Sentence Types (Grammar #3) and Peer
Proofreading of Definition Essay
You need TWO printouts
of your second draft for
class today! If you do
not have them, run to
YBOR 303b and print!
TONIGHT’S HOMEWORK
(1) Begin finalizing 1000-word definition essay
(due next Tuesday),
(2) submit Grammar #2 (phrases and clauses) on
MyHCC / Canvas, AND
(3) read LBCH pp. 350-358, 375-387, and 391406 (or LR pp. 571-584) on citations and
expect a quiz, AND
(4) begin Grammar #3 (sentence types), due next
Thursday (Feb. 9) on Canvas
Use a variety of sentence structures to
avoid sounding like a robot.
Sentence Types
LBCH pp. 202-204
No sentence variety:
The diamond necklace was in the cabinet. It
was beautiful. Alberto picked the lock with
expertise. He opened the glass door slowly. He
held his breath. An alarm suddenly went off.
Sentence variety:
The diamond necklace, which was beautiful,
was in the cabinet. With expertise, Alberto
picked the lock. Opening the glass door slowly,
he held his breath. Suddenly, an alarm went off.
(pp. 202-204)
Clauses and Phrases
A CLAUSE is a group of words that
contains a subject and its verb (S+V).
the boy ran
it is
(from our previous
grammar lesson)
people talk
if you go
A PHRASE is a group of words that
does NOT contain a subject and its verb.
the boy next door
being hungry
people with loud voices
for a while
Sentence Types
Simple =
Compound = S+V, FANBOYS S+V.
S+V; S+V.
S+V; transition, S+V.
S+V.
Complex =
Compound/Complex = FANBOYS or
semicolon AND dependent word
(independent clause)
S+V DW S+V.
DW S+V, S+V.
S, RP/S+V, V.
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Sentence Types (Grammar #3) and Peer
Proofreading of Definition Essay
(p. 202)
(p. 202)
A Simple Sentence
WARNING:
has just one clause (S+V pair). That
clause may have two or more
subjects and/or two or more verbs,
but they make just one pair:
1.
2.
3.
4.
1.
S
V
The rain stopped.
S
V
The children went outside.
S
V
S
The children and dogs went outside.
S
V
V
The children went outside and played.
1
2.
3.
4.
(p. 202)
Compound sentences have two
independent clauses joined with
just a semicolon
The rain stopped; the children went outside.
S
V
Around 10 a.m., the rain stopped.
S
V
Cheering wildly, the children ran out the back door.
S
V
Mom, feeling exhausted, sat on the couch.
S
V
The children walked to the neighbor’s house and
V
played video games all afternoon.
“FANBOYS” words:
FOR
AND
NOR
BUT
OR
YET
SO
2
a semicolon, a transition word,
and a comma
The rain stopped; therefore, the children went
outside.
A simple sentence may have one or
more phrases but has just one clause
(S+V pair):
OR a comma before a FANBOYS
The rain stopped, so the children went outside.
(p. 203)
TRANSITION WORDS/PHRASES
(also called adverbial conjunctions or conjunctive adverbs)
When they separate two clauses, use a SEMICOLON
where the period would go and a COMMA after the
transitional expression. Here are just a few common ones:
It rained; therefore, we canceled the picnic.
It rained; however, we still had the picnic.
It rained; nevertheless, we still had the picnic.
It rained; moreover, it hailed.
It rained; also, it was cold.
It rained; in addition, it was cold.
It rained; on the other hand, it was sunny.
It rained; meanwhile, we made popcorn.
Complex sentences have one
independent clause and one dependent
(subordinate) clause. They are joined with
2
a dependent word (subordinating conjunction)
S
S
V
V
The children went outside after the rain stopped.
S
S
V
V
After the rain stopped, the children went outside.
OR a relative pronoun (who, whom, that, which)
S
S
V
V
The children who went outside got wet.
S
V
S
V
The rain, which was annoying, lasted all day.
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Sentence Types (Grammar #3) and Peer
Proofreading of Definition Essay
COMMON DEPENDENT WORDS
(subordinating conjunctions)
after*
as if
before*
if
once
though
what
whenever
wherever
although
as though
even
like*
since
unless
whatever
where
whether
MORE DEPENDENT WORDS
(RELATIVE PRONOUNS)
as*
because
even though
now that
so that
until, till
when
whereas
while
that
which
who
whom
whoever
whomever
(p. 203)
GRAMMAR #3
A sentence that uses both ways of combining is
Complete the full exercise (20 questions) on MyHCC / Canvas.
COMPOUND/COMPLEX.
1. Mom and Dad wrapped my presents while I slept.
A. simple
A semicolon,
a semicolon, a transition word, and
a comma, OR
a comma before a FANBOYS
A. simple
A. simple
A. simple
C. complex D. compound-complex
B. compound
C. complex D. compound-complex
B. compound
C. complex D. compound-complex
5. Carol cleans her kitchen every week but never wipes
the top of the refrigerator.
A. simple
When people think of a man, they generally
think of “an adult male human being” (“man,
n.1”). However, some think they have to “[b]e
stupid, be unfeeling, obedient and soldierly, and
stop thinking” to be manly (Theroux, par. 2).
B. compound
4. Jane, who is very patient, followed the directions,
but I rushed ahead.
a dependent word OR
a relative pronoun (who, whom, that, which)
WHEN YOU USE A QUOTE IN AN ESSAY:
C. complex D. compound-complex
3. Jane followed the directions, but I rushed ahead.
AND
B. compound
2.The truck with a dent in its bumper belongs to Silvio.
B. compound
C. complex D. compound-complex
on Works Cited Page
•
•
•
•
•
•
Put the worksworks-cited page on its own page.
page.
Include only works actually cited in the essay.
See pp. 432-490
of LBCH.
Alphabetize by first word in each entry
DoubleDouble-space
Use hanging indentation (Format/Paragraph/Special/Hanging/0.5”)
Style of details like punctuation is very specific — get it right!
Works Cited
“man, n.1 (and int.).” OED Online, Oxford University Press,
Put the words you have borrowed in quotation marks and
include the author’s last name and page number in
parentheses after the quote. Then you will also need a
works-cited page. (See the next slide, page 6 of the
syllabus, and the MLA section of LBCH.)
WE WILL DISCUSS THIS IN DEPTH THURSDAY!
March 2016, www.oed.com.db11.linccweb.org/view/ Entry/113198.
Theroux, Paul. “The Male Myth.” The New York Times, Sunday, Late City
Final Edition, 27 Nov. 1983, p. 116. LexisNexis Academic, www.
lexisnexis.com.db11.linccweb.org/ lnacui2api/api/version1/getDoc
Cui?lni=3S8G-HPY0-0008-Y1KC&csi=270944,270077,11059,
8411&hl=t&hv=t&hnsd=f&hns=t&hgn=t&oc=00240&perma=true.
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Sentence Types (Grammar #3) and Peer
Proofreading of Definition Essay
A Few Helpful Hints for Your
Definition Essay:
“Women” is plural; “woman” is singular.
“Their” (they, them) is plural; “his or her” (he or she,
him or her) is singular. Someone did not change their mind;
someone changed his or her mind because the word “someone”
is singular.
A person is a “who” or “whom,” not a “that.”
Avoid first- and second-person pronouns (I, me, my,
we, us, our, you, your). Try “people,” “a person,” or
“someone” instead.
Avoid questions. Instead of asking them, answer them.
Every quotation must have a parenthetical citation
and a listing on a works-cited page.
Proofreading the Definition Essay
Staple a proofreading form to the front of each of your two
printouts and write your name on both. Then trade your essays
with any two classmates. Be sure to write your name as the
proofreader on each of their forms, and get them to do the
same on yours. If you finish before time is called, trade again
(reuse the forms, adding your name).
When time is called, return the papers to their owners. Take
yours home, make corrections, and submit your final essay on
Canvas before class begins Feb. 7. Gather all your hard copies
(first draft with small-group comments, today’s two proofread
printouts, and maybe brainstorming, outline, and ASC tutors’
slips) to submit in class that day.
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