Truck Mounted Cranes – Hi-Ab
Study Guide with Self
Tests
Assessment 16617 is both observation and a closed book written test.
This manual is the pre-course learning component of the course, please
study it and answer the self check questions throughout the book. Bring
the completed questions with you to the course.
Pay particular attention to the information on page 9 as you must
remember the names and functions of 7 of the components found in this
page.
You will be required to prepare and lift two different types off loads, on
and off your truck loader crane
Assessment 1754 is observation only, your answers to the self tests will be
attached to your assessment schedule by the assessor.
All the answers to the questions are found in the back of the study guide.
1
The Course Objectives…
Carry out crane pre-checks
Carry out truck inspection
Carry out site inspection
Carry out lift equipment checks
Lift, place & secure a load & prepare for transport mode
You are the operator
You are responsible
The Principle Objectives of Health & Safety in Employment Act
1992
Employer Responsibilities
Prevent harm to employees at work
Promotes Health & Safety in the workplace
Provides Safety Regulations & Approved Codes of Practise
Provides responsibilities for all personnel within the workplace
Provides hazard management plans for the workplace
Employee Responsibilities
You take all practical steps to ensure that you are not harmed and that
you do not harm anyone else by your actions or your failure to take
action, in the workplace
2
Other significant reference documents
1.
Crane safety manual
2.
ACOP for load lift rigging
3.
ACOP for cranes
4.
Company operating procedures
5.
Manufacturers instructions
6.
Company safety procedures
Requirements found in above material
1.
You must be trained and supervised to carry out your
work
2.
You are responsible for your safety whilst at work
Hazard controls
Minimise
Signs
Training
PPE
Isolate
Barriers
Safety guards
Eliminate
Get rid of
Wear appropriate PPE when working.
Use barriers around work area to keep
moving vehicles away from work area.
Have unauthorised people removed from
working area, do not proceed with lift
until they have left.
3
Overhead obstructions
Ground surface
Type of load
Vehicle and pedestrian traffic
Lighting conditions
4
Ways to reduce hazards on work site.
PPE
Traffic control
Barriers
and signs
5
Articulating crane terminology and types
Ancillary attachments: Devices attached to the crane that
perform functions other than lifting a load with a hook, such
as forks, augers, grapples and a digging bucket.
Articulating boom crane: A crane with two or more boom
sections that pivot (articulate) using hydraulic cylinders; also
known as a knuckle-boom crane.
Base: The main supporting structure of the crane that supports
the stabilizer system and mast to the vehicle.
Boom extension: A telescopic (hydraulic or manual) boom
section that extends the reach of the crane.
Mast: The vertical structure of the crane between the inner
(main) boom and the base.
Crane rating: A cranes gross lifting capacity established by the
manufacturer.
Extension cylinders: The hydraulic cylinders used to extend and
retract the boom extensions.
Gross capacity: The capacity listed on the crane’s load chart.
Hydraulic tank: The reservoir that holds the cranes hydraulic fluid.
Jib: A hydraulic boom section that articulates, extends and
attaches to the end of the outer booms last extension.
6
A knuckle boom crane
appears similar to a standard
crane, except that the
boom articulates at the
'knuckle' near the middle,
letting it fold back like a
finger. This provides a
compact size for storage
and manoeuvring.
Truck mounted boom
crane.
7
Essential components and functions of crane and lifting equipment
Brakes: stops crane long movement and cross travel and hoist/lower
movements when activated.
Ropes: attached to the cranes winch drum and the hook, used to
hoist the load.
Sheaves: grooves in the winch drum and on the blocks that the
rope(s) sit in and run through.
Load equalisers: system for equalising (spreading) the load weight
across two or more ropes or sling legs.
Load indicators: device that gives the operator a load weight
reading when the weight of the load has been taken by the crane.
Limit warning devices: device that gives a warning when the SWL of
the crane is being exceeded.
Slings: lifting equipment – chain, wire and web slings etc.
Spreaders: type of lifting equipment – usually four cornered from
which hang sling legs that are connected to a load. Or; a bar, pole or
wooden batten placed between two legs of a sling to keep them
apart to keep the sling legs apart.
Hooks: used for attaching loads to the crane and lifting equipment.
Bins: usually round or rectangular in shape that are filled with the load
material being lifted.
