Supplement of Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 18, 5255–5269, 2014
http://www.hydrol-earth-syst-sci.net/18/5255/2014/
doi:10.5194/hess-18-5255-2014-supplement
© Author(s) 2014. CC Attribution 3.0 License.
Supplement of
Relations between macropore network characteristics and the degree of
preferential solute transport
M. Larsbo et al.
Correspondence to: M. Larsbo ([email protected])
1
2
3
4
Supplementary material
Table S1. Column lengths and average irrigation rates at the nominal irrigation rates used in the breakthrough experiments. Standard deviations are given in
parenthesis.
Column
Säby 1 (loam) a
Säby 1 (loam) b
Säby 1 (loam) c
Säby 1 (loam) d
Säby 1 (loam) e
Säby 2 (clay) a
Säby 2 (clay) b
Säby 2 (clay) c
Säby 2 (clay) d
Säby 2 (clay) e
Ultuna a
Ultuna b
Ultuna c
Ultuna d
Ultuna e
Krusenberg a
Krusenberg b
Krusenberg c
Krusenberg d
Krusenberg e
Average
5
Length
(mm)
169
168
183
173
175
167
169
174
169
NA
170
161
170
169
NA
150
166
162
168
159
168
Average irrigation rate (mm h-1) at a nominal irrigation rate of
2 mm h-1
1.9 (0.06)
1.9 (0.06)
2.0 (0.07)
1.8 (0.11)
2.1 (0.06)
2.1 (0.05)
1.9 (0.34)
2.1 (0.28)
2.0 (0.10)
NA
2.0 (0.08)
1.9 (0.05)
2.0 (0.06)
2.0 (0.06)
Ponding
2.0 (0.05)
2.0 (0.02)
2.0 (0.03)
2.0 (0.09)
1.9 (0.06)
2.0 (0.09)
4 mm h-1
4.1 (0.13)
3.5 (0.33)
4.1 (0.18)
3.4 (0.58)
3.9 (0.06)
4.2 (0.07)
Ponding
4.0 (0.17)
3.8 (0.00)
NA
4.3 (0.25)
4.1 (0.15)
3.5 (0.53)
3.9 (0.09)
Ponding
4.1 (0.08)
4.0 (0.10)
3.9 (0.13)
4.0 (0.09)
3.7 (0.21)
3.9 (0.18)
6 mm h-1
6.0 (0.04)
5.9 (0.87)
5.9 (0.16)
5.9 (0.18)
5.9 (0.32)
6.2 (0.21)
Ponding
Ponding
6.4 (0.38)
NA
5.9 (0.06)
Ponding
Ponding
6.2 (0.46)
Ponding
6.1 (0.08)
6.0 (0.08)
6.3 (0.42)
5.7 (0.09)
5.9 (0.32)
6.0 (0.26)
8 mm h-1
7.7 (0.18)
7.7 (NA)
7.9 (0.13)
7.8 (0.49)
Ponding
8.5 (0.08)
Ponding
Ponding
7.3 (NA)
NA
7.7 (0.61)
Ponding
Ponding
8.2 (0.49)
Ponding
7.8 (0.77)
7.2 (NA)
8.0 (NA)
7.6 (NA)
7.8 (0.08)
7.8 (0.35)
12 mm h-1
10.6 (NA)
13.9 (NA)
14.2 (NA)
13.1 (NA)
Ponding
11.1 (NA)
Ponding
Ponding
10.6 (NA)
NA
10.9 (NA)
Ponding
Ponding
13.1 (NA)
Ponding
12.8 (NA)
14.5 (NA)
13.6 (NA)
13.2 (NA)
12.2 (NA)
12.6 (NA)
1
Table S2. Macropore system characteristics.
Column
Säby 1 (loam) a
Säby 1 (loam) b
Säby 1 (loam) c
Säby 1 (loam) d
Säby 1 (loam) e
Säby 2 (clay) a
Säby 2 (clay) b
Säby 2 (clay) c
Säby 2 (clay) d
Säby 2 (clay) e
Ultuna a
Ultuna b
Ultuna c
Ultuna d
Ultuna e
Krusenberg a
Krusenberg b
Krusenberg c
Krusenberg d
Krusenberg e
2
3
Macroporosity
Hydraulic
radius
0.071
0.051
0.076
0.052
0.050
0.122
0.042
0.033
0.052
Specific
macropore
surface area
mm2 mm-3
0.061
0.039
0.064
0.040
0.037
0.079
0.032
0.019
0.037
Mean
aggregate
thickness
mm
55
65
51
65
60
51
58
79
64
Fractal
dimension
Global
connectivity
mm
1.2
1.3
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.3
1.8
1.4
Mean
pore
thickness
mm
1.8
1.3
1.5
1.6
1.3
3.6
1.3
2.0
1.6
2.50
2.47
2.54
2.44
2.49
2.54
2.43
2.34
2.42
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
1
1
0.065
0.049
0.037
0.078
0.052
0.039
0.027
0.069
1.2
1.2
1.4
1.1
2.1
1.4
1.3
1.8
71
79
74
47
2.43
2.38
2.36
2.52
1
1
0
1
0.075
0.073
0.072
0.092
0.086
0.056
0.060
0.060
0.075
0.064
1.3
1.2
1.2
1.2
1.3
2.0
1.6
1.7
1.9
2.5
56
49
48
47
56
2.49
2.51
2.51
2.54
2.49
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
Table S3. Characteristics of the largest cluster connecting the soil surface to the bottom of the sample. The data are for the largest non-connected cluster for
cases when such a cluster did not exist (i.e. when Global connectivity = 0 in table S3).
Column
Säby 1 (loam) a
Säby 1 (loam) b
Säby 1 (loam) c
Säby 1 (loam) d
Säby 1 (loam) e
Säby 2 (clay) a
Säby 2 (clay) b
Säby 2 (clay) c
Säby 2 (clay) d
Säby 2 (clay) e
Ultuna a
Ultuna b
Ultuna c
Ultuna d
Ultuna e
Krusenberg a
Krusenberg b
Krusenberg c
Krusenberg d
Krusenberg e
3
4
Fraction of
macropore
volume
0.91
0.87
0.91
0.81
0.83
0.92
0.79
0.79
0.78
Mean
pore
thickness
mm
2.2
1.7
1.8
2.1
1.7
4.5
1.7
3.1
2.2
Euler
number
Tortuosity
-24000
-21700
-27200
-21300
-21300
-16400
-18900
-14900
-19600
Critical
pore
diameter
mm
0.77
0.48
0.73
0.24
0.59
1.7
NA
0.24
0.24
0.93
0.89
0.83
0.91
2.7
1.8
1.6
2.2
-26300
-26900
-26100
-30800
0.87
0.77
NA
1.08
1.5
2.0
NA
1.7
0.85
0.87
0.89
0.91
0.72
2.5
2.0
2.1
2.4
3.5
-23900
-29600
-28800
-31100
-24400
0.54
0.24
0.24
0.77
0.73
2.7
1.1
1.1
2.2
1.6
2.7
1.8
1.3
1.5
2.2
1.2
NA
1.4
1.2
1
Table S4. Measures of preferential transport for the irrigation rates used in the breakthrough experiments.
Column
Säby 1 (loam) a
Säby 1 (loam) b
Säby 1 (loam) c
Säby 1 (loam) d
Säby 1 (loam) e
Säby 2 (clay) a
Säby 2 (clay) b
Säby 2 (clay) c
Säby 2 (clay) d
Säby 2 (clay) e
Ultuna a
Ultuna b
Ultuna c
Ultuna d
Ultuna e
Krusenberg a
Krusenberg b
Krusenberg c
Krusenberg d
Krusenberg e
2
5 % arrival time (-) at a nominal irrigation rate of
2 mm h-1
4 mm h-1
6 mm h-1
8 mm h-1 12 mm h-1
0.25
0.19
0.07
0.07
0.06
0.29
0.07
0.08
0.10
0.10
0.28
0.16
0.14
0.14
0.11
0.26
0.21
0.11
0.11
0.07
0.31
0.21
0.11
Ponding
Ponding
0.38
0.33
0.34
0.27
0.26
0.24
Ponding
Ponding
Ponding
Ponding
0.04
0.12
Ponding
Ponding
Ponding
0.26
0.21
0.18
0.19
0.18
Not used Not used Not used Not used Not used
0.35
0.36
0.32
0.23
0.20
0.26
0.29
Ponding
Ponding
Ponding
0.07
0.12
Ponding
Ponding
Ponding
0.34
0.32
0.36
0.33
0.34
Ponding
Ponding
Ponding
Ponding
Ponding
0.50
0.35
0.33
0.27
0.22
0.52
0.42
0.41
0.37
0.30
0.52
0.42
0.39
0.38
0.36
0.47
0.39
0.33
0.28
0.25
0.45
0.42
0.35
0.26
0.11
Apparent dispersivity (cm) at a nominal irrigation rate of
2 mm h-1
4 mm h-1
6 mm h-1
8 mm h-1 12 mm h-1
7.8
9.1
14.4
15.5
20.1
5.1
12.0
13.0
13.1
15.8
5.6
9.5
11.0
12.7
14.9
5.2
7.9
11.4
12.4
17.1
7.0
9.0
14.0
Ponding
Ponding
4.8
6.6
6.3
7.7
8.4
11.8
Ponding
Ponding
Ponding
Ponding
20.5
20.1
Ponding
Ponding
Ponding
12.6
12.6
13.3
14.5
16.5
Not used Not used Not used Not used Not used
7.4
8.6
9.8
13.0
14.4
13.6
13.3
Ponding
Ponding
Ponding
26.4
25.5
Ponding
Ponding
Ponding
6.5
7.2
6.7
7.8
7.6
Ponding
Ponding
Ponding
Ponding
Ponding
2.6
4.5
5.4
7.6
7.5
2.5
3.6
4.6
5.8
5.9
2.4
3.6
4.3
4.9
5.1
3.1
4.5
6.0
6.7
7.2
4.0
4.9
6.5
8.0
10.9
1
2
3
4
Figure S1. Tracer breakthrough curves for the Säby 1 (loam) soil at the different steady-state flow
rates. T is dimensionless time.
1
2
3
4
5
Figure S2. Tracer breakthrough curves for the Säby 2 (clay) soil at the different steady-state flow
rates. T is dimensionless time.
1
2
3
4
5
Figure S3. Tracer breakthrough curves for the Ultuna (clay) soil at the different steady-state flow
rates. T is dimensionless time.
1
2
3
4
Figure S4. Tracer breakthrough curves for the Krusenberg (clay loam) soil at the different steadystate flow rates. T is dimensionless time.