Protista and Fungi
Fungi
Protista
-eukaryotic
-multi and single cellular
– many singular
-consumers, producers,
and decomposers
-some movement
-algae like protists, plant
like protists, and animal
like protists
-protists are organisms
that do not fit into any
other kingdom

eukaryotic

Multi-cellular

Decomposers

No movement

Mushrooms, molds, and
slimes are examples

Some fungi are poisonous

Some are edible


They are heterotrophs that
are so different, they have
a kingdom
Fungus have rigid cell walls
and do not have chlorophyll
-most live in water
Noah Hermany, Nicole Longacre , Maddy
Frack , Marley Turbett
Protists

Protists are very diverse and have few
common traits– however, they are
grouped based on their similarities

Most protists are single-celled

Some produce food through photosynthesis

Others feed off of decaying organisms

Some can control their movement and
some cannot

All protists are eukaryotic

They completely differ from other kingdoms

Many protist heterotrophs get food from bacteria, yeast, or other small protists

Some protists are decomposers

Protists reproduce in several ways.

Some do asexually, some sexually, and some
protists reproduce in both ways

Most protists reproduce asexually

In asexual reproduction, offspring are identical
and only one parent is involved

Through binary fission a single-celled protist
splits into two

Paramecium sometimes reproduce sexually
through conjugation

Conjugation is when two induviduals join together and exchange genetic material to create
Types of Protists
Algae
-Many protists are producers
-they make food through a process called photosynthesis
-algae are producers and have a green pigment called chlorophyll
-almost all algae live in water
-algae that are made of many cells are called seaweed
-free-floating algae are called phytoplankton
-phytoplankton produce most of the world’s oxygen
-most of the world’s seaweed is red algae
-green algae are most diverse group of protest producers
-green algae are single-celled organisms
-some species of green algae live in colonies
-brown algae are the world’s largest algae

most algae have green pigment, but red algae has
a red pigment
Diatoms
-diatoms are single-cellular
-they live in salt and fresh water
-they make up a large percent of phytoplankton
-diatoms’ walls are glasslike material called silica
Dinoflagellates
-most are single- celled
-most live in salt water but some live in fresh water
-some even live in snow
- they move using flagella
-most use photosynthesis to produce food
- few are consumers, decomposers, or parasites
Euglenoids

euglenoids are single-celled protists

Most of them live in fresh water

They use flagella to move around

Many euglenoids are producers

When they cannot get sunlight to make food, they get food
by becoming heterotrophs

Some euglenoids are full time consumers or parasites

Because euglenoids can get food in several ways, they do not
fit into any other protist group
Moving Heterotrophs

some have special traits that allow them to move

Heterotrophs that can move are consumers or parasites

These kind of heterotrophs are called protozoans
Amoebas

many eat bacteria and small protists

Highly structured shells

Soft; jelly like protozoans

Found in both kinds of water, soil, and in hosts

Have contractile vacuoles that get rid of waste

Some are parasites that invade other organisms to get food

Parasites can cause some very bad diseases in they enter the body

An example of this is when a tick bites an animal and infects it
Amoebic Movement

amoebas move using pseudopodia-false feet

To move it uses the pseudopod away from the cell and then
the cell flows into the pseudopod
Amoebic Eating Process
Amoebas also use the pseudopod to catch food. First, the amoeba
senses s food source and moves towards it and puts the pseudopod around the food forming a food vacuole. Then enzymes move
in and digest it and the digested food then moves through the
food passageway. To get rid of the food, the amoeba moves the
food to the anal pore and then releases it.
Shelled Amoeba-Like Protests

Some have an outer shell


Radiolarian shells look like glass ordainments

Zooflagellates
Not all look shapeless
Foraminifera's have snail-like shells

They move by poking pseudopodia out of
pores in the
 They wave flagella back and forth to move
shells
 Some live in water while others live in other organisms

Some are parasites that can cause disease

One type of the parasite Giardia lamblia live in the digestive track of vertebrates

Another type of G. lamblia live in water, people who drink the water gets infected

Some Zooflagellates live in mutualism (with another organism
and helps them live)

Complex protests with hundreds of tiny hair like cilia


Ciliates
Cilia move back and forth to move
Cilia are also used for feeding and can move 60 times per second

A paramecium is the most well known genus of ciliates

A paramecium has two types of nucleus a large nucleus called a
macronuclei that controls that ciliates functions the other nucleus is
smaller and called a macronucleus that passes genes when reproducing
HETEROTROPHS THAT CAN’T MOVE
Not all heterotrophs have features that help them move. Some don't move at
all, while others can move only at certain stages in their lives.
Spore-forming protests

Many are parasites

They absorb nutrients from their hosts

They can not move on their own

They live complicated life cycles that usually include 2 or
more hosts

Water molds
Most are small single celled organisms

They live in water, moist soil, and other organisms

Some are decomposers but many are parasites

Slime molds
Their hosts include living plants, animals,
algae, and fungi

Can move at only certain stages of their lives

They look like colorful blobs of slime

They live in cool, moist places in the woods

They use pseudopodia to move and eat

They eat bacteria, yeast, and small bits of rotting matter

Slime molds live as gigantic cell with many nuclei and a single cytoplasm in one stage of
life

As long as food and water is available it will grow

One cell can grow to a meter long

Slime molds can come together as a group when food and water is scarce

When their environment is stressful they grow stalk like structures with knobs that contain spores

Spores are reproductive cells that can survive long periods without food and water

When conditions improve the spores become new slime molds
Fungi is a multicellular decomposer. It
has many forms and shapes. They can
attach on trees, rocks, and branches.
Some Fungi are camouflage some organisms can’t see them. Fungi produces asexually by the help of the wind carrying their
spores. Fungi have digestive juices for
breaking down dead organisms.
This is a
Lichen
There are many types of fungi. Some of the most
common are, lichens, Hypha, mold, and Heterography. Lichens are a combination of fungi and alga.
They are usually found on trees and rocks. A hypha
is a unicellular branch like structure found in fungi.
Mold is a threadlike structure, that can be black or
green. These major fungus will be explained into
more detail. Look for the name of fungi you want.

Lichens are multicellular decomposers.

They can change their
environment by making
it livable for other organisms. They can use
acids in their bodies to
create cracks in rocks

Lichens are made of a
fungus and algae

Mold is a mycelium type
of fungi.

This means that the hypha forms underground.

It is a fungus that is
shapeless and fuzzy
Threadlike fungi structure

Fungi can reproduce two ways.

Asexually or sexually.

In asexual reproduction the fungi make spores.

When a wind or animal come the spores attach.

Once they find a suitable home they detach. Sexual reproduction happens when fungi has sex cells
and then join to produce sexual spores. Finally the
sexual spores break off to become a new fungus.

Club fungi is the little umbrella like
mushrooms in movies.

These mushrooms can be poisonous to
humans if not checked out by a doctor.

Don’t get into the woods eating any
mushroom in site. This could be very
harmful.

Sac fungi is another type of fungi
that are more common to noticed.

This group is the largest and found
around your backyard.

They reproduce the same way as
other fungi.

Common fungi in this group are
yeast, truffles, and powdery mildews.

Imperfect fungi contains all
fungi that doesn’t really belong
to a certain group.

All of these fungi do not reproduce sexually.

This group is made mostly of
parasites that cause animal
and plant diseases.
Animal-Like Protists
They are called protozoans– they can move
They reflect the trait of animals
-this means they are consumers
An example is a parasite
All protozoans are mobile
Plant-Like Protists
These are called algae
They reflect the traits of plants– they are producers
Seaweed and phytoplankton are examples
Fungi-Like Protists
They are called heterotrophs
They reflect the traits of fungus– they are decomposers
Slime molds and water molds are examples
Vocabulary

A Protist is a member of the kingdom Protista.

A heterotroph is an organism that gets food
by eating other organisms or their byproducts and cannot make organic compounds
from organic materials

A parasite is an organism that invades another organism to get nutrients

An organism that a parasite invades is called
a host


Algae are eukaryotic organisms that convert
the sun’s energy into food through photosynthesis, but do not have roots, stems, or
leaves
Phytoplankton are microscopic, photosynthetic organisms that float near the surface
of marine or fresh water

Fungus are organisms whose cells have
a nuclei, rigid cell walls, and no chlorophyll and belongs to the kingdom Fungi

A hypha is a nonproductive filament of
a fungus

Mycelium are the mass of fungal filaments, or hyphae, that forms the body
of a fungus

A spore is a reproductive cell or multicellular structure that is resistant to
stressful environmental conditions and
that can develop into an adult without
fusing with another

A mold is a fungus that looks like wool
or cotton

A lichen is a mass of fungal and algal
cells that grow together in a symbiotic
relationship and that forms the body of
a fungus

Chloroplasts play in important role on
photosynthesis
More Vocab
Producer– an organism that produces its own food
Decomposer– an organism that breaks down dead or decaying things to get
food
Macronucleus– controls the functions of a ciliate’s cell
Cilia– tiny hair like structures
Diatoms– organisms that have cells that contain glass like substances called
silica
Foraminifera– organisms with snail like shells
Flagella– whip like strands that help protists move
Club fungi—a group of fungi to which mushrooms belong
Budding– a form of asexual reproduction used by yeasts