Tongs: two limbed piece of lifting equipment used to handle materials
that should not be touched.
Grabs: mechanical device that goes round (to grab), hold and lift
loads.
Magnets: lifting equipment used for lifting metals
8
Stabiliser beam
Slewing
Extension boom
Rotator
Stabiliser cylinder
Inner boom
Fly jib main boom
Grab
Outer boom
Fly jib extension
Hoist cable winch
9
Vehicle and crane pre-operation checklist
Vehicle is legal & roadworthy
• Certificate of fitness, registration and road user charges
• Certificate of inspection for the crane
• Certificate of annual inspection for lifting equipment
Hydraulic leaks / visual inspection
Hydraulic hoses
Controls / hand throttle
Securing pins
Crane boom
Chassis mounting bolts
Vehicle and crane pre-operation checklist
Warning devices
All control functions are working
Tyres and pressures
Oil, water, hydraulics and fuel
Counterweight
Ropes
Hook/hook block
10
Reporting of defects
All faults must be reported immediately as per company policy
All major faults must be tagged out as per company policy
Co-operation between operators and mechanics is important
Site considerations prior to crane set up
•
•
•
•
•
•
The job requirements
Operational priorities
Workplace rules
Procedures
Identified hazards
Hazard control measures
Identify hazards in the work area before crane set up
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Power lines
Trees
Overhead service lines
Bridges
Surrounding structures
Obstructions
Facilities
Other equipment
Dangerous materials
Underground services
Soil conditions (value) eg; recently filled trenches
Vehicle traffic
11
Self Test
Q 1; What is the legislative
reference document that
covers safety in the
workplace?
.
Q 2; What other reference
material might you refer to
for the safe operation of your
crane?
Q 3; Describe two
requirements of the
legislative document you
identified in question 1 that
apply to truck loader cranes.
Q 4; Name the three hazard
control measures found in
the HSE Act.
Q 5; Why is it important to
consult with relevant
personnel on site before
commencing work?
12
Q 6; What action would you
take if you found any
defective equipment?
.
Q 7; List three site
considerations prior to crane
set up, that will reduce
potential risks.
Q 8; List 4 hazards you would
need to take into account
in your crane set up plan.
Q 9; List four methods of
reducing hazards on site.
Q 10; Name and describe
the functions of 3 critical
components of either the
crane or lifting equipment.
13
Trenching and excavation guidelines; stabilisers
or tyres should not be set up closer than 1.5 times
the depth of an excavation in sandy or gravel
soils.
For solid or compacted ground; distance B must
be equal or greater than distance A.
Distance B
Distance
Base edge
A
Regardless of distance
there must be a 45
degree angle from
stabilizer foot to base
edge.
45 Degrees
x
14
ELECTROCUTION HAZARD
THIS CRANE IS NOT INSULATED
DEATH OR SERIOUS INJURY
WILL RESULT FROM CONTACT
OR INADEQUATE CLEARANCE
For all power lines of 50 kV or
less, maintain a minimum
distance of 4 metres. If line
voltage is not known assume
maximum voltage and maintain
maximum clearance of 14
metres
This remote control does not provide any
protection from
ELECTROCUTION HAZARD
DEATH OR SERIOUS INJURY will result if the boom,
load or load line should become electrically charged
while you hold this control.
15
Stabilizers
Stabilizers are to be locked in the retracted position during transit.
Prior to taking the boom out of the cradle stowed position, the
stabilizers are to be properly deployed and locked.
Stabilizers must be visible to the operator when extending and
setting unless assisted by another person.
Do not operate the stabilizer beam controls while the stabilizer legs
are touching the ground.
All steering and drive tyres must remain firmly on the ground
when setting up stabilizers.
Do not operate stabilizer controls while the boom is elevated.
OUT RIGGERS WILL CAUSE
SERIOUS CRUSHING INJURY
STAND CLEAR
16
Do not set stabilisers over underground hazards, cavities or drain covers
Max 5˚
On a sloping surface (no more than 5˚) set
the stabilizers on the downwards side first to
level the crane.
17
Packing/blocking must also be 3 times that of the feet
No!
No!
No!
No!
O.K.
O.K.
O.K.
O.K.
18
Q11; What should you do
when working in low visibility?
