Begin a sleep and dream log. You will keep this
log for 7 days. In this log record:
1. the number of hours you sleep each night
2. if you remembered dreaming or not.
3. Give the most detailed description possible of the dreams
that you had.
4. What time you went to bed and what time did you wake
5. How many times, if any, did you wake during the nightdescribe circumstances
6. What did you eat before you went to bed
7. Did you have any “stressors” during the day or are/were you
anxious about upcoming events
8. Conditions of sleeping environment, such as wind blowing,
storming, calm/quiet, cool or warm, comfortable etc.
9. Create a cover for your log
Read chapter 7: 183-190
Answer Assessment
questions 1-4 on page 190
due at the end of the class
Consciousness- State of Awareness
Altered States of Consciousness:
Sleeping
Daydreaming
Meditation
Hypnosis
Substance Influence
SLEEP
4 Stages of Sleep:
Stage I- Pulse slows, Muscles relax, Uneven breathing, Irregular
brain waves------------------------10 minutes
Stage II- Eyes roll from side to side------30 minutes
Stage III- Deeper waves sweep the brain ever 2 seconds or so
Stage IV- Deepest Delta waves, maximum lack of consciousness,
State of oblivion- sleepwalking and bedwetting occur
total time in stage IV is 60 minutes per night- Important
to your physical well being
Stage I-
Quiet Sleep
Stage IIStage IIIStage IV-
Lasts a total of an Hour and half per cycle
75% of sleep time is in Stage I-IV
Active Sleep
Active Sleep:
Rapid Eye Movement- REM sleep
10 minutes per sleep cycle
•Pulse and breathing are irregular,
•Adrenal and sexual hormones production increase
•Brain waves are similar to those recorded when awake
Go through cycle approximately every 90 minutes
Stage IV decreases in length with each cycle
Sleep Needs:
Infant- 16-18 hours per day half of the time spent in REM
16 year olds- 10-11 hours per day
College age-
8 hours
70 years and up- 5 hours
Circadian Rhythm- Biological clock
Sleep Disorders
Insomnia- abnormal prolonged inability to sleep
Causes: overuse of alcohol or drugs
physiological conditions
psychological conditions
Sleep Apnea- breathing trouble while sleeping
causing person snore and stop breathing
Causes: muscles at the base of the tongue relax
and sag
swollen tonsils, obesity, infections
Narcolepsy:
sudden falling asleep at any time and place
Nightmares:
Unpleasant dreams- REM sleep
Night terrors: sleep disruption during stage IV resulting
in confusion, screaming, rapid heart rate,
sweating. Subjects have no memory of
the terror
Sleepwalking and Talking: linked to stress and fatigue
can occur during REM
or NREM (non REM) sleep
Dreams- Mental Activity during sleep
•Dreams occur during REM sleep- unlike bedwetting
and sleepwalking that occur during Stage IV sleep
•Longest REM stage is when most dreams that
are remembered occur
Which dreams do we remember and which dreams do
we forget?
Dreams remembered are:
•Generally more interesting
•Relate to a frightening experience
•Have sexual content
•Have action
Why is REM Sleep important?
Takes subconscious trash and eliminates it
from the brain’s filing cabinet so it doesn’t bog
down the brains ability to do work. (defragging)
Dreaming is important to human well being.
thus
REM sleep is extremely important. REM deprivation in a
Sleep cycle will be made up in the next cycles
•Dreams often have common settings
familiar to individuals. Rarely do they
have settings in “dreamland”
•Most involve enjoyable activities and not
work or study
•Outside influences during sleep effect
dreaming- sounds, tactile experience,
physical conditions
Nightmares
Relate to intensity of brain activity
Emotional dread from the day in the conscious
results
Nightmares during sleep
Freud was fascinated by dreams and
Believed them to be the road to the unconscious
Mind
Clues to thoughts and desires the dreamer is
afraid to acknowledge in the conscious mind
full of hidden meanings
Dream Interpretation
1. Write out in as much detail as possible one of the
dreams that you have never forgotten.
Be prepared to share this dream with the
class to interpret.
2. Analyze your dream logs. Do you see any
correlation between the amount of sleep you
got and remembering dreams.
Write your analysis in the comment space and turn in.
Hypnosis
An altered state of consciousness when the subjects
Becomes highly suggestible and do not use their
Critical thinking skills
Results from hypnosis:
•Subjects can become conscious of things they are usually
unaware of and don’t normally notice
•Subjects become highly receptive and responsive of external
stimuli
•Sometimes subjects lose sensation ability- I.e., don’t feel a pin
sticking them
•Subjects are able to focus attention on one tiny aspect of something
and ignore all external stimuli
Uses for hypnosis:
1. Posthypnotic Suggestion- Remembering subconsciously
after awakened- used to curb smoking, eating or other
unwanted behaviors
2. Memory Enhancement- Hypnosis can aid subjects in
remembering forgotten or repressed information. Things
the subject may have seen and forgotten
Stiff as a board exercise in hypnosis
Hallucinations
Perceptions that have no direct external cause - results in
seeing, hearing, smelling, tasting, or feeling things that do
not exist
Causes of Hallucinations:
Drugs- LSD, Peyote
Sensory Deprivation- No visual or auditory stimuli
Physical needs deprivation- Sleep, food, oxygen, water
Psychoactive Drugs
Drugs that interact with the nervous system to alter a
Person’s mood, perception, and behavior
These drugs can range from caffeine in coffee to powerful
Consciousness altering substances like marijuana, alcohol,
Amphetamines, and LSD- new drug Ecstasy….
MEDITATION
Focusing attention on an image or thought with the goal of
Clearing one’s mind and producing an “inner peace”.
Physical state may change- slower pulse/heart rate, slower
breathing, relaxed muscles
Produces the “Relaxation Response”
Can reduce “Hypertension” which is high blood pressure
Four basic elements necessary to elicit the state of
Relaxation:
1. A quiet environment
2. A comfortable position
3. A mental device ( something that is repeated over and over)
or a physical object to concentrate on
4. A passive or willing attitude
Disorder Project:
•Research disorder- (cite all resources)
•Demonstrate that behavior at the the Disorder Party
•Short presentation to class on the disorder you were portraying
•Pamphlet with information on the disorder that will be
reproduced and distributed to the class with presentation.