SCHOOL OF DIVINITY, HISTORY AND PHILOSOPHY
ACADEMIC SESSION 2013-2014
HI 354R: Communists, Capitalists & Colonialists:
Republican China 1911-1949
30 Credits; 12 Weeks
PLEASE NOTE CAREFULLY:
The full set of school regulations and procedures is contained in the
Undergraduate Student Handbook which is available online at your
MyAberdeen page. Students are expected to familiarise themselves not only
with the contents of this leaflet but also with the contents of the Handbook.
Therefore, ignorance of the contents of the Handbook will not excuse the
breach of any school regulation or procedure.
You must familiarise yourself with this important information at the
earliest opportunity.
COURSE CO-ORDINATOR
Dr Isabella Jackson, [email protected].
01224 273676; Room 102, Crombie Annexe
Office hours: See MyAberdeen page.
DISCIPLINE ADMINISTRATION:
Mrs Barbara McGillivray/Mrs Gillian Brown
50-52 College Bounds
Room CBLG01
01224 272199/272454
[email protected]
TIMETABLE
Please refer to the online timetable on MyAberdeen
Students can view the University Calendar at
http://www.abdn.ac.uk/students/13027.php
1
COURSE DESCRIPTION
The 1911 Revolution brought down the last emperor of China, ending over
2,000 years of imperial rule and ushering in the Republican period. But the
young nation faced many challenges, from foreign imperialism to the titanic
struggle between the Communist and Nationalist Parties. This course
provides an in-depth study of the development of Republican China and the
major debates concerning its history. Students will draw on the recent
outpouring of new historiography, due in part to the new availability of archival
resources in mainland China, as well as engaging directly with revealing
primary materials (in English), to gain a thorough understanding of this period
of intense and formative change for modern China.
INTENDED AIMS AND LEARNING OUTCOMES
Students will gain a thorough understanding of Republican China and the
various approaches taken to its study by historians. They will be able to
assess the strengths and weaknesses of such models as 'western impactChina response' and 'China-centred history' to evaluate the work of scholars.
They will also be able to synthesise their understanding with an analysis of
primary sources to undertake their own independent research into the period.
Students' intellectual abilities will be stretched and enhanced and they will
strengthen their skills in group-work, oral presentations, independent study,
and the construction and presentation of compelling arguments.
Students will gain the ability to:
 Identify and outline the key factors and themes relating to the
development of China over the course of the first half of the 20th
century.
 Discuss critically the intellectual and practical challenges of
combining an 'internal' and 'external' perspective on modern
Chinese History.
 Engage in effective team-work required for interaction in a seminar.
 Give effective and meaningful presentations in class.
 Pursue research centred on their individual interests as these
emerge during the course and recognise the skills and practices
which facilitate such research.
 Appreciate a challenging environment where debate, academic
criticism, evaluation of disparate analyses and the synthesis and
testing of the student’s own explanatory models allow the student to
develop the skills, values and attitudes of a good historian.
 Identify, analyse and synthesise primary and secondary sources,
and to evaluate disparate and conflicting data and arguments.
 Research, construct and present essays based on relevant written,
visual and electronic sources.
 Develop IT skills relating to word processing, data (including
bibliographic) production, presentation and analysis and the use of
the internet.
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This course develops key skills that will enhance the employability of
graduates in several areas including: literacy, information literacy, editing and
report writing, public speaking, visual appreciation and presentation. In
addition, engagement with social, historical, cultural, economic and political
subject matter relating to one of the world's most important societies will equip
students with an up-to-date and sophisticated appreciation of China's position
in the contemporary world and its sometimes ambivalent attitude towards 'the
West'.
LECTURE/SEMINAR PROGRAMME
Please note that this schedule may be subject to variation as the course
progresses.
Week 1
1. Introduction: China under the Qing
2. The Fall of the Qing
Week 2
3. The founding of the new republic and the first presidents
4. China in the age of warlords
Week 3
5. Capital and the Chinese bourgeoisie
6. Work and poverty
Week 4
7. New Culture; New Politics: the May Fourth Movement
8. Colonialism in China: treaty ports and ‘informal empire’
Week 5
9. The May Thirtieth Incident and colonialism
10. The Birth of Chinese Communism
Week 6
11. Communism post-May Thirtieth: 1925-27
12. 1927: Conquest and Purge
Week 7
13. The Nanjing Decade 1927-37
14. Experiments in Communism: the Jiangxi Soviet
Week 8
15. Communism in retreat: the Long March
16. The Chinese Communist Party under Mao Zedong, 1935-49
3
Easter Break
Week 9: Reading Week
Week 10
17. The outbreak of the Sino-Japanese War, 1937
18. China’s long Second World War, 1937-45
Week 11
19. Civil War and Communist Victory
20. Nationalist China: a strong or a weak state?
Week 12
21. Concluding debate: was the Republic a ‘new China’?
22. Revision
READING LIST
In general, the topics covered in both sessions each week will be closely
related, so you should prepare for each week by reading both sets of
readings, planning and dividing your preparation time. You should read at
least 1-2 primary readings (where indicated) and at least 2-3 core readings for
each class, and draw on further reading according to interest or if you cannot
obtain enough of the core readings from the library. Wherever possible
readings will be provided on the MyAberdeen site if not accessible online
elsewhere, and additional primary sources may be added to the site. There
will inevitably be pressure on library resources (it is illegal under copyright law
for me to provide more than one chapter of a book on MyAberdeen), so
please be considerate to your classmates and read in the library where
possible or borrow books for the shortest period you can.