Q 12; What is the minimum
distance any part of the
crane or load can be from
A) Distribution lines
B) High voltage lines
A
B
Q 13; If you need to work
closer to power lines, what
should you do?
Q 14; In what position should
the stabilizers be when in
transit?
Q 15; Where should you be
when operating the
stabilizers?
19
Q 16; What should you
check for when working on a
site that has recently filled
trenches?
Q 17; If the stabilizer
footplates sink into the
ground, what has the
operator failed to do before
commencing work?
Q 18; A stabilizer pad sinks
into the ground when lifting
a load, what immediate
action should be taken?
Q 19; What procedures must
be followed when setting up
a crane on a sloping
surface?
Q 20; When setting up in an
area where the ground
value cannot be identified –
what precautions would you
take?
20
General precautions for crane operation
•
Operation of cranes varies by make and model. Become familiar
with crane controls and load charts before attempting to operate
it. Pay particular attention to the folding and unfolding process.
•
Do not operate crane unless there is sufficient light to see the
boom tip and your load.
•
If the load or placement area is not visible from operator’s
position, establish proper crane communication with a qualified
signalperson.
•
Never perform a manoeuvre that causes the load to pass over
the operator’s position or another person.
•
Establish a minimum 3.05m safe distance around the work zone by
means of recognized safety identifiers such as cones, tape or
barriers.
Minimum 3.05m
A MOVING BOOM WILL CAUSE
DEATH OR SERIOUS INJURY
Stand on the side opposite the boom
when folding or stowing crane.
Stay clear of the boom when
operating or servicing the crane.
21
General precautions for crane operation
•
•
•
•
•
Do not move the vehicle with the boom unstoward.
Always operate the crane with smooth and gentle movements. Do
not jerk the controls to full speed, doing so is a major cause of
shock loading.
To minimise load swing position the boom tip directly over the
load’s centre of gravity prior to lifting.
Avoid quick or jerky movements at full extension as they can cause
undue stress and wear to the crane.
Always lift the load clear of the ground ( resting surface) with
boom lift or hoist before rotating the boom, extending or retracting
the boom or moving the load in any manner.
Likely results of dragging a load
Structural damage to boom
Load could topple
Stabilizers could lift
Load movement
•
•
•
•
All loads shall be well secured
and balanced before they are
lifted more than a few inches
Be sure the lift and swing path
are clear of obstructions.
Lift and move the load
smoothly, always keeping the
load as close to the ground as
practical.
Do not move the load or
attachments in such a way
that they can make contact
with any portion of the crane.
22
Operator responsibilities
•
•
•
Only one operator shall operate the crane at a time.
Do not engage in distracting activities while operating the
crane.
do not operate the crane when physically or mentally unfit or
under the influence of alcohol or drugs.
Handling the load
•
•
•
Never load crane beyond the specifications of the load
chart.
Prior to the lift, calculate the load weight and range
capacity, accounting for the full range of potential
configurations during the entire lift.
Do not handle loads with the outer boom or fly jib in a
negative position. This will shock load the joints or blow a
hydraulic hose.
Negative position
23
Working load limit (WLL), safe working load (SWL)
If the crane does not have; or you can
not locate the data rating information,
what should you do?
Do not operate the crane
SWL of the crane measured in
metres above ground level.
Ground Level
24
SWL of the crane measured in
metres of length
Current model
Before attempting a lift make sure you
are familiar with the cranes SWL
6680kg without
extensions
2510kg at 4.5m
1829kg at 6.1m
1360kg at 8.1m
The heaviest load this crane can lift is 6680kg but only if the
extensions are closed.
The furthest this model extends id 8.1m as it has only 3 extensions.
25
Load placement
•
•
Do not rest loads on structures of unknown load bearing capacity.
No one shall stand or pass under an elevated load.
Leaving the crane unattended (when leaving the
work zone)
•
•
•
•
Land the load – do not leave it suspended.
Lower the boom
Disengage the main power source/power take-off (PTO) to prevent
unauthorised use.
Stop engine and secure the key.
Power failure
•
•
•
In case of power failure, set all brakes and locking devices.
Move all power controls to the off or neutral position.
If load can be controlled, land the suspended load
Ending operations
•
•
•
•
•
Prior to transit always fold or stow the crane boom as directed in the
operator’s manual.
