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TIMELINES OF ANCIENT CIVILIZATIONS
14-PART SERIES
EGYPTIAN Part I & II
CHINESE Part I & II
GREEK Part I & II
Presents
TIMELINES
Of ANCIENT
ROMAN Part I & II
C IVILIZATION S
JAPANESE Part I & II
14 PART SERIES
INDIA Part I & II
MESOPOTAMIAN Part I & II
Consider Visiting These Web Sites:
http://www.harappa.com/har/har0.html
http://www.kbears.com/india/links.html
http://www.kamat.com/kalranga/timeline/timeline.htm
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Copyright © 2006
INDIA:
PA RT 2
ALEXANDER THE GREAT TO MODERN DAY
INSTRUCTIONAL GUIDE
Study the map on pg. 12. Then write the name of the
location on the solid black line.
INTRODUCTION TO SERIES
Designed to enhance the social studies curriculum for the
intermediate aged student on up. “Timelines of Ancient
Civilizations” offers students a unique perspective about the
chronological developments of the greatest societies the
world has ever known.
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As a complementary device with each video, an instructional guide suggests exercises to enhance the learning
for teachers, parents and students. These interactive
exercises will reinforce and further develop a student’s
level of comprehension.
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The instructional guide provides:
Vocabulary
Biography
Chronology / Q & A
Discussion Points / Activities
Geography
Permission granted to copy the
exercises provided in this guide.
For educational use ONLY.
E-Guides available at
www.filmideas.com
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Study the location of the countries on the map.
Then test your geography skills on pg.13.
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AFGHANISTAN
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PAKISTAN
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INDIA
CHINA
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INDIA
After conquering Persia, Alexander the Great was determined to add India
to his own growing empire. However, his small army was exhausted and
refused to go, so in 326 BCE, Alexander halted his attempt to conquer
India and prepared to return to Greece.
Chandra Gupta threw out the remaining Greek warriors and raised an
army large enough to attack the Magadha and consolidate the entire
Ganges River Basin under his rule. Under Chandra Gupta, the Maurya
Empire rose to greatness. His heirs would rule India for almost 150 years.
Because of the wide variety of goods India had to offer, it enjoyed a thriving trade business. The Romans traded with India by way of water routes
from the time of Julius Caesar until the fall of the Byzantine Empire in the
15th century CE. The Parthians traded with India over land routes. The
Parthians and their descendants would control major portions of India for
100 years before they were finally defeated by the Satavahanas who would
rule for the next 250 years.
The period of 300-600 CE is known as the Golden Age in India. During
this time, Samudra Gupta established one of the world’s earliest political
unions. After his death, the Gupta Empire fell and an era of small kingdoms
and sultanates returned.
Between 637 and 1400 CE, the Muslims invaded India. By 1300 CE, the
subcontinent was divided into Muslim and Hindu kingdoms. The conflict
of ideas continues to cause major problems even to this day.
In 1498 CE, the Europeans began to arrive in India. First, the Portuguese
came, followed by the English, and then the French. Eventually, the English
gained control. India began to struggle for independence around 1885, but
in 1915, Mohandas Gandhi came to the front of the struggle and promoted civil disobedience. The country was partitioned into separate states for
the Hindus and the Muslims since they disliked each other so much. India
gained its independence in 1947, and the Hindus and Muslims had to
move to their designated countries. The movement took place but resulted in the loss of millions of lives.
Today, India is the largest of six countries on the subcontinent. The capital of India is New Delhi. With over one billion people, India is second in
population only to China.
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V OCABULARY
of India Part II
Study the vocabulary words on pgs. 2 & 3. Then fill in the blank
by selecting the words from the answers list:
ALLAH: The God of Islam.
ANSWERS LIST :
BANGLADESH: One of the six countries that share the subcontinent.
It was originally known as East Pakistan and became fully independent
from West Pakistan in 1971.
BHUTAN: A tiny country that is one of the six countries that share the
subcontinent.
CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE: Passive resistance; a form of protest advocated by Mahatma Gandhi.
GOA: An island off India’s west coast, which remained in Portuguese
hands until the 1960s.
GURKAS: Indian mercenaries hired by the British to fight for them from
the early days right through World War II.
INDIA: A country of southern Asia consisting of approximately
1,246,880 square miles; the second most populous country in the
world; one of six countries that share the subcontinent.
JAINISM: A religion of India founded by Mahavira in about 599 BCE. It
has no caste system.
JAWAHARLAL NEHRU: The first prime minister of India after India
gained its independence from the British on August 15, 1947.
MAHATMA (MOHANDAS) GANDHI: The leader of India’s independence movement against Britain, who advocated civil disobedience.
He was assassinated on January 30, 1948.
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Islam • Parthia • Jawaharlal Nehru • Tamerlane •
Mercenaries • Mohammed • Jainism • civil disobedience •
Pakistan
A) _____ ___________________ are paid soldiers.
B) _______________________ was an ancient country in
what is now Iran that conquered major portions of India and
ruled there for 100 years.
C) _______________________ was a prophet who founded Islam.
D) The religion of _____________________________
was founded by Mahavira in about 599 BCE and has no
caste system.
E) ______________________, or passive resistance, is a
form of peaceful protest advocated by Gandhi.
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Q
&
A about India
Part II
Study the vocabulary words on pages 2 & 3 and the timeline on
pg. 4. Then answer the questions.