Further reading is an essential part of any course in History and will deepen
your understanding and enjoyment of the period and the discipline of history.
The footnotes and bibliographies of these books and articles are two sources
of further reading; the search-features of the library catalogue, browsing the
open shelves, and consulting the course co-ordinator are other ways forward.
A major outcome of a university education should be an ability to find
information on any topic within your field. You are encouraged to show
initiative in developing this ability.
1. Introduction: China under the Qing
Read one of the following:
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John King Fairbank and Merle Goldman, China: A New History (Cambridge,
Mass., 1992), chapters 8-12
Jonathan D. Spence, The Search for Modern China (New York, 1999),
chapters 7-11
Peter Zarrow, China in War and Revolution, 1895-1949 (London, 2005), pp. 129
2. The Fall of the Qing
Primary
Sun Yat-sen, ‘The Revolution is the Path to the Regeneration of China’, in
Franz Schurmann and Orville Schell (eds), Republican China:
Nationalism, War, and the Rise of Communism, 1911-1949 (New York,
1967), pp. 6-19
Core
Henrietta Harrison, The Making of the Republican Citizen: Political
Ceremonies and Symbols in China, 1911-1929 (Oxford, 2000), ch. 1
John King Fairbank and Merle Goldman, China: A New History (Cambridge,
Mass., 1992), chapter 12
Peter Zarrow, China in War and Revolution, 1895-1949 (London, 2005), pp.
30-74
Further
Paul Bailey, China in the Twentieth Century (Malden, Mass., 2001), pp. 14-67
Lucien Bianco, Origins of the Chinese Revolution, 1915-1949 (Stanford,
1971), pp. 1-26
Jonathan D. Spence, The Search for Modern China (New York, 1999),
chapters 11 and 12
Peter Zarrow, After Empire: the Conceptual Transformation of the Chinese
State, 1885-1924 (Stanford, 2012), chapter 6
Week 2
3. The founding of the new republic and the first presidents
Core
Julia C. Strauss, ‘The Evolution of Republican Government’, China Quarterly,
No. 150 (1987), 329-51
Peter Zarrow, After Empire: The Conceptual Transformation of the Chinese
State, 1885-1924 (Stanford, 2012), chapter 7
Further
Marie-Claire Bergère, The Golden Age of the Chinese Bourgeoisie, 19111937 (Cambridge, 1989), pp. 189-206
Ernest P. Young, The Presidency of Yuan Shih-k’ai: Liberalism and
Dictatorship in Early Republican China (Ann Arbor, 1977)
5
----, ‘Politics in the aftermath of revolution: the era of Yuan Shih-kai, 1912-16,
John J. Fairbank (ed.), Cambridge History of China, vol. 12, Republican
China Pt. I (Cambridge, 1983), pp. 208-255
Peter Zarrow, China in War and Revolution, 1895-1949 (London, 2005), pp.
75-94
4. China in the age of warlords
Primary
‘The Dog-Meat General’ in Patricia Ebrey (ed.), Chinese Civilization and
Society: A Sourcebook (New York, 1981 or 1993 ed.)
Core
Edward A. McCord, ‘Cries That Shake the Earth: Military Atrocities and
Popular Protests in Warlord China’, Modern China, Vol. 31, No. 1
(2005), 3-34
Arthur Waldron, From War to Nationalism: China's Turning Point, 1924-1925
(Cambridge, 1995), pp. 1-10 and according to interest
Further
James Sheridan, ‘The Warlord Era: Politics and Militarism under the Peking
Government, 1916-28’, in John J. Fairbank (ed.), Cambridge History of
China, vol. 12, Republican China Pt. I (Cambridge, 1983), pp. 284-321
David Strand, Rickshaw Beijing: City People and Politics in the 1920s
(Berkeley, 1989), chapter 9
Week 3
5. Capital and the Chinese bourgeoisie
Core
Marie-Claire Bergère, The Golden Age of the Chinese Bourgeoisie, 19111937 (Cambridge, 1989), pp. 99-139
EITHER: Bryna Goodman, "What is in a Network? Local, Personal and Public
Loyalties and Conceptions of the State and Social Welfare, in Nara
Dillon and Jean Chun Oi (eds), At the Crossroads of Empires,
Middlemen, Social Networks, and Statebuilding in Republican
Shanghai (Stanford, 2007), pp. 155-78
OR: Bryna Goodman, ‘Being Public: The Politics of Representation in 1918
Shanghai’, Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies, Vol. 60, No. 1 (2000),
45-88
Further
Parks M. Coble, The Shanghai Capitalists and the Nationalist Government,
1927-1937 (Cambridge, MA, 1980), pp. 13-27
Marie-Claire Bergère, Shanghai: China’s Gateway to Modernity (Stanford,
2009), pp. 147-76
Peter Zarrow, China in War and Revolution, 1895-1949 (London, 2005), chs
5-6
6
Zhang Guohui, ‘The Emergence and Development of China’s Modern
Capitalist Enterprises’, in Frederic Wakeman, Jr. and Wang Xi (eds),
China’s Quest for Modernization: A Historical Perspective (Berkeley,
1997), pp. 234-49
6. Work and poverty
Primary
‘The Life of Beggars’ in Patricia Ebrey (ed.), Chinese Civilization and Society:
A Sourcebook (New York, 1981 or 1993 ed.)