Raise the stabiliser legs completely prior to retracting the stabiliser
beams completely
Ensure the stabiliser beam locks are engaged and working properly.
Disengage the PTO, stow chocks and secure all loads and
attachments on truck bed for travel.
Perform final walk-around visual check to ensure the crane is ready
for transit.
In transit (loaded or unloaded)
•
•
•
•
•
The vehicle driver must know the total height, axle loadings and gross
vehicle mass (including crane, ancillary equipment and load).
Ensure bridge ratings are sufficient to handle the weight of the vehicle
travelling across it.
Travel only with the boom fully retracted and in a traveling (stowed)
position.
Disengage the main power source/power take-off (PTO) to prevent
unauthorised use.
Stop engine and secure the key.
26
Q 21; When operating a
crane in a busy street, what
hazards need to be
considered?
Q 22; When the load is
suspended what three
checks need to be made?
Q 23; You experience a
problem when conducting a
trial lift. What should you do?
Q 24; Why is it important to
have the lifting point
positioned correctly over the
load?
Q 25; What area should the
packing/blocking cover
when used under stabiliser
feet?
27
Q 26; You start to operate a
hydraulic control and one of
the hoses starts to develop a
bubble on the side. What
should you do?
Q 27; Are you permitted to
allow a person to ride upon
the lifting hook, slings or
suspended load?
Q 28; A severe electrical
storm is approaching, what
should you do?
Q 29; Are you permitted to
exceed the safe working
load at a given radius of the
crane?
Q 30; State three reasons
why you are not permitted to
drag a load.
28
Q 31; When slewing a load
operating at its maximum
limits what precautions
should you take?
Q 32; If the boom slewed
suddenly what may occur?
Q 33; When should the load
be assessed?
Q 34; Who should assess the
load?
Q 35; If a signal is given that
is unknown or incorrect what
should you do?
29
Q 36; What is load swing
and what effect does it
have on the crane?
Q 37; On a vehicle where
the crane is mounted
behind the cab are you
permitted to lift from in front
of the vehicle and slew to
the side?
Q 38; You have stopped
operating the crane for
some time due to heavy
rain. What checks would you
make before starting work
again?
Q 39; Prior to transportation
what must be done with all
the lifting gear and
attachments
Q 40; Can any loads remain
suspended from the hook
following shut down or when
the crane is unattended?
30
Load Chart
A
B
C
D
30m
On chart A can you lift 1700kg t0 10m?
On chart B can you lift 2470kg t0 7.9m?
On chart C can you lift 620kg t0 18.5m?
On chart D can you lift 1800kg t0 16.1m?
31
Maintenance and service
•
•
•
•
•
Only authorised personnel shall perform maintenance functions on
the crane; then only at the direction of supervisor.
Disengage the PTO before any service repairs are performed.
Do not disconnect any hydraulic hoses or components while there is
pressure in the lines.
Never tamper with hydraulic valve pressure settings.
Before welding on the carrier truck always;
Consult manufacturer or representative for authorisation.
Ground the welder as near the welding site as possible.
Disconnect all connections to the crane’s remote control power box.
Disconnect the truck batteries.
Load hook inspections
•
•
Inspections and record-keeping requirements for hooks are
determined by the kind of equipment the hooks are used on. When
the inspection requirements for hooks are specified in regulations
applicable to your equipment those regulations will take precedence
over the information presented here.
Prior to initial use, inspect all new and repaired hooks to ensure
compliance with items listed in the hook inspection checklist.
32
Load Hooks
Eye hook
Shank hook
Clevis hook
Swivel hook
Eye
Swivel grease zerk
Throat opening
Latch
Point
Heel
Base (bowl-saddle)
Latches
•
•
•
•
•
Use a hook equipped with a latch at all times, except when a latch
proves impractical or poses a danger in a particular application.
The latch is used to retain such items as slings and chains under slack
conditions.
Hook latches for loose sling retention are not anti-fouling devices.
They must never be allowed to support any portion of the load. Hook
latches must be inspected for damage just as the hook must be
inspected. Ensure the latch is in place and properly centred on the
hook.
Hook latches should never be crowded by oversized rope or stiff
riggings.
Make certain the load is properly seated on the “bowl-saddle”
before a lift is attempted.
