US History
Mr. Hicks
Name _______________________
Study Guide
Unit Test One: The Gilded Age
M
Key Terms: You should know the following key terms and people from Chapters 5 & 6.
Chapter Five: Westward Expansion and Populism
Section 1
 Great Plains - The grassland region of the United States
 Treaty of Fort Laramie - 1868 treaty in which the Sioux agreed to live on a reservation
 Sitting Bull - Leader of Hunkpapa Sioux
 George A. Custer - Colonel in U.S. Cavalry
 assimilation - Name of plan to make Native Americans part of white culture
 Dawes Act - Law that broke up Native American reservations
 Battle of Wounded Knee - U.S. massacre of Sioux at Wounded Knee Creek, South Dakota
 Longhorn - Sturdy cattle accustomed to dry grasslands
 Chisholm Trail - Major cattle route from San Antonio, Texas, through Oklahoma to Kansas
 long drive - Three-month long overland transport of cattle
To prepare for test:
Section 2
 Homestead Act - Act that offered free land to western settlers
 Exodusters - African-American settlers in the West
 soddy - A frontier home, usually dug into a hill or made from sod
 Morrill Act - Act that helped establish agricultural colleges
 bonanza farm - Large, single-crop farms
1) Use / complete this study guide.
2) Read Chapters 5 & 6.
3) Study items in your notebook.
4) Review Chapter PowerPoints (on
class web site)
Section 3
 Oliver Hudson - Kelley Farmer who founded the Grange
 Grange - Organization that fought for farmers’ rights
 Farmers’ Alliances - Groups of farm organizations
 Populism - Political movement that sought advancement for farmers and laborers
 bimetallism - backing money with silver and gold
 gold standard - Backing dollars solely with gold
 William McKinley - 1896 Republican presidential nominee
 William Jennings Bryan - 1896 Populist/Democratic presidential nominee
Study Questions: You should be able to answer the following questions from Chapters 5.
Chapter Five: Westward Expansion and Populism
Section 1
1. What were the responsibilities of the different members of Indian families?
2. What were the reasons for the clashes between the U.S. government and the Sioux?
3. What were two reasons why assimilation failed?
4. What factors helped the cattle business to grow?
Section 2
1. How did the government and the railroads encourage settlement of the West?
2. Name some social and economic hardship settlers faced.
Section 3
1. What steps did farmers take to address their financial concerns?
2. Which groups did the Populists appeal to most and why?
Chapter Six: A New Industrial Age
Section 1
 Edwin L. Drake - First person to use steam engine to drill for oil
 Bessemer process - Technique used to make steel from iron
 Thomas Alva Edison - Inventor of the light bulb
 Christopher Sholes - Inventor of the typewriter
 Alexander Graham Bell - Inventor of the telephone
Section 2
 transcontinental railroad - A railroad that crosses the entire country
 George M. Pullman - Inventor of the sleeping car
 Crédit Mobilier - Name of company involved in stealing of railroad money
 Munn v. Illinois - Court case that gave government right to regulate private industry
 Interstate Commerce Act - Law granting Congress authority to regulate railroad activities
 Edwin L. Drake - First person to use steam engine to drill for oil
Section 3
 Andrew Carnegie - Scottish immigrant who became a giant in the steel industry
 vertical integration - Process in which a company buys out its suppliers
 horizontal integration- Process in which companies producing similar products merge
 Social Darwinism - Theory that taught only the strong survived
 John D. Rockefeller - Head of the Standard Oil Company
 Sherman Antitrust Act - Law that outlawed trusts
 Samuel Gompers - Union leader
 American Federation of Labor (AFL) - Name of union led by Gompers
 Eugene V. Debs - Leader of the American Railway Union
 Industrial Workers of the World (IWW) - Union of radicals and socialists nicknamed the
“Wobblies”
 Mary Harris Jones - Organizer for United Mine Workers
Study Questions: You should be able to answer the following questions from Chapters 5.
Chapter Six: A New Industrial Age
Section 1
1. Describe the uses and importance of steel to industrialization in the US.
2. Name the ways in which electricity changed people’s life.
Section 2
1. How did times zones first come about?
2. What was one positive and negative effect of the growth of railroads?
3. Give two reasons why farmers were upset with the railroad companies.
Section 3
1. Describe two ways in which Carnegie tried to control the steel industry.
2. Why did entrepreneurs form trusts?
3. What were the two main types of unions?