Core
Janet Chen, Guilty of Indigence: the Urban Poor in China, 1900-1953
(Princeton, 2012), Introduction
Rana Mitter, A Bitter Revolution: China’s Struggle with the Modern World
(Oxford, 2004), pp. 69-101
David Strand, Rickshaw Beijing: City People and Politics in the 1920s
(Berkeley, 1989), chapter 3 and more according to interest
Further
Christian Henriot, ‘Slums, Squats, or hutments? Constructing and
Deconstructing an In-Between Space in Modern Shanghai (1926-65)’,
Frontiers of History in China, Vol. 7, No. 4 (2012), 499-528
Xavier Paules, ‘In Search of Smokers: A Study of Canton Opium Smokers in
the 1930s’, East Asian History, No. 29 (2005), pp. 107-128
http://www.eastasianhistory.org/sites/default/files/articlecontent/29/EAH29_04.pdf
Week 4
7. New Culture; New Politics: the May Fourth Movement
Primary
Hu Shih, ‘The Chinese Renaissance’, in Franz Schurmann and Orville Schell
(eds), Republican China: Nationalism, War, and the Rise of
Communism, 1911-1949 (New York, 1967), pp. 52-62
Read some (or all) of Lu Xun, A Madman’s Diary, first published in Chinese in
1918. It is available in a number of edited collections of Lu Xun’s work
in the library, and online.
Core
Edward X. Gu, ‘Who Was Mr Democracy? The May Fourth Discourse of
Populist Democracy and the Radicalization of Chinese Intellectuals
(1915-1922)’, Modern Asian Studies, Vol. 35, No. 3 (2001), 589-621
Rana Mitter, A Bitter Revolution: China’s Struggle with the Modern World
(Oxford, 2004), pp. 1-68
Peter Zarrow, China in War and Revolution, 1895-1949 (London, 2005), chs
7-8
Wen-hsin Yeh, ‘Middle County Radicalism: The May Fourth Movement in
Hangzhou’, China Quarterly, No. 140 (1994), 903-25. (The same piece
7
can also be found in Frederic Wakeman, Jr. and Wang Xi (eds),
China’s Quest for Modernization: A Historical Perspective (Berkeley,
1997), pp. 22-49.)
Further
Marie-Claire Bergère, The Golden Age of the Chinese Bourgeoisie, 19111937 (Cambridge, 1989), pp. 207-227
Leigh Jenco, ‘Culture as History: Envisioning Change Across and Beyond
"Eastern" and "Western" Civilizations in the May Fourth Era’,
Twentieth-Century China, Vol. 38, No. 1 (2013) pp. 34-52
Other articles in special issue on May Fourth in Twentieth-Century China, Vol.
38, No. 1 (2013)
8. Colonialism in China: treaty ports and ‘informal empire’
Primary
Correspondence in the North China Herald, 16 July 1927 (on ‘unequal
treaties’ and Sino-foreign relations) – on Blackboard
Sun Yat-sen, ‘China as a “hypo-colony”’
Core
Robert Bickers, Britain in China: Community, Culture and Colonialism, 19001949 (Manchester, 1999), pp. 22-66
Bryna Goodman and David S. G. Goodman, ‘Introduction: Colonialism and
China’ in Bryna Goodman and David S. G. Goodman (eds), TwentiethCentury Colonialism and China: Localities, the Everyday and the World
(London, 2012), pp. 1-22
Further
James Carter, ‘Struggle for the Soul of a City: Nationalism, Imperialism and
Racial Tension in 1920s Harbin’, Modern China, Vol. 27, No. 1 (2001),
pp. 91-116. http://mcx.sagepub.com/content/27/1/91.full.pdf+html
Albert Feuerwerker, ‘Japanese Imperialism in China: A Commentary’ in Peter
Duus, Ramon H. Myers, and Mark R. Peattie (eds.), The Japanese
Informal Empire in China, 1895-1937 (Princeton, 1989), pp. 431-8, and
other parts of this volume (327.52051 JAP)
Bryna Goodman and David S. G. Goodman (eds), Twentieth-Century
Colonialism and China: Localities, the Everyday and the World
(London, 2012), chapters according to interest
Week 5
9. The May Thirtieth Incident and colonialism
Primary
H. G. W. Woodhead, The Truth about the Chinese Republic (London, 1925),
pp. 79-110
Core
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Robert Bickers, Empire Made Me: An Englishman adrift in Shanghai (London,
2003), pp. 163-76
Arthur Waldron, From War to Nationalism: China's Turning Point, 1924-1925
(Cambridge, 1995), pp. 241-62
Further
Robert Bickers, Britain in China: Community, Culture and Colonialism, 19001949 (Manchester, 1999), pp. 115-216
Albert Feuerwerker, ‘The Foreign Presence in China’, in John J. Fairbank
(ed.), Cambridge History of China, vol. 12, Republican China Pt. I
(Cambridge, 1983), pp. 128-207