33
Lift equipment & attachments are checked for serviceability
Scrap Grab: Designed for scrap metal, such as car bodies.
Attachment must be secure, and
No obvious signs of hydraulic oil leaks
Wire slings: Used for loads that require long and large
capacity slings.
Sheaves: Lead the rope over the head of cranes and hoists
and are used in pulley systems.
Must not be fouled in any way, and
Allow free movement of wire rope
The factor of safety is the ratio between the minimum breaking
load and the safe working load(SWL).
Chain Slings: Designed for general use on all types of loads.
Factor of safety 4 To 1
Links should not be damaged or stretched.
Must be certified with a metal tag.
Synthetic Sling / Nylon Sling: Used for loads that require flexibility and
resistance to abrasion and cutting.
Factor of safety 6 to 1
Must not be frayed along the edges, or
Ripped, cut or knotted.
No excessive wear or chemical stained
Flexible steel wire rope slings are flexible and resist
damage and kinking.
Factor of safety 5 to 1
Brick Forks: Used for lifting palletised loads.
These must be certified, and
Have no damage to the lifting eye’s.
34
Rigging general precautions
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Only the crane operator or other qualified persons shall
attach a load to a crane’s hook.
Never exceed the Safe Working Load or Working Load Limit of
each piece of rigging. All SWL’s or WLL’s are rated for a
straight vertical lift.
Visually inspect rigging before each use. Remove from service
any items meeting rejection criteria.
Avoid shock loading.
Do not allow any body parts to get in between the sling and
the load.
Personnel shall not ride the sling.
When multiple slings are used they should be attached to the
bow of the shackle and the hook to the shackle pin.
Do not pull sling(s) from under a load when the load is resting
on the sling(s).
•
The centre of gravity is the central point at which the load weight
would be evenly distributed to any side; this is also referred to as
the balance point.
•
Determine a loads' approximate centre of gravity
before hoisting.
The load must be rigged over the centre of
gravity (placing it directly below the load
hook) or the load will shift when hoisted.
If the load has uneven weight distribution
place the rigging over where you think
the C of G is and do a test lift. Adjust as
necessary.
•
•
35
Basic hitches
Vertical or straight attachment is simply connecting
a sling from a lifting hook to the load. Full rated load
of the sling may be used, but never exceeded. A tag
line should be used on such a lift to prevent rotation
which can damage sling.
Choker hitches reduce lifting capability of a vertical
sling because this method of rigging affects the ability
of the sling components to adjust during the lift,
placing angular loading on the body of the sling and
creating a small diameter bend in the sling body at
the choke point. Provides excellent grip and control.
Basket hitches distribute a load equally between the
two legs of the sling and capacity is based on the
angles at which the legs are rigged to the load.
When using a basket hitch, balance the load to
prevent slippage.
Bridle hitches are defined as two or more slings
working together and attached to the same
collection point. They can be attached to the
hoisting hook by means of a master link or shackle.
36
Q 41; Label parts of the latch indicated by arrows.
37
;Q 42; Who is responsible for
checking all lifting gear,
such as chains and slings?
;
Q 43; What post operational
checks need to be carried
out?
Q 44;
When must you use a hook
with a latch?
Q 45; Who can attach a
load to a cranes hook?
Q 46; If the load has an
uneven weight distribution,
how would you check the
load has been slung
correctly?
38
;Q 47; How do you prevent
rotation when a vertical or
straight attachment is used?
;
Q 48; How should multiple
slings be used?
Q 49; Why does the chocker
hitch reduce lifting
capability?
Q 50; When using a basket
hitch what must you do to
prevent slippage?
Q 51; What is a bridle hitch?
39
Q 1; Health and Safety in Employment Act 1992
Q 2; ACOP for cranes, ACOP for load lift rigging, crane safety manual,
manufacturers instructions
Q 3; You must be trained and supervised to carry out your work. You are
responsible for your safety whilst at work.
Q 4; Eliminate, isolate and minimise
Q 5; To make sure you know about relevant work site rules.
Q 6; Do not use, tag and report.
Q 7;Hazard control measures; Workplace rules; Identified hazards;
Procedures
Q 8; Power lines; Trees; Structures and obstructions; Ground value
Bridges
Q 9;Use PPE; Warning signs; Barriers; Traffic control; Lighting
Q 10; Answer found in components and their functions
Q11; Use lighting plant or a qualified person to communicate load
position.