1. What is the highest mountain in the world? In what country
is it located?
2. What happened in India in 1857? Why did it happen? How
long did it last?
3. When did the Golden Age of India occur? What leader is
considered responsible for it? What was one of his major contributions to history?
4. Who was India’s first prime minister? When did he become
prime minister? Why?
5. What six countries make up the Indian subcontinent?
6. Who was the leader of India’s movement for independence
from the British? What was the type of protest he advocated?
When and how did he die?
7. Islam is one of the chief religions of India. Who founded
Islam? Who is the God of Islam? Name another religion of
India.
8. Who were the first Europeans to explore India? What explorer was the first to sail to India? What island off of India did
these Europeans control until the 1960s?
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MERCENARIES: Paid soldiers.
MOHAMMED: A prophet, born in 570 CE on the Arabian Peninsula,
who founded the religion of Islam.
MOUNT EVEREST: The highest mountain in the world, located in
Nepal.
NEPAL: One of the six countries that share the subcontinent, a mountain kingdom that is home to Mt. Everest.
NEW DELHI: The capital of India, located in the northern part of the
country.
PAKISTAN: One of the six countries that share the subcontinent. Its
capital is Islamabad.
PARTHIA: An ancient country in what is now Iran. The Parthians wereone of Rome’s toughest foes and traded with India over land routes.
They eventually conquered major portions of India and ruled for 100
years.
SAMUDRA GUPTA: Indian leader considered responsible for the contributions of India’s Golden Age; established one of the world’s earliest
political unions.
SRI LANKA: An island nation that is one of the six countries that share
the subcontinent.
TAJ MAHAL: A white marble and red sandstone structure in Agra,
India, built by Shah Jahan as a monument to his wife.
TAMERLANE: The brutal Turkish Sultan of Samarkand who invaded
India in 1398 and ravaged the city of Delhi.
“THE MUTINY”: A rebellion that took place in India in 1857 and lasted for two years. The Indian people revolted against the British.
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T IMELINE
of
India
Part II
4 billion years ago: When many scientists believe
planet earth began.
334-326 BCE: Alexander the Great occupied the Asian continent but did not conquer India.
317-180 BCE: The Maurya Empire.
30 BCE- ABOUT 70 CE: The Parthians control major portions of western and northern India.
ABOUT 70-300 CE: The Satavahanas rule India.
300-600: The Golden Age of India.
467: The Huns invaded India and gained a foothold.
570: Mohammed was born.
637-1400: The Muslim invasion of India.
1398: Tamerlane invaded India and ravaged Delhi.
1498: Vasco da Gama sailed from Africa directly to India.
1632-1947: The British controlled India.
1648: The Taj Mahal was completed.
1937-1947: The Indian struggle for independence from the
British.
1947: India gained its independence. Jawaharlal Nehru
became the first prime minister.
D iscussion Points /A ctivities
1. Imagine you lived during the time of ancient India. Discuss how life
would be different than living in the 21st century.
2. A timeline offers a chronological perspective of significant events
which have happened throughout history. After viewing the program,
study the timeline on pg 4 of this guide, then develop your own timeline
which illustrates India’s enduring history. Perhaps use the computer;
add pictures along with text; or develop a multimedia presentation.
3. The Taj Mahal in India is one of the most famous and most beautiful
structures in the world. You might write a brief report explaining its history, architecture, and the people behind it. Use the internet for your
research.
4. The British controlled India from 1632 until 1947. You might write a
report, highlighting the key events that occurred during this time related to the British--British influences, conflicts, notable historical figures
(both British and Indian). Use the Internet for your research.
5. You might create a map of the Indian subcontinent. Highlight the six
countries on the subcontinent and label their capitals. Mark the surrounding countries, mountain ranges, and bodies of water.
6. Many species of plants and animals are unique to the Indian subcontinent. You might try to find ten plants and ten animals that are found
only on the Indian subcontinent. Describe the plants and animals, write
about an interesting fact about the plant or animal, and include a picture if you can find one. Use the Internet for your research.
1948: Mahatma Gandhi was assassinated.
1971: Bangladesh became fully independent from West
Pakistan.
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G EOGRAPHY
of
India
Part II
Study the map on pgs. 6 & 7. Then on the solid black line write the name of the
location and on a separate piece of paper write a brief description of each location.
Use the words described in this guide on pgs. 2 & 3 to
complete the crossword.
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DOWN:
ACROSS:
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1) Indian mercenaries hired by the 1) Leader of India’s movement
for independence from Britain
British
2) The God of Islam
3) Indian religion founded by
Mahavira
4) Island country that is part of
the Indian subcontinent
5) First prime minister of India.
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6) Leader associated with
India’s Golden Age
ANSWERS:
Across - 1) Gurkas, 3) Jainism, 5) Nehru
Down - 1) Gandhi, 2) Allah, 4) Sri Lanka, 6) Gupta
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MAP of India
Part II
Study the modern-day map and its significant locations below. Then test your geography skills on pg. 8.
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1 HIMALAYAS: The mountains located on the northeastern border of India.
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2 ARABIAN SEA: The body of water located along
India’s southwestern border.
3 BAY OF BENGAL: The body of water located along
India’s southeastern border.
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4 NEW DELHI: The capital city of India today.
5 INDIAN OCEAN: The ocean to the south of India.
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