10. The Birth of Chinese Communism
Primary
‘The Mainfesto of the CCP (November 1920)’, ‘The First Congress of the CCP
(August 1921)’, ‘The First Program of the CCP (July-August 1921)’ and
‘The First decision as to the Objects of the CCP (July-August 1921)’, in
Tony Saitch (ed.), The Rise to Power of the Chinese Communist Party:
Documents and Analysis (Armonk, New York, 1996), pp. 11-19
Core
Rana Mitter, A Bitter Revolution: China’s Struggle with the Modern World
(Oxford, 2004), pp. 102-52
S. A. Smith, A Road is Made: Communism in Shanghai, 1920-1927
(Richmond, 2000), pp. 9-30 and according to interest
Peter Zarrow, China in War and Revolution, 1895-1949 (London, 2005), ch 10
Further
Mechthild Leutner, The Chinese Revolution in the 1920s: Between Triumph
and Disaster (London, 2002), Part I
Alexander V. Pantsov, ‘Comintern Activists in China: Spies of Theorists?’ in
Anne-Marie Brady and Douglas Brown (eds), Foreigners and Foreign
Institutions in Republican China (London, 2013), pp. 93-108
C. Martin Wilbur, 'The Nationalist Revolution: from Canton to Nanking,' in
John J. Fairbank (ed.), Cambridge History of China, vol. 12, Republican
China Pt. I (Cambridge, 1983), pp. 528-39.
Week 6
11. Communism post-May Thirtieth: 1925-27
Primary
‘Resolution on the Current Political Situation in China and the Tasks of the CP
(October 1925)’ and ‘Resolution on the Relations Between the CCP
and the GMD (October 1925)’, in Tony Saich (ed), The Rise to Power
of the Chinese Communist Party: Documents and Analysis (Armonk,
New York, 1996), pp. 152-8, 161-3 (951.04 RIS)
9
Core
Marie-Claire Bergère, The Golden Age of the Chinese Bourgeoisie, 19111937 (Cambridge, 1989), pp. 227-41
Lucien Bianco, Origins of the Chinese Revolution, 1915-1949 (Stanford,
1971), pp. 53-61
S. A. Smith, A Road is Made: Communism in Shanghai, 1920-1927
(Richmond, 2000), pp. 130-144 and according to interest
Further
Lawrence Sullivan, Leadership and Authority in China: 1895-1976 (Lanham,
Md., 2012) chapter 3
Alexander Pantsov, The Bolsheviks and the Chinese Revolution, 1919-1927
(Richmond, 2000)
12. 1927: Conquest and Purge
Core
C. Wilbur, The Nationalist Revolution in China, 1923-1928 (Cambridge, 1984),
pp. 170-94
Peter Zarrow, China in War and Revolution, 1895-1949 (London, 2005), pp.
248-70
Further
Lucien Bianco, Origins of the Chinese Revolution, 1915-1949 (Stanford,
1971), pp. 108-139
Hans van de Ven, War and Nationalism in China, 1925-1945 (London, 2003),
pp. 94-130
Week 7
13. The Nanjing Decade 1927-37
Core
Federica Ferlanti, ‘The New Life Movement in Jiangxi Province, 1934–1938’,
Modern Asian Studies, Vol. 44, No. 5 (2010), 961-1000
Frederic Wakeman, Jr., “A Revisionist View of the Nanjing Decade: Confucian
Fascism”, China Quarterly, No. 150, Special Issue: Reappraising
Republic China (June 1997), 395-432
Hans van de Ven, War and Nationalism in China, 1925-1945 (London, 2003),
ch 4
Or Hans van de Ven, ‘The Military in the Republic’, China Quarterly, No. 150,
Special Issue: Reappraising Republic China (June 1997), 352-74 –
focus particularly on the later section of the article on the Nanjing
Decade
Further
Arif Dirlik, ‘The Ideological Foundations of the New Life Movement: A Study in
Counterrevolution’, Journal of Asian Studies, Vol. 34, No. 4 (1975),
945-980
10
Frederic Wakeman, Jr., ‘Licensing Leisure: The Chinese Nationalists' Attempt
to Regulate Shanghai, 1927-49’, Journal of Asian Studies, Vol. 54, No.
1 (1995), 19-42
14. Experiments in Communism: the Jiangxi Soviet
Primary
Mao Zedong, ‘A Single Spark can start a Prairie Fire’ (letter to Lin Biao, 5
January 1930),
http://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/mao/selected-works/volume1/mswv1_6.htm
----. ‘How to Differentiate the Classes in the Rural Areas’ (October 1933),
http://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/mao/selected-works/volume1/mswv1_8.htm
Edgar Snow, Red Star Over China (London, 1937), pp. 164-75
Core
Stephen C. Averill, ‘The Transition from Urban to Rural in the Chinese
Revolution’, China Journal, No. 48 (July 2002), 87-121
Peter Zarrow, China in War and Revolution, 1895-1949 (London, 2005), pp.