Q12; A – 4 metres. B – 14 metres
Q 13; Get approval from the relevant authority.
Q 14; Locked in the transit position.
Q 15; Where you can see them.
Q 16; That any trenches have been firmly packed down and that you
have enough packing.
Q 17; Failed to identify unstable soil or not enough packing under
stabilizers.
Q 18; Lower the load and assess the situation.
Q 19; Set stabilizers on the down side first to balance the crane.
Q 20; Check for subsidence first, constantly check footing and use
sufficient packing
Q 21; Correct packing on bitumen surfaces, pedestrian safety,
protection from moving traffic, watch clearances.
40
Q 22; The load is correctly slung, crane is functioning correctly, stabilizer
footing secure.
Q 23; Lower the load and take necessary corrective action.
Q 24; To reduce risk of over loading or collapsing the crane.
Q 25; 3 times greater than feet
Q 26; Lower the load, stop work, tag and report defect.
Q 27; No
Q 28; Lower the load, stop work, pack up crane if required.
Q 29; No
Q 30; Could cause structural damage, load could swing, load could
topple.
Q 31; Avoid jerky movements.
Q 32; Damage to boom, load could swing, load could topple,
destabilise the truck.
Q 33; Prior to lifting.
Q 34; Crane operator
Q 35; Stop and clarify signal
Q 36; When the crane slews suddenly, it can cause loading on the boom
and may cause truck to tip
Q 37; Only in accordance with load chart
Q 38; Re-check ground value, where necessary move crane to stable
ground.
Q 39; Equipment must be stowed, attachments removed from boom
and secured
Q 40; No.
Load Chart: No, Yes, Yes, No
41
Q 41; As per labelled diagram on page 33
Q 42; Crane operator
Q 43; Check packing, hydraulic lines, boom correctly stowed, boom for
damage, hinge points, base plate to stabilizers
Q 44; At all times
Q 45; Only crane operator or other qualified persons.
Q 46; Do a test lift to assess balance.
Q 47; Use a tag line.
Q 48; Attaching them to the bow of the shackle and the hook to the
shackle pin
Q 49; Affects ability of sling components to adjust during the lift which
places angular loading on the body of the sling.
Q 50; Balance the load.
Q 51; Two or more slings working together and attached to the same
collection point.
42
Riggers Capacity Calculations
Determining Sling Loading Using the Included Angle
Sling Angle
Degrees
Steps
1.
2.
3.
Determine included sling angle
Select corresponding Load Angle Factor
Multiply weight of the load by Sling Angle
Factor to get load on each sling
Example Below
1.
2.
3.
Sling Angle = 90%
Load Angle Factor = 0.71
2000kg x 0.71 = 1,420kg per Sling Leg
Load Angle
Factor %
170
5.75
160
2.88
150
1.93
140
1.47
130
1.19
120
1.00
110
0.88
100
0.78
90
0.71
80
0.66
70
0.61
60
0.58
50
0.56
40
0.54
30
0.52
20
0.51
10
0.51
0
0.50
90%
2000kg
43
Calculating Weight of Loads
Description
Calculation
Cube
Length x width x height x unit weight
Uneven cube
Length x width x height x unit weight of each individual
cube then add together
Cylinders (solid)
3.14 x Diameter sq. over 4 x length x unit weight
Cylinders (hollow) thin
3.14 x Diameter x length x thickness x unit weight
Cylinders (hollow) thick
Calculate as solid, calculate volume of hole. Subtract hole
from solid x unit weight
Round plates
3.14 x Diameter sq. over 4 x thickness x unit weight
Wedge
