and 1812- The US
added parts of West Florida
to Louisiana and Mississippi
• Spain objected but took no
action
• General Andrew Jackson
was ordered to stop
Seminole raids on America
from Florida
• April 1818- Jackson invaded
Florida (Without permission)
and took Spanish forts
• The Spanish did nothing
about it
Adams–Onís Treaty and Mexico
• 1819- Adams–Onís TreatyThe US gained Florida
• In return, the US gave up
claims to Spanish Texas
• The US also gained a territory
in the Pacific Northwest
• In 1810- A priest, Miguel
Hidalgo, led a rebellion in
Mexico
• Hidalgo called for racial
equality and redistribution of
land
• The Spanish defeated the
revolutionaries and executed
Hidalgo
• 1821- Mexico gained
independence
Bolívar and San Martín
• Simón Bolívar led the
independence
movement in
Venezuela, Columbia,
Panama, Bolivia, and
Ecuador
• José de San Martín led
the independence
movements in Chile
and Peru
• By 1824- Spain lost
control of most of
South America
The Monroe Doctrine
• 1822- The Quadruple
Alliance (France, Austria,
Russia, and Prussia)
discussed plans to regain its
American holdings
• The possibility of increased
European involvement in
North America led President
Monroe to take action
• December 2, 1823- The
Monroe Doctrine
• North and South America
“are henceforth not to be
considered as future
colonization by any
European powers.”
• This became an important
element in American foreign
policy
Goals of Monroe Doctrine
• To protect the independence of
new Latin American nations
• To keep Russia from moving
south into the U.S. from Alaska.
Which of the following was NOT part of the
Missouri Compromise?
A. Missouri would be admitted
as a slave state.
B. Maine would be admitted
as a free state.
C. Florida was admitted as
a slave state.
D. Slavery was banned in a
certain portion of the
Louisiana Territory.
A.
B.
C.
D.
A
B
C
D
How were nation-building issues
resolved in the early 1800s?
1. Sectional differences brought about the
Missouri Compromise
2. The Supreme Court issued decisions
that strengthen the power of the federal
government over state governments
3. Territorial issues were resolved in
agreements with Britain and Spain, while
the Monroe doctrine stopped further land
disputes with European countries
Chapter 10 Section 4 Quiz
According to the Adams-Onís Treaty, the United
States gained East Florida, retained West Florida,
and gave up all claims to Spanish Texas.
1. True
2. False
Who believed high tariffs raised the
prices of manufactured goods?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Daniel Webster
Henry Clay
John C. Calhoun
John Marshall
What called for a tariff to stimulate
growth of American industries?
1.
2.
3.
4.
American System
Embargo Act
Urban growth
National Bank
What agreement set the official border
between Canada and the United
States?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Rush-Bagot Treaty
Monroe Doctrine
Convention of 1818
Adams-Onis Treaty
Created in 1823, what became an
important part of American foreign
policy?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Monroe Doctrine
Convention of 1818
Adams-Onis Treaty
Rush-Bagot Treaty