271-93
Further
Stephen C. Averill, ‘The Origins of the Futian Incident’, in Tony Saich and
Hans van de Ven (eds), New Perspectives on the Chinese Revolution
(Armonk, New York, 1994), pp. 79-115
----, “Party, Society, and Local Elite in the Jiangxi Communist Movement”,
Journal of Asian Studies, Vol. 46, No. 2 (May, 1987), 279-303
Lucien Bianco, Origins of the Chinese Revolution, 1915-1949 (Stanford,
1971), pp. 61-81
Week 8
15. Communism in retreat: the Long March
Primary
Edgar Snow, Red Star Over China (London, 1937), Part 5: The Long March;
and Part 3 (chapters 1, 2 and 5 of this part) and Part 4, on Mao’s life.
Father Eymard, extract in Roger Pelissier, The Awakening of China, 17931949, ed. and trans. by Martin Kieffer (London, 1963), pp. 336-9
Core
Sun Shuyun, The Long March (London, 2008), chapter 5, to be read in
conjunction with Timothy Cheek’s review in International Journal, Vol.
64, No. 1 (2008), pp. 302-304
Brantly Womack, ‘From Urban Radical to Rural Revolutionary: Mao from the
1920s to 1937’, in Timothy Cheek (ed.), A Critical Introduction to Mao
(Cambridge, 2010), pp. 61-86
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Further
Jonathan Spence, The Search for Modern China (London, 1999), pp. 397-403
16. The Chinese Communist Party under Mao Zedong, 1935-49
Primary
Documents 1-4 from chapter one of Gregor Benton and Alan Hunter (eds),
Wild Lily, Prairie Fire: China's Road to Democracy, Yan'an to
Tian'anmen, 1942-1989 (Princeton, 1995)
Core
Lucien Bianco, Peasants Without the Party: Grass-roots Movements in
Twentieth Century China (Armonk, New York, 2001), chapter 3
Pauline Keating, ‘The Yan'an Way of Co-Operativization’, China Quarterly,
No. 140 (1994), 1025-51
Peter Zarrow, China in War and Revolution, 1895-1949 (London, 2005), pp.
324-36
Further
Timothy Cheek (ed.), A Critical Introduction to Mao (Cambridge, 2010)
Joseph W. Esherick, ‘Deconstructing the Construction of the Party-State:
Gulin County in the Shaan-Gan-Ning Border Region’, China Quarterly,
No. 140 (1994), 1052-1079
Mark Seldon, ‘Yan'an Communism Reconsidered’, Modern China, Vol. 21,
No. 1 (1995), 8-44
Maurice Meisner, Mao’s China and After: A History of the People’s Republic
(New York, 1999), chapter 4
Lyman van Slyke, 'The Communist Movement, 1937-1945,' in John K.
Fairbank and Albert Feuerwerker (eds), The Cambridge History of
China, Vol. 13, Republican China 1912-1949, pt. II (Cambridge, 1986),
pp. 609-722
Easter Break
Week 9: Reading Week
Week 10
17. The outbreak of the Sino-Japanese War, 1937
Primary
Sherman Cochran, Andrew C. K. Hsieh and Janis Cochran (eds), One Day in
China: May 21, 1936 (New Haven, 1983): read one item from Part IV:
‘“Chinese Traitors” and the Enemy’, pp. 201-46
Extracts from the family letters of Dr Robert Wilson, Nanjing, December 1927,
from Timothy Brook (ed.), Documents of the Rape of Nanking (Ann
Arbor, 1999)
12
Core
Daqing Yang, “Convergence or Divergence? Recent Historical Writings on the
Rape of Nanjing”, American Historical Review, Vol. 104, No. 3 (June
1999), 842-65
Fogel, Joshua (ed.), The Nanjing Massacre in History and Historiography.
(Berkeley, 2000), chapter 1
Rana Mitter, China’s War with Japan, 1937-1945: the Struggle for Survival
(London, 2013), chapter 4
Further
Iris Chang, The Rape of Nanking: the Forgotten Holocaust of World War II
(London, 1998)
Donald A. Jordan, China's Trial by Fire: the Shanghai War of 1932 (Ann
Arbor, 2001)
Hualing Hu and Lian-hong Zhang (eds.), The Undaunted Women of Nanking:
the Wartime Diaries of Minnie Vautrin and Tsen Shui-fang (Carbondale,
Ill., 2010)
Toby Lincoln, “Fleeing from firestorms: government, cities, native place
associations and refugees in the Anti-Japanese War of Resistance”,
Urban History, Vol. 38, (December 2011), pp. 437-56
Rana Mitter, The Manchurian Myth: Nationalism, Resistance and
Collaboration in Modern China (Berkeley, 2000)
Xiaohong Xu and Lynn Spillman, ‘Political Centers, Progressive Narrative, and
Cultural Trauma: Coming to Terms with the Nanjing Massacre in China,
1937-1979’ in Mikyoung Kim and Barry Schwartz (eds), Northeast
Asia's Difficult Past: Essays in Collective Memory (Basingstoke, 2010),
pp. 101-128
18. China’s long Second World War, 1937-45
Primary
‘CCP Declaration on the War in the Pacific (9 December 1941)’, in Tony Saich
(ed), The Rise to Power of the Chinese Communist Party: Documents
and Analysis (Armonk, New York, 1996), pp. 965-6
‘Generalissimo Jiang on National Identity’, in Patricia Ebrey (ed.), Chinese
Civilization and Society: A Sourcebook (New York, 1993) (not in 1981
ed.)
Core
Hans van de Ven, War and Nationalism in China, 1925-1945 (London, 2003),
chapters 5-7
Rana Mitter and Aaron William Moore, ‘Introduction’, Modern Asian Studies,
Vol. 45, No. 2: Special Issue: China in World War II, 1937-1945:
Experience, Memory, and Legacy’, (March 2011), pp. 225-40 and one
other article from this special issue, according to your interest
Further
R. Keith Schoopa, In a Sea of Bitterness: Refugees During the Sino-Japanese
War (Cambridge, Mass.: 2011)
13
Rana Mitter, China’s War with Japan, 1937-1945: the Struggle for Survival
(London, 2013), especially chapter 10
----, A Bitter Revolution: China’s Struggle with the Modern World (Oxford,
2004), pp. 155-82
Week 11
19. Civil War and Communist Victory
Primary
Mao Zedong, ‘The Situation and our Policy after the Victory in the War of
Resistance Against Japan’ (13 August 1945) and ‘Strategy for the
Second Year of the War (1 September 1947)’
Core
Lucien Bianco, Peasants Without the Party: Grass-roots Movements in
Twentieth Century China (Armonk New York, 2001), chapter 11
Odd Arne Westad, Decisive Encounters: the Chinese Civil War, 1946-1950
(Stanford, 2003), pp. 33-66
Further
Lucien Bianco, Origins of the Chinese Revolution, 1915-1949 (Stanford,
1971), pp. 167-98
Lloyd Eastman, Seeds of Destruction: Nationalist China in War and
Revolution, 1937-1949 (Stanford, 1984), pp. 158-71, also chapter 8
and especially chapter 9, ‘Who Lost China?’
Peter Zarrow, China in War and Revolution, 1895-1949 (London, 2005), pp.
337-57
20. Nationalist China: a strong or a weak state?
Core
Julia C. Strauss, Strong Institutions in Weak Polities: State Building in
Republican China, 1927-1940 (Oxford, 1998), chapter 6
Rana Mitter, ‘Classifying Citizens in Nationalist China During World War II,
1937-1941’, Modern Asian Studies, Vol. 45, No. 2: Special Issue: China
in World War II, 1937-1945: Experience, Memory, and Legacy (March
2011), 243-75.
Week 12
21. Concluding debate: was the Republic a ‘new China’?
Core
Lloyd Eastman, Seeds of Destruction: Nationalist China in War and
Revolution, 1937-1949 (Stanford, 1984), pp. 216-26
22. Revision
14
GENERAL READING
Primary
Parliamentary Papers including Hansard records:
http://parlipapers.chadwyck.co.uk/home.do
Visual Shanghai http://www.virtualshanghai.net/
Visualizing China http://visualisingchina.net/
Arnold Wright (chief ed.), Twentieth Century Impressions of Hong Kong,
Shanghai and Other treaty ports of China (London, 1908):
http://www.archive.org/details/twentiethcentury00wriguoft - beware, very large
file
Ebrey, Patricia (ed.), Chinese Civilization and Society: A Sourcebook (New
York, 1981 or 1993 edition – they have slightly different contents)
Adam Mathew Digital (Here you can get a month's free access to their digital
collections)
Archive.org
Contemporary Journals (Many academic journals from the period are
available via JStor)
The Economist Digital Archive (covers 1843-2003)
Hansard
Historical Photographs of China
Marxists.org (for works by prominent CCP leaders, etc.)
A Pictorial History of the Republic of China: its Founding and Development
(Taipei, 1981), 2 vols.
Saitch, Tony (ed.), The Rise to Power of the Chinese Communist Party:
Documents and Analysis (Armonk, New York, 1996)
The Times Digital Archive (1785-1985)
Selected Academic Journals
China Quarterly
Journal of Asian Studies
Modern China
Twentieth Century China
Secondary
Bergère, Marie-Claire, The Golden Age of the Chinese Bourgeoisie 19111937, trans. by Janet Lloyd (Cambridge, 1989; first published as L’Age
d’or de la bourgeoisie chinoise in 1986)
Bickers, Robert, Britain in China: Community, Culture and Colonialism, 19001949 (Manchester, 1999)
Cohen, Paul A., Discovering History in China: American Historical Writing on
the Recent Chinese Past (New York, 1984)
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Duara, Prasenjit, Rescuing History from the Nation: Questioning Narratives of
Modern China (Chicago, 1995)
Eastman, Lloyd E., et al., The Nationalist Era in China, 1927–1949
(Cambridge, 1991), available on GoogleBooks
Esherick, Joseph W. (ed.), Remaking the Chinese City: Modernity and
National Identity, 1900-1950 (Honolulu, 2000)
Fairbank, John K. and Denis Twitchett (Gen. eds.), The Cambridge History of
China, Vols. 12 and 13, as well as 10 and 11 for background reading
Goodman, Bryna and David S. G. Goodman (eds), Twentieth-Century
Colonialism and China: Localities, the Everyday and the World
(London, 2012)
Kung, Edmund S. K., The Intellectual Foundations of Chinese Modernity:
Cultural and Political Thought in the Republican Era (Cambridge,
2010), available at www.ebooks.cambridge.org
Mitter, Rana, A Bitter Revolution: China’s Struggle with the Modern World
(Oxford, 2004)
Wakeman, Jr., Frederic and Wang Xi (eds), China’s Quest for Modernization:
A Historical Perspective (Berkeley, 1997)
Van de Ven, Hans, War and Nationalism in China, 1925-1945 (London, 2003)
Zarrow, Peter, China in War and Revolution, 1895-1949 (London, 2005)
ASSESSMENT
3 hour exam = 50%
Essay (max. 3,000 words) = 30%
Book review (1,000 words) = 10%
Seminar Participation (including presentation, engagement, etc.) = 10%
The resit is by examination alone (100%)
Feedback on all assessment should be timely and normally provided within a
maximum of three working weeks (excluding vacation periods) following the
deadline for submission of the assessment.
Please find the discipline specific Common Assessment Scale (CAS)
descriptors in MyAberdeen.
ESSAYS
Essays should be no more than 3,000 words long, including quotations and
footnotes but excluding the bibliography. Students should note that they will
be penalised for work which is either too long or too short. Essays should be
on a topic agreed with the course coordinator and students may not write an
essay on a topic which they have presented or will present in class.
Essays should draw on a wide range of secondary literature and some
primary sources. Please note the information below on the preferred
referencing style.
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BOOK REVIEW
The Book Review should be no more than 1,000 words, including quotations
and footnotes but excluding the bibliography (note that book reviews, like
essays, must be accompanied by a bibliography and properly referenced).
Students will be required to summarise the contents and main argument(s) of
the book and its contribution to the wider literature on the topic. Almost any
book on the reading list may be selected for review, but students should seek
the approval of the course coordinator prior to commencing work to ensure
the chosen book is suitable for the exercise.
SEMINAR PARTICIPATION
Students will each make one presentation on a topic assigned early in the
course. Presentations should be c. 15 minutes long and be accompanied by a
hand-out, providing a list of references and a discussion question to launch a
class discussion. PowerPoint may be used, but is not compulsory. You will be
expected to provide:



An overview of the topic under discussion
Discussion of the main historiographical arguments concerning that
topic
Consideration of the topic in the context of the course as a whole
You ought not only to summarize but also to present an argument within your
presentation.
Oral feedback will be provided by the course coordinator, and her assessment
of the presentation will be worth half of the mark for class participation (5%
total mark for course).
Students will be expected to prepare well for all classes and contribute their
reflections on the readings and topics constructively. The course coordinator’s
assessment of the students’ level of preparation for and contribution in
classes throughout the course will be worth half of the mark for class
participation (5% total mark for course).
ASSESSMENT DEADLINES
Book Review: 12 noon on Thursday 13th March (Week 6).
Essay: 12 noon on Tuesday 22nd April (Week 9).
SUBMISSION ARRANGEMENTS
The Department requires ONE hard and ONE electronic copy of all
assignments, as follows:
COPY 1:
One hard copy together with an Assessment cover sheet,
typed and double spaced – this copy should have your ID
number CLEARLY written on the cover sheet, with NO name
and NO signature but EVERYTHING ELSE filled in – and should
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be delivered to the History Department [Drop-off boxes located
in CB008, 50-52 College Bounds].
COPY 2:
One copy submitted through Turnitin via MyAberdeen.
EXAMINATION
Students will select and answer essay questions across the range of topics
covered in the course. The format will be discussed in advance and a sample
exam paper will be provided for revision.
Past exam papers can be viewed at http://www.abdn.ac.uk/library/learningand-teaching/for-students/exam-papers/.
REFERENCING
Every essay should be page numbered and have end/footnotes and a full
bibliography, comprising only works cited. Any material consulted but not cited
may be noted under an additional heading: ‘works consulted’. Please observe
the following guidelines.
Footnotes
You must give credit where credit is due. Quotations, paraphrases, statistics,
interpretations, and significant phraseology taken from books and articles
must be carefully and correctly cited in footnotes or endnotes. On the other
hand obvious facts on which all authors would agree need not be footnoted.
You should refer to the specific page or page range relevant, not to the whole
book/chapter/article. Footnotes need full stops, unlike references in a
Bibliography. For further information and guidance consult the School
Guidelines. Any style found in historical publications may be followed, as long
as it is used consistently, but one acceptable form for footnotes is indicated by
the following examples:
Book (monograph):
Peter Zarrow, China in War and Revolution, 1895-1949 (London, 2005), pp.
19-20.
Multi-volume work:
A Pictorial History of the Republic of China: its Founding and Development (2
vols., Taipei, 1981), Vol. 2, p. 2.
Chapter in an edited book:
Albert Feuerwerker, ‘Japanese Imperialism in China: A Commentary’ in Peter
Duus, Ramon H. Myers, and Mark R. Peattie (eds.), The Japanese
informal Empire in China, 1895-1937 (Princeton, 1989), pp. 432-3.
Article in a journal (omit ‘The’ at the beginning of journal titles):
Daqing Yang, “Convergence or Divergence? Recent Historical Writings on the
Rape of Nanjing”, American Historical Review, Vol. 104, No. 3 (June
1999), 848.
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In citing a work for which the publication data has been given in an earlier
footnote, it is not necessary to repeat the same data in full. Simply write the
author’s surname, an abbreviated title (omitting ‘The’ or ‘A/An’ if there is one
at the beginning of the title) and the page number, as follows:
Hans van de Ven, War and Nationalism in China, 1925-1945 (London, 2003),
p. 51.
Rana Mitter, A Bitter Revolution: China’s Struggle with the Modern World
(Oxford, 2004), pp. 155-57.
Mitter, Bitter Revolution, p. 25.
Van de Ven, War and Nationalism, pp. 55-56.
Website:.
Connie Fan and April Ma, ‘A Brief Look at the Rotary Club of Shanghai from
1919 to 1949’ (Rotary Club of Shanghai, 2006),
<http://www.rotaryshanghai.org/index.php?id=6&lang=en>, accessed
27 June 2010
N.B. Show caution when using sources from the Internet: publications are
subject to peer review by other academics, which material you find online may
not be.
Bibliography
Your paper should also include a bibliography. Bibliographies should be
arranged in alphabetical order by author’s surname and should distinguish
between primary and secondary sources. If citing a whole book do not include
page numbers. If citing an article in a book or journal, give the page numbers
of the whole article, as follows:
Primary Sources
Ebrey, Patricia (ed.), Chinese Civilization and Society: A Sourcebook (New
York, 1993) – if you have consulted multiple sources within one
volume. If you have only consulted one source from a given volume,
specify it, e.g.:
Mao Zedong, ‘Strategy for the Second Year of the War (1 September 1947)’ in
Tony Saich (ed), The Rise to Power of the Chinese Communist Party:
Documents and Analysis (Armonk, New York, 1996), pp. 1285-7 – note
that Mao is the surname so still appears first in a Bibliography.
Secondary Sources
Bickers, Robert, Britain in China: Community, Culture and Colonialism, 19001949 (Manchester, 1999)
Eastman, Lloyd E., et al., The Nationalist Era in China, 1927–1949
(Cambridge, 1991)
Esherick, Joseph W. (ed.), Remaking the Chinese City: Modernity and
National Identity, 1900-1950 (Honolulu, 2000)
Kung, Edmund S. K., The Intellectual Foundations of Chinese Modernity:
Cultural and Political Thought in the Republican Era (Cambridge, 2010)
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Mitter, Rana, A Bitter Revolution: China’s Struggle with the Modern World
(Oxford, 2004).
----, The Manchurian Myth: Nationalism, Resistance and Collaboration in
Modern China (Berkeley, 2000)
Mitter, Rana and Aaron William Moore, ‘Introduction’, Modern Asian Studies,
Vol. 45, No. 2: Special Issue: China in World War II, 1937-1945:
Experience, Memory, and Legacy’, (March 2011), 225-40
Yang, Daqing, “Convergence or Divergence? Recent Historical Writings on
the Rape of Nanjing”, American Historical Review, Vol. 104, No. 3
(June 1999), 842-65
Van de Ven, Hans, War and Nationalism in China, 1925-1945 (London, 2003)
Websites Full citations should also be given when material has been
accessed via the internet. As much of the following information as possible
should be provided:
Author, ‘Title of Article’, < http://www....>, 2001 (give date if known), accessed
1 January 2012 (date you last accessed the page)
For example:
Hibbard, Peter, ‘History of the Royal Asiatic Society China in Shanghai’,
<http://www.royalasiaticsociety.org.cn/v/index.php?option=com_conten
t&view=article&id=46:beginning-&catid=34:general-history&Itemid=62>,
accessed 15 January 2012
Plagiarism
‘Plagiarism is the use, without adequate acknowledgement, of the intellectual
work of another person in work submitted for assessment. A student cannot be
found to have committed plagiarism where it can be shown that the student has
taken all reasonable care to avoid representing the work of others as his/her
own.’
Plagiarism is a serious offence everywhere, both within and beyond the
academic community. All cases of suspected plagiarism will be reported to the
Head of School in the first instance and cannot be discussed with or determined
by a Tutor or course Co-ordinator.
Students MUST refer to the School’s Undergraduate Student Handbook for
more detailed information on what constitutes plagiarism, how to avoid it, and
what the University’s procedure is should plagiarism be suspected.
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