Length x width over 2 x height x unit weight
Pyramid (solid)
Length x width x (height over 3) x unit weight
Pyramid (hollow)
Internal height x internal length x external height x external
width x thickness x unit weight
Pyramid (hollow) no top
(Total volume of side plates x unit weight) width top +
Width bottom over 2 x height x thickness x unit weight
Cone (solid)
3.14 x Diameter sq. over 4 x height over 3 x unit weight
Cone (hollow)
Length of side x thickness x unit weight
Cone (hollow) no top
3.14 x diameter + bottom diameter over 2 x length of side x
thickness x unit weight
Ball (solid)
3.14 x diameter cubed over 6 x unit weight
Ball (hollow)
3.14 diameter sq. x thickness of wall x unit weight
Tubular tanks
Calculate volume of ends. Calculate volume of centre
cylinder. Add together x unit weight
Structural shapes
Calculate the weights of each part and add together
44
Chain
Single 90%
Size mm To horizontal
Single
Reeved
Straight
Two Leg
Reeved
Three and Four Leg
Straight
Reeved
6.0
1.1
0.9
1.6
1.3
2.4
1.9
7.0
1.5
1.2
2.1
1.5
3.2
2.6
8.0
2.0
1.6
2.8
2.2
4.2
3.4
10.0
3.2
2.6
4.3
3.6
6.7
5.4
13.0
5.3
4.3
7.5
6.0
11.3
9.0
16.0
8.0
6.4
11.2
9.0
16.8
13.4
19.0
11.2
9.2
16.0
12.9
23.6
19.3
20.0
12.5
10.2
17.0
14.3
26.8
21.5
22.0
15.0
12.6
22.1
17.7
31.5
26.6
23.0
16.0
13.5
23.6
19.0
35.5
28.4
25.4
20.6
16.5
28.8
23.0
43.3
34.6
26.0
21.2
17.3
30.0
24.2
45.0
36.3
32.0
31.5
25.8
45.0
36.0
67.0
54.1
Note: This is a guide only. Check construction and rating of the sling for accurate capacity
Rope
Diameter
Single 90%
To horizontal
Single
reeved
Straight
Two leg
Round reeved
Three and Four leg
Square Reeved Round Basket
7.0
1.04
0.52
1.40
1.30
0.80
2.80
11.0
1.50
0.75
2.10
2.00
1.30
4.20
13.0
2.20
1.10
3.00
2.80
1.80
6.00
16.0
3.30
1.60
4.60
4.20
2.80
9.20
18.0
4.10
2.00
5.80
5.40
3.50
11.60
20.0
5.10
2.60
7.20
6.70
4.40
14.40
22.0
6.20
3.10
8.70
8.10
5.40
17.40
24.0
7.30
3.70
10.50
9.60
6.40
21.00
26.0
8.70
4.30
12.30
11.30
7.50
24.60
28.0
10.00
5.00
14.20
13.00
8.70
28.40
32.0
13.10
6.50
18.60
17.00
11.40
37.20
36.0
16.60
8.30
23.50
21.60
14.40
47.00
40.0
20.50
10.30
29.10
26.70
17.80
58.20
45
Nominal
Safe load
shackle size Limit
(bow Diam) (tonnes)
Nominal
Shackle size
(bow diam)
Safe load
Limit
(tonnes)
Shank size
(mm)
90% to
horizontal
45% to
horizontal
High tensile steel only
6
0.5
28
9.5
M12
0.40
0.08
8
0.75
32
12
M16
0.80
0.16
10
1
35
13.5
M20
1.60
0.32
11
1.5
38
17
M24
2.5
0.50
13
2
45
25
M30
4.00
0.80
16
3.25
50
35
M36
6.3
1.26
19
4.75
65
55
M42
8.00
1.60
22
6.5
75
85
M48
10.0
2.00
25
8.5
89
120
M56
16.0
3.20
Note: * from Europe, grey is rated 4 Tonnes and orange is rated 12 Tonnes for vertical lifts
Polyester web and rope slings
SWL
Kilograms
Vertical
Choke
Note: Number of stitch lines = capacity in tonnes
Parallel
basket
Basket
30%
Basket
60%
Basket
90%
500
500
400
1,000
950
850
700
1,000
1,000
800
2,000
1,900
1,700
2,800
2,000
2,000
1,600
4,000
3,800
3,400
4,200
3,000
3,000
2,400
6,000
5,700
5,100
4,200
*4,000
4,000
3,200
8,000
7,600
6,800
5,600
5,000
5,000
4,000
10,000
9,500
8,500
7,000
6,000
6,000
4,800
12,000
11,400
10,200
8,400
8,000
8,000
6,400
16,000
15,200
13,600
11,200
10,000
10,000
8,000
20,000
19,000
17,000
14,000
12,000
12,000
9,600
24,000
22,800
20,400
16,